ItsindaInzira ya Benfieldni inkingi y'ingenzi mu ngandagutunganya gazi, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imiti kugira ngo ikureho dioxyde de carbone (CO2) na hydrogen sulfide (H2S) mu miyoboro ya gaze, bigatuma habaho umusaruro mwiza wo gukoreshwa mu gukora ammonia, gukora hydrogen, no gutunganya gaze karemano. Kugenzura neza ubwinshi bw'iki gikoresho cyo gukaraba ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe imbogamizi mu mikorere nko gusohora ifuro, kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu, cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho.Ibipimo by'icyitegererezo cya potasiyumu karubonenaisesengura ry'icyerekezo cya potasiyumu karubonegutanga igisubizo gihindura ibintu binyuze mu gutanga igenzura rihoraho kandi ryihuse ry’urugero rwa K2CO3 na potasiyumu bicarbonate (KHCO3), bigatuma abakora ibikorwa byabo bashobora kunozauburyo bwo gusukura gazikandi bakagera ku kuzigama amafaranga menshi.
Iyi nyandiko yuzuye isobanura imikorere y'iyiGahunda ya Benfield yo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikireren'inyungu zabyo ku nganda nkainganda zikora amoniya,inganda zikora imyuka ya hydrogen,inganda zitunganya gazi karemano,ibimera bya peteroli,inganda zigabanya icyuma mu buryo butaziguye, nainganda zikoresha ibyuka by'amakaraBinyuze mu guhuza ibi bikoresho bigezweho, abakora uruganda bashobora kongera imikorere myiza, kwemeza ko amategeko agenga imikorere yubahirizwa, no gutanga umusaruro uhoraho kandi mwiza wa gaze.
Ubutabire n'ubuhanga bwa Benfield Process
ItsindaInzira ya Benfield, yakozwe n'Ibiro by'Ubucukuzi bw'Amabuye bya Amerika kandi byemewe na UOP (ubu ni igice cya Honeywell), ni uburyo bwo gushonga buvugururwa mu buryo bushyushye, bukoresha umuti ushyushye wa K2CO3 kugira ngo ukuremo CO2 na H2S mu miyoboro ya gaze. Ni uburyo bwizewe bwogutunganya gazimu nganda zisaba imyuka ifite isuku nyinshi, nko gukora ammonia mu ifumbire mvaruganda, gukora hydrogen kugira ngo itunganywe, no gutunganya gazi karemano kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo bwo kuyitunganya. Iyi gahunda inyura mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi: kuyikoresha no kuyivugurura.
Mu gihe cyo kwinjiza umwuka, umugezi wa gaze winjizwa munsi y'inkingi y'umwuka, ugatembera ku muyoboro ushyushye wa K2CO3 (ubusanzwe 20-30 wt%) ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 100°C na 110°C n'umuvuduko mwinshi.
H2S nayo irashongeshwa, igakora ibindi bicuruzwa by’ingufu. Gazi isukuye isohoka hejuru y’icyuma gifata umwuka, mu gihe umuti ukungahaye kuri KHCO3, woherezwa mu cyuma gihindura umwuka (stripper). Mu cyiciro cyo kuvugurura umwuka, umuti ushyushywa n’umwuka cyangwa ugashyirwa ku gitutu, bigasubiza inyuma uburyo CO2 na H2S bisohora, bityo bikongera kuvugurura K2CO3 kugira ngo yongere gukoreshwa. Iyi gahunda ihoraho ituma ikora neza, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bushingira ku kugumana ingano nziza ya K2CO3 na KHCO3 kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo by’imikorere.
Impamvu kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibitekerezo ari ingenzi
Kugenzura neza ingano y'umuti wa K2CO3 ni ingenzi kubera impamvu nyinshi. KHCO3 nyinshi ishobora gutuma icyuma gifata umwuka gitera ifuro, bigatuma gazi n'amazi bihagarara, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza CO2, kandi bikangiza ibikoresho. Ku rundi ruhande, ingano idahagije ya K2CO3 igabanya ubushobozi bw'umuti bwo kwinjiza imyuka ikomoka kuri aside, bigatuma hatabaho gusukurwa neza no kutubahiriza amabwiriza y'umuti. Byongeye kandi, ingano idakwiye ishobora kongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihe cyo kongera kuvugururwa, kuko ingano nyinshi zisaba umwuka mwinshi kugira ngo zirekure imyuka yafashwe, kandi zishobora kongera ingese mu bikoresho bitewe n'imiterere ya alkaline y'umuti.
Mu mateka, igenzura ry’ibyiciro ryishingikirizaga ku gupima no gusesengura ibya laboratwari, inzira isaba imbaraga nyinshi, ikunze gutinda, kandi idashobora gutanga ibisobanuro byihuse. Izi mbogamizi zishobora gutuma habaho kudakora neza kw’ibikorwa, kwiyongera kw’ikiguzi cy’imikorere, ndetse no kutubahiriza amategeko.Ibipimo by'icyitegererezo cya potasiyumu karubonegukemura ibi bibazo binyuze mu gutanga ibipimo bihoraho kandi nyabyo, bigatuma habaho impinduka zihuse kugira ngo habeho imiterere myiza y'ibikorwa no kunoza imikorere yabyo.Inzira ya BenfieldIgikoresho cyo gusukura.
Ibicuruzwa Bisabwa
Uburyo Ibipimo by'Ubwinshi mu Murongo Bikora
Ibipimo by'icyitegererezo cya potasiyumu karubonecyangwaabasesengurani uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa bugezweho bwagenewe gupima K2CO3na KHCO3ubwinshi bw'ibipimo mu buryo butaziguye, bigatuma hatabaho gukenera gupima intoki. Ibi bikoresho byakozwe kugira ngo bikore mu bihe bikomeye byoInzira ya Benfield, harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 110°C) n'umuvuduko w'amazi, kandi byubatswe n'ibikoresho birwanya ingese kugira ngo bihangane n'ibidukikije bya alkaline by'umuti wo gukaraba.
Muri ibi bipimo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye, buri kimwe gitanga ibyiza byihariye:
Igipimo cya Ultrasonic: Ibi bipimo bipima umuvuduko w'ijwi mu mazi, bijyana n'ubucucike bwaryo n'ubwinshi bwaryo. Ubu buryo ntibugira ingaruka ku buryo rikora, ibara ryaryo, cyangwa ubwisanzure bwaryo, bigatuma ryizewe cyane kuInzira ya Benfield yo gukorera CO2gukurahoHamwe n'ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo kuva kuri 0.05% kugeza kuri 0.1%, ibipimo bya ultrasonic concentration bitanga amakuru nyayo yo kubungabunga ikigereranyo cyiza cya alkali-to-bicarbonate.
Igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu: Ibi bipimo bipima uburyo amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amazi, bitandukanye bitewe n'ubwinshi bwa K+ na HCO3-ions. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi birahendutse kandi birakwiriye mu gukurikirana imihindagurikire ya ayoni ariko bishobora gusaba ko ubushyuhe bugabanuka kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ari ukuri.
Igipimo cy'ubucucike: Mu gupima ubucucike bw'umuti, buhinduka bitewe n'igipimo cya K2CO3 na KHCO3, izi metero zitanga ikimenyetso cyizewe cy'ubwinshi bw'umuti. Ibipimo by'ubucucike ni byiza ariko bishobora gukenera gupimwa kugira ngo ubushyuhe buhinduke.
Igipimo cya CoriolisNubwo ahanini bikoreshwa mu gupima amazi atemba, ibipimo bya Coriolis bishobora no gupima ubucucike ku buryo bunoze cyane (urugero, ± 0.001g/cc), bitanga uburyo bwo kudatemba kugira ngo harebwe ingano y'amazi mu bivange bibiri nka K2CO3 na KHCO3.
Ibi bipimo bikunze gushyirwa mu muyoboro uri hagati y'icyuma gifata umwuka n'icyuma gihindura umwuka cyangwa mu murongo wo kuzenguruka, bigatuma habaho igenzura ryimbitse ry'uburyosisitemu yo gusukura gaziMu gutanga amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, bituma abakora akazi babasha kubona no gukosora ihinduka ry’ibipimo by’amazi ako kanya, birinda ibibazo nko gusohora ifuro cyangwa kudashyiramo neza.
Ingamba zo gushyiraho no guhuza
Kugira ngo hongerwe umusaruro waisesengura ry'icyerekezo cya potasiyumu karubone, gushyiraho ingamba ni ingenzi. Ibipimo bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hakomeye, nko mu muyoboro uva kuri absorber ujya kuri regenerator n'umurongo wa lean solution recirculation, kugira ngo harebwe impinduka mu buryo bukoreshwa mu gihe cyose cy'ibikorwa. Sisitemu zidasanzwe zishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo zikomeze gukora mu gihe cyo kubungabunga, bigabanye igihe cyo kudakora neza.
Guhuza na sisitemu zo kugenzura uruganda bituma habaho impinduka zikora ku buryo bwikora, nko kugenzura uburyo K2CO3 ikoreshwa cyangwa uburyo ikoreshwa mu mwuka, hashingiwe ku makuru aboneka mu gihe nyacyo. Gusuzuma buri gihe hakoreshejwe ibisubizo bisanzwe ni ingenzi kugira ngo hakomeze kuba nyabyo, cyane cyane mu bihe bihinduka by’ikirere.Gahunda yo gukuraho CO2 muri Benfield.
| Ikoranabuhanga | Ibyiza | Gusaba akazi muri Benfield Process |
| Ultrasonic | Ubuhanga buri hejuru, ntabwo bugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gutwara ibintu | Gukurikirana K2CO3/KHCO3 mu miyoboro y'amazi akoresha |
| Ubushobozi bwo kuyobora | Ihendutse, yoroshye kuyishyira mu bikorwa | Gukurikirana impinduka za ioni mu gisubizo cyo gusukura |
| Ubucucike | Kwizewe mu gusuzuma uko ibintu byifashe | Gupima ubucucike bw'umuti muri regenerator |
| Korioli | Nta gutwarwa n'amazi, nta buhanga buri hejuru | Igenzura ryimbitse muri sisitemu zikoresha amazi menshi |
Iyi mbonerahamwe igaragaza ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryakoreshejwe muriibipimo by'ubwinshi, bigaragaza ko zikwiriye gukoreshwa muriInzira ya Benfield.
Ibyiza byo Gupima Ibipimo by'Ubushyuhe mu Murongo
Kongera imikorere myiza
Kwemerwa kwaibipimo by'ubwinshi bwa potasiyumu karuboneBinoza cyane imikorere myiza mu nganda zikora imiti. Mu gutanga amakuru ahoraho kandi ahoraho mu gihe nyacyo, ibi bipimo bifasha ababikora kubona no gukosora ihindagurika ry’ibipimo by’amashanyarazi ako kanya, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw’imikorere. Urugero, gukumira ifuro riterwa n’urugero ruri hejuru rwa KHCO3 bigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu cyuma gihindura ikirere, kuko hakenewe umwuka muke kugira ngo hasohorwe imyuka yafashwe. Gukoresha neza K2CO3 bigabanya kandi imyanda y’ibikoresho fatizo, bigabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere.
In inganda zikora amoniya, kugenzura neza ubwinshi bw'imyuka bitanga umusaruro uhoraho, bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu zijyanye no kongera gukora.inganda zitunganya gazi karemano, gukomeza urwego rwiza rwa K2CO3 bishimangira ko amabwiriza y’imiyoboro yubahirizwa, birinda ibihano bihenze. Isuzuma ry’inganda rigaragaza ko inganda zikoresha metero zipima amashanyarazi zishobora kuzigama ingufu kugeza kuri 15% no kugabanya igihe cy’akazi binyuze mu buryo bwikora bwo kugenzura, bigatuma hatabaho gukenera gupima intoki.
Kugenzura Ubwiza bw'Ibicuruzwa no Kubyubahiriza
ItsindaInzira ya Benfieldni ingenzi cyane mu gukora imyuka yujuje ibisabwa byose byo gutunganywa, urugero nk'urugero ruto rwa CO2 na H2S mu gukora ammonia cyangwa imiyoboro ya gaze karemano.Ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongomenya neza ko umuti wo gukaraba ugumana imiterere ikwiye, bigatuma habaho umwuka mwiza woroshye. Urugero, muriinganda zikora imyuka ya hydrogen, kugenzura neza bishyigikira ubuziranenge bwa hydrogen mu gutunganya ibikorwa, mu giheibimera bya peteroli, bituma habaho imiti isukuye cyane nka ethylene oxide.
Mu gihe amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije yiyongera, kubahiriza amategeko ni ikintu cy'ingenzi. Ibipimo bipima ikirere bifasha inganda kugaragaza ko zubahiriza amahame agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere binyuze mu kubungabunga uburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho CO2, bigabanya ibyago byo gucibwa amande cyangwa ihungabana ry'imikorere. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane muinganda zikoresha ibyuka by'amakaraaho ubuziranenge bwa syngas ari ingenzi mu bikorwa biri imbere, no muinganda zigabanya icyuma mu buryo butaziguyeaho ubwiza bwa gazi bugira ingaruka ku musaruro mwiza.
Kuzigama Ikiguzi n'Agaciro k'Igihe Kirekire
Inyungu z'imari zoisesengura ry'icyerekezo cya potasiyumu karuboneni byinshi. Mu kugenzura ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwikora, ibi bikoresho bigabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi bakoreshwa mu gupima intoki, bishobora kuzigama isaha imwe ku munsi mu bikorwa binini. Bigabanya kandi imyanda mu gukumira ko K2CO3 ikoreshwa cyane cyangwa idakoreshwa neza, binoza ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo. Byongeye kandi, mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihe cyo kuvugurura, inganda zishobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi, cyane cyane mu nganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi nkagutunganya gazi karemanonaikorwa rya amoniya.
Agaciro k'igihe kirekire karushaho kwiyongera bitewe no kuramba kw'ibi bipimo, byakozwe mu bikoresho birwanya ingese kugira ngo bihangane n'ibidukikije bya alkaline byo muuburyo bwo gusukura gaziIbisabwa bike byo kubungabunga no kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo guhuza na sisitemu zo kugenzura zisanzweho bituma baba ishoramari rihendutse ku nganda zikora imiti zishaka kunozaGahunda ya Benfield yo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Guhitamo Igipimo Gikwiye cyo Gupima Ubwinshi
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo ingingo z'ingenzi
Guhitamo ibikwiyeIgipimo cy'ingano ya potasiyumu karubonebisaba gusuzuma neza ibintu byinshi kugira ngo harebwe ko bihuye n'ibyo inganda zikora imiti zikenera:
- Uburinganire n'Ubwizerwe: Igipimo kigomba gutanga ibipimo nyabyo (urugero, 0.05%–0.1% by'ukuri) mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko waInzira ya Benfieldkugira ngo harebwe ko imikorere ihoraho.
- Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko: Igomba kwihanganira imikorere yayo kugeza kuri 110°C n'umuvuduko mwinshi, ifite imiterere ikomeye kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bwa alkaline.
- Uguhuza kw'ibikoresho: Utwuma dupima ibintu tugomba gukora mu bikoresho birwanya ingese, nk'ibyuma byihariye, kugira ngo birambe mu bidukikije bibi bya shimi.
- Byoroshye gushyiraho no kubungabunga: Sisitemu igomba guhuzwa neza n'imiyoboro isanzwe kandi igasaba gusanwa gake kugira ngo igabanye igihe cyo kudakora.
- Guhuza amakuru: Guhuza na sisitemu zo kugenzura uruganda ni ingenzi mu kubika amakuru mu buryo bwihuse no kuyahindura mu buryo bwikora, bikongera uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa.
Ibi bipimo byemeza ko icyuma cyatoranijwe cyujuje ibisabwa byihariye byainganda zikora amoniya, inganda zikora imyuka ya hydrogen, inganda zitunganya gazi karemano, ibimera bya peteroli, inganda zigabanya icyuma mu buryo butaziguye, nainganda zikoresha ibyuka by'amakara.
Ikoranabuhanga rihari n'ibyo ugomba kwitaho
Ubwoko butandukanye bwaibipimo by'ubwinshibibereye kuriInzira ya Benfield, buri kimwe gifite ibyiza byihariye.Lkurimeter uIbipimo bya ltrasikoniki bitanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru kandi ntibigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibisubizo, bigatuma biba byiza cyane ku bivange bigoye. Ibipimo bya voltaiki bikoresha amashanyarazi birahendutse ariko bishobora gusaba kwishyura ubushyuhe. Ibipimo bya voltaiki bitanga amakuru yizewe ariko bisaba gupima ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Nubwo ibipimo bya Coriolis bihenze cyane, bitanga ibipimo bidatemba kandi bikwiranye na sisitemu zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi.
Abakora uruganda bagomba gusuzuma ubu buryo bushingiye ku miterere yihariye y'ibikorwa, nk'urugero rw'ibipimo byitezwe (urugero, 20–30 wt% K2CO3), ubushyuhe, n'ingengo y'imari. Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ubuziranenge bwinshi, nko muriibimera bya peteroli, ibipimo bya ultrasound cyangwa Coriolis bishobora kuba byiza bitewe n'ubuhanga bwabyo.
FAQs
Ni gute ibipimo bya Inline Concentration byazamura imikorere ya Benfield?
Ibipimo by'icyitegererezo cya potasiyumu karubonegutanga igenzura ryihuse rya K2CO3na KHCO3ku rwego rwo hejuru, kugira ngo umuti wo gukaraba ukomeze kugira imiterere myiza kugira ngo urusheho gukora nezagutunganya gaziMu gukumira ibibazo nko gusohora ifuro cyangwa kudashyira neza mu mubiri, byongera imikorere y'umusaruroBenfield Process Scrubber, gutanga umusaruro mwiza wa gaze ku bikorwa muriikorwa rya amoniyanagutunganya gazi karemano.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha ibipimo bya "Inline Concentration Meters"?
Ibiibipimo by'ubwinshikugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere binyuze mu kugenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho, kugabanya ibisabwa n'abakozi, no gukumira imyanda iterwa n'ingano idakwiye y'ingufu. Nanone kandi, binoza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihe cyo kuvugurura, bitanga kuzigama kugeza kuri 15% mu nganda zikoresha ingufu nyinshi nkaikorwa rya hydrogennaibyuka by'amakara.
Ese ibipimo bya Inline Concentration Meters bishobora kwihanganira imiterere ya Benfield?
Igezwehoisesengura ry'icyerekezo cya potasiyumu karubonebyagenewe gukora neza mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 110°C) n'umuvuduko w'amaziInzira ya BenfieldZubatswe mu bikoresho birwanya ingese, zituma zikora neza igihe kirekire mu kirere gifite alkaline yo musisitemu yo gusukura gazi.
Umwanzuro
Ibipimo by'icyitegererezo cya potasiyumu karubonenaabasesengurani ingenzi mu kunozaInzira ya Benfield, bigatuma inganda zikora imiti zigenzura neza K2CO3na KHCO3Ibikoresho bitanga amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, binongerera ubushobozi bwogutunganya gazi, gukumira ibibazo by’imikorere nko gusohora ifuro, no kwemeza ko hubahirizwa amahame agenga ibidukikije n’ubuziranenge.
Ku nganda nkainganda zikora amoniya,inganda zikora imyuka ya hydrogen,inganda zitunganya gazi karemano,ibimera bya peteroli,inganda zigabanya icyuma mu buryo butaziguye, nainganda zikoresha ibyuka by'amakara, gukoresha ibi bintu bigezwehoibipimo by'ubwinshini ishoramari ry’ingenzi ritanga uburyo bwo kuzigama amafaranga menshi no gukora neza.lonnmeteruyu munsi kugira ngo usuzume ibintu byageneweibipimo by'ubwinshi bwa potasiyumu karubonekandi ufungure ubushobozi bwawe bwoseuburyo bwo gusukura gazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-26-2025
