Gupima ubucucike bw'ibice by'urusenda mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi mu ikorwa rya polyethylene, bishyigikira umusaruro mwiza, umutekano, no kugenzura neza ubuziranenge. Gukurikirana neza ubucucike bw'ibice by'urusenda bituma polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) n'ubundi bwoko bwa polyethylene bikorwa mu gihe gigenzurwa neza, bigatuma bigira ingaruka ku ntego z'ingenzi mu mikorere muri buri cyiciro cy'umusaruro.
Intangiriro ku buryo bwo gukora polyethylene
Polyethylene, cyane cyane polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE), ni ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa remezo bigezweho, mu gupakira, mu modoka no mu bwubatsi. Ingano yayo ikomeye hagati y’ubucucike n’ubucucike, irwanya imiti, kandi ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye byatumye ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa by’ingenzi, aho imiyoboro ya HDPE, amacupa, na za firime biboneka mu bintu byose kuva ku buryo bwo kunywa kugeza ku gupakira ibiribwa.
HDPE ikorwa ahanini n'inzira eshatu z'inganda zirimo polimesasiyo: inzira y'urubura, inzira y'ingufu, n'inzira yo gusukura. Buri imwe igena imiterere ya nyuma ya polimera, igira ingaruka ku mutekano w'imikorere, kandi ikagena imikorere y'ibidukikije. Uburyo bw'urubura, rimwe na rimwe bwitwa inzira yo gusukura, bukoresha solvent ya hydrocarbon nk'uburyo ethylene monomers zisukura, zigakora uduce duto twa HDPE duhagaze. Uburyo bw'ingufu bukora nta solvent, bukoresha reactors z'amazi kugira ngo zisukure ethylene hamwe n'uduce duto twa catalyst mu kirere cy'umwuka. Uburyo bwo gusukura polimera ishongesha mu solvent ya hydrocarbon ku bushyuhe bwinshi, bigatanga HDPE ifite imiterere yihariye, nubwo iyi nzira ikoreshwa cyane bitewe n'uburyo ikora.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Polyethylene
*
Muri ibyo, inzira yo gusya ni amahitamo meza mu nganda zikora polyethylene, cyane cyane ku byiciro bisanzwe kandi byihariye bya HDPE nka PE80 na PE100 byo gukoresha imiyoboro. Iyi nzira irakomeye, irahindagurika, kandi ituma habaho kugenzura neza ikwirakwizwa ry'uburemere bwa molekile za HDPE—ni ingenzi cyane ku bikorwa bisaba imbaraga za mekanike no kudacika. Uburyo bworoshye bwo gutandukanya solvent n'ubushobozi bwo gufata ubwoko bwinshi bwa HDPE bituma iba ingenzi mu gukora ibicuruzwa bifite amahame meza y'ubuziranenge, nko gukoresha imiyoboro ikomeye n'ibikoresho by'inganda bikonjesha cyane. Polimasiyo nziza ya slurry yashyizeho urugero rwo kwizerwa, uburinganire bunini, no koroshya umusaruro mu gikorwa cyo gukora polyethylene ku isi. Niyo mpamvu ingamba zo kugenzura no kugenzura neza, harimo no gupima ubucucike bw'slurry mu gihe nyacyo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka slurry density meter na ultrasonic slurry density meter, ari ingenzi mu kubungabunga imikorere myiza n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro mu gukora polyethylene.
Uburyo bwo gukora urusenda mu gutunganya polyethylene
Uburyo bwo gusya ni inzira y'ibanze yo gukora polyethylene, cyane cyane kuri polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE). Ingenzi mu mikorere yayo ni icyuma gihindura imiterere aho ethylene ihindura imiterere mu gikoresho cya hydrocarbon, akenshi isobutane cyangwa hexane. Ethylene monomer, comonomer (niba ikoreshejwe), na catalyst bishyirwa muri icyuma gihindura imiterere buri gihe. Uduce twa polymere turakora kandi tugakomeza kuba duhagaze, bigatuma habaho icyuma kinini kizenguruka munsi y'ibikorwa bya pompe za reactor. Gusya neza ni ingenzi - kwemeza ko ibintu bikomeye biguma bihagaze no kongera imikoranire hagati ya monomer na catalyst.
Muri ubu buryo, hydrocarbon solvents ikora nk'uburyo bwo gusubiza aho kuba réactants nyazo. Ikuraho ubushyuhe, igafasha mu gutwara uduce duto, kandi igafasha gutandukanya polymer ikura n'ubuso bwa catalyst. Imiterere ya reactor ikubiyemo ibyuma bikonjesha imbere hamwe n'uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya pompe kugira ngo ihangane n'imizigo y'ubushyuhe bukabije no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika, ikibazo gikunze kubaho mu gihe uduce duto twa polymer twiyongera kandi twishyira hamwe mu gihe cyo gukura. Reactors zigezweho zikoresha sisitemu ebyiri za pompe n'imikorere ya cyclic kugira ngo zicunge ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za pompe no kugabanya amahirwe yo kuziba kw'ibice bya polymer bivamo kwiyongera. Moderi zo kwigana zigaragaza ko iyo kubyimba kudagenzuwe, viscosity iriyongera, amazi arahungabana, kandi imyuka cyangwa ndetse no kuzimya réactors bishobora kubaho. Ingamba zo gushushanya, nko guhindura aho pompe ishyirwa cyangwa guhuza ibikorwa bya cyclic flow, zemejwe kugira ngo zongere uburyo bwo gukomeza no kurinda umutekano w'ibikorwa.
Catalysis ni ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga rya polyethylene ikora urusenda. Amatsinda abiri y’ibinyabutabire byiganjemo: Ziegler-Natta na chromium-based (Phillips). Ibinyabutabire bya Ziegler-Natta akenshi bikoresha inkunga ya magnesium dichloride na titanium-based actives, bitanga ububasha nyabwo ku ikwirakwizwa ry’uburemere bwa molekile za HDPE, ubucucike, n’ibindi bintu by’ingenzi. Ubwoko bugezweho bwemerera imiterere ya molekile ebyiri: igice gifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile kugira ngo imbaraga za mekanike zirusheho kuba nziza n’igice gifite uburemere buke bwa molekile kugira ngo ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu burusheho kuba bwiza. Ikinetiki ya polymerization ishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe guhindura ingano ya hydrogen, ibi bikaba bigena igipimo cyo kurangiza uruhererekane, umusaruro, n’ingano y’utunyabutabire. Ibinyabutabire bya Ziegler-Natta rero bifasha guhindura imiterere y’ingenzi ya HDPE, ingenzi mu miterere nk’imiyoboro isaba gukomera cyane no kudacika.
Kataloge ya Phillips (chromium oxide) ikora binyuze mu buryo bwihariye, aho alkyl za chromium zikora nk'ahantu ha mbere ho gupomera. Izi kataloge zirakomeye, zirakora ibintu byinshi, kandi zishobora gukora HDPE ifite ubucucike buri hagati kugeza kuri bwinshi kandi irwanya cyane ibidukikije. Ariko, imiterere ya polymer ishoboka ni mike cyane ugereranije na sisitemu za Ziegler-Natta, ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kugenzura uburemere bwa molekile. Impinduka mu mikorere—cyane cyane ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'ingano ya hydrogen—birakomeje gukoreshwa kugira ngo habeho ubwoko butandukanye bwa HDPE, nubwo bufite uburyo butandukanye bwo guhindura imiterere.
Imiterere y'imikorere muri reactor y'urubura—ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, no guhindagurika—bihindura imiterere y'uturemangingo. Ubushyuhe busanzwe buri hagati ya 85°C na 110°C, mu gihe umuvuduko uguma hagati ya 5 na 40 bar kugira ngo umuti ukomeze kuba mu gice cy'amazi kandi utume ethylene ishonga. Ubukana bw'uguhindagurika bigira ingaruka ku bunini bw'uturemangingo n'uburyo ibintu bingana, bikarinda gutuza no kwishyira hamwe. Gutunganya neza ibi bintu binoza imiterere y'uturemangingo twa polymer, biha agaciro ubucucike, imiterere, n'imiterere y'umubiri. Guhindura urugero rwa hydrogen bihindura uburebure bw'umunyururu bityo bigatuma resin ikomera kandi ikagira igipimo cy'umuvuduko ushonga. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukoreshwa hakoreshejwe simulation za molekile n'isesengura ry'ubushyuhe byemeza uruhare runini rw'ibi bipimo mu guhindura imiterere ya crystalline, guhindura imiterere ya lamellar, bityo bigagenzura imikorere ya mekanike.
Uburyo bwo gusya buracyari inzira ikoreshwa mu gukora HDPE ikomeye cyane. Ntabwo butanga umusaruro mwinshi gusa ahubwo bunatuma habaho kugenzura neza ubuziranenge binyuze mu guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukamura. Imiterere y’imashini ishobora guhindurwa neza, bigatuma HDPE ivamo ikwiriye imiyoboro y’umuvuduko (PE80, PE100), ibigega bya lisansi, n’ibikoresho byabumbwe. Ubuhanga bwo guhindura imiterere y’ibikoresho mu gutunganya imiterere y’ibintu butuma habaho imiterere y’ibikoresho ijyanye n’ibisabwa mu mategeko no mu mikorere. Hamwe n’iterambere mu gukora ibishushanyo mbonera by’imikorere no guhuza ibikoresho bipima mu buryo bwihuse—nk’ibipimo bya Lonnmeter by’ubucucike bw’ibice by ...
Incamake y'amashusho yerekana uburyo bushya bwo kunoza imikorere, imikorere ya catalyst, n'imikoranire hagati y'ibintu bihinduka mu mikorere n'imiterere ya HDPE bitangazwa cyane mu binyamakuru byasuzumwe n'urungano. Izi nyandiko zigaragaza uburyo inzira y'ubushyuhe ihagaze neza, uburyo bwo kwaguka, n'ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gukora amanota ya HDPE akomeye mu nganda ku rwego runini, bigaragaza ko ikomeje kwiganza mu nganda zikora polyethylene zigezweho.
Uruhare rw'ingenzi rwo gupima ubucucike bw'ibimera bya polyethylene mu gihe nyacyo
Gupima ubucucike bw'ibinure ni ingenzi mu gupima neza imiyoboro ya monomer, catalyst, na co-monomer mu gihe cyose cy'ibinure. Ihindagurika ry'ubucucike rishobora kugaragaza ko ibintu bikomeye bihindagurika, bigahungabanya uburyo polymerization ikora kandi bigatera kudahinduka. Kubungabunga ubucucike bw'ibinure bituma habaho gukosora vuba umuvuduko w'ibinure bya monomer n'ingano ya catalyst, bigatuma habaho uburinganire bwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa no gukoresha neza ibikoresho fatizo.
Ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ibikoresho no kudahungabana kw'imikorere. Ubucucike bwinshi bw'ibinyabiziga byongera ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga, byongera imitwaro y'ipompo kandi byongera ibyago byo kwangirika cyangwa kuziba kw'ibinyabutabire. Impinduka mu bucucike budagenzurwa zishobora gutera ahantu hashyuha cyane, ubushyuhe butaringaniye, ndetse amaherezo n'ingaruka mbi ku mikorere. Mu gukoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo kugenzura ubucucike—hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo mu murongo nka ultrasound slurry density meters byagenewe inganda nk'iza Lonnmeter—inganda zibona amakuru mbere y'igihe atuma habaho ingaruka mbere y'uko urwego rw'ingenzi rurengerwa. Iyi sano iri hagati y'amakuru y'ubucucike n'uburyo bwo kurinda imikorere ni ingenzi kugira ngo imikorere ikomeze mu buryo bwizewe kandi butagira ingaruka ku nganda zikora polyethylene.
Gupima ubucucike bw'ibice by'amazi mu gihe nyacyo nabyo bigira uruhare mu bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Ubucucike buhoraho butuma habaho kugenzura neza igipimo cy'amazi ashongeshejwe, ingano y'uduce, n'ibindi bintu bya polymeri ingenzi ku bipimo by'abakiriya. Gupima mu murongo bisimbura isuzuma n'igerageza risaba abakozi benshi, bigatanga ibitekerezo byihuse byo kuvanga no kurangiza. Ibi byihutisha inzira zo kurekura, bigabanya kwangwa, kandi bigabanya imyanda, byose bigabanura ikiguzi cy'umusaruro ku bigo bikora polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi n'ibindi bifitanye isano. Gutandukana mu bucucike bw'ibice by'amazi, iyo bifashwe hakiri kare n'ibipimo byabigenewe, bishobora gukosorwa mbere yo kugira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa bya nyuma, birinda umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa.
Ubuhanga mu gupima no kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibinure mu gihe cyose cyo gukora polyethylene bugerwaho hakoreshejwe ibisubizo bigezweho nka ultrasound slurry density metres. Ibi bikoresho ni byihuse, ntibitera ubukana, kandi bikwiriye imiterere mibi kandi ikabije iboneka mu ikorwa rya HDPE. Ibipimo bigezweho by'ubucucike—nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter—bitanga amakuru yizewe kandi ahoraho adafite imirasire, bigabanya imitwaro yo kubungabunga kandi bihuza n'intego z'ubuzima n'umutekano.
Gugenzura neza ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga ntibinoza gusa ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo ahubwo binazamura imikorere myiza kandi bikerekana ko imiterere ya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi ihuye n'ibikenewe ku isoko bikomeye. Gukurikirana buri gihe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'imyanda n'ingufu, bigatuza umusaruro, kandi bikongera inyungu mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Gukoresha tekiniki zo gupima ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga mu buryo nyabwo, zikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika, ni ikintu gikomeye mu guhatana no kuramba kw'inganda zikora polyethylene muri iki gihe.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubucucike bw'ibinure: Gukemura ibyo abantu bakeneye mu nganda zigezweho za polyethylene
Inganda zikora polyethylene zishingira ku gupima neza ubucucike bw'ibikomoka ku bimera kugira ngo zirebe ko umusaruro uhora umeze neza kandi zigakomeza gukora neza kandi mu mutekano. Hari uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwagaragaye bwo gukemura ibibazo byihariye by'uburyo ibimera bikoreshwa muri polyethylene, hamwe n'impinduka zihuse mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubucucike bw'ibinure, nko gupima intoki no gupima ubucucike bwa nuclear, bugira ingaruka mbi zikomeye. Gupima intoki bihura n'ibibazo byo gutinda gusubiza ibibazo no guhinduka bitewe n'uburyo ababikora babikora; ubuhanga bwa nuclear butera ingaruka mbi ku buzima n'umutekano, busaba kugenzura cyane, kandi ntibushobora guhinduka vuba mu mikorere. Izi mbogamizi zituma habaho ibisubizo bidakoreshwa mu buryo bwikora, bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, bitanga amakuru ashoboka kandi akorwa mu gihe nyacyo mu gihe cy'ikorwa rya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi.
Igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'ibinure bya Ultrasonic: Iterambere n'Ibyiza
Igipimo cy’ubucucike bw’urubura gikoreshwa mu gupima ubucucike bw’urubura gikoreshwa mu gupima ubucucike bw’urubura gikoreshwa mu gupima ubucucike bw’urubura nk’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Dukoresheje ihame ry’igihe cyo kuguruka, imiraba ya ultrasound yoherezwa mu rubura kandi igihe cyo kugenda gifitanye isano itaziguye n’ubucucike bw’urubura. Ubu buryo butanga imbaraga nyinshi zikomeye mu gukora polyethylene:
- Igikorwa kitabangamiye:Utwuma dupima ikirere twirinda gukorana n'urusenda, bigabanya cyane kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, ibyago byo kwandura, ndetse n'igihe cyo kubikora kitaragera.
- Ubunyangamugayo n'Ubwizerwe:Gutanga ibitekerezo mu gihe nyacyo no kubaka sensor ikomeye bitanga icyizere cyo kuba byizaaccountuburiganya 0.001g/ml, ndetse no mu bihe byo gukurura cyangwa gukungahaye ku tunyangingo aho sisitemu gakondo zikoral.
- Guhuza n'ibidukikije bibi:Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Ultrasonic bihangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubwiyongere bw'ibinyabutabire, ndetse n'uburyo bwo kwangirika busanzwe mu byuma bitunganya polymer.
- Igenzura ry’imikorere rihoraho:Ikoranabuhanga rishyigikira uburyo bwo guhindura ibipimo by’imikorere mu buryo bwikora, rikorohereza imikorere ihamye ya reactor ndetse n’ubwiza bwa polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi.
Guhuza ibyuma hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasonic birushaho kongera ibi bipimo; gutandukanya ibice n'imbaraga zo gukata ibintu mu buryo bukomeye muri icyo gikorwa bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ibice no guhuza neza, bikongera ubwizerwe mu gupima no gukora neza mu buryo bwa polymer. Mu bikorwa bifatika, ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa ultrasound bihita bimenya impinduka z'ibyiciro n'impinduka mu iterambere ry'urusobe rwa polymer, bigatuma habaho igikorwa cyo gukosora ako kanya kugira ngo ibicuruzwa n'imikorere birusheho kunozwa.
Ibisubizo by'Ubucucike bwihariye ku Bidukikije Bigoye bya Reactor
Ahantu hose hakorerwa polyethylene si ko hameze kimwe. Imashini zikora ibyuma bipima ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga akenshi zisaba ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga byihariye kugira ngo zihangane n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikoresho byihuse, guhindagura gukomeye, no guhindagurika cyane k'ubushyuhe. Abakora ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga byihariye basubijeho udushya nko gupima ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amazi nk'icyitegererezo. Iyi miterere irinda kwangirika kandi igatuma habaho ubuziranenge buri hagati y'ibikorwa bidasukuye cyane.
Izindi nzira nshya zikoreshwa mu gupima zikoresha amahame yo gupima adahuye n'aho ibintu biherereye, nka tomography ya magnetic induction, ikoresha electrodes annular na coils nyinshi kugira ngo imenye ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye mu duce duto tw'amazi. Ubu buryo butanga uburyo bukomeye bwo gupima neza (bwemejwe binyuze mu bushakashatsi bw'igerageza) kandi bwakozwe kugira ngo bushyirwe mu nganda zikora polyethylene za kera nta guhagarara gukomeye cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu bikorwa remezo.
Ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’ibinyabiziga byihariye bitangwa n’ibigo by’inzobere nabyo bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo guhindagura no gukurura icyuma gitanga ingufu. Ibintu nk’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo sensor modular hamwe no gutunganya ibimenyetso bigezweho byongera ubushobozi bwo gupima, byongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho, kandi byoroshya isuku isanzwe.
Guhuza ikoranabuhanga ry'ubucucike bw'ibinure n'igenzura ry'imikorere rigezweho
Mu nganda zo muri iki gihe, ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’ibinyabutabire byiza cyane, cyane cyane ibikoresho bya ultrasonic, birushaho gukora nk'ibice by'ingenzi muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikorwa bigezweho (APC). Guhuza amakuru y’ubucucike bw’ibinyabutabire mu gihe nyacyo na porogaramu zikora ku buryo bwikora bitanga inyungu nyinshi:
- Uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere:Guhindura ibipimo byikora bigabanya uburyo bwo gukoresha intoki, bikarinda impinduka zitunguranye z’ubucucike no gutuma imikorere ya reactor ihamye.
- Kunoza uburinganire bw'ibicuruzwa:Uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo bushingiye ku gusesengura neza kandi buri gihe bufasha kubungabunga imiterere ya resin mu byiciro bitandukanye.
- Umurimo utekanye kandi wita ku bidukikije:Ibisubizo bya Ultrasonic bikuraho amasoko y'imirasire, bihuza n'amahame agezweho yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, umutekano, n'ubudahangarwa.
- Ikiguzi n'Imikoreshereze Iboneye:Kubera ko hari imikorere mike yo gupima no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byanduye, ibipimo bigezweho by’ubucucike bigabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere kandi birinda igihe cyo kuruhuka kitateganijwe.
Ubushobozi bwo guhuza porogaramu, imikorere yo gupima neza, hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhuza sensor modular—bikunze gukoreshwa mu gupima ubucucike bw'ibinyabutabire bitangwa na Lonnmeter n'abandi bakora ibikoresho byihariye—byoroshya ivugurura n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Ibi biranga tekiniki byemeza ko bihuza neza na sisitemu zo kugenzura zikwirakwizwa, bigashyigikira uburyo bwo kunoza amakuru mu gihe cyose cyo gukora polyethylene.
Ongeraho kandi kuramba kw'ibikoresho bya sensor no kwihanganira ihererekanya ry'ibimenyetso mu bihe bikomeye by'imikorere, kandi ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gupima ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga rigera ku ntego zose zigezweho zo kugenzura ireme ry'ibikoresho mu buryo bugezweho no kugenzura ibikorwa mu mikorere ya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi.
Guhindura no Guhitamo Ibipimo by'Ubucucike bw'Ibimera: Gukemura Ibibazo Bijyanye n'Ibimera
Gupima ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa mu buryo buhoraho mu ikorwa rya polyethylene. Imikorere y'icyuma gipima ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga igena uburyo bwo kugenzura, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, n'ibipimo by'umusaruro mu ruganda rukora polyethylene. Ariko, imiterere ihindagurika muri polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) n'izindi sisitemu za polyethylene zisaba ko ibipimo bihuzwa n'imikorere ya buri ruganda.
Impamvu Ibipimo by'Imikorere Bisaba Ibisubizo Bidasanzwe
Impinduka z'ingenzi mu mikorere—uburyo monomer inyuramo, imiterere n'umuvuduko w'ibiryo bya catalyst, hamwe n'ingano ya reactor—bihindura cyane imikorere y'urusobe rw'amazi. Uburyo monomer inyuramo bwinshi bushobora kongera umutwaro ukomeye, guhindura imikorere y'urusobe rw'amazi, kandi bukagira ingaruka ku mikoranire iri hagati y'uduce duto twa catalyst, monomer, n'imiyoboro ya polymer ikura. Uku guhinduka kw'imiterere y'urusobe rw'amazi kugaragarira mu mpinduka z'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo, icyuma gipima ubucucike cyashyizweho neza gusa ni cyo gishobora gufata.
Guhitamo katalisiti no gushyira imbaraga mu miterere y’uturemangingo. Urugero, katalisiti zishingiye kuri silica zitanga ingano n’ubwiyongere butandukanye bw’uturemangingo n’ubwiyongere bw’uturemangingo ugereranyije n’izishingiye ku zindi nkunga. Impinduka nk’izo zishobora gutuma habaho uduce dutandukanye cyane tw’uburemere, imikorere y’amazi, n’uburyo bwo gukurura sensor. Iyo gupima cyangwa ikoranabuhanga bitabareba, amakosa akomeye yo gupima ubucucike ashobora kubaho, bigatera ingaruka mbi ku bicuruzwa bitari mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa ndetse n’imikorere.
Igipimo cya reactor gitera izindi ngorane. Imashini nini zikoreshwa mu gutunganya HDPE zirimo amazi atari aya Newtonian, akenshi atandukanye. Gucomeka, guteranya, n'itandukaniro ry'aho hantu mu gukwirakwiza amazi akomeye bisaba ibikoresho bikomeye byo kugenzura ibipimo ndetse n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura. Igikoresho gisanzwe, "kidakoreshwa ku gikoresho" gikunze gukora nabi muri ubu buryo, bigatuma hakenerwa icyuma gipima ubucucike bw'ibipimo cyakozwe ku buryo bwihariye hakurikijwe ibisabwa byihariye by'uruganda mu gutunganya ibipimo bya polyethylene.
Ibintu by'ingenzi mu gushushanya icyuma gipima imiterere yihariye
Igipimo cy’ubucucike bw’ibinure cyihariye gikunze gukoresha ibikoresho bidatera ubucucike kandi birwanya ubucucike—ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasonic rirakunze kugaragara bitewe n’uko rihoraho mu bidukikije bikomeye. Aho ibikubiye mu bintu bikomeye n’uburyo binyuramo bihinduka cyane, nko muri HDPE cyangwa izindi mashini zikora polyethylene, ibipimo bigezweho bihuza ibice bishyirwa ku ruhande kugira ngo bigabanye ubucucike no koroshya kwisukura buri gihe.
Ibipimo bigomba gupimwa neza kugira ngo birebe imiterere y’uduce, ingano y’uburemere bw’ibintu bikomeye, n’ubushyuhe bw’ibikorwa. Gushyiramo uburyo bwo gusubiramo amakuru mu buryo bwikora, kimwe n’uburyo bwo kurebera hamwe amazi, byongera icyizere cy’amakuru. Ibi bintu bituma iki gipimo gishobora guhinduka bitewe n’impinduka z’igihe gito n’izihoraho, bigatuma isesengura rihoraho kandi riboneye nubwo imiterere y’ibice by’amazi ihinduka.
Gushyiraho icyuma gipima amazi nabyo ni ingenzi cyane; gushyira ahantu heza hatuma amazi anyura, birinda ahantu hatemba amazi cyangwa ahantu hatagira umuvuduko mwinshi. Ikorwa rya polyethylene mu buryo bufatika ryungukira mu gushyira icyuma gipima amazi ahantu hafite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi hangana, ibyo bigabanya gutinda gupima no gukora amakosa bitewe n’aho hantu hahurira abantu benshi.
Guhitamo Umukozi Ukora Igipimo cy'Ubucucike bw'Ubucucike bw'Uburyo Bwite
Guhitamo uruganda rukora icyuma gipima ubucucike bw'ibinure ni ingenzi kimwe no guhitamo igishushanyo gikwiye. Ibipimo bine by'ingenzi ni ingenzi:
Inkunga ya tekiniki:Ubufasha bukenewe kandi bw’ubuhanga mu gushyiraho, gushyira no kubungabunga ibyuma bipima amashanyarazi mu bidukikije birimo amashanyarazi menshi. Umutanga serivisi agomba kugaragaza ubuhanga mu gukorana n’ibice bya polyethylene, agatanga ubuyobozi mu gupima ibyuma bipima amashanyarazi no kubikoresha igihe kirekire.
Inkuru y'indirimbo yemejwe:Inganda nka Lonnmeter zifite amateka yo gutanga ibipimo byizewe kandi by’ubucucike ku bakiriya b’inganda zigomba gushyirwa imbere. Ingero n’inyigo zivuye mu nganda zisa na polyethylene ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ari ingenzi.
Guhuza n'imimerere:Umufatanyabikorwa agomba gutanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gusesengura: ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gupima (ultrasonic, bypass, direct immersion), urwego rwo gupima, ibikoresho birwanya ibitero bya chemical/catalyst, no guhuza na geometries z'imigezi zikomoka ku bimera.
Guhuza na sisitemu z'ikoranabuhanga:Nubwo abakora ibipimo badatanga sisitemu zuzuye za digitale, imiterere y’amakuru agomba guhuzwa n’imikorere y’uruganda—ingero zirimo imikoreshereze ikomeye ya analog, HART, cyangwa Modbus, byoroshya uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura ibikorwa mu buryo buboneye kandi bunoze.
Isosiyete ikomeye ipima ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga izafasha kandi guhindura gahunda zo kubungabunga, ingendo zo gusukura, na gahunda zo gupima imiterere y'ibinyabiziga bijyanye n'imikorere y'inganda, bigaragaza ibisabwa mu gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo mu ikorwa rya polyethylene. Ibi byemeza ko ibinyabiziga bikomeza kuba ibyizerwa—byaba ibipima ubucucike mu bushakashatsi bw'igerageza cyangwa uruganda rwuzuye kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora polyethylene.
Gushora imari mu gipimo cy’ubucucike bw’ibinure byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye ni ngombwa mu buhanga, ntabwo ari ikintu cy’akataraboneka, mu nganda zigezweho za polyethylene. Guhitamo neza ibipimo no kuvugurura ni ingenzi mu kongera umusaruro, kugenzura ubucucike bw’ibinure mu musaruro wa polyethylene ufite ubucucike bwinshi, no kugera ku buhanga bwiza mu mikorere mu ruganda.
Ingaruka zo kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibinure ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi
Gupima ubucucike bw'ibinure mu buryo bugezweho ni ingenzi mu gukora polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) ifite amanota yihariye n'uburemere buhamye bwa molekile. Mu gihe cyo gukora polyethylene, ubwinshi n'ikwirakwizwa ry'uduce tw'ibinure bya polymer mu rurenda rw'ibinure bifitanye isano itaziguye no gushinga no gukura kw'iminyururu ya polymer. Kugumana ubu bucucike mu mbibi zikomeye bituma polymerization ikomeza ku gipimo gigenzurwa, bigatuma habaho gukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekile (MWD) byifuzwa, ari na byo bigena imiterere y'ikoreshwa ryayo no kubahiriza ibisabwa.
Ihindagurika ry’ubucucike bw’ibinure rigira ingaruka ku miterere ya polima ndetse no ku miterere ya molekile. Ubucucike bwinshi bw’ibinure bukunze gutanga uduce twa HDPE hamwe no kugabanuka kw’ububyimba no gupfunyika, bigatanga resins zifite imiterere ihamye y’uduce hamwe na MWD nziza yo gukora neza mu ikoranabuhanga. Amakuru agezweho y’igerageza aturuka mu nganda zikora polyethylene yemeza ko kugenzura ubucucike bw’ibinure mu buryo nyabwo bigabanya cyane ikwirakwira ry’ibicuruzwa, bigagabanya umusaruro wa resins utari uwa spec kandi bikongera uburinganire bw’ibicuruzwa. Gupima mu murongo, cyane cyane hakoreshejwe ibyuma bipima ubucucike bw’ibinure bya ultrasonic, bituma uru rwego rwo gukora neza hatabayeho gupima intoki, bityo bikazamura icyizere cy’imikorere n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa.
Kugenzura neza ubucucike bw'ibinure bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku miterere myinshi y'ingenzi ya HDPE:
- Imbaraga:Uduce twa polymer twakozwe munsi y’ubucucike bw’urutare rudahindagurika tugaragaza ingaruka nyinshi n’imbaraga zo gukurura. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bikorwa nko gukoresha imiyoboro y’inganda n’ibice bifite igitutu, aho kwangirika kw’ibicuruzwa bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano no ku bukungu.
- Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu:Imiterere y’imiterere y’amaraso—ingenzi mu gusohora cyangwa gukurura—igengwa n’imiterere mito ya resin, ubwayo ikaba ari yo mpamvu ituma ubucucike bw’amazi bugenzurwa kandi bugacungwa. Imiterere y’amazi adahindagurika ituma habaho polymer zifite ibipimo by’amazi ashongeshejwe (MFI), bigabanya ibyago byo kudakora neza mu nganda zikora amazi.
- Iyubahirizwa ry'ibipimo ngenderwaho:Amahame ngenderwaho nka ASTM D3350 ashyiraho ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo habeho imbaraga, ubukomere, n'uburemere bwa molekile. Ibi bikorwa buri gihe iyo kugenzura ubucucike bikomeje kandi neza, ibyo bikaba bishobozwa na ultrasound density meters igezweho.
Ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu mikorere mu nganda zikora polyethylene ni umusaruro uhindagurika—ushobora guhindura vuba ibiciro bitandukanye bya resin ya HDPE nta gihe kinini cyo gukora cyangwa gupfusha ubusa. Aha, kwizera no kwihuta kw'igenzura ry'ubucucike bw'ibinure ni byo bishyigikira ubushyuhe. Mu kugenzura neza no guhindura imiterere y'ubucucike, abakora bashobora guhindura uburemere bwa molekile na MWD kugira ngo bakore ibiciro byagenewe ikoreshwa ritandukanye, kuva kuri geomembranes kugeza ku mipfundikizo y'amacupa. Iyi sano iri hagati yo gupima ubucucike no guhindura ibiciro bishyigikira udushya mu nganda, bigatuma inganda zibasha guhaza ibyifuzo bikomeye by'isoko mu gihe zigenzura ikoreshwa ry'umutungo n'ikiguzi.
Lonnmeter, nk'uruganda rukora ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'ibice by'ubucucike (rukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasonic), rutanga ubufasha mu gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo, rukoresheje ibikoresho bikomeye, bidafite umutekano, kandi bidasaba kubungabungwa byagenewe ahantu hakomeye hakoreshwa ibice by'ubucucike bwa polyethylene. Kuba ibipimo nk'ibyo byizewe kandi bifite ubunyangamugayo bituma inganda zigira akamaro ko kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibice by'ubucucike—bitanga amanota ya polymer ahora yujuje ibisabwa mu nganda no mu mikoreshereze yabyo.
Guhuza Igipimo cy'Ubucucike mu Gutunganya Imikorere
Guhuza ubucucike bw'urubura mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo mu byuma bipima urubura ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo gukora polyethylene. Amakuru ahoraho kandi nyayo ku bucucike bw'urubura atuma habaho guhuza n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa, harimo uburyo bwo kugenzura mbere y'igihe (MPC), imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'ubukorano, n'ingamba zishingiye kuri PID. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku bitekerezo bihita bitangwa n'ibikoresho biri ku murongo nka ultrasound slurry density meters, bitanga uburyo bwo gukurikirana neza ubucucike bw'urubura mu byuma bipima urubura no mu miyoboro.
Gukora polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi bisaba kugenzura neza ubucucike bw'ibinure kugira ngo habeho ireme rya polymer rihoraho, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'impinduka mu byiciro no mu gihe ibiribwa bihindagurika. Algorithm zo kugenzura zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zisobanura ibipimo by'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo zihindure ibipimo by'imikorere (urujya n'uruza rwa monomer, umuvuduko wa agitator, ubushyuhe) mu masegonda make, bigabanya igihe cyo gutinda kuboneka mu isuzuma ritari kuri interineti cyangwa mu gihe cyatinze. Sisitemu zigezweho, zikoresha amakuru aturuka ku bikoresho nka Lonnmeter inline ultrasonic slurry density meters, zihindura uburyo bwo gusubiza kugira ngo zigabanye itandukaniro hagati y'aho zigenewe. Urugero, abagenzuzi ba Smith fuzzy PID banonosowe na algorithm za genetique bagaragaje ko igihe cyo gusubiza cyagabanutseho 35.9% kandi ko umutekano wihutaho 36.6% ugereranije n'abagenzuzi ba PID basanzwe, binoza uburyo bwo guhangana n'imikorere no guhuza ibicuruzwa.
Gugenzura neza ubucucike bw'ibitaka binashyigikira iterambere rigaragara mu mikorere myiza no mu mikoreshereze y'ibikoresho. Mu kugabanya ukwiyongera kw'ubucucike:
- Ingufu zikora neza vuba nyuma y’imvururu.
- Umusaruro wa polymer uriyongera bitewe n'uko hari umubare muto w'ibikoresho bitari ibya polymer.
- Ingufu zisesagura ziragabanuka, kuko ubushyuhe, ihindagurika ry’ibiryo cyangwa ibiryo bigabanuka.
Urugero, mu buryo bwo kugenzura ibintu mbere y’igihe, guhuza amakuru ajyanye n’ubucucike bw’urubura rw’amashanyarazi (ultra-ultrasonic slurry density) byagaragaje ko byongera ubushobozi bw’urubura rw’amashanyarazi mu guhindura imiterere y’urubura rw’amashanyarazi mu buryo bworoshye, hadakoreshejwe neza ethylene na catalyst. Ubucucike bw’urubura bw’urubura kandi butuma habaho ikoreshwa ryiza rya compressors na pompe, bigagabanya ingufu zikoreshwa kuri toni imwe ya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi ikorwa.
Ingaruka zabyo ziyongera ku kuzigama ikiguzi no gucunga ingaruka. Gutanga ibitekerezo ku gihe nyacyo bigabanya amahirwe yo gukora ibintu bitari ngombwa, bigagabanya ivugurura rihenze nyuma yo gukora ibintu n'imyanda y'ibikoresho fatizo. Gutahura hakiri kare ibintu bidasanzwe—nk'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe, kwiyongera k'ubucucike, cyangwa gufunga pompe—bituma habaho uburyo bwihuse bwo gukora, bigabanura igihe kitateganijwe cyo gukora ibintu n'ibyago byo guhindagurika kw'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Inyigo zo kwigana ku mashini zikora ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ku rwego rw'inganda zishyigikira ibi byavumbuwe: gukurikirana bikomeye kandi bihoraho byatumye habaho kugabanuka gushoboka kw'ibintu bishobora gutera ingaruka ku bikorwa n'ibikorwa bitateganyijwe, byemeza agaciro k'ibitekerezo ku gihe nyacyo kugira ngo uruganda rukore neza kandi rwizewe.
Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ubusugire bw'ubutaka, gupima ubucucike bw'ubutaka burimo urubura bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya imyanda no kuyikoresha neza. Kugenzura mu buryo buhoraho bituma ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa biva mu ruganda rukora polyethylene, bigabanyiriza ingano y'imyanda ndetse n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Gukoresha ubushyuhe n'imitako y'amazi nabyo biranozwa, bishyigikira intego zagutse zo gukora polymer mu buryo burambye.
Ibisubizo biri ku murongo, nka Lonnmeter custom slurry density metres, bitanga ibikenewe mu gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bukenewe mu miterere itandukanye ya reactor n’urwego rw’imikorere. Uko imikorere myiza, ubwizerwe, no kuramba biba ingenzi mu gukora polymer, guhuza uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura ubucucike bw’slurry nk’inkingi ikomeye yo gukora polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi kandi ihangana kandi ihamye.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Ni ibihe bikenewe mu gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo mu ikorwa rya polyethylene yo mu nzira y'urutare?
Gupima ubucucike bw'ibintu mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi mu nzira yo gucukura ibintu mu rwego rwo kugenzura imiterere y'ibikoresho bya reaktari no kwemeza ko ibintu bihuye neza mu buryo bwo gukora polyethylene. Gupima buri gihe bituma habaho ibisubizo byihuse no guhindura vuba, ibipimo nk'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye n'ikigero cy'amazi ashongeshejwe (MFI). Uku kugenzura ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga imiterere nyayo y'ibicuruzwa, kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'ibintu, no kugabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho fatizo. Hatabayeho amakuru nyayo, laboratwari ntishobora gutanga ubumenyi ku gihe, bigatuma habaho ibyago byinshi byo guhindagurika kw'ibikorwa no kudakora neza. Kumenya hakiri kare ubucucike bw'ibintu mu gihe nyacyo bifasha gukumira kwandura no kuziba kw'ibikoresho bya reaktari, bigatuma inzira ikomeza kuba nziza kandi idahungabana. Mu gukora polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi, ibi bipimo ni ingenzi mu gutanga ibicuruzwa bimwe mu bikorwa bigoye nko gupakira no gupakira.
Ni gute icyuma gipima ubucucike bw'ibinure cyongera imikorere y'ikorwa rya polyethylene?
Igipimo cy’ubucucike bw’ibinyabiziga gitanga uburyo buhoraho bwo kugenzura ubucucike bw’ibinyabiziga bya rektora. Ibi bituma abakora ibikoresho bashobora kunoza uburyo bwo gupima ibinyabiziga bya catalyst na monomer hashingiwe ku buryo bufatika, bigatuma habaho imiterere y’uduce twa polymeri kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kuboneka kw’ibikoresho bitari ibya specific. Gupima neza ibinyabiziga bigabanya imyanda y’ibinyabiziga kandi bikongera igipimo cyo guhindura ibintu. Abakora ibikoresho kandi bamenya impinduka mu mikorere ya rektora mbere y’uko ibintu bikomeye bihinduka, bigatuma habaho kubungabunga no guhindura ibintu. Urugero, gupima ubucucike bw’ibinyabiziga bizamuka bishobora kwerekana ko uduce twiteranyije, bigatuma habaho ingamba zo kwirinda kwanduza rektora. Amakuru ahoraho aturuka kuri rektora yizewe ntabwo ashyigikira gusa imikorere myiza ahubwo anashyigikira iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko binyuze mu gukomeza gukorera mu mucyo no gukurikirana ibintu.
Kuki wahitamo icyuma gipima ubucucike bw'ibinure cya ultrasonic kugira ngo ukore polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi?
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi bikoresha imiraba y'urusaku mu gupima ubucucike, bigabanya ibibazo bifitanye isano n'ibipimo gakondo bya kirimbuzi. Ibi bipimo bikora bidateye ubwoba, bigabanya kwangirika kw'imashini kandi bigakuraho ibyago byo kwangirika. Mu bipimo bya HDPE—akenshi biba birimo ubucucike bwinshi kandi bikoresha imiti—ibipimo by'amazi bigumana ubuziranenge n'ituze mu gihe kirekire. Ubudahangarwa bwabyo ku bitero bya shimi no kubura ibice bigenda bivamo ibikenewe bike byo kubungabunga. Ibipimo by'igihe nyacyo, bidatemba ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa birusheho kunozwa, bigatuma hakorwa ibishoboka byihuse. Ibipimo by'amazi bishyigikira kandi intego z'ibidukikije n'umutekano mu kwirinda amasoko ya radiyo, kugabanya imitwaro yo kubahiriza amategeko, no guhuza n'amahame ya ESG.
Ni ryari icyuma gipima ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga gikenewe, kandi ni gute nahitamo igikoresho gikwiye?
Igipimo cy’ubucucike bw’ibinyabiziga cyihariye kirakenewe iyo ibikoresho bisanzwe bidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu buryo runaka—nk’umuvuduko udasanzwe, imiterere y’ibinyabiziga bidasanzwe, cyangwa ibikoresho bipima ibinyabiziga bishya. Muri ibi bihe, ibisubizo by’ibipimo byihariye bikemura ibibazo byihariye byo guhuza cyangwa ibidukikije, bitanga amakuru nyayo kandi yizewe nubwo uburyo bugoye. Mu guhitamo uruganda, shyira imbere ubuhanga mu bya tekiniki mu nganda zikora polyethylene, ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima rihamye, n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibipimo bihuza neza n’uburyo bwawe bwo kugenzura buriho. Lonnmeter, yibanda gusa ku bikoresho bya metero aho kwibanda kuri sisitemu cyangwa porogaramu, ni urugero rw’ubu buryo bwihariye, itanga ibisubizo bya mudasobwa byagenewe porogaramu zisaba polimeri. Tekereza ku kubungabunga igihe kirekire, ibikenewe mu gupima, no guhuza n’imiterere y’imikorere ihinduka mu gihe usuzuma abatanga serivisi bashobora kuba batanga ibicuruzwa.
Ni iki gitandukanya polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi ikorwa binyuze mu nzira yo gusya?
Polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi iva mu nzira y'ibice by ...
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 17-2025
