Igikenewe cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura umuvuduko mu gihe nyacyo
Kubika no gukoresha amazi adafite amoniya bitera imbogamizi zikomeye mu nganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gusohora imyuka ihumanya. Kubika amoniya y’amazi bitera ibyago biterwa n’uburozi bwayo, gutwika, ubushobozi bwo guturika, no gushoka gusohoka mu gihe cy’umuvuduko. Abakora bagomba gushyiraho amabwiriza akomeye yo kwirinda amoniya mu gucunga ingaruka zishobora gushya n’izishobora guturika. Ndetse no kunanirwa guto mu kugenzura umuvuduko bishobora gutera ibyago bikomeye nko gusohora imyuka ihumanya, gutwika imiti, cyangwa ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika, bigashyira mu kaga abakozi n’abaturage bo hafi aho.
Uruganda rw'ibyuma n'ibyuma
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Kugira ngo hakemurwe izi ngaruka, uburyo buhoraho bwo gupima igitutu cy’ibigega byo kubikamo amoniya ni ingenzi.Imashini zitanga umuvuduko mu murongogutanga amakuru nyayo ku miterere y’ibigega by’amazi, bishyigikira umutekano w’amazi ya amoniya mu bubiko. Hamwe n’ibipimo by’umuvuduko nyabyo kandi ku gihe, abakora uruganda bashobora guhita bagira icyo bakora mu gihe ibimenyetso bidasanzwe byerekana ko amazi yavuye, umuvuduko ukabije wiyongereye, cyangwa imikorere mibi ya mekanike ibaye.
Uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere, nko kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bushingiye kuri ammonia nk'ikintu kigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya azote oxyde (NOx). Gukomeza gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere bisaba ko habaho uburyo bwo kugenzura ikoreshwa rya ammonia mu buryo butaziguye kandi bugenzurwa. Gukurikirana igitutu mu buryo bwihuse bituma habaho ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku bigega bya ammonia. Iyo igitutu kirenze urugero rw'umuvuduko, gutera ammonia bishobora guhagarikwa ako kanya, bikarinda inzira n'ibidukikije ku isukika cyangwa ingaruka zitagenzurwa.
Hamwe n’amabwiriza akomeye agenga umutekano w’ibigega bya amoniya, inganda zikeneye gusuzuma kure mu gucunga ububiko bwa amoniya no kugenzura uko amoniya yanduye. Utwuma twohereza amakuru duhujwe n’umurongo umwe ni two shingiro rya sisitemu za amoniya zitagira aho zihurira, bigatuma hakemurwa ibibazo byihuse kandi bigasuzumwa kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza amategeko.
Uburyo bwo gukurura imyuka ihumanya ikirere hakoreshejwe ammonia y'amazi butuma hakenerwa uburyo bukomeye bwo kubika ammonia. Gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura igitutu mu gihe nyacyo bushyigikira intego ebyiri z'ingamba zo gukumira isuka rya ammonia y'amazi hamwe no gukurikirana no kubahiriza ibyuka bya ammonia bihumanya ikirere buri gihe. Ubu bushobozi butuma habaho umutekano mu mikorere, guhuza amategeko agenga ibintu, no gukora neza cyane mu kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu nganda.
Gusobanukirwa inzira y'inganda
Amazi ya Ammonia Anhydrous mu Gukuraho Gazi mu Myobo
Amazi ya Ammonia adafite amazi afite akamaro kanini mu gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku nganda z'icyuma n'iz'icyuma. Akora nk'ikintu kigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere (SCR), uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya azote (NOx). Mu gihe cya SCR, ammonia ishyirwa mu muyoboro w'umwuka ihumanya ikirere, aho ihura na azote ihumanya ikirere mu gihe hari ikintu kiyitera imbaraga. Iyi reaction y'imiti ihindura ibintu bya NOx bibi bikaba azote n'umwuka w'amazi udafite ingaruka mbi, bigahuza imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'amahame agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Kugira ngo imikorere ikore neza bisaba ko habaho amazi asanzwe ya amonia. Uburyo bwo kubika amonia ni ingenzi mu mikorere ya SCR idahinduka. Kudakwirakwira neza kwa amonia cyangwa ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko bishobora gutuma habaho kurenga imipaka ya NOx byihuse kandi bigatera kutubahiriza amategeko bihenze. Kugumana uburyo buhoraho bwo kubika no gutanga amonia, bityo bikaba ari byo bituma habaho kugenzura neza imyuka ihumanya ikirere no gukomeza kubahiriza amahame y’ibidukikije ku rwego rw’igihugu no mu karere.
Ingaruka inKubika Ammonia y'amazi
Ibigega byo kubikamo ammonia y’amazi bikunze kubakwa mu byuma bya karuboni byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, byakozwe mu rwego rwo kubikamo umuvuduko mwinshi no mu bushyuhe buke. Ibigega byinshi ni imiyoboro ihagaze cyangwa itambitse, ifite ibikoresho byo gusudira bikonjeshwa kandi bikingira ubushyuhe kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe no kugabanya ibura ry’umwuka. Ibintu by’ingenzi mu gukora ibigega bikemura ikibazo cyo kudakenera uburyo bwa ammonia bwo kuvamo; guhuza flange, gaskets zo gufunga, na valves zo gufasha mu gihe cy’impanuka byakozwe kandi bigafatwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko birekurwa mu buryo bw’impanuka.
Umutekano ni ingenzi cyane bitewe n’ingaruka zikomeye z’uburozi bw’amazi ya amoniya. Umwotsi wa amoniya utera ingaruka zikomeye ku ngingo z’ubuhumekero n’iz’amaso. Guhura n’ibintu mu buryo bw’igihe gito ku rugero ruri hejuru y’ibipimo ntarengwa bishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka cyangwa uburozi buhitana. Kubera ko amoniya nayo ishobora gushya kandi ishobora gukora uruvange rw’ibintu biturika hamwe n’umwuka ku rugero runaka, ahantu ho gutwikira hagomba kuba hashyizweho ibikoresho kugira ngo hagabanuke uburyo amoniya ikoresha mu kubika amoniya n’ibintu biturika—ibi birimo uburyo buhoraho bwo gupima igitutu cyo kubika amoniya n’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika ibiryo byikora ku bigega bya amoniya.
Gukumira amazi no kuyameneka bishingiye ku buryo buhamye bwo kuyacunga, kubaka inkuta ebyiri, no kugenzura buri gihe uburyo amoniya ikwirakwira mu nganda. Abashinzwe umutekano w’inganda bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukumira amoniya y’amazi nko gucukura amazi mu mpande, ibikoresho byo gukumira amoniya byihuse, no gusuzuma amoniya mu buryo bwo kuyibika kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hakorwe ingamba zihuse zo kuyicunga.
Uburyo bwo kubika no gucunga ibintu bugenzurwa cyane. Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’ikigega cy’imyanda gikoreshwa mu kubika amoniya akenera gupima umwuka, guhumeka, uburyo bwo kuzimya mu gihe cy’impanuka, no kugenzura buri gihe. Inzego zishyira mu bikorwa igenzura n’iyubahirizwa ry’ibyuka bya amoniya kugira ngo zirinde abakozi n’ibidukikije. Imipaka y’ibyuka bya amoniya ishyirwaho n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi ku buzima n’umutekano mu gihe cyose cyo kubika, kohereza no gukoresha.
Ishingiro rya tekiniki ryo kugenzura umuvuduko mu gihe nyacyo
Impamvu gupima umuvuduko w'umuvuduko mu murongo ari ingenzi
Uburyo buhoraho bwo gupima igitutu cyo kubika amazi ya amonia adafite amazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa bikomeze mu mutekano kandi bikurikiza amategeko. Ibigega byo kubikamo amonia adafite amazi bigomba gukurikiranwa neza bitewe n’uburozi bwinshi n’ibyago byinshi bya amonia—harimo n’uburyo ishobora gushya, guturika ndetse n’ibyago bikomeye ku buzima iyo isohotse. Utwuma twohereza igitutu mu murongo ni inkingi y’umutekano w’ububiko bw’amazi ya amonia mu gihe nyacyo, dutanga ubumenyi buhoraho ku miterere y’ikigega.
Ubushobozi bwo kubona vuba bw'ibikoresho byohereza umuvuduko mu buryo bwihuse butuma ababikora bagira icyo bakora ku izamuka cyangwa igabanuka ry'umuvuduko ridasanzwe. Iki gisubizo cyihuse ni ingenzi mu kurinda ibikoresho n'ibikorwa remezo bikoreshwa mu gutunganya no gucukura ibyuma byangiritse cyangwa stress, nko gukanda cyane cyangwa gukora isuku. Hamwe n'amabwiriza yo kugenzura imyuka ya amoniya no kubahiriza amategeko, gupima umuvuduko mu buryo bwihuse byemeza ko bikurikiza amabwiriza agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'amahame agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Izi transmitter kandi zishyigikira ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika ibiribwa byikora ku bigega bya amonia. Iyo umuvuduko urenze urugero rw’umuvuduko cyangwa hakagaragara ibyago by’uburozi bw’amazi ya amonia, sisitemu ishobora guhita ifunga amashanyarazi kugira ngo hirindwe kwiyongera. Transmitter zikoresha umuvuduko zikoreshwa mu buryo bw’umurongo zituma habaho gusuzuma amonia mu buryo bwo kure. Abatekinisiye bashobora gusuzuma imiterere y’ibintu no guhuza ibikorwa bitabaye ibyo, kunoza umutekano w’abakozi no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwa amonia aho hantu. Uku guhuza ni ingenzi mu guhangana n’ibyago bishobora gushya n’ibiturika, ingamba zo gukumira isuka, no kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’ibigega bya amonia.
Guhuza Ibikoresho Binini Biri Muri Interineti Kugira ngo Hagenzurwe Uburyo Bwose
Gucunga neza uburyo bwo kubika amoniya n'uruhare rwayo mu kugabanya okiside za azote (NOx) bisaba guhuza neza ibikoresho byinshi biri mu murongo. Buri gikoresho—icyuma gitanga umuvuduko kiri mu murongo,igipimo cy'ubunini bw'ibipimo mu murongo, igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'umurongo, igipimo cy'ubushyuhe mu murongo,umuyoboro wo kohereza ubutumwa ku rwego rwo hagati, hamwe n'umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe w'umurongo—bitanga amakuru yihariye kandi yuzuzanya.
Imashini ipima igitutu mu murongo imenya ibintu bishobora guteza akaga nko kuva amazi cyangwa kuziba, mu gihe imashini ipima ingano nyayo ya ammonia y'amazi iboneka, ikarinda kuzuza byinshi no kubungabunga umwanya ukwiye wo gufata kugira ngo hirindwe ubusumbane bw'igitutu. Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe mu murongo cyemeza ubuziranenge n'ubuziranenge bwa ammonia, bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubushobozi bwayo nk'umuti ugabanya imyuka ihumanya.
Igipimo cy’ubucucike cya Lonnmeter gitanga ibitekerezo by’igihe nyacyo ku bucucike nyakuri bwa amoniya, gitanga umuburo hakiri kare mu gihe habayeho kwandura, ibyiciro, cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe mu kigega. Igipimo cy’ubucucike kimenyesha abakora ibijyanye n’uburyo amazi akoreshwa, bigafasha kwirinda kuziba kw’imirongo cyangwa ibibazo byo kuvoma.
Iyo ibi bikoresho bigenzurwa hamwe kandi bigasesengurwa mu buryo bwihuse, bituma ababikora bakomeza kugira umutekano mu bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Bituma bishoboka kwirinda gushyira umwuka mu kirere ukabije, bigakomeza gukora neza mu buryo bwizewe, kandi bigatuma sisitemu za ammonia zitavamo umwuka. Uku guhuza ibikorwa bigabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika kwa ammonia mu mazi, kuvamo umwuka, cyangwa imyuka ihumanya ikirere itateganijwe, bigafasha mu kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kubahiriza amategeko.
Muri make, ibitekerezo bihoraho mu gihe nyacyo biturutse ku rusobe rw'ibikoresho biri mu murongo ni ingenzi mu bijyanye n'umutekano wo kubika amoniya y'amazi agezweho no kugenzura neza uburyo imyuka ikoreshwa mu byuma n'ibyuma ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubushyuhe.
Ingingo z'ingenzi z'ingenzi zigomba kwitabwaho mu kugenzura, mu mutekano no mu kubahiriza amategeko
Amavuta akomoka kuri amoniya ni ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere (SCR) mu gukora ibyuma n'ibyuma. Umutekano ukomeye wo kubika amoniya mu mazi n'amabwiriza agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere ni byo bigenga ibikorwa by'inganda.
Amabwiriza ariho ubu agenga umutekano w’ikigega cya amoniya asaba ko hakoreshwa ibikoresho bikomeye by’ubwubatsi, uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi, n’uburyo bwo kwirinda kwangirika kw’ibigega byose bya amoniya bidafite amazi. Amasafuriya yo kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe umuvuduko ukabije w’amazi no kwemeza ko ikigega kiguma mu mutekano. Amabwiriza kandi ategeka imiterere y’ikigega gifite inkuta ebyiri cyangwa gifunganye kugira ngo kidasohora amazi. Nta buryo bwa amoniya bushobora kuvamo amazi busabwa n’inzego nyinshi kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kwanduzwa n’uburozi bw’amazi ya amoniya ku bantu no ku bidukikije.
Ku bijyanye no kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ammonia nk'ikintu kigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere igengwa n'amategeko agamije kugabanya imyuka ya azote (NOx). Amabwiriza agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere agaragaza ingano ntarengwa ya NOx mu myuka ivanze. Abakoresha bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwagenwe bwo kugabanya imyuka ya azote (NOx), akenshi bushyigikiwe n'amabwiriza yubahiriza amategeko agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere agena imipaka kandi agashyiraho amabwiriza ahoraho yo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya ammonia no kubahiriza amategeko.
Inama ku mutekano w’inganda zireba uburozi bwa amoniya, ibyago bishobora gushya, n’ibyago biturika. Imipaka ikomeye yo kwibasira abantu ishyirwaho, ubusanzwe iri hagati ya 25 ppm (ibice kuri miliyoni) ku bantu bahuye n’ibintu mu gihe gito. Ibikoresho byo kwirinda umuntu ku giti cye (PPE) birimo uturindantoki, indorerwamo z’indorerwamo, n’uburyo bwo kurinda ubuhumekero. Ibigo bigomba guhugura abakozi mu buryo bwihuse bwo kumenya no guhangana n’ibintu bivamo. Gufata amoniya bikubiyemo kandi kugabanya amasoko y’umuriro no kugenzura ko umwuka uhumeka neza mu bice bibikwamo n’aho bijyanwa.
Gukurikirana ikwirakwizwa rya amoniya aho hantu birashimangirwa kugira ngo hamenyekane vuba ibyuka bivamo. Ibigo birushaho gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima umuvuduko bujyanye na sisitemu yo gupima umuvuduko ihoraho kugira ngo bibikwe amoniya. Izi sisitemu, rimwe na rimwe zifatanyije n'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika ibiribwa bya amoniya mu buryo bwikora, zishyigikira uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwihuse no guhindura imikorere, bityo bikongera umutekano. Itangazo ryo gusohora amazi no gusuzuma amoniya kure mu gucunga ububiko bw'amoniya bituma hamenyekana hakiri kare ibyago, bikagabanya igihe cyo gukora akazi no kurinda abakozi.
Ingamba zifatika zo gukumira isuka ya amoniya y'amazi zibanda ku buhanga n'ubuyobozi. Ingufu zo kwitandukanya n'inyubako zo kubikamo amazi ni ibisanzwe kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zasuka. Gahunda zo gutabara mu gihe cy'impanuka n'imyitozo ihoraho yo gukamura amazi bitegura abakozi kuzibika no kuzigarura vuba.
Gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umutekano w’ibigega byo kubika amoniya no guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura no gukumira imyuka ihumanya ni ingenzi mu gutuma uburyo bwo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere bukora neza kandi bukurikije amategeko mu nganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma.
Imashini zitwara umuvuduko za Lonnmeter mu bubiko bwa Ammonia no mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere
Utwuma twohereza umuvuduko wa Lonnmeter twakozwe kugira ngo dufashe mu gucunga no kubika amazi asanzwe ya amoniya. Utwo tumashini bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga umutekano w’ububiko bw’amazi ya amoniya, cyane cyane mu gucunga ibigega byo kubikamo amoniya asanzwe ari ingenzi mu buhanga bwo gusohora imyuka ihumanya. Gupima umuvuduko mu buryo nyabwo kandi mu gihe nyacyo bituma hakurikizwa amahame agenga imyuka ihumanya, bigafasha mu kugabanya imyuka ya azote (NOx) binyuze mu gutera amoniya neza nk'ikintu kigabanya umuvuduko mu kuvura imyuka ihumanya.
Imiterere y'iyi transmitter itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu bihumanya cyane, by'umwihariko igamije guhangana n'uburozi bw'amazi ya amoniya. Ubu buryo bwo guhangana n'ibintu bihumanya cyane ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika no gusohoka kw'isi, bushyigikira neza sisitemu za amoniya zisohoka. Ubushobozi bwo kumenya amakosa vuba ni ingenzi mu miterere; ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifite ubushobozi bwo gutangiza ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika ibiribwa ako kanya mu gihe cy'ibintu bidasanzwe. Ubu buryo bugabanya uburyo amoniya ifata n'ibintu bishobora gutwika n'ibiturika, bukemura ibibazo bikomeye by'uburozi bw'amazi ya amoniya kandi bugakurikiza amabwiriza akomeye agenga umutekano w'ikigega cya amoniya.
Ubufasha bwo gusuzuma indwara hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga burimo, butuma abakora ikoranabuhanga bashobora kubona uburyo bwo gusuzuma no gukora isuzuma ry’ibintu mu buryo bufatika nta gikorwa cyo kubikoraho. Ubu buryo bwo kugera kuri interineti bunongera uburyo bwo gupima umuvuduko buri gihe kugira ngo amoniya ikomeze kubikwa, butuma ibibazo byihuse kandi bugabanye ibyago byo guhura n’ikibazo binyuze mu kugabanya gukenera abakozi bo kubungabunga ibidukikije kwinjira mu turere twangiza ubuzima. Guhuza neza na sisitemu zisanzwe zo kugenzura ibikorwa bituma amakuru y’umuvuduko yinjira mu buryo butaziguye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga z’ubugenzuzi n’iz’ubutabazi bw’ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza butanga ibitekerezo by’igihe nyacyo ku bijyanye no kugenzura no kubahiriza imyuka ihumanya ya amoniya, kunoza igipimo cyo gutera amoniya no gushyigikira ingamba zo gukumira isuka ry’amazi ya amoniya.
Kugira ngo igenzura ry’umuvuduko rigerweho neza, hashingiwe ku buryo bwiza bwo gushyira mu bikorwa sensor. Lonnmeter isaba gushyiraho imiyoboro y’amazi ahantu hakomeye kugira ngo hamenyekane ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko. Gushyira mu bigega byo kubikamo amazi bituma habaho ibitekerezo birambuye ku bijyanye no kuzuza no gutanga amazi, bigafasha guhita habaho guhangana n’amazi cyangwa kuziba. Gushyira utumashini twohereza umuvuduko mu mazi ku miyoboro y’amazi ya amonia bituma habaho ibitekerezo ku gipimo nyacyo cya amonia, bikaba ari ingenzi mu kugenzura neza imyuka ihumanya ikirere no gukumira ikoreshwa ry’umuvuduko ukabije wa amonia bishobora gutuma habaho kutubahiriza amabwiriza cyangwa igihombo mu mikorere.
Ibyo bisubizo byose hamwe bitanga urubuga rukomeye rwo gucunga neza, kwizerwa, no kubahiriza amategeko agenga uburyo bwa amoniya, bigabanya ibyago mu gihe bishyigikira imikorere myiza mu nganda zikenera ingufu nyinshi.
Ibyiza byo Gukurikirana Igitutu Cyakoreshejwe mu Buryo Buhanitse ku Bimera by'Ibyuma n'Ibyuma
Sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura umuvuduko w'amazi mu bigega byo kubikamo ammonia y'amazi zituma habaho gukurikirana imiterere y'ubwato mu gihe nyacyo.inzira zo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirereUbu buryo butuma ikigega gikora neza kandi bugahita bumenya ibibazo by’umuvuduko w’amazi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, izi sisitemu zongera ubushobozi bwo gukora binyuze mu guhindura ibipimo by’imikorere y’ikigega, gukumira ko amoniya ihagarara, no kugabanya gukenera kugenzura kenshi n’intoki.
Gupima umuvuduko bidasubirwaho bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye igihe cyo gukora ibintu kitateganijwe. Amakosa nko kugabanuka k'umuvuduko cyangwa kwiyongera kw'ibintu, bishobora gutuma amoniya isukika cyangwa inzira zihagarara, ahita amenyekana. Ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika ibiribwa ryikora ku buryo bwikora rikemura ibibazo biteje akaga, rihagarika urujya n'uruza rwa amoniya kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu biva mu mazi mabi kandi rigashyigikira sisitemu za amoniya zisohoka nta mazi zisohoka hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'inganda. Gukurikirana neza bigabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, bikagabanya amafaranga yo gusana no kubungabunga byihutirwa kandi bikarinda igihe cyo gukora uruganda.
Gucunga neza igitutu birinda umutekano wo kubika amoniya y'amazi. Mu kubika ibigega mu buryo butaziguye, ingaruka ziterwa n'uburozi bwa amoniya, gutwika no guturika biragabanuka cyane. Amakuru y'igitutu ahujwe—iyo ahujwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusuzuma indwara iri kure—atuma ababikora bashobora gusubiza ibibazo bivuka no gusuzuma ibibazo badahari, bigatuma umutekano w'abakozi bo mu kigo uba. Ubu buryo bugabanya ibyago byo kwandura impanuka kandi bukorohereza ibikorwa byibasiwe, bukongera ingamba zo gukumira isuka rya amoniya no gushyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko.
Mu rwego rwo kugenzura neza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kugenzura neza igitutu kiri mu bigega bya amoniya bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Igipimo cy’ibiryo bihamye gituma amoniya igabanuka mu buryo buhoraho, bigashyigikira amahame y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ijyanye n’igihe ndetse no kugenzura neza imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Gukomeza gukurura amakuru bituma ikoreshwa rya amoniya rirushaho kunozwa mu buryo nyabwo, ibyo bikaba binoza uburyo bwo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere kandi bikarinda ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire cyane. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko ikiguzi cy’imikorere kigabanuka kandi imikorere y’ibidukikije igakomeza kwiyongera.
Byongeye kandi, kugenzura ibintu mu buryo burambuye bishimangira iyubahirizwa ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya amoniya. Amakuru yizewe atanga inyandiko ku bashinzwe kugenzura, agaragaza ko bubahiriza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’ibigega bya amoniya. Bituma habaho igikorwa cyihuse cyo gusubiza ibirenze urugero, bikareba ko urugero rwemewe rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere rudashyirwa mu bikorwa kandi bigashyigikira uburyo bwo kugabanya imyuka ya azote. Gukurikirana no gutanga amakuru ako kanya binoza iyubahirizwa rya amoniya mu gace iherereyemo, birinda abakozi n’ibikorwa remezo ingaruka mbi z’uburozi bw’amazi ya amoniya bukabije n’ubudakira.
Muri make, kugenzura umuvuduko w’amazi mu buryo bugezweho bihindura imicungire y’ububiko bw’amazi ya amoniya mu nganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma binyuze mu kongera imikorere myiza, kugabanya ibisabwa mu kubungabunga, kurinda abakozi n’ibidukikije, no gutuma intego zo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere zigerwaho buri gihe.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Ni izihe ngaruka z'ingenzi ziterwa n'amazi adafite amoniya akoreshwa mu gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere?
Amazi ya Ammonia adafite amazi ni uburozi bwinshi, kandi guhumeka bishobora kwangiza cyane imyanya y'ubuhumekero mu minota mike. Kuba yangiza cyane bivuze ko ishobora kwangiza vuba icyuma cya karuboni, sima, cyangwa aluminiyumu, byongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imikorere y'umubiri. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ammonia adafite amazi ashobora gushya no guturika, cyane cyane mu myanya ifunze irimo umwuka. Gufata neza bisaba sisitemu za ammonia zidasohoka neza, imiterere ikomeye y'ikigega, n'imiyoboro ifunze. Ibikoresho bihoraho no kugenzura kenshi uburyo ammonia ihura nabwo ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka w'uburozi usohoka, kohereza amazi mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa ko ikigega cyangirika cyane.
Ni gute gupima igitutu gihoraho mu murongo byongera umutekano wo kubika amoniya y'amazi?
Gupima umuvuduko uhoraho mu murongo ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umutekano wo kubika amoniya y'amazi. Gusoma umuvuduko mu gihe nyacyo bitanga amakuru yihuse ku byabaye ku muvuduko ukabije, amazi ava, cyangwa imikorere mibi ya valve. Kumenya hakiri kare bifasha kwitandukanya vuba hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika uburyo bwo kugaburira amoniya mu bigega bya amoniya. Ubu bushobozi bwo gusubiza vuba bubuza amoniya kurekurwa ku bw'impanuka kandi butuma ibikorwa byo kubika amoniya bihura n'amabwiriza agenga umutekano wo kubika amoniya y'amazi. Gukurikirana buri gihe kandi birinda ingaruka mbi z'imiterere y'ibigega cyangwa kwangirika binyuze mu kubungabunga umuvuduko uhoraho mu bigega byabikwagamo.
Ni hehe hakwiye gushyirwaho imashini zitwara umuvuduko mu buryo bwo kubika amoniya?
Utwuma twohereza umuvuduko mu buryo bw'umurongo tugomba gushyirwa ahantu h'ingenzi mu buryo bwose bwo kubika amoniya. Ahantu harimo aho amoniya yinjira n'aho asohoka mu bigega, aho amoniya ituruka, n'uturere aho amoniya ishyirwa mu mwuka usohoka kugira ngo ifungurwe. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu mu buryo bw'ingenzi butuma umuntu amenya vuba uko umuvuduko uzamuka, kugabanuka bitewe n'amazi, cyangwa kuziba muri sisitemu. Bihujwe n'izindi sensor, iyi miterere ni ingenzi kugira ngo sisitemu ya amoniya ifunguke nta mazi ikora mu gihe cyose cyo gucunga amoniya.
Ni uruhe ruhare ibikoresho bipima biri mu murongo bigira hamwe n'ibikoresho byohereza umuvuduko?
Uburyo busesuye bwo kubika amoniya bukoresha ibirenze ibyohereza umuvuduko gusa. Ibipimo by'ubwinshi bw'amoniya, ubucucike, n'ubushyuhe (nk'ibyo Lonnmeter ipima), hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, bitanga ishusho nyayo y'umuyoboro wose w'amoniya utanga. Ibi bikoresho bifasha abakoresha gupima neza amoniya nk'ikintu kigabanya imyuka ihumanya, kubona ibintu bihindagurika cyangwa byanduye, no kubungabunga uburyo ibintu bihagaze neza. Urugero, ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'amoniya birinda ubucucike butari bwiza bwa amoniya, mu gihe ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe bimenyesha ubushyuhe budasanzwe bushobora kugaragaza ko hari ikintu cyavuye cyangwa cyagize ingaruka. Ku bw'imikoranire y'ibikoresho nk'ibyo gusa, umutekano ntarengwa, kugabanya neza amoniya (NOx) no kubahiriza amategeko agenga ikigega cyo kubika ibintu bishobora kugerwaho.
Ni gute kugenzura mu buryo nyabwo bifasha mu kubungabunga amahame yubahiriza imyuka ihumanya ikirere?
Gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse bitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura inzira bwikora bw'ingenzi kugira ngo habeho amahame agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere yujuje ibisabwa. Mu gukurikirana igitutu, ubwinshi bw'amazi, ingano y'amazi asohoka, n'ingano y'ibigega, abakora bashobora guhindura ingano ya amoniya kugira ngo barebe uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya azote oxyde (NOx). Binakora nk'uburinzi mu gukumira irekurwa ry'amazi mu gihe cy'akazi, bigashyigikira inyandiko zisabwa n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura. Ibisubizo by'igenzura ryimbitse bifasha inganda z'ibyuma n'ibyuma kugera ku ntego zo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo butagorana, cyane cyane ko kubahiriza amategeko agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere bigenzurwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza akomeye agenga ikoreshwa ry'imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 14-2026
