Gupima ubunini bw'ibinyampeke ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora divayi yera, cyane cyane mu gupima ubunini bw'isukari mu gihe nyacyo no gupima ubunini bw'inzoga kugira ngo isukari ya Brix ihinduke ako kanya mu gihe cyo kuyihindura kugira ngo ihindurwe mu buryo bwikora, igabanye gutakaza impumuro yayo ku kigero cya 12–18% no kwirinda gutakaza impumuro mbi bitewe no gutinda gukurikiranwa utari kuri interineti.
Gusobanukirwa inzira yo gukora divayi yera
Gukora divayi yera ni igikorwa gitegurwa neza gihindura imizabibu mishya icupa rirangiye, bikarinda impumuro nziza, ubushyuhe n'ubwoko bw'imbuto muri buri ntambwe igenzurwa. Urugendo rutangirira mu murima w'imizabibu, rugakomeza mu bikorwa bya tekiniki mu ruganda rwa divayi, rugasozwa no gushyira mu macupa bifashijwemo n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Kuva ku murima w'imizabibu kugeza ku icupa, umusaruro wa divayi yera utangirira ku guhinga imizabibu, hagakurikiraho kurobanura imbuto kugira ngo zikurweho imbuto mbi. Inzabibu zishyirwa mu kamashini gasukuye gafite gazi (harimo uburyo bwo kuzivura mbere yo kuzikuramo), hanyuma hagashyirwamo ibintu bikomeye (binyuze mu gutobora/gutobora) kugira ngo hakureho ibintu bikomeye. Gutobora inzoga biba kuri dogere selisiyusi 15–20 mu bigega bigenzurwa n'ubushyuhe, hamwe na metero zipima isukari n'ibipimo bya densitometero bigenzura ihinduka ry'isukari n'inzoga. Nyuma yo gutobora, divayi irakomera (gutobora, gutobora) hanyuma igakura, hanyuma ikayungururwa (ubujyakuzimu/uruhande) mbere yo kuyishyira mu macupa yikora - hashyirwa imbere isuku, ubuziranenge, no kutagira umwuka mwinshi wa ogisijeni.
Divayi Yera
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Uruhare rwo gukaranga umutobe n'umuvinyu mu bwiza
Gukanda imizabibu mu gukora divayi ntibikuraho umutobe gusa ahubwo binakuraho imiterere yayo, imikorere ya enzyme, ndetse n'impumuro nziza. Kuri divayi yera, gutandukanya umutobe n'uruhu n'imbuto vuba ni ingenzi mu gukumira ogisijeni no gukuramo tannin idakenewe. Guhitamo hagati yo gukanda umwimerere, maceration, no gukanda bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo busobanutse, ingano ya polyphenol, aside, n'impumuro igoye. Imashini zigezweho kandi zemerera gucunga neza umuvuduko, zijyanye n'ubwoko bw'imizabibu n'intego z'inzoga.
Gutegura Inzabibu: Gukamura no Gusobanura neza
Uburyo bwo gukanda imitobe y'imizabibu hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga n'umwuka
Gukanda imizabibu mu gukora divayi ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu ikorwa rya divayi yera, bigira ingaruka ku musaruro n'ubwiza bw'umutobe. Imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga (hydraulic) zikoresha imbaraga zifatika kugira ngo zikuremo umutobe w'imizabibu, mu gihe imashini zikoresha umwuka ufunze cyangwa uvacuum kugira ngo zikandamire buhoro buhoro. Sisitemu za pneumatic zemerera gukoresha umuvuduko ugenzurwa kandi uhuye, bigabanya kwangirika kw'ibikomoka ku mizabibu. Ibi bituma umusaruro w'umutobe wiyongera kandi bikabungabunga neza impumuro nziza n'amabara, cyane cyane ingenzi mu ntambwe zo gukora divayi yera zigamije divayi nziza cyane.
Imashini zicana amazi zitanga umusaruro mwiza kandi zigatanga ingufu nke. Zitanga umusaruro wihuta kandi zinoza uburyo bwo gushyuha mu gihe cyo guhinga, bikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku gaciro k’ibyumviro n’ubukungu mu nganda zikora divayi nyinshi. Uburyo bwombi bwa hydraulic na pneumatic bukoreshwa mu gukanda umutobe wose (pomace), ibyo bikaba byongera imbaraga zo kugarura umutobe wose kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bunini bw’amabara nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu kwemerwa kw’abaguzi hagati y’uburyo. Imicungire y’icyiciro cy’imikorere mu gukanda amazi, nko guhindura umuvuduko n’igihe muri buri ruziga, ubu izwiho gukoresha uburyo bwo gukuramo amazi no kugabanya igihombo cy’ubwiza.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku musaruro n'imiterere y'ibinyampeke mu gihe cyo gukamura umutobe
Umusaruro, usobanurwa nk'ikigereranyo cy'umutobe uvanywe ku bwinshi bw'imizabibu, ugengwa n'uburyo bwo gukanda—harimo igitutu gikoreshwa, igihe cyo gukanda, n'icyiciro cyo gukuramo pomace. Gukuramo neza bihuza umusaruro mwinshi no kubungabunga impumuro nziza n'ibinyabutabire bya phenolic. Igitutu gikabije gishobora gukuramo umutobe mwinshi ariko gishobora guteza phenolic zikomeye no kugabanya ubukana bw'aroma. Ku rundi ruhande, imikorere y'igitutu gito kandi gike ifasha kugumana esters, terpenes, n'ibindi bintu bihindagurika, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gukora divayi nyuma yaho.
Ibimenyetso by’ubuhamya byemeza ko gukanda neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mekanike cyangwa umwuka, hamwe n’umuvuduko wagenwe n’igihe, bishobora kugumana impumuro nziza mu gihe birinda gukurura cyane kwa phenolic. Iyi ntambwe ikora ku buryo bw’ingenzi ishingiro ry’impumuro nziza ya divayi yera irangiye.
Gusobanura neza imizabibu: Uburyo bwo kuyitera, kuyitera, no kuyitera hagati y'amazi
Gusobanura neza bikuraho ibintu bikomeye biva mu mbuto z'imizabibu mbere yo kwinjira mu bigega byo guhinga divayi. Uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi bwo gusobanura neza imbuto z'imizabibu bukoreshwa:
- Guturika kw'amasasu (guturika kw'ubukonje budahinduka):Inzabibu zigomba gukonjeshwa zikarekurwa zikaruhuka, bigatuma ibintu bikomeye bihagarara bitewe n’imbaraga rukuruzi. Ubu buryo busaba ibikoresho bike kandi bukwiriye ingano iringaniye ariko bushobora kugenda buhoro—igihe cyo kuzihagararaho kiri hagati y’amasaha menshi n’iminsi. Birakundwa kubera ko byoroshye kandi ko bitagira ingaruka nyinshi.
- Kureremba:Bikubiyemo gushyira azote cyangwa umwuka mu kintu kigomba gukurwamo, bigatuma ibintu bikomeye bizamuka hejuru kugira ngo bivanweho. Kureremba kw'amazi byihuta kuruta gusya kandi ni byiza cyane ku musaruro munini cyangwa uhoraho ariko bisaba ibikoresho byihariye. Gufata umwuka wa ogisijeni bishobora kongera ibyago byo gusya no guhindura impumuro mbi mu buryo butunguranye, bityo imiterere n'imicungire ya sisitemu ni ingenzi cyane.
- Gushyira mu kirere icyuma gishyushya:Ikoresha uburyo bwo gusimburanya vuba cyane kugira ngo itandukanyirize vuba ibintu bikomeye n'ibikenewe. Ubu buryo bugira akamaro ku nganda zikora divayi nyinshi zikeneye ibisobanuro byihuse kandi byimbitse. Ishoramari rinini rikoreshwa mbere ringana n'imikorere myiza, ariko gukoresha cyane bishobora gutuma ibintu bya colloidal bigira uruhare mu gutuma divayi irushaho kuba nziza kandi ikagira impumuro nziza.
Guteranya amazi no kuyacunga bitanga ubuziranenge bungana n’ubw’amazi. Ariko, guhitamo uburyo bwo gukosora bishobora guhindura ingano y’ibintu bihinduka n’impumuro mbi, hakagaragazwa itandukaniro mu bintu by’ingenzi bitera impumuro mbi iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guteranya amazi ugereranije n’uburyo bwo gutuza amazi mu buryo butaziguye.
Ingaruka z'Inzabibu zigomba gusobanuka neza ku guhinda no kwangirika
Ubuziranenge bw'inzabibu bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bwo guhinga divayi. Ubuziranenge bwinshi—gukuraho ibintu byinshi bikomeye—bishyigikira guhinga bihamye, byongera imikorere y'umusemburo, kandi bikongera impumuro nziza. Ku rundi ruhande, gukuraho ibintu bikomeye cyane bishobora gukuraho impumuro mbi na koloyide ingenzi mu kugira impumuro ikomeye no guteza imbere impumuro nziza mu kanwa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko urwego rw'ibintu bikomeye muri iyi divayi rudategeka gusa imikorere myiza y'ibiryo ahubwo runagira ingaruka ku kubungabunga no kurema esters zihindagurika na alcohol nyinshi, ari byo by'ingenzi ku miterere y'ibyiyumviro bya divayi yera.
Bityo, kugira ngo divayi ibe nziza kandi isobanutse neza, bigomba kuringaniza uburyo bwo kuyitunganya no kuyibika mu buryo buhamye, hamwe no kugumana ibintu by'ingenzi ku mpumuro n'imiterere yayo. Kugira ubusobanuro buke bishobora gutuma divayi zigenda buhoro cyangwa zitaryoshye, mu gihe nyinshi zishobora gutuma divayi zitagira ubusobanuro buhagije. Iterambere mu kugenzura mu buryo bufatika, nka spectroscopy ya infrared, ubu ni ryo riyobora uburyo bwo kuyitunganya mu buryo bunoze, bigatuma habaho kugenzura neza ubwoko bwa divayi.
Uburyo bwo kuvugurura inzoga bugenzurwa
Guteka divayi yera hakoreshejwe inzoga bihindura isukari y'imizabibu mo ethanol n'impumuro nziza bitewe n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'umusemburo. Bibaho mu bigega by'ibyokurya bya divayi bifunze nyuma yo gukuramo umutobe w'imizabibu kandi bigomba gusobanuka neza. Imiterere y'ibidukikije neza no gukurikirana buri gihe birakenewe kugira ngo divayi ibe nziza kandi ihoraho.
Gupima no kugenzura ukwiyongera kw'isukari
Gupima igipimo cy'isukari ni ingenzi mbere yo guhinga no mu gihe cyose cyo guhinga. Gukurikirana neza byemerera abakora divayi:
- Menya aho fermentation igeze.
- Hindura ibipimo kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibiryo bitangira gufunga cyangwa gutinda.
- Kugera ku rugero rw'inzoga wihaye.
Ibikoresho n'uburyo bikoreshwa birimo:
- Refractometers zo mu bwoko bwa digitale zihuza byoroshye na porogaramu, zitanga isuzuma ry’isukari rihoraho kugira ngo zigenzure ibikorwa.
- Ibipimo by'ifoto bitanga ibipimo nyabyo by'igabanya ry'isukari, bikaba ari ingenzi mu kugenzura intambwe zo guhinga inzoga.
- Ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongogutanga amakuru nyayo mu bigega byo guhinga divayi, bifasha mu buryo bwihuse.
Ibi bikoresho byoroshya imikorere y’imirongo ikora divayi kandi bigakomeza imiterere myiza mu buryo bugezweho.
Gukurikirana ukwiyongera kw'inzoga
Gukurikirana ingano y'inzoga mu gihe cyo guhinga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge n'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko. Ibipimo by'inyongera by'inzoga byashyizwe mu byuma byo guhinga divayi bitanga ibi bikurikira:
- Amakuru ahoraho kandi nyayo nta gupima intoki.
- Inkunga yo kumenya ingano y'inzoga mu divayi ihiye no kubahiriza ibirango by'ibicuruzwa.
Ibipimo biva mu byuma bipima inline sensors—nk'ibipimo by'ingano y'inzoga muri divayi—bifasha abakora divayi mu gutunganya neza fermentation no kwemeza ko umusaruro wabo uhoraho. Uburyo bwo gufotora no gukosora imiterere y'inzoga bwiganjemo, bushyigikira umuvuduko w'imikorere n'ubuziranenge.
Guhindura uburyo bwo gushyushya mu gihe nyacyo mu matangi
Mu gihe cyo guhinga divayi, abakora divayi bakurikirana ibintu bitandukanye mu mikorere kandi bagafasha mu gihe bikenewe:
- Amakuru akoreshwa mu gupima ikirere mu gihe nyacyo (isukari, inzoga, ubushyuhe, ubuzima bw'umusemburo) ni yo ashyigikira uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'imashini.
- Abakora divayi bashobora kugenzura ubushyuhe, inyongeramusaruro, cyangwa umwuka kugira ngo bakomeze gukora umusemburo no gusobanura uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bw'ibyumviro n'imiti.
- Sisitemu zikora zikohereza ubutumwa kandi zigatanga amakuru ku buryo bwo gufata ibyemezo bifatika.
Gucunga buri gihe mu bigega byo guhinga divayi bigumana imiterere myiza yo gukora umusemburo kandi bifasha kwirinda ingaruka mbi nko guhinga cyangwa gutanga impumuro nke. Guhuza ibikoresho bigezweho, imiyoboro y'ibikoresho byo gupima, na porogaramu zikora ku buryo bwikora byoroshya imicungire myiza y'imisemburo ivanze n'inzoga mu gukora divayi.
Gupima no kugenzura ibikubiye mu nzoga
Gupima buri gihe ingano y'inzoga mu ikorwa rya divayi yera ni ingenzi cyane nyuma yo guhinga. Kumenya ingano y'inzoga (ABV) muri iki cyiciro byemeza ko isukari yahindutse ethanol burundu kandi bigatanga amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye ubuziranenge n'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko. Abakora divayi basanzwe bapima ingano y'inzoga iyo guhinga bisa nkaho byarangiye, bakoresheje ibipimo kugira ngo bamenye niba hakenewe gutunganya kabiri nko gukonjesha cyangwa kwemeza ko ziteguye gushyirwa mu macupa. Ibi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa bihoraho mu byiciro bitandukanye kandi bikurikiza ubwoko bwa divayi bwagenwe.
Uburyo n'ibikoresho byo gupima inzoga
Uburyo gakondo bukoresha ibikoresho nka hydrometers na refractometers. Ibi bikoresho bikora bipima uburemere bwihariye bwa divayi, bigereranya agaciro kayo mbere na nyuma yo kuyitwika kugira ngo bibare ABV. Gupima neza no kuyifata neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge. Urugero, gupima hydrometer bishobora kwerekana igihe fermentation irangiye; uburemere bwihariye buhamye mu minsi myinshi bugaragaza ko guhindura isukari byarangiye.
Iterambere ryashyizeho ibikoresho bishingiye kuri spectroscopy hamwe n'ibipimo by'inzoga mu murongo, bituma habaho igenzura ry'igihe nyacyo. Spectroscopy ya Near-infrared (NIR) itanga isesengura rihoraho, ritangiza ibipimo bya shimi nka ethanol, ndetse no mu gihe cyo gukora hatabayeho gufata ingero n'intoki. Ibipimo by'inzoga mu murongo—harimo na ikoranabuhanga rya digital smart alcohol meteres byongerewe ubumenyi bwimbitse naIbipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi bya Coriolis—ubu ushobora gupima neza kandi mu buryo bwikora ubwinshi bw'inzoga mu gikoresho cyo gushyushya cyangwa mu buryo bwo kuyungurura divayi, uhuzwa neza n'uburyo bwo gukora divayi n'ibigega bigezweho byo gushyushya divayi.
Ikigega cyo Guteka Divayi Yera
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Ibyiza byo gupima ubwinshi bw'ibipimo
Ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongo bitanga inyungu nyinshi z'ingenzi kuruta gupima n'intoki:
- Amakuru ahoraho mu gihe nyacyo:Gukurikirana byikora bituma abakora babona ibitagenda neza hakiri kare, bigabanya ibyago byo kuba hari ibintu bitari ngombwa.
- Uburyo bwo Kugenzura no Gukoresha Ingufu mu Mikorere:Kwikora ku buryo bworoshye umusaruro, kuko guhindura ubushyuhe, igihe, cyangwa inyongeramusaruro bishobora gukorwa hashingiwe ku bipimo by'inzoga zisanzwe.
- Ubuziranenge Bunoze:Utwuma tw’ubwenge twongerewe ubumenyi bw’imashini tugabanya amakosa yo gupima, bikongera ubuziranenge ku bakora ibikoresho bito n’ibinini.
- Ikosa ryo kugabanya akazi n'icyitegererezo:Gukuraho abantu mu buryo bwo gupima bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura cyangwa gupima nabi.
Urugero, sisitemu za Brix zipima ubunini bw'isukari n'inzoga, bigatuma habaho kwihuta mu gihe fermentation yahagaze cyangwa itajyanye na ABV y'ingenzi.
Gupima Ubwinshi bw'Ibipimo mu Murongo Kugira ngo Ukomeze Gusuzuma Ubwiza Mu Gihe cyo Gupakira
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubuziranenge bw'inline ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura ubuziranenge buhoraho mu gihe cyo gupakira divayi. Igipimo cya Lonnmeter gipima ubuziranenge bw'inzoga gitanga ubushobozi bwo gupima divayi mu buryo bwihuse kandi kigomba gupima neza mu buryo butaziguye mu murongo w'umusaruro, harimo isukari, inzoga, n'ibisigazwa by'ibikoresho bisukura.
Gukurikirana buri gihe ibipimo by’inyongera byemeza ko divayi ifite ubuziranenge n’inzoga ari byo byonyine byinjira mu murongo w’ibikubiye mu icupa. Bigabanya imyanda mu gukumira ko ibikoresho bitari ngombwa bishyirwa mu macupa kandi bigashyigikira uburyo bwo gusukura bwikora mu buryo bwikora mu kumenya neza impinduka hagati y’ibicuruzwa n’ibinyobwa bisukuye (CIP). Inganda zikora divayi zigezweho zikoresha ubu buryo kugira ngo zongere ikoreshwa ry’umutungo, zigabanye ikiguzi cyo gukora, kandi zigatanga icyizere cy’uko buri icupa rizaba ryiza.
Ubu buryo bugezweho bwo kuyungurura no gupima ni ingenzi mu ntambwe zo gukora divayi yera muri iki gihe, butuma urugendo rwo kuva ku gutera imizabibu unyuze mu nzira yo kuyitera inzoga, kuyikomeza mu buryo bukonje, no kuyishyira mu macupa rwa nyuma rukurikiza amahame y’ubuziranenge n’umutekano.
Kwikora no kunoza imikorere hakoreshejwe ibipimo bya Inline Concentration Meters
Ibipimo by'ingano y'insinga ni ingenzi cyane mu ikorwa rya divayi yera, bitanga ubumenyi bwikora kandi bugezweho ku ntambwe z'ingenzi kuva ku gukanda imizabibu kugira ngo ikore divayi kugeza ku gushyira mu macupa. Ibi bikoresho bipima ibipimo nk'isukari, alcool, na aside buri gihe, bigatuma habaho kugenzura neza no gusubiza vuba mu gihe cyose cyo gukora divayi.
Ihame n'imikorere mu gukora divayi
Ibipimo by'ibipimo by'inline bikora bipima igipimo cy'uburemere, ubucucike, umuvuduko w'ijwi, cyangwa uburyo divayi ikura mu buryo bwa infrared mu gihe inyura mu miyoboro no mu miyoboro. Ibipimo by'ibi ...
Gushyiraho sisitemu zo gupima amakuru mu buryo bwo kuyakoresha mu gihe nyacyo
Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima mu murongo bitangirira ku guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bw’ibipimo—ibipimo bya refractometers byo gusuzuma isukari, spectroscopy ya IR yo kumenya ingano ya phenolic na alcohol, amazuru ya elegitoroniki yo kumenya aside, n’ibipimo by’umuvuduko w’amajwi/ubucucike kugira ngo bipime alcohol ya nyuma. Gushyiraho igikoresho ni ingenzi: ibipimo bishyirwa ahantu h’ingenzi nko nyuma yo gukuramo umutobe w’imizabibu kuri divayi, mu ntangiriro no mu mpera z’intambwe zo gushyushya alcohol, ndetse na sisitemu n’ikoranabuhanga byo kuyungurura divayi mbere/nyuma yayo.
Gupima ni ngombwa. Ibipimo bigomba kuba byakoreshejwe hakurikijwe ibisubizo bisanzwe cyangwa isesengura rya laboratwari mbere yo kubikoresha no mu gihe cyo gukora. Ibipimo bigezweho bifite uburyo bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe n'imiterere yihanganira uduce duto kugira ngo bigenzurwe neza nubwo ubushyuhe buhinduka cyangwa ibintu bikomeye bihagaze muri must. Guhuza na display za digitale, PLC, cyangwa SCADA bituma habaho guhita hagaragara, hakorwa ibizamini byo kumenyesha, kandi bigakorwa mu buryo bwihuse iyo imipaka y'ingenzi yarenze ku mategeko.
Urugero, ibipimo by’ubushyuhe biri ku murongo bitanga ishusho y’igihe nyacyo ya °Brix kuko inzabibu ikandagiye igomba kwinjira mu bigega byo gushyushya, bigatuma ababikora bashyiraho intego zo gushyushya no gukurikirana aho bigeze nta gutinda gupimwa.
Guhuza ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo bigabanye amakosa no kongera uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu
Iyo sensor zikoresha umurongo zitangiye gukora, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru buri gihe bushobora gutuma habaho uburyo bwikora bwo kunoza imikorere. Sisitemu za PLC na DCS zakira agaciro k'ibipimo mu buryo butaziguye, bigatera ibikorwa byo kugenzura: guhindura ubushyuhe mu buryo bwikora, gutanga ingano y'ibinyabutabire bya divayi yera, cyangwa guhindura inzira z'amazi mu gihe cyo kuyungurura.
Uburyo bugezweho buhuza amakuru ya sensor mu buryo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo. Iyo ibipimo by'isukari biri mu murongo bihagaze neza mu mpera y'igikorwa cyo guhinga inzoga, sisitemu ishobora guhita itera gukonja, gukurura, cyangwa gutangira kuyungurura. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya divayi yera no kuyitunganya mu gihe cyo kuyikora, gushyiramo ingano mu buryo bufatika bifasha kubungabunga ibidukikije bikwiye, bigabanyiriza uburyo bwo kuyikoresha n'intoki no kuyihuza n'ibipimo by'umusaruro.
Uko guhuza bigabanya cyane amakosa y'umukoresha, bigatanga ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo ibintu mu byiciro bitandukanye, kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kunyura mu nzira, kwangirika, cyangwa kudashyirwa mu byiciro.
Gusaba kuva ku gutegura no gucupa
Ibipimo by'ingufu biri ku murongo bifite akamaro mu ntambwe hafi ya zose zo gukora divayi yera:
- Gutegura Inzabibu Zigomba Kubazwa: Gupima ingano y'isukari mu mutobe w'imizabibu mu gihe cyo kuyikuramo, gushyigikira ibyemezo byo gusarura no kubara imisemburo y'intangiriro.
- Gushyushya inzoga: Gukurikirana igabanuka ry'isukari mu buryo bufatika n'ubwiyongere bw'inzoga. Akantu ko gushyushya divayi gakoreshwa mu gukora divayi ni ingirakamaro mu gukurikirana neza, bityo inzira yo gushyushya inzoga ntigira igihe kinini cyane.
- Gutunganya no Gutuza Ubukonje: Guhindura uburyo bwo kongeramo ibikoresho byo kugabanya imvura no kugenzura uko imvura igwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukurikirana ihindagurika ry’ubwinshi bw’amazi.
- Kuyungurura no Gushyira mu Macupa: Kugenzura imiterere y'inzoga nyuma y'imizabibu bigomba gusobanurwa neza no mu gihe cyo kuyungurura; gucunga ihindagurika ry'ibicuruzwa kuri sisitemu yo gukora ibyuma byuzuza divayi, kugenzura ko nta kuvanga cyangwa gutakaza mu gihe cyo guhinduranya.
- Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'ibirango: Kumenya ingano y'inzoga nyuma yo guhisha hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bipima ingano y'inzoga muri divayi—ni ingenzi mu gushyiraho no kohereza mu mahanga.
Urugero rurimo gukoresha isesengura ry’inline rishingiye ku bucucike kugira ngo harebwe ko gupima urugero rw’inzoga muri divayi n’isukari isigaye byujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko mbere yo kuyishyira mu macupa. Urundi rugero: Ibipimo bya IR byemeza ko ubuhanga bwo kubungabunga ubukonje bwa divayi bwarangiye neza binyuze mu kumenya aho amazi anyura mu kirere nta gukoresha intoki.
Ubu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, bwubatswe hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu ntambwe zo kuyungurura divayi kandi bushobora kwaguka kuva ku byumba bito byo mu nzu kugeza ku miyoboro yuzuza divayi yikora, burimo kuvugurura ubuziranenge n'imikorere myiza y'inganda zikora divayi zigezweho.
Kugenzura uburyohe n'impumuro nziza
Gupima neza urugero rw'inyongera mu gihe cyo gukora divayi yera ni ingenzi mu gucunga ibintu bihindagurika kandi bihumura neza. Izi molekile ni zo zituma divayi irushaho kugira imiterere myiza, harimo impumuro yayo n'uburyohe bwayo.
Ibipimo by'ibipimo bikoreshwa mu ntambwe z'ingenzi zo gukora divayi yera—nk'inyongeramusaruro zo gukora divayi, gukuramo umutobe w'imizabibu, n'uburyo bwo guhinga divayi ikoresheje alcool—bitanga amakuru afatika ku bintu nka esters, alcool nyinshi, na aside.
Isano iri hagati y'ubwiyongere bw'ibinure, ihindagurika, n'ibinyabutabire bihumura neza
Isuzuma ry’isukari na aside mu mbuto z’imizabibu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ubuziranenge bw’ibice bifitanye isano itaziguye no guhinduka kw’ingirabuzimafatizo mu gihe cyo gushyushya alcool. Urugero, gupima ubunini bw’isukari bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa rya esters nka isoamyl acetate na ethyl hexanoate. Isukari irenze urugero ishobora kugabanya esters zihariye z’impumuro, mu gihe uburyo bwo gushyushya butuma isukari igenzurwa, yongera umusaruro wa esters kandi ikagabanya aside asetiki idakenewe.
Gufata ingamba ku gihe—nk'inyongera ya dioxyde de sulfur—bihindura inzira yo guhisha, bigahindura ikorwa n'uburyo ibintu by'ingenzi bihumura neza bihagaze. Uburyo bwo gusobanura no gukosora, bushingiye ku gupima mu gihe nyacyo, bigabanya ibintu nka catechin, bigabanura ubukana n'uburyohe butari bwiza.
Ingaruka zo kugenzura ibikorwa by'umubiri mu buryo busanzwe ku ngaruka z'amarangamutima
Kugenzura neza igihe cyo gukora divayi yera bigena uburyohe bwa nyuma. Urugero:
- Guhindura aside mu gihe cyo guhinga bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bugaragara no ku buringanire bwa divayi muri rusange. Kongeramo aside nyuma y’igihe gito bikunze kugira ingaruka nziza, cyane cyane nyuma yo guhinga imisemburo ya malolactic.
- Uburyo bwo gukaraba uruhu—igihe n'igihe rumara—bushobora kongera impumuro nziza, cyane cyane terpenes na esters z'imbuto. Gukaraba uruhu mbere yo gukaraba uruhu byongera ubukana bw'indabyo n'imbuto, mu gihe gukaraba uruhu nyuma yo gukaraba uruhu bishobora gutuma imiterere y'amatwi irushaho kuba ndende, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma uruhu rurushaho kuba rushya.
- Gukomeza ubukonje mu gukora divayi, bigenzurwa neza hakoreshejwe metero zipima, bibungabunga impumuro mbi zishobora kwangizwa n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.
Uburyo bwo kuyungurura divayi hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kuyungurura bikuraho ibintu bikomeye bidakenewe kandi bigagabanya ubushyuhe, ariko nanone bishobora kwangiza ibintu bihindagurika mu buryo butunguranye niba bidacunzwe neza. Intambwe z'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusesengura inzira zo kuyungurura zifasha kugumana ubuziranenge butica impumuro mbi.
Gukoresha amakuru asesengura kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hakorwe neza ireme
Ubushakashatsi ku isesengura bwakusanyijwe mu buryo bwo gusobanura divayi, gukurikirana imiyoboro y'inzoga, n'uburyo bwo gutanga divayi mu buryo bwikora. Uburyo nka FlavorMiner, bukoresha ibisobanuro bya molekile, buteganya imiterere yihariye y'ibyumviro—nk'imbuto, imbuto, n'uburyohe butari bwo—bukozwe neza cyane. Algorithm yo kwiga imashini ikoreshwa ku makuru ya UV-Vis spectrophotometry ishyira mu byiciro inkomoko ya divayi n'imitobe y'imizabibu aho icyizere kirenga 91%.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo by’inline concentration kuri buri gice cy’umurimo, abakora divayi yera bashobora kugenzura ibikorwa byabo mu buryo bwihuse, bagakomeza kubahiriza ibisabwa n’amategeko, no kunoza imikorere yabo kuva ku mbuto kugeza ku kirahure.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni izihe ntambwe z'ingenzi zo gukora divayi yera?
Uburyo bwo gukora divayi yera bugizwe n'intambwe nyinshi zisobanutse neza zigamije kubungabunga ubushya n'impumuro nziza. Butangirana no guhitamo imizabibu ikuze neza, hibandwa ku isukari, aside, n'impumuro nziza. Inzabibu zisoromwa n'intoki cyangwa hakoreshejwe imashini, bihuza ubuziranenge bw'inzabibu n'uburyo zitunganywa neza. Hanyuma, inzabibu zirasenywa kandi zigakanda; gukanda buhoro buhoro birinda gukuramo phenolic nyinshi, bigakomeza kuba byiza no kuringaniza. Umutobe w'inzabibu uvanywemo unyuramo utose, hakoreshejwe imiti ituma imera neza cyangwa igabanya ubushyuhe kugira ngo ukureho ibintu bikomeye.
Nyuma yo gusobanuka neza, inzira yo gushyushya inzoga ibera mu byuma bishyushya bigenzurwa n'ubushyuhe. Ibigega bishyushya divayi bigumana ubushyuhe bwa 13-18°C, bigatuma impumuro nziza igumana. Gushyushya birangira iyo isukari ihindutse inzoga, bigatuma imiterere n'imiterere ya divayi bikomeza. Gukomeza gukonja, birinda ko tartrate crystal igwa muri divayi iri mu macupa binyuze mu gukonjesha divayi mbere yo kuyiyungurura. Ibi bituma irushaho kuba nziza kandi ihamye. Uburyo bwo gushyushya divayi yera buza nyuma; ibintu nka bentonite, casein, na PVPP bikuraho poroteyine cyangwa phenolics zidakenewe. Nyuma yo gushyushya, sisitemu zo gushyushya n'ikoranabuhanga bikuraho uduce dusigaye, bigatuma divayi iba nziza kandi ihamye. Gushyira mu macupa biba ahantu hagenzurwa neza kandi hagabanya ikirere cya ogisijeni n'ubushyuhe, ingenzi kugira ngo ikomeze kuba nshya kandi irambe.
Kuki gukanda imizabibu kugira ngo haboneke umutobe ari ingenzi mu gukora divayi yera?
Gukanda imizabibu kugira ngo ikore divayi bikuramo umutobe ukenewe kugira ngo ivugwe. Igitutu n'uburyo bikoreshwa bigira ingaruka ku musaruro, uburyohe, no ku buryo busobanutse. Igitutu kinini gishobora kurekura phenolics zisharira kandi kikagira ingaruka ku ibara, mu gihe gukanda buhoro buhoro bitanga umutobe mwiza kurushaho. Urugero, gukanda imizabibu ya Chardonnay mu gace ka Franciacorta mu Butaliyani bikorwa witonze kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe, impumuro nziza, n'ibiyigize. Guhitamo imiterere myiza bituma imitobe y'imizabibu ikoreshwa muri divayi ikwiranye n'ubwoko bwa divayi kandi bigatuma habaho imiterere ihamye mu byiciro bitandukanye.
Ni gute urugero rw'inzoga rupimwa mu gihe cyo gukora divayi?
Uburyo bwinshi n'ibikoresho bipima urugero rw'inzoga muri divayi. Ibikoresho byo gupima ingano y'inzoga muri divayi birimo ibipimo by'inzoga mu ntoki, ibipimo by'inyongera mu gukora divayi, densitometero, na bipimo by'ubucucike. Ibipimo by'inyongera mu ntoki bifasha gupima buri gihe mu byuma bishyushya, bigatuma habaho igenzura ry'ubuziranenge n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko. Uburyo gakondo bukoresha hydrometero cyangwa refractometero bipima ingano y'isukari mu mutobe w'imizabibu na alcool nyuma yo gushyushya hakoreshejwe kugenzura impinduka z'ubucucike cyangwa igipimo cya refractive. Ubuhanga bwo muri laboratwari nko gupima ubucucike hamwe n'ubucucike na chromatography ya gaze butanga ibisubizo bifatika ariko bisaba ubuhanga mu gukora. Near-infrared spectroscopy itanga isesengura ryihuse, ritangiza kandi rigenda rikoreshwa mu kugenzura umurongo w'inzoga ukora divayi.
Gukomeza ubukonje mu gukora divayi ni iki?
Gukomeza ubukonje mu gukora divayi ni inzira yo gushyiramo amacupa mbere yo kuyishyiramo kugira ngo ibuze imiterere ya kristale ya tartrate. Divayi ikonjeshwa cyane—ubusanzwe munsi y'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba—bityo potasiyumu bitartrate irenze urugero ihita itangira kuyishyiramo. Iyi ntambwe ni ingenzi kuri divayi z'umweru, kuko kristale zigaragara zishobora kwitiranywa n'abaguzi. Gukomeza ubukonje bigumana ubushobozi bwo kureba neza no kudahindagurika kw'amatwi. Ubuhanga bushya bwo gukomeza ubukonje kuri divayi, nka plasma polymerization coating, butuma ikomeza ubukonje ku bushyuhe bwinshi, bigagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Ubundi buryo nka carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) na aside metatartaric nabyo bikunze gukoreshwa, rimwe na rimwe bigatanga umusaruro urenze uburyo gakondo mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bwa phenolic n'amabara.
Ni ibihe bintu bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukata divayi yera?
Ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'inzoga z'umweru birimo bentonite, gelatin, casein, na PVPP. Bentonite, ibumba, ikuraho poroteyine zifitanye isano n'ibihu. Gelatin na casein ni poroteyine zikomoka ku nyamaswa zikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubushyuhe no gutunganya divayi. PVPP, polymer y'ubukorikori, yibanda ku bintu bya phenolic kugira ngo igabanye ubushyuhe no kongera ubuziranenge. Guhitamo kwazo biterwa n'ibibazo byihariye bya divayi - ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe, cyangwa ibara - hamwe n'umusaruro wifuza. Ibintu bishya nka makara, poroteyine y'amashaza, n'ibikomoka kuri chitin, hamwe n'ibivanze bivanze, bitanga ubundi buryo burambye butagira allergy kandi burambye. Ikoreshwa ryabyo riri kwiyongera, cyane cyane iyo bitunganya divayi zivuye mu nzabibu zangiritse cyangwa iyo abaguzi n'amabwiriza basaba ibintu bitari ibya gakondo. Imikorere ya buri kintu ifitanye isano rya bugufi n'uburyo divayi yera ikorwamo, matrix ya divayi, n'imiterere ya polyphenolic.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-19-2025
