Lubricant Viscosity Measurement in Manufacturing and Blending

Amavuta yo kwisiga akoreshwa mu nganda nini nko mu nganda z'imodoka, mu bucuruzi, mu myenda, mu bikorwaremezo, mu buhinzi, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no mu gucukura peteroli kubera imikorere myiza mu kurwanya kwangirika, gusya no kurwanya ingese. Ibibazo byo guhindagurika kw'amazi nko kuba menshi cyane cyangwa make cyane bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho no kongera ikiguzi cyo kubibungabunga. Reba ibisobanuro birambuye ukoresheje Lonnmeter shaka ibisubizo byiza byo gupima neza ubushyuhe mu buryo buhoraho mu kuvanga amavuta cyangwa mu gukora. Kurikiza uko ibintu bigenda mu nganda.

Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe (VI) cy'amavuta yo kwisiga ni iki?

Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe (VI) ni igipimo cy'ingenzi kigaragaza ubushobozi bw'amavuta yo kubungabunga ubushyuhe buhamye mu bushyuhe butandukanye, umwihariko w'ingenzi mu kwemeza imikorere yizewe mu bihe bitandukanye by'imikorere. Ishusho ya VI iri hejuru igaragaza impinduka ntoya z'ubushyuhe hamwe n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, bigatuma biba byiza ku bikorwa nka sisitemu za hydraulic cyangwa moteri zihura n'ikirere kibi cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, amavuta ya VI ari make agira impinduka zikomeye z'ubushyuhe, bishobora kwangiza imikorere. Urugero, amavuta asanzwe y'ubutare akunze kugira VI ya 95-100, mu gihe amavuta y'ubutare atunganyijwe cyane agera kuri 120, kandi amavuta y'ubutare ashobora kugera kuri VI irenga 250.

Ibisobanuro ku isoko n'ibikoreshwa mu nganda

Ubwoko bwose bw'amavuta yo kwisiga bugomba gutanga umusaruro uhoraho ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye cyane. Uburyo bwo gukora amavuta yo kwisiga burimo igitutu cyiyongera kugira ngo yuzuze amahame y'ubuziranenge, bitewe no kwiyongera kw'abakenera ibicuruzwa byihariye ndetse n'igihe gito cyo kubitanga.

Uburyo bwo kuvanga amavuta no kuyasiga bushingiye cyane ku kugenzura neza ubucucike bw'amavuta yo kwisiga n'ubucucike kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bibe byizerwa. Amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubucucike bwinshi ni meza mu gukoresha ibintu bikomeye, mu gihe amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubucucike buke agenewe sisitemu yihuta kandi itwara imizigo mike.ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'amavuta yo kwisigabafasha abakora ibicuruzwa kuzuza ibi bisabwa bitandukanye mu gihe bagenzura ko imikorere myiza, kugabanya imyanda, no kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho.

Ni gute igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'amavuta gigenwa?

Kumenya igipimo cy'ubucucike bisaba inzira isanzwe. Inzira yo kubara VI ni iyi:

Aho:

U ni ubushyuhe bw'amavuta yo kwisiga kuri dogere selisiyusi 40.
L ni ubushyuhe kuri 40°C bw'amavuta y'icyitegererezo hamwe na VI = 0, bihuye n'ubushyuhe bw'amavuta y'icyitegererezo kuri 100°C.
H ni ubushyuhe kuri 40°C bw'amavuta y'icyitegererezo afite VI = 100, bihuye n'ubushyuhe bw'amavuta y'icyitegererezo kuri 100°C.

Ku mavuta afite ubushyuhe bwinshi (ubushyuhe bwa kinematic kuri 100°C > 70 cSt), formula ya logarithmic yahinduwe ikoreshwa kugira ngo imenye neza. Ubu buryo butuma abakora amavuta bapima ubushyuhe bw'amavuta, bakareba ko yujuje ibisabwa byihariye mu ikoreshwa mu kuvanga amavuta.

Uburyo bwo kuvanga no gukora amavuta yo kwisiga

Kuvanga amavuta y'amavuta ni inzira ihambaye yo guhitamo, kuvanga, no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho fatizo. Amavuta y'ibanze—ay'amabuye y'agaciro, ay'ubukorikori, cyangwa ay'imvange—akomoka ku gutunganya amavuta y'umwimerere binyuze mu gusya mu buryo bwa vacuum, gukuramo solvent, no kuyarangiza kugira ngo agere ku miterere yifuza nko kuba mu buryo bwa viscosity, kuba mu buryo bwa viscosity, no kuba mu buryo bwa pour point. Aya mavuta y'ibanze ahuzwa n'inyongera, nka viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, sabuni, na antioxydants, kugira ngo yongere imikorere myiza nko kudahungabana k'ubushyuhe no kudahura n'ingufu. Uburyo bwo gukora amavuta bukubiyemo:

Guhitamo amavuta y'ibanze: Guhitamo amavuta y'ubutare cyangwa ay'ubukorikori hashingiwe ku byo akenera gukoreshwa.
Guhuza inyongeramusaruro: Gushyiramo inyongeramusaruro nk'ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe kugira ngo bihuze imiterere.
Kuvanga: Kuvanga mu buryo bugenzuwe hakoreshejwe amatangi manini hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gukangura kugira ngo habeho ubwumvikane.
Kugenzura Ubwiza: Gupima ubukana, ubucucike, aho gupima, n'ibindi bipimo kugira ngo byuzuze ibipimo.
Gupakira no Gukwirakwiza: Gushyira mu macupa cyangwa mu ducupa kugira ngo bigerwe ku isoko.

Ubu buryo bwitondewe butuma amavuta akora neza mu mikoreshereze yayo kuva kuri moteri z'imodoka kugeza ku mashini z'inganda, hamwe n'ubucucike bw'amavuta n'ubushyuhe bitanga ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'ubuziranenge.

Amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubukana bwinshi ugereranyije n'ubukana buke

Guhitamo hagati y’amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubukana bwinshi n’amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubukana buke bishingira ku byo ikoreshwa rikenera. Amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubukana bwinshi ni meza cyane mu gukoresha ibintu bikomeye, nk’amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa amavuta akoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ubwubatsi cyangwa mu byuma bikoreshwa mu nganda, aho:

Kora firime ikomeye yo kurinda kugira ngo ugabanye gukururana no kwangirika mu gihe cy'imitwaro myinshi.
Ongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, ushyigikire imashini ziremereye.
Imyandu iterwa n'imitego nk'umwanda cyangwa imyanda y'icyuma, ikarinda kwangirika kw'ubutaka.
Gumana ubusugire ku bushyuhe bwinshi, bigufasha kubona umusaruro wizewe.

Ariko, amavuta ashyushye cyane ashobora kongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu no gukoresha ibikoresho bito. Mu buryo bunyuranye, amavuta ashyushye make akwiriye gukoreshwa mu muvuduko mwinshi kandi mu mutwaro muto nka moteri z'imodoka cyangwa sisitemu za hydraulic, atanga:

Kongera ubushobozi bwo gutembera neza kugira ngo amashanyarazi atembera neza kandi adatangira guhindagurika.
Ingufu zikoreshwa zigabanuka bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ingufu imbere.
Kongera uburyo ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mu buryo bwihuta cyane.

Nyamara, amavuta make ashobora kunanirwa gutanga uburinzi buhagije mu gihe umuntu afite imizigo myinshi, bigatuma asaza.

Imbogamizi mu mikorere

Gukuraho no gusenya ibikoresho mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko: Bitera imikorere mibi.

Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe n'ingufu

Ubunini bukabije bubangamira urujya n'uruza rw'amazi, bukihutisha ogisijeni kandi bugakora varnish cyangwa ifu.

$VI = L - UL - H × 100 VI = \ frac {L - U} {L - H} \ inshuro 100$

Ingaruka ziterwa n'ubucucike buri hejuru cyane cyangwa buke cyane

Ubushyuhe budakwiye mu mavuta bushobora gutera imbogamizi zikomeye mu mikorere, bigasa n'ibibazo bigaragara mu mikorere nko mu gushyushya penicilline aho kugenzura neza ari ingenzi. Amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubushyuhe bwinshi atera ibyago nka:

Ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa: Ingufu nyinshi zirakenewe kugira ngo umuntu atsinde imbaraga zidasanzwe, bityo ibiciro bikiyongera.
Umusaruro mubi wo gutangira mu gihe cy'ubukonje: Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gupompa bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho mu gihe ubushyuhe buri hasi.

Ku rundi ruhande, amavuta yo kwisiga afite ubukana buke ashobora gutera:

Imiterere idahagije ya firime: Uburinzi buke bwo hejuru byongera kwangirika no kwangirika kw'ibice byayo.
Ubushobozi bwo kwanduza bukabije: Amavuta yoroshye ntakora neza mu gufata imyanda.
Ubwinshi bw'ubushyuhe n'ingufu: Biteza imbere ogisijeni kandi bigabanya igihe cy'uburemere bw'amavuta.

Izi ngaruka zigaragaza ko hakenewe kugenzura neza uburyo bwo kuvanga amavuta hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo habeho imikorere ihamye.

Agaciro k'igipimo cy'ubukana mu murongo w'ibikorwa byo kwikora

Gushyiramo gupima ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo mu kuvanga mu miyoboro y’imikorere yikora bihindura inzira yo gukora amavuta, bitanga:

Kuvanga neza: Bituma habaho guhuza, bikarinda ko ibintu bidahuye neza n'ibindi bivangwa bihenze.
Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, gukora peteroli mu buryo buciriritse, no gukoresha intoki.
Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge: Ikomeza kubahiriza amahame nka ASTM D445, ikemeza ko isoko ryemerwa.
Gutunganya Inzira: Bigabanya igihe cyo kuvanga mu gihe bigera ku miterere imwe.
Gushobora Kwaguka: Bishyigikira impinduka zidafite imipaka kuva ku igeragezwa kugera ku ikorwa ryuzuye.
Gutahura ikibazo mu buryo bwihuse: Bigaragaza ubwandu cyangwa amakosa yo kuvanga ako kanya, bigabanya igihe cyo gukora.

Binyuze mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabutabire mu buryo bwikora, abakora bageraho umusaruro ku gihe, bongera ubushobozi bwo koroshya ibintu, kandi bagahaza ibyifuzo by'isoko rihanganye, kimwe n'ubuhanga busabwa mu gushyushya penicilline mu buryo buhoraho.

Imbogamizi mu igenzura ry’imikorere gakondo

Igenzura risanzwe ry’imikorere mu kuvanga amavuta rishingiye cyane cyane ku gupima hakoreshejwe interineti no gupima hakoreshejwe laboratwari, nka Saybolt Universal Viscometer, ifite imbogamizi zikomeye:

Gutinda kw'igihe: Gutanga ingero no gusesengura laboratwari bitera gutinda, bikabangamira ihinduka ry'igihe nyacyo.
Kudakora neza: Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe n'igabanuka ry'amakuru mu gihe cyo gufata ingero ribangamira ukwizerwa kw'amakuru.
Ubwinshi bw'abakozi: Gufata ingero z'intoki byongera ikiguzi cy'imikorere n'ingaruka z'amakosa y'abantu.
Ingaruka zo kwandura: Uburyo bwo gupima budahuje bushobora gutera amakosa cyangwa kwanduzanya.
Uburyo bwo kwagura ibintu buto: Uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti bugorwa no kugendana n'ibikenewe mu gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi.

Izi mbogamizi zituma uburyo gakondo budakwiye inganda zigezweho zivanga amavuta yo kwisiga, aho umuvuduko, ubuhanga, n'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo zikomeze guhangana.

Akamaro ko gupima mu gihe nyacyo mu kuvanga

Gupima ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo bihindura inzira yo kuvanga amavuta binyuze mu gutanga amakuru yihuse kandi nyayo atuma habaho imikorere myiza n'ubwiza. Inyungu z'ingenzi zirimo:

Gukuraho Guhuza Ibikoresho: Gukurikirana buri gihe bituma habaho guhuza ibikoresho byihariye, bigabanura ikiguzi cy'imyanda n'ingufu.
Kugabanya ibikorwa byakozwe n'intoki: Kwikora ku buryo bwikora bigabanya uruhare rw'abakora, bigagabanya ikiguzi n'amakosa.
Igihe cyo Kuvanga Cyanogeye: Guhindura ibintu mu gihe nyacyo birinda kuvanga cyane cyangwa kugabanya, bigatuma igihe n'umutungo bizigama.
Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho neza: Isesengura ry'ibikoresho rigabanya gukenera gupimisha muri laboratwari hanze y'aho bikorerwa, bigabanura ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Inyungu ku bidukikije: Bikoresha peteroli neza, bigabanya imyanda n'ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Gusuzuma Ibirimo Gutera Indwara: Bikurikirana impinduka mu miterere y'amavuta, bigatuma haboneka ubwandu cyangwa kwangirika hakiri kare.

Umuti w'ibicuruzwa bya Lonnmeter: Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'amavuta yo kwisiga

Ibipimo by'amavuta yo kwisiga bya Lonnmeter byakozwe kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe cyane mu gukora amavuta yo kwisiga, bitanga ibisubizo bigezweho byo gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse. Ibintu by'ingenzi birimo:

Urugendo rw'ubucucike bunini: Ipima 10–10.000.000 cP, ikwirakwizwa n'ibivange bigoye.
Ubudahangarwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi: Ikora kugeza kuri 350°C, ikwiriye ahantu hakonje cyane.
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe: Ikoresha igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’amavuta yo kwisiga gifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru kugira ngo imenye neza ubushyuhe bw’amavuta.
Uburyo bwikora budafite umuvuduko: Buhuza na sisitemu za PLC na DCS kugira ngo bugenzurwe mu buryo bwikora.
Igishushanyo mbonera gikomeye: Ifite sensor nto, idakoresha ibikoresho byo gusana kandi idafite ibikoresho byo gukoresha, kandi ikora neza.
Kwandika amakuru no kuyacunga: Kwandika amakuru mu buryo bwikora hamwe n'amakode y'igihe, birinda impinduka zitemewe kandi bigafasha isesengura ry'ibigezweho.

Ibipimo bya Lonnmeter, bisa na Rheonics' SRV na SRD, bitanga ibipimo by'ubucucike n'ubucucike, bikuraho amakosa y'uburyo gakondo nka Saybolt viscometer. Ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gufata amazi atari Newtonian butuma amavuta avangavanga neza, bigashyigikira ikoreshwa kuva ku gushushanya kugeza ku ikorwa rya nyuma.

Gukoresha neza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bitanga ubuziranenge buhamye, bigabanya ikiguzi, bikongera ubushobozi bwo kwaguka, kandi bikubahiriza amabwiriza nka ASTM D445. Hamagara Lonnmeter uyu munsi kugira ngo usuzume ibisubizo byabo bigezweho byo gupima ubushyuhe no guhindura uburyo ukora!

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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2025