Uburyo bwa Mannheim bwo gukora Potasiyumu Sulfate (K2SO4)

Uburyo bwa Mannheim bwo gukora Potasiyumu Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Umusaruro

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukora Potasiyumu Sulfate

Inzira ya Mannheim is inzira y'inganda yo gukora K2SO4,Uburyo bwo kubora hagati ya 98% by'aside sulfuriki na potassium chloride ku bushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na aside hydrochloric nk'umusaruro. Intambwe zihariye zirimo kuvanga potassium chloride na aside sulfuriki no kubihuza ku bushyuhe bwinshi bigatuma habaho potassium sulfate na hydrochloric acid.

Guhindura kristalosgusenyaikora sulfate ya potasiyumu binyuze mu gukaranga ibikomoka ku bimera nk'ibishishwa by'imbuto n'ivu, hanyuma bigakurikirwa n'gukurura, kuyungurura, gushyira hamwe, gutandukanya centrifugal no kumisha kugira ngo haboneke potasiyumu sulfate.

Igisubizo cyaPotasiyumu Chloridenaaside sulfuriki ku bushyuhe bwihariye mu gipimo runaka ni ubundi buryo bwo kubona sulfate ya potasiyumu.Intambwe zihariye zirimo gushonga potassium chloride mu mazi ashyushye, kongeramo aside sulfurike kugira ngo habeho impinduka, hanyuma bigahinduka crystallize kuri 100–140°C, hagakurikiraho gutandukana, gucikamo ibice, no kuma kugira ngo haboneke potassium sulfate.

Ibyiza bya Mannheim Potasiyumu Sulfate

Uburyo bwa Mennheim ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo gukora sulfate ya potasiyumu mu mahanga. Uburyo bwizewe kandi bugezweho butanga sulfate ya potasiyumu yiganjemo amazi menshi. Umuti wa aside idakomeye ukwiriye ubutaka bwa alkaline.

Amahame y'umusaruro

Uburyo bwo Gusubiza:

1. Aside sulfuriki na koloride ya potasiyumu bipimwa mu buryo bungana kandi bigashyirwa mu cyumba cy’urumuri rw’ifaranga rya Mannheim, aho bikora kugira ngo bikore solute ya potasiyumu na koloride ya hydrogen.

2. Igisubizo kibaho mu ntambwe ebyiri:

i. Intambwe ya mbere ni exothermic kandi ibaho ku bushyuhe buri hasi.

ii. Intambwe ya kabiri irimo guhindura potasiyumu bisulfate muri potasiyumu sulfate, ifite imbaraga zo mu mubiri.

Kugenzura ubushyuhe:

1. Indwara igomba kuba ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 268°C, aho urwego rwiza ari 500-600°C kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza hatabayeho kubora cyane kwa aside sulfure.

2. Mu musaruro nyawo, ubushyuhe bw'impinduka bugenzurwa hagati ya 510-530°C kugira ngo habeho ituze n'imikorere myiza.

Imikoreshereze y'ubushyuhe:

1. Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu buterwa n'umwuka ushyushye cyane, busaba ubushyuhe buhoraho buturuka ku gutwika gaze karemano.

2. Hafi 44% by'ubushyuhe bw'itanura butakaza bunyuze mu nkuta, 40% bitwarwa n'imyuka isohora umwotsi, naho 16% gusa ni byo bikoreshwa mu gukora ibizamini nyabyo.

Ingingo z'ingenzi za gahunda ya Mannheim

ItanuraUbugari ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu gutuma ubushobozi bwo gukora burushaho kuba bwiza. Amatanura manini ku isi afite umurambararo wa metero 6.Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bwo gutwara imodoka bwizewe ni garanti y'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu buri gihe kandi buhamye.Ibikoresho bihumeka bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, aside ikomeye, kandi bigatanga ubushyuhe bwiza. Ibikoresho byo gukangura bigomba kuba birwanya ubushyuhe, ingese, no kwangirika.

Ubwiza bwa gaze ya Hydrogen Chloride:

1. Gukomeza gushyira umwuka mu cyumba cy’ibinyabutabire bituma umwuka n’imyuka bitagira ingano ya hydrogen chloride.

2. Gufunga no gukoresha neza bishobora kugera ku gipimo cya HCl cya 50% cyangwa kirenze.

Ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho fatizo:

1.Potasiyumu Chloride:Igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa byihariye by’ubushuhe, ingano y’uduce, n’ingano ya oxide ya potasiyumu kugira ngo ikore neza.

2.Aside ya Sulfurike:Bisaba icyitegererezo cya 99% ku buziranenge n'uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo buhoraho.

Kugenzura ubushyuhe:

1.Icyumba cyo Gusubizamo (510-530°C):Bituma habaho igisubizo cyuzuye.

2.Icyumba cyo gutwika:Ihuza uburyo gazi karemano zinjira mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo zitwikwe neza.

3.Ubushyuhe bwa gaze y'umurizo:Igenzurwa kugira ngo hirindwe kuziba kw'imyotsi isohora umwuka no kwemeza ko imyuka ifata neza.

Imikorere y'Ibikorwa

• Igisubizo:Potasiyumu kloride na aside sulfurike bikomeza gushyirwa mu cyumba cy’ibisubizo. Sulfate ya potasiyumu ivamo irasohoka, ikonjeshwa, igapimwa, hanyuma igashyirwamo okiside kalisiyumu mbere yo gupakira.
• Gucunga ibicuruzwa bivuye ku bicuruzwa:
  • Gazi ya hydrogène chloride ishyushye cyane ikonjeshwa kandi igasukurwa binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusukura no gukoresha iminara yo kwinjizamo kugira ngo ikore aside hydrochloric yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (31-37% HCl).
  • Imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikoreshwa mu gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kugira ngo ihuze n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibidukikije.

Imbogamizi n'Iterambere

1. Gutakaza ubushyuhe:Ubushyuhe bwinshi buragabanuka binyuze mu myuka isohora umwotsi n'inkuta z'itanura, bigaragaza ko hakenewe uburyo bwo kuvugurura uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe.
2. Ingese y'ibikoresho:Iyi gahunda ikora mu gihe hari ubushyuhe bwinshi n'aside nyinshi, bigatuma habaho imbogamizi zo kwangirika no kubungabunga.
3. Ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kuri aside ya hydrochloric:Isoko rya aside hydrochloric rishobora kuba ryuzuye, bigasaba ubushakashatsi ku buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha cyangwa uburyo bwo kugabanya umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku bimera.

Uburyo bwo gukora Mannheim potassium sulfate bugizwe n'ubwoko bubiri bw'imyanda iva mu mwuka: imyuka ituruka mu gutwika iva mu mwuka karemano n'imyuka ya hydrogen chloride.

Imoshi isohora umuriro:

Ubushyuhe bw'imyotsi isohora umuriro muri rusange buri hafi ya 450°C. Ubu bushyuhe bwoherezwa binyuze mu cyuma gisubiza umwuka mu kirere mbere yo gusohoka. Ariko, ndetse na nyuma yo guhinduranya ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwa gazi isohora umwuka buguma kuri 160°C, kandi ubu bushyuhe busigaye burekurwa mu kirere.

Impinduramatwara ya Hydrogen Chloride Gas:

Gazi ya hydrogène chloride irasukwa mu munara wo koza aside sulfurike, ikayinjizwa mu cyuma gifata filime igwa, hanyuma igasukurwa mu munara wo koza umwotsi mbere yo kuyisohora. Ubu buryo butanga aside hydrochloric 31%, muri icyo hejurukwiyongera kw'ibyuka bishobora gutera imyuka ihumanyantabwo bigeze kuriamahame kandi bigatera ikintu cyo "gukurura umurizo" mu mwuka usohoka.Bityo rero, mu gihe nyacyoaside hidrokloriki gupima ubucucike ihinduka ingenzi mu musaruro.

Ingamba zikurikira zishobora gufatwa kugira ngo habeho ingaruka nziza:

Gabanya aside nyinshi: Gabanya aside nyinshi mu gihe cyo kuyikuramohamwe naigipimo cy'ubucucike bw'umurongo kugira ngo habeho igenzura ryimbitse.

Ongera ingano y'amazi azenguruka: Ongera uruziga rw'amazi mu cyuma gifata amazi kugira ngo wongere imikorere myiza yo kuyakuramo.

Gabanya umutwaro ku munara wo gusukura imyuka ihumanya: Kunoza ibikorwa kugira ngo ugabanye umutwaro ku buryo bwo gusukura.

Binyuze muri izi mpinduka n'imikorere myiza uko igihe kigenda gihita, ikibazo cyo gukurura umurizo gishobora gukurwaho, bigatuma imyuka ihumanya ikirere yujuje ibisabwa.