Imashini zitanga umuvuduko mu murongokumenya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu bikoresho bitunganya gazi, bigatuma ababikora bahita bakira iyo habayeho imiterere idahwitse. Ibisobanuro bya mbere biva mu gupima umurongo bifasha gukumira ihindagurika ritera ubusumbane bw'imikorere cyangwa ihindagurika ry'imikorere.
Urugero, imiterere y'umunara wo kwinjiza umwuka ishingira ku muvuduko uhoraho mu mikorere. Utwuma twohereza umuvuduko dukurikirana imiterere y'umunara kugira ngo dukomeze gukora neza mu mikorere y'igice cyo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya. Ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko w'umunara rishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya mu gutunganya imyuka karemano binyuze mu guhindura umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere bw'ibintu cyangwa bigatuma amazi anyura mu kirere, bigasaba ko hakorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo hakosorwe ibipimo byo hasi.
Gutunganya Ethane
*
Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko, umutekano, no kurinda umutungo
Uburyo bwo gukuraho imyuka ikomoka ku gazi karemano bushobora kwibasirwa cyane n’ingaruka z’ingufu ziterwa n’ibintu bikomoka ku gazi n’ubushuhe.Igipimo cy'umuvuduko kiri ku murongobifasha guhita haboneka igabanuka ry’umuvuduko ridasanzwe, bigahagarikwa uburyo amazi ashobora kuvamo ndetse n’ingufu mbere yuko habaho kwangirika. Abakoresha bakoresha amakuru y’umuvuduko mu buryo bufatika kugira ngo batangire gukumira ingese mu nganda za gaze, bagabanye ikiguzi cyo gusana no gutakaza umusaruro. Amakuru ajyanye n’ibikoresho byo kohereza gazi mu buryo bw’umurongo afasha kandi gucunga hakiri kare kuziba kw’amazi mu miyoboro y’amazi, bishobora kubuza amazi gutembera no gutera imyuka ihumanya mu byuma bitunganya gaze.
Ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso mu byuma bitanga amashanyarazi akenshi rigaragaza kudahindagurika kw'amazi cyangwa ukwiyongera kw'amazi. Gukurikirana imiterere y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bifasha gukemura ikibazo cy'ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso no kwitega ko ibintu bizahinduka, bigatuma habaho kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse. Ubu buryo bushyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amahame agenga umutekano mu mikorere n'ingamba zo kubungabunga imitungo zikenewe cyane mu gutunganya gazi.
Kongera Umusaruro w'Umutungo no Gukoresha Ingufu mu Buryo Bwiza
Gupima neza igitutu kiri hagati y’umuyoboro byongera uburyo bwo kunoza ubushyuhe bwa reboiler, bishyigikira kubara ubushyuhe bwa reboiler no kunoza imikorere y’ingufu mu gutunganya no kuvugurura iminara. Mu minara yo kwinjiza umwuka mu gutunganya gazi, amakuru y’igitutu ayobora kubara igipimo cya reflux mu gutunganya gazi, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’uburyo bwo gusukura ethane n’uburyo bwo kugarura gazi.
Guhuza ibikoresho biri ku murongo nk'igipimo cy'ubucucike mu murongo, igipimo cy'ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter, igipimo cy'ubucucike mu murongo, igipimo cy'urwego rw'umurongo, n'igipimo cy'ubushyuhe mu murongo bitanga igenzura ryuzuye ry'umutungo. Uru rwego rwuzuye rw'amakuru rutuma habaho ikoreshwa ryiza rya gazi mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli na gazi, rutuma habaho kugaruka neza no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gutunganya gazi za hydrocarbon. Gupima neza igitutu bifasha guhindura vuba ibintu bihinduka, kugabanya imyanda no kongera inyungu mu nganda zicunga kugaruka no gutunganya gazi mu buryo bwa gazi karemano.
Incamake y'ingufu zikomoka kuri aside, n'itunganywa rya gaze zijyanye na zo
Uburyo bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gutunganya imyuka bushingiye ku gukuraho CO₂ na H₂S kugira ngo bihuze n'ibipimo by'isoko n'ibidukikije. Ihame rikunze kugaragara ni ukwinjizwa kwa shimi, cyane cyane sisitemu zishingiye kuri amine. Imiterere n'imikorere y'umunara wo kwinjizwamo ni ingenzi cyane, byoroshya imikoranire ya hafi hagati ya gazi karemano izamuka n'amine y'amazi imanuka. Ubu buryo bufata imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gisubizo cya amine.
Iminara yo kwinjiza umwuka mu gutunganya gazi isaba kugenzura neza ibipimo by'imikorere nk'igihe cyo gukorana, ubushyuhe, n'umuvuduko, kuko ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza yo gukuraho umwuka n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere. Nyuma yo kwinjiza umwuka, amine ikungahaye iva ikajya ku munara wo kuvugurura umwuka. Aha, ubushyuhe burekura imyuka ya aside yinjijwe, bugasubiza amine kugira ngo ikoreshwe. Iyi mikorere ibiri—gukusanya no kuvugurura umwuka—ni ingenzi muri iki gikorwa.
Uburyo bwo kuvugurura gazi mu gutunganya gazi busaba kubara ikiguzi cy'ubushyuhe bwa reboiler kugira ngo hongerwe ingufu zikoreshwa mu bushyuhe, kuringaniza imikorere myiza yo gukuraho aside gaze ndetse n'ingaruka zo kwangirika kwa amine. Sisitemu zigezweho zikoresha uburyo bwongerewe nk'uburyo bwa Sulfinol-X, buhuza uburyo bwa chemical na physical knocking kugira ngo bwongere imikorere myiza ya sisitemu, cyane cyane mu miyoboro igoye ya gazi. Udushya mu buryo bwo gukuraho aside gaze mu gutunganya gazi karemano bituma habaho kugabanuka kw'imiyoboro y'amazi n'ingufu zikenewe.
Ingaruka za ruswa mu gutunganya gazi karemano, cyane cyane mu bice bya aside gaze, bisaba guhitamo ibyuma no gukumira ingese mu nganda zikora gazi, gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyungurura amine, kugenzura ubushyuhe neza, no kubungabunga buri gihe.
Uburyo bwo kugarura gazi bujyanye n'ibyo ikoresha n'inyungu
Gazi ifitanye isano, ikunze gukorwa hamwe na peteroli, igizwe na karubone y'agaciro. Uburyo bwiza bwo kugarura gaze ifitanye isano ni ingenzi kubera impamvu z'ubukungu n'ibidukikije. Kugarura gaze bishobora kuba birimo kongera kuyishyira mu nganda, kuyigurisha mu buryo butaziguye, kuyihindura LNG cyangwa NGL, cyangwa kuyibyaza amashanyarazi. Buri nzira ishyigikira ikoreshwa rya gaze ifitanye isano muri peteroli na gaze, kongera agaciro k'umutungo no kugabanya umuriro usanzwe.
Gukurikirana umurongo—nk'ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'umuvuduko n'ubucucike bw'umuvuduko uva kuri Lonnmeter—bigira uruhare runini mu gihe cyo gukira, bigakomeza gukora neza no kumenya hakiri kare ibibazo nk'ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso muriimashini zitanga serivisiGushyira amashanyarazi mu buryo buhoraho ahantu hakomeye bifasha kumenya no kugabanya impamvu z’umuvuduko, bigatuma ikigo gikora neza kandi cyizewe.
Mu gutunganya neza uruganda rutunganya imyuka ya hydrocarbon, gazi ijyanye nayo irakurwamo, igasukurwa, igashyirwa ku masoko akwiye cyangwa mu ikoranabuhanga rijyanye no kuyihindura. Ibipimo byo mu murongo bifasha injeniyeri gukemura vuba ikibazo cy’ihindagurika ry’ibimenyetso kandi bigafasha gusubiza vuba ibibazo byo kuziba kw’amazi, kwangirika kw’udukoko, cyangwa ibyago byo kwangirika.
Guhindura imiyoboro ya gazi mu bicuruzwa by'ingirakamaro bisaba imiterere ihuriweho: ikigereranyo cyiza cyo kuzura mu isuku, ubushobozi bwo gushyushya icyuma gishyushya, kugenzura neza uduce duto tw’amazi, no kubungabunga neza. Uku guhuza bituma habaho inyungu, bigaragaza akamaro ko kugenzura igitutu n’ubwiza mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byose.
Intambwe z'ingenzi mu kuvura gaze ya aside na gaze ya hydrocarbon
Iminara yo Kunywa Gazi mu Gutunganya Gazi
Iminara yo kwinjiza umwuka ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gukuraho aside gaze ikoresheje gazi karemano. Imiterere yayo igomba gushyigikira gukuraho aside gaze ikoresheje gazi, kubungabunga umutekano n'ubwiza bwa gazi. Gupima neza kandi kwizerwa igitutu n'ingano y'amazi biri mu munara wo kwinjiza umwuka bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'uburyo bwo gukuraho aside gaze mu gutunganya gazi karemano. Gutanga ibitekerezo mu gihe nyacyo bituma abakora iyi mashini bahindura umuvuduko w'amazi, bakareba ko uburyo bwo kwinjiza umwuka buguma ku rugero rwiza rwo gufata CO₂ na H₂S.
Gukomeza kugira igipimo cyiza cya reflux mu gusya ni ingenzi kugira ngo hatandukanye hydrocarbon na aside gaze, cyane cyane mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya ethane. Kugira ngo habeho kubara neza igipimo cya reflux mu gutunganya gaze, utwuma twabugenewe dutanga amakuru ari hejuru no munsi y'utwuma twa distillation. Aya makuru yemerera sisitemu zo kugenzura kubara igipimo cya reflux neza no guhindura vuba inzira, bigatuza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa n'umuvuduko wo kugarura gaze. Mu buryo bugezweho bwo kugarura gaze, ibitekerezo bya transmitter ni ingenzi mu mikorere ihamye no mu buryo buhindagurika, bikagabanya igihombo cyo gutangira no kongera imikorere y'iminara yo kwinjiza gaze mu gutunganya gaze.
Imikorere n'Inzira yo Kuvugurura Umunara mu Gutunganya Gazi
Imikorere y'umunara wo kuvugurura ni ingenzi mu kugarura ubushobozi bwo gushonga mu mikorere y'ibikoresho byo gukuraho aside gaze. Ingano nyayo y'ubushyuhe n'amazi ishingiye ku gupima igitutu mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo ahantu hakomeye ho ku munara. Ibi bipimo bigaragaza ihindagurika ry'igitutu mu nkingi riterwa n'umwuzure, kurira, cyangwa gukwirakwiza nabi, bishobora kwangiza imikorere y'umusaruro wo kuvugurura.
Amakuru y’umuvuduko, hamwe n’amakuru y’ubushyuhe n’amazi agenda, yinjira mu buryo butaziguye mu kubara ikoreshwa ry’ubushyuhe bwa reboiler, ikintu cy’ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere y’uruganda rutunganya gaze ya hydrocarbon. Utwuma twohereza amakuru mu murongo tworohereza kugenzura buri gihe impamvu z’umuvuduko, zishobora guterwa no guhindagura kwa pompe, kuvugana kwa valve yo kugenzura, cyangwa kudahuza kw’amazi atemba. Mu kumenya izi ngorane hakiri kare, abakoresha bashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wa pressure, bagahindura ikoreshwa rya reboiler, kandi bagakomeza kuvugurura solvent mu buryo bukurikije imiterere yayo. Ibi bishyigikira mu buryo butaziguye uburyo ubushyuhe bwa reboiler bukoreshwa mu gutunganya gaze no kwizera imikorere muri rusange mu gutunganya gaze.
Gucunga ubushyuhe n'ingaruka za ruswa
Kuziba kw'amazi mu miyoboro n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya gazi bishobora gutuma amazi adakora neza ndetse no kwangirika. Imashini zitanga umuvuduko zigaragaza impinduka zitunguranye mu kugabanuka k'umuvuduko, bigaragaza ko amazi ashobora kwiyongera. Izi nteruro zihuse zituma abakoresha bashobora kugira icyo bakora mbere yuko amazi adakora neza, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo kudakora neza n'ibisabwa mu kubungabunga. Ibikoresho bimwe bitanga umuvuduko biburira ku duce duto twangiza gazi, bigaragaza ko hakiri kare hashyirwa icyuma gifunga gazi cyangwa aho icyuma gishyirwa.
Gushyigikira gukumira ingese mu nganda zikora gaze, kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umuvuduko w'isi bisuzuma amazi ava, gufunga ibintu nabi, cyangwa ingendo zidasanzwe z'umuvuduko—ibintu bishobora gutera aside cyangwa kwihutisha igihombo cy'icyuma. Isuzumabumenyi rihoraho ryemeza akamaro k'ingamba zashyizweho zo kugabanya ingaruka za ingese. Mu ikoreshwa rya gaze muri peteroli na gaze, kugenzura umuvuduko mu buryo buhoraho bitanga icyizere cy'igihe kirekire cy'imikorere n'umutekano mu mikorere.
Kugabanya ubukana bw'udukoko n'ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso
Gupima umurongo bituma hamenyekana uduce duto tw’umukungugu binyuze mu mpinduka mu gitutu gitandukanye ku byuma biyungurura, ku masahani, cyangwa mu bice bipakira. Kumenya hakiri kare imiterere y’igitutu bituma abakozi b’inganda bakoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura uduce duto tw’umukungugu nko guhindura ibyumba biyungurura, gahunda zo koza, cyangwa guhindura imikorere mbere yuko habaho imbogamizi zikomeye.
Ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso mu byuma bitanga amakuru ritera ikibazo mu bijyanye no gukoresha neza amakuru mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya imyuka ya hydrocarbon. Gukemura ibibazo byibanda ku kumenya ibibazo by'insinga, imiyoboro y'ubutaka, n'amasoko y'ihindagurika ry'amazi bishobora gutera isesengura rihindagurika. Gusuzuma buri gihe no gushyiraho bigabanya ihindagurika ry'amazi, kubungabunga imikorere y'ibikoresho bitanga amakuru no kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora. Imikorere ihamye y'ibikoresho bitanga amakuru ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ikigereranyo cyiza cya reflux, ubushyuhe, n'imigendekere y'amazi, byose bikaba ari byo bishyigikira ibikorwa byo gukuraho imyuka ya aside neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe.
Ibikoresho byo Gutanga Ubuhanga: Ibikoresho byo Kohereza Umuvuduko mu Murongo na Sensoreri Zigezweho
Porogaramu za Rosemount Differential Pressure Transmitter 3051 n'uburyo bwo kuzikoresha mu kuzipima
Gushyiraho uburyo bworoshye bwa Rosemount 3051 differential pressure transmitter muri sisitemu zo gukuraho aside gaze mu gaze karemano byongera uburyo bwo kugenzura neza mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'ingenzi nko gukaraba aside gaze no kwinjiza amine. Mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya imyuka ya hydrocarbon, izi transmitter zituma habaho igenzura rihamye mu miyoboro ifata umwuka n'iy'ivugurura, kunoza uburyo bwo gukuraho aside gaze no gushyigikira uburyo bwo gusukura ethane neza binyuze mu gutanga imiterere yizewe y'umuvuduko kugira ngo harebwe nibara reflux ratio no kunoza ubushyuhe bwa reboiler.
Uburyo bwo gupima Rosemount 3051 bugengwa n'amabwiriza y'uruganda, ashimangira akamaro ko kugabanya no gukosora uburebure bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'imikorere. Ku bijyanye n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'umunara wo gufata no gukora, gupima umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukurikije urwego rw'umuvuduko w'imikorere byitezwe birinda guhindagurika kw'ibimenyetso hafi y'aho inkingi zihagarara no mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu bikoresho bitunganya gazi. Gupima no kugabanya guhindagurika kw'ibipimo biterwa n'ibibazo n'ibisubizo byo kuziba kw'amazi, ibyago byo kwangirika mu gutunganya gazi karemano, cyangwa kwangirika kw'uduce duto mu bikoresho bitunganya gazi—bishimangira ko ibimenyetso bihamye mu buryo bwo kugarura gazi no kunoza uruganda rutunganya gazi hifashishijwe hydrocarbon.
Imiterere ya Rosemount 2088 Pressure Transmitter n'Imiterere y'Ubutaka
Iyi kompanyi ya Rosemount 2088 yakozwe kugira ngo irambe mu bintu byangiza kandi bishyushye cyane bisanzwe mu bikoresho bitunganya gazi. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyibika neza, kuyifunga neza, n'ibikoresho birwanya imiti birinda ingaruka zangiza ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuyirwanya, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu gukuraho aside mu buryo bwo gutunganya gazi karemano.
Guhuza ibintu bikubiyemo gukurikiza amabwiriza yo gushyiraho no kubungabunga Rosemount 2088. Gushyiraho imirima bigomba kugabanya ingaruka zo guhinda no kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuyigabanya, hagashyirwaho uburyo bwo kuyihuza hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya torque kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava mu kirere n'ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso. Abatekinisiye bakunze guhitamo 2088 kugira ngo bakurikirane inkingi zo kugarura amazi ya hydrocarbon, imikorere y'umunara wo kuvugurura, n'imirongo y'ingenzi ya condensate aho gufunga kwa condensate mu miyoboro ari ikibazo. Gusuzuma no kongera gukoresha sensor buri gihe, hibandwa cyane ku mpinduka mu bidukikije no kubara imikorere y'ubushyuhe bwa reboiler, bikomeza kugira ubwizigirwa mu mikoreshereze ya gazi muri peteroli na gaze.
Uruhare rw'ibikoresho by'ubwisanzure mu nganda za gaze
Kongeramo ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "inline sensors" ku buntu, nk'ibikoreshwa muigipimo cy'ubucucike bw'umurongo or igipimo cy'uburemere mu murongoByakozwe na Lonnmeter, byongerera ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu birenze kugenzura umuvuduko. Urugero, gushyiramo icyuma gipima ubushyuhe mu murongo umwe hamwe n'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe mu munara wo kwinjizamo ibintu bituma habaho gukurikirana icyarimwe imiterere y'imyuka ikomoka kuri aside kandi bigatanga umuburo hakiri kare ku bijyanye n'imyanda cyangwa kuziba. Ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongo byongera uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere binyuze mu kugenzura ubwiza n'imiterere ya gazi, bikaba ari ingenzi mu kugarura no gutunganya gazi karemano no kunoza ikigereranyo cya reflux mu kuyungurura.
Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe biri ku murongo bigira uruhare mu kumenya no gukumira ihumana ry'udukoko, kandi bigafasha gusuzuma neza uburyo amazi atemba mu migezi ya gazi hifashishijwe hydrocarbon. Ibikoresho byo kohereza amazi biri ku murongo hamwe n'ibipimo by'umuvuduko bigenzura neza aho amazi ahurira n'ibice bitanga umwuka ushyushye, birinda ko amazi arenga inkombe kandi bigashyigikira inzira yo kongera kuvugurura umwuka mu gutunganya gazi. Ibikoresho byo kohereza amazi biri ku murongo byemeza ubushyuhe bw'imikorere, byuzuza amakuru y'umuvuduko kugira ngo hagenzurwe neza ibyuma bishyushya amazi n'ibishyushya amazi, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi mu kunoza ubushyuhe buri ku murongo.
Gushyira mu bikorwa neza bisaba guhuza ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gupima n'aho bishyirwa kugira ngo hakorwe imbogamizi nko guhinduka kw'ibimenyetso, gukumira ingese mu nganda zikora gaze, no kugabanya kuziba kw'amazi. Binyuze mu gukoresha ibyuma bitanga umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bifite uburebure n'ubucucike bya Lonnmeter, ababikora babona neza imikorere y'ibikorwa, gucunga ingaruka z'ingese, no kunoza uburyo uruganda rutunganya gaze ya hydrocarbon rukora.
Guhuza na Sisitemu zo Kugenzura
Kugira ngo wongere umusaruro uturutse ku bipimo biri ku murongo, shyiramo ibicuruzwa bisohoka mu buryo bwo kugenzura bukwirakwizwa bw’uruganda (DCS) cyangwa mu buryo bwo kugenzura no kubona amakuru (SCADA). Ibimenyetso bya analog 4–20 mA biguma ari ibisanzwe kugira ngo bihuzwe n’inganda zose. Aho bihari, koresha protocole z’itumanaho rya elegitoroniki (urugero: HART, Foundation Fieldbus) kugira ngo umenye neza igihe nyacyo kandi umenye uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo butandukanye.
Gahunda zo guhuza ubusanzwe zinyuza ibicuruzwa bisohoka mu byuma bijya mu byumba bigenzura ibikoresho mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Koresha insinga zikingira kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka mbi za electromagnetic kandi wirinde ko inzira inyura ku murongo ugana ku mirongo ifite voltage nyinshi, bigatuma ibimenyetso bihindagurika mu byuma bikwirakwiza ibikoresho. Ku byuma bikwirakwiza ibikoresho mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga biri mu byiciro by'ingenzi—nk'ibyo munsi y'umunara wo kuvugurura cyangwa mu kugenzura reflux na reboiler duty—shyiraho imiyoboro yihariye yo kwinjira muri DCS kugira ngo urebe ko ibintu bigenda neza kandi ko nta nkomyi bihari.
Shyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo ushyireho uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru n'ingufuri mu buryo bwikora. Urugero, huza umuyoboro usohoka ku miyoboro iri hasi n'ingufuri zikora cyangwa ushyiremo imiyoboro kugira ngo ukemure ikibazo cyo kuziba kw'imiyoboro mu gihe umuvuduko ugaragaye. Hakenewe ingamba nke z'umukoresha, bigabanye kugenzura n'umutwaro w'umukoresha mu gihe cyo gutunganya gaze ya hydrocarbon.
Intambwe zose zo guhuza zigomba kubahiriza ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’amashanyarazi, umutekano w’imbere, n’uburyo bwo gufunga ubutaka bujyanye n’ibidukikije by’inganda zikora gaze, kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika, guhumanya uduce duto tw’ibintu, no kugenzura umutekano w’ibikorwa muri rusange. Gushyiraho no guhuza sisitemu y’ibikoresho bitanga umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi bityo bigatuma habaho igenzura ryihuse ku buryo bwo kugarura gaze mu buryo bunoze no kunoza buri gihe uburyo bwo gukuraho gaze ikoresheje aside gaze karemano.
Ibyiza byo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho (Advanced Inline)IgitutuIgipimo
Gutunganya Imikorere ya OPEX yo hasi n'umusaruro mwinshi
Ibisubizo bigezweho byo gupima umurongo nk'ibipima umuvuduko, ibipimo by'ubucucike, n'ibipimo by'ubucucike bifasha mu kunoza uburyo uruganda rutunganya imyuka ya hydrocarbon rutunganya. Amakuru y'umuvuduko mu gihe nyacyo, hamwe n'ibitekerezo biva mu bindi bipima nk'ibipimo by'ubucucike bya Lonnmeter n'ibipimo by'ubucucike, bitanga ingamba zo kugenzura neza cyane. Urugero, gukurikirana umuvuduko n'ubucucike ku ngingo z'ingenzi mu minara yo kwinjizamo umwuka n'iminara yo kuvugurura umwuka bituma habaho gukosora ibipimo nka reflux ratio na reboiler heaty duty.
Kubara neza ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe bwa reboiler—bushingiye ku bitekerezo nyabyo bya sensor—bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu bityo bigakuraho amafaranga akoreshwa mu mikorere (OPEX). Mu gushimangira uburyo ubushyuhe bwinjira no gukosora ibinyuranyo, inganda zishobora kongera umusaruro utitaye ku buziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa. Mu kugarura no gutunganya ethane mu miyoboro ya gaze karemano, ibipimo nyabyo bifasha imikorere ihamye y'ibice by'iminara yo kwinjizamo ingufu kandi bigagabanya ibura ry'ingufu haba mu kuvugurura no mu mikorere yo kugarura umwuka. Ibi bikorwa bigira uruhare mu kunoza inyungu, bigatuma ibikoresho bigezweho bikoreshwa mu miyoboro bikomeza guhangana mu bukungu mu buryo bwo kugarura gaze.
Kugabanya Ingaruka n'Uburambe bw'Umutungo
Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Inline Sensors bitanga uburinzi bwihuse ku ngaruka zikomeye mu gutunganya gazi. Gukurikirana umuvuduko buri gihe bipima umuvuduko—impamvu ikunze gutera umunaniro mu byuma no kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho mu byuma bitunganya gazi. Ibimenyetso bya mbere byo gutera umuvuduko bituma ababikora bagabanya umuvuduko ku byuma bifunga, gaskets, n'iby'imbere mbere y'uko habaho igihombo cyangwa capex idateganijwe. Ubucucike n'isesengura ry'ubucucike bivuye kuriLonnmeterIbikoresho bitanga ibitekerezo mu buryo butunguranye ku birebana n’uko hari uduce twanduye. Guhindagurika bigaragaza ko uduce twatangiye kwiyongera bishobora kubangamira imiyoboro cyangwa ububiko bw’iminara, bigatuma habaho kubungabunga ku gihe no kugabanya igihe gihenze cyo guhagarika.
Ingaruka zo kwangirika ni ikindi kibazo gikomeye mu buryo bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Gupima umurongo bigaragaza igabanuka ry’umuvuduko ridasanzwe cyangwa impinduka mu bucucike bw’ibinure bigaragaza ko amazi yazibye, amazi yinjira, cyangwa imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Gutahura vuba bifasha ingamba zo gukumira zituma imitungo iramba. Ubwo bushobozi buhuriweho, bufasha mu gukomeza gukora neza no mu mutekano mu gihe burinda ibikorwa remezo by’inganda.
Inkunga ku bikorwa bigezweho byo kugarura gazi hamwe no gukuraho aside gaze
Ikoreshwa rya gazi rigezweho muri peteroli na gazi risaba ubufatanye butajegajega hagati yo gutandukanya gazi, uburyo bwo gukuraho gazi ikomoka kuri aside, no gutunganya amazi mu buryo burambuye. Ibisubizo byo gupima umurongo ni ingenzi mu mikorere y’ibikoresho byo gukuraho gazi ikomoka kuri aside, aho amakuru nyayo y’umuvuduko, ubucucike, n’ubucucike ayobora imikorere nyayo y’iminara ikoresha ingufu, iminara yo kuvugurura, na sisitemu zo gufata amazi akomoka kuri aside.
Mu gihe cyo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya, ibikoresho bipima ibintu bihindura imikorere bigena imikorere myiza ya CO₂ na H₂S. Gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse byemeza ko imiterere n'imikorere y'umunara wo kwinjiza bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'impinduka mu miterere y'imyuka ikoreshwa mu kugaburira imirambo mu gihe bikomeza uturere twinshi two kohereza imirambo. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'imirongo bigira uruhare mu mikorere y'umunara wo kwinjiza imirambo, byemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire n'imikorere myiza yo kwinjiza imirambo. Ibikoresho nk'ibi ni ingenzi mu gukumira ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso mu gihe cyo kwinjiza imirambo mu gutunganya imyuka, kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa no kwizerana kwa sisitemu.
Mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya imyuka ya hydrocarbon, harimo no gutunganya inzira ya ethane, guhuza ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa inline sensors bituma habaho gukemura ibibazo byihuse no kugenzura uburyo ibintu bihinduka. Abakoresha ibikoresho bashobora kuringaniza neza imiterere y’ubwikorezi bw’ibintu, kunoza umuvuduko w’ubushyuhe bwa reboiler, no gucunga uburyo bwo kubara ikigereranyo cya reflux mu gutunganya imyuka hatabayeho ihindagurika ry’ibimenyetso cyangwa kudahinduka kw’imikorere. Ingaruka ni ukwiyongera k’ubushobozi bwo kugarura imyuka, kugabanya ibibazo byo kuziba kw’amazi n’ibisubizo, no gukumira ingese mu nganda za gazi, byose bishingiye ku bitekerezo byuzuye bya sensor.
Imashini zitanga umuvuduko wa Lonnmeter
Utwuma twohereza umuvuduko wa Lonnmeter twakozwe kugira ngo tube twizewe mu bihe bikomeye cyane bikunze kubaho mu gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugarura imyuka. Mu bikorwa byo mu gasozi ka peteroli, utwo tumashini dutanga umwuka uhumanya ikirere, ubushuhe bwinshi, n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe kenshi. Utwuma dukomeye two gupima ikirere n'ibikoresho bitose bitanga umutekano mu gihe kirekire ndetse no mu miyoboro ya gaze ishyushye kandi ifite ubushuhe bwinshi.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiraho amashanyarazi—bufite uburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi n’uburyo bwo kumenya ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi—bugabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no guhindura amashanyarazi. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo kuvugurura cyangwa gusana imikorere ya gazi aho kugabanya ibura ry’amashanyarazi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku nganda zitunganya gazi hifashishijwe amashanyarazi.
Porogaramu z'itumanaho rya elegitoroniki ni izisanzwe muri buri kohereza ubutumwa bwa Lonnmeter, bigatuma habaho guhuzwa na sisitemu zo kugenzura zikwirakwizwa hamwe n'isuzuma rigezweho. Izi kohereza ubutumwa zihora zigenzura ibibazo nko guhinduka kw'ibimenyetso, guhindagurika kw'ibanze, no gufunga amazi. Ibimenyetso byo kwisuzuma hakiri kare bifasha abakora akazi gufata ibibazo mbere yuko bibateza ibyago cyangwa gufunga bitunguranye.
Yakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukuraho aside gaze hamwe n’uburyo bwo gutunganya ethane, Lonnmeter transmitters zihanganira umuvuduko w’umwuka n’udukoko twangiza. Ibi byongera igihe cyo gukora mu buryo bwo gutunganya gaze harimo iminara yo kwinjiza umwuka n’iminara yo kuvugurura umwuka, aho gupima umuvuduko uhamye ari ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza igipimo cya reflux ratio no kunoza ubushyuhe bwa reboiler.
Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kohereza amakuru, ibikoresho bya Lonnmeter bifite ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifunga bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kandi bigafasha gukoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi cyangwa yanduye. Bihuye n'uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya imyuka ya hydrocarbon, bikuraho gusubirwamo kenshi cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bitewe n'ubwandu. Ibi bituma habaho igenzura ryizewe ku mutekano uhoraho no kubahiriza amategeko mu buryo bwo gukuraho imyuka ya aside ikomoka ku myuka karemano.
Imikorere ya buri gihe yo kubungabunga igenda igabanuka bitewe n’uko sisitemu isuzuma ibintu byubatswemo. Iyi mpinduka kuva ku gukora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibintu bitunguranye kugeza ku gukora ibintu biteganyijwe bifasha gucunga neza ibikoresho kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga ibintu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abayobozi b’inganda n’abahanga mu by’ibikoresho bashobora kugumana umusaruro mwinshi no gukora mu buryo buciriritse, bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu ikoreshwa rya gazi muri peteroli na gaze n’ibindi bikorwa.
Uburyo bwo Kwitabira: Saba ikiguzi cyangwa inama za tekiniki
Abayobozi b'inganda, abahanga mu by'ibikoresho, n'abashinzwe ibikorwa bya gazi bashobora gutangiza inzira yo gusabana na Lonnmeter mu ntambwe eshatu zoroshye. Icya mbere, kuvugana n'abacuruzi ba tekiniki mu buryo butaziguye bituma habaho isuzuma ryimbitse ry'imiterere y'inganda runaka—nk'ibibazo byihariye byo kuziba kw'amazi cyangwa gukenera gukemura ikibazo cy'ihindagurika ry'ibimenyetso. Ibi bishobora gukorwa binyuze kuri imeri, terefone, cyangwa ifishi yo kubaza kuri interineti.
Icya kabiri, mu gihe cy'inama za tekiniki, itsinda rya Lonnmeter rizakusanya ibipimo byihariye by'ikoreshwa, birimo imiterere ya gaze ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'imikorere, igitutu cy'umunara wo kwinjiza intego, n'impamvu zitezwe zo gutera umuvuduko hamwe n'imbogamizi zo kugabanya ubukana bw'ibicuruzwa. Ubu buryo bukozwe neza butuma buri transmitter ihura neza n'aho ikorera.
Icya gatatu, nyuma yo gusuzuma ubusabe, abakiriya bahabwa ibiciro birambuye kandi byihariye. Iyo hakenewe igenzura ryinyongera, ibice byerekana bishobora gushyirwa aho bakorera, bigashyigikira isuzuma ryimbitse mu buryo nyabwo. Ubu buryo bugenda buhoro buhoro butuma abafatanyabikorwa bagenzura ko imashini zitanga umuvuduko za Lonnmeter zujuje ibisabwa byose mu mikorere no kubahiriza ibisabwa mu mikorere ikomeye yo gutunganya gazi mbere yo gushyira mu bikorwa ku buryo bwuzuye.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Ni gute imashini zitanga umuvuduko zifasha mu gukumira kuziba kw'imiyoboro y'amazi?
Imashini zitanga umuvuduko zikoresha umurongo zigira uruhare runini mu buryo bwo kugarura imyuka ijyanye nayo no kunoza uruganda rutunganya imyuka ya hydrocarbon. Izi mashini zitanga amakuru ahoraho y’umuvuduko, bigatuma abazikoresha babona amanuko atunguranye cyangwa imiterere y’umuvuduko idahwitse—ikimenyetso gisanzwe cy’ubwiyongere bw’umuvuduko mu miyoboro. Kumenya ibi bihe mu gihe nyacyo bituma habaho kwihuta, nko guhindura ibipimo by’imikorere cyangwa gutangiza gahunda zo gufunga, bigabanya ibyago byo kuziba kw’umuvuduko. Ubu buryo bwo gukumira bufasha kwirinda gufunga bidateganijwe kandi bugakomeza gutuma umusaruro uhoraho usohoka, butuma habaho icyizere cy’uko imyuka ikoreshwa mu bidukikije bya peteroli na gazi.
Ni uruhe ruhare rw'ibikoresho bipima ibintu biri mu murongo mu kunoza imikorere y'umunara ufata ibikoresho?
Ibikoresho byo mu murongo—harimo ibipima umuvuduko, urwego, ubushyuhe, n'ubushyuhe—ni ingenzi cyane mu gushushanya no gukora neza iminara yo kwinjiza umwuka, cyane cyane mu mikorere y'ibikoresho byo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya. Ibi bikoresho bitanga amakuru y'igihe nyacyo ashyigikira imikorere ihamye y'iminara yo kwinjiza umwuka mu gutunganya imyuka. Urugero, ibikoresho byo kohereza umuvuduko bifasha kugumana umuvuduko w'ingenzi mu buhanga bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya mu gutunganya imyuka isanzwe. Amakuru nyayo aturuka mu bikoresho byo mu murongo ni ingenzi cyane mu kubara neza igipimo cya reflux mu gutunganya imyuka, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza mu gutandukanya imyuka ihumanya kandi bikongera imikorere rusange ya sisitemu yo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Ni gute ibikoresho byo gupima umuvuduko bifasha mu kunoza ubushyuhe bwa reboiler?
Gupima neza umuvuduko mu gice cyo gushyushya gitanga ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza umuvuduko w'imikorere, ari nabyo by'ingenzi mu kunoza umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bwa firigo mu gikorwa cyo kuvugurura gazi. Abakoresha bakoresha ibi bipimo kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bwo gushyira ubushyuhe, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikoreshereze y'ingufu za firigo. Umuvuduko ugenzuwe neza ushyigikira kubara neza umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bwa firigo, utuma imyuka ikomoka kuri aside ikomeza gukoreshwa neza nta gutakaza ingufu bitari ngombwa. Gukurikirana umuvuduko buri gihe bigabanya ibyago bifitanye isano no guhumeka k'umuvuduko mu bikoresho bitunganya gazi, iyo bitagenzuwe, bishobora kubangamira umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe n'itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe.
Kuki kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ari ingenzi mu bikoresho byo gukuraho aside?
Mu bikoresho byo gukuraho aside, gukurura uduce duto tw’umuvuduko bishobora gutuma umuvuduko ugabanuka buhoro buhoro ku bikoresho nka absorbers na regenerators. Uku kwiyongera k’ubudahangarwa ntikugabanya gusa imikorere myiza ahubwo byongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw’ibikoresho. Ibipimo by’umuvuduko biri ku murongo bituma ababikora babona vuba ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko ridasanzwe, bishobora kugaragaza ko habayeho gukurura mu ntangiriro z’igihe. Kumenya kare bifasha gufata ingamba ku gihe—gusukura cyangwa guhindura imiterere y’imikorere—kandi bishyigikira uburyo bwo kugenzura uduce duto tw’umuvuduko turinda ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya gaze ya hydrocarbon gutakaza imikorere ihoraho.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikoresho byo kohereza umuvuduko bya Rosemount 3051 na 2088 mu ikoreshwa ryabyo?
Imashini itanga umuvuduko utandukanye 3051 ikundwa cyane mu bikorwa bisaba ibipimo by’ubuziranenge buhanitse, nko kugenzura igipimo cya reflux mu nkingi z’imashini zitunganya cyangwa kugenzura igabanuka ry’umuvuduko ku byuma bihindura umwuka. Ubuhanga bwayo butuma ikwirakwira neza aho itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko udasanzwe rituma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho aside gaze. Igishushanyo cyo mu 2088, mu buryo bunyuranye, cyagenewe gupima neza cyangwa kugenzura umuvuduko burundu, kibereye serivisi zikomeye aho kuba inyangamugayo ari ngombwa. Nubwo imiterere yombi ishobora gushyigikirwa n’amabwiriza arambuye yo gushyiraho no gupima, guhitamo biterwa n’ibisabwa mu nzira—igenzura ry’itandukaniro ugereranyije n’isesengura rikomeye ry’umuvuduko w’ingingo imwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 13-2026
