Gucunga neza ubucucike bwa cyanide mu buryo bwo gusohora cyanide ya zahabu bisaba gupimwa mu buryo nyabwo mu buryo bwo gusohora cyanide. Ibikoresho bisesengura mu murongo, bishyirwa mu miyoboro cyangwa mu bigega by'amazi, bikurikirana buri gihe ubucucike bwa cyanide, cyanide isigaye, na WAD cyanide. Ibi bikoresho bikuraho gutinda gufatirwa ingero n'intoki, bigabanya ibyago by'amakosa y'umukoresha, kandi bigatanga amakuru y'imikorere buri minota 3-10, bifasha gufata ibyemezo byihuse mu bimera bihinduka.
Ingingo z'ibanze zo gucukura zahabu hakoreshejwe cyanide
Gukuramo zahabu mu buryo bwa cyanide ni inkingi ikomeye yo kugarura zahabu mu buryo bwa hydrometallurgical, bigatuma ikurwa mu mabuye y’agaciro make kandi akomeye. Muri ubu buryo, zahabu ihinduka kuva mu buryo bwayo bw’icyuma ikajya mu buryo bushongesha, akenshi binyuze mu gukoresha sodium cyanide (NaCN) mu bihe bikomeye bya alkaline. Uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gukora ibinyabutabire burimo zahabu, iyoni ya cyanide, na ogisijeni ya molekile, bigatuma habaho imiterere ya cyanide ya zahabu ihamye [Au (CN)_2]^–—urufunguzo rw’imikorere mu gucukura zahabu mu nganda:
4 Au + 8 CN⁻ + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 [Au (CN) ₂] ⁻ + 4 OH⁻
Kugumana ingano ihagije ya cyanide, ogisijeni ishongeshejwe ihagije, na pH ya alkaline (ubusanzwe >10) ni ingenzi cyane mu koroshya ishonga no kuyikoresha mu buryo bwizewe, kuko imiterere ya alkaline igabanya ikorwa rya gaze ya hydrogen cyanide ihumanya. Uburyo bwo gusohora amazi buterwa cyane n'ibi bipimo, ndetse n'ubucucike bw'udusimba n'ingano y'uduce - ibihinduka bikunze kunonosorwa mu mikorere y'inganda kandi bigaragazwa mu bushakashatsi bugezweho bwo gukwirakwiza zahabu. Byongeye kandi, mineralogy y'amabuye y'agaciro hamwe no kuba hari imyanda, nka iyoni z'umuringa, bishobora kugabanya imikorere myiza binyuze mu guhatanira cyanide no gukora complexes zidakenewe zikongera ikoreshwa rya reagent kandi zigagabanya igipimo cyo kugarura zahabu.
Gukurikirana kuri interineti uburyo bwo gusohora cyanide na zahabu mu gikoresho cyo gusohora zahabu
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Uburyo bwo gusohora cyanide ya zahabu buracyari ntagereranywa mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukora, mu buryo buhendutse, no mu gucukura umusaruro w’amabuye y’agaciro menshi. Iterambere riheruka ririmo imiterere ya thermodynamic na kinetic kugira ngo hamenyekane imyitwarire y’urusenda, kunoza ubwinshi bwa cyanide ku buntu, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire byinshi binyuze mu isesengura ryiza ry’ubwinshi bw’urusenda rwa pulp leaching no gupima ubucucike bw’urusenda rwa zahabu. Igipimo cya Lonnmeter cyo gupima cyanide cyanagize uruhare mu kugenzura neza kandi mu buryo nyabwo urusenda rwa cyanide mu bikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, byoroshya kugenzura neza imiterere y’urusenda no kugabanya imyanda.
Nubwo gucukura zahabu hakoreshejwe cyanide ari byo byiganje mu nganda, uburyo bwo gucukura zahabu budafite cyanide burimo kwiyongera bitewe n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’amategeko. Ikoranabuhanga rindi nka thiosulfate na hypobromite leaching ritanga ubundi buryo bwo gucukura zahabu butangiza ibidukikije kandi ryagaragaje umusaruro mwiza wo kugarura zahabu mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari n’ubw’igerageza. Urugero, inzira ya Dundee Sustainable Technologies ikoresha sodium hypobromite kugira ngo isimbuze cyanide, igera ku gucukura zahabu byihuse kandi ikuraho ibyago byo kuvurwa no gutabwa muri zahabu hakoreshejwe cyanide. Ariko, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ku rugero runini ribangamiwe n’ibintu birimo ikiguzi, guhuza inzira, no guhuza amabuye y’agaciro.
Guhitamo inzira hagati y’uburyo butarimo cyanide n’ubudakoresha cyanide bishingiye ku kuringaniza ubwiyongere bw’izahabu mu gucukura cyanide, ubushobozi bwa tekiniki, ikiguzi cy’imikorere, ingaruka ku bidukikije, no kubahiriza amategeko. Gucukura cyanide bikomeje kuba uburyo bwiza bwo gucukura kubera uburyo bwo gucukura bwagenwe mu gucukura cyanide ndetse n’ingaruka zishobora gukemuka mu bidukikije iyo bihujwe na sisitemu ikomeye yo kugenzura ubucukuzi bwa cyanide. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gucukura cyanide n’ubundi buryo bworohereza ibidukikije bitanga inzira z’ingenzi ku birombe bihura n’ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwo gukorera ku giti cy’abaturage, ubwoko bw’amabuye y’agaciro bugoye, cyangwa ibidukikije bikomeye bigenzura. Uburyo buri buryo bukoreshwa busaba gusuzuma neza ubucukuzi bwa cyanide budafite ubucukuzi n’ubusigara mu gucukura cyanide, ubucucike bw’ibinure, imiterere y’amazi, n’imbogamizi zihariye ku hantu runaka.
Ubutabire n'uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa mu gusohora Cyanide ya zahabu
Stoichiometry y'ishonga rya zahabu: Ikoranabuhanga rya zahabu, cyanide, na ogisijeni
Uburyo bwo gusohora cyanide ya zahabu bugengwa na stoichiometry isobanurwa na Elsner Equation:
4 Au + 8 CN⁻ + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 [Au (CN) ₂] ⁻ + 4 OH⁻
Iyi reaction igaragaza uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa zahabu y'icyuma, iyoni za cyanide zifunguye (CN⁻), na ogisijeni ya molekile. Buri mole ya ogisijeni ituma molekile enye za zahabu zishonga, aho cyanide ikora ihuriro rihamye rya dicyanoaurate ([Au(CN)₂]⁻). Hagomba kubaho cyanide na ogisijeni bihagije kugira ngo zahabu ikure neza hakoreshejwe gusohora cyanide.
Uruhare rwa Ogisijeni nk'igikangura; Ingaruka z'urwego rwa Ogisijeni rwashongeshejwe ku kinetiki y'amazi
Ogisijeni ikora nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gifasha zahabu gushonga ariko ntikoreshwa mu buryo bwa catalytic - igira uruhare mu buryo busanzwe ariko akenshi ikagabanya umuvuduko w'ibisubizo mu nganda. Uburyo bwo gusohora zahabu, cyane cyane mu kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibinure, bushingiye cyane ku bucucike bwa ogisijeni ishongeshejwe (DO). Iyo cyanide yigenga irenze urugero, kubura ogisijeni bigabanya umuvuduko w'ibinure.
Urugero, ogisijeni nkeya ishongeshejwe igabanya ubushobozi bwo gukurura amazi nubwo cyanide yaba ari nyinshi, mu gihe DO ikabije binyuze mu kongera umwuka, gukurura, cyangwa kongeramo ogisijeni nanobubble bishobora kunoza cyane kinetics no kugarura zahabu. Amakuru ya laboratwari n'aho iherereye agaragaza ko ibipimo bya ogisijeni nyinshi bishobora kurenza urugero rwa ogisijeni iboneka ku buso bwa zahabu bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubwikorezi mu gifu; DO nyayo ku miterere y'ibisubizo akenshi iba iri hasi, bishimangira ko ari ngombwa ko habaho ingamba zo kugenzura no gukwirakwiza ogisijeni.
Ingaruka z'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire (pH) ku mutekano n'imikorere myiza y'urusobe rw'imiti
Gukuramo cyanide kugira ngo hakorwe zahabu bigomba kuba mu mimerere ya alkaline nyinshi, akenshi pH iri hagati ya 10–11.5. Uru rugero rwa pH rutuma cyanide ikomeza kubaho binyuze mu gutuma habaho ubwoko bwa CN⁻ bw’ubusa no gukumira ikorwa rya gaze ya hydrogen cyanide (HCN), isohoka kuri pH iri munsi ya 9.3 kandi igateza ibyago bikomeye by’uburozi.
pH ikunze guhindurwa hakoreshejwe sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), cyangwa lime (Ca(OH)₂), hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhitamo buterwa n’ubwoko bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ubukungu bw’imikorere. Gukoresha lime, cyane cyane hejuru ya pH 11, bishobora kudindiza igipimo cyo gushonga kwa zahabu—ingaruka ziterwa n’impinduka mu mikorere y’urusobe rw’amazi aho kuba umwuka wa ogisijeni. pH nyinshi cyane hamwe na lime bifitanye isano no kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bwo gushonga, cyane cyane iyo hari arsenic cyangwa indi myanda, bitewe n’impinduka mu buso cyangwa mu mikorere ya shimi.
Kugira ngo uburyo bwo gusiga zahabu mu buryo butekanye kandi bunoze, inganda zigezweho za zahabu zikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura pH na cyanide hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya sensor. Ibi bituma uburyo bwo gusiga zahabu mu buryo bwiza buguma mu buryo bwiza bwa alkaline, bigatuza cyanide idafite ubuziranenge, kandi bikarinda ko HCN ibaho nabi, ndetse bikagabanya ikoreshwa rya cyanide no gushonga kw'imyanda idakenewe.
Akamaro k'ubwoko bwa Cyanide: Cyanide idafite Cyanide ugereranije n'ibisigaye bya Cyanide muri gahunda
Mu isesengura ry’ubwinshi bw’ibinure mu gusohora impumuro mbi, si cyanide yose yashongeshejwe iboneka kimwe mu gusohora zahabu. Ubu buryo butandukanya cyanide yigenga n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa cyanide isigaye (ifite imiterere igoye).
- Cyanide y'ubuntu(igiteranyo cya CN⁻ iboneka kandi, iyo pH iri hasi, HCN) ni cyo kintu gikora gituma zahabu ishonga mu buryo butaziguye.
- Cyanide isigayeigizwe n'ibice by'icyuma-cyanide (urugero, birimo umuringa, icyuma, cyangwa zinc). Ubwo bwoko ntibuboneka cyane mu gushonga kwa zahabu, byongera ikoreshwa rya cyanide, kandi ni byo byibasirwa cyane mu gutunganya no gutatanya imyuka ya cyanide bitewe n'ibibazo by'uburozi.
Kugenzura neza urugero rwa cyanide y’ubusa ni ngombwa kugira ngo umusaruro w’izahabu urusheho kwiyongera no kugabanya igihombo cya cyanide. Uburyo bwo gupima ubusa bwa cyanide y’ubusa, harimo n’ibikoresho bigezweho nka Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter yo gupima cyanide, bituma habaho guhindura mu buryo bwihuse inyongera za reagent. Ibi bikomeza imikorere myiza kandi bigagabanya ubusa bwa cyanide isigaye ku rugero rwiza.
Cyanide nyinshi isigaye ishobora kugaragaza ingaruka mbi zitari ngombwa (urugero, ikoreshwa ry'icyuma gisanzwe), kugenzura imikorere idahwitse, cyangwa gukenera imiti ijyanye n'amazi—cyane cyane iyo uhindukiye ukajya mu buryo bwo gusohora zahabu butangiza ibidukikije cyangwa uburyo bwo gusohora zahabu budafite cyanide. Uburyo bugezweho bwo kugarura zahabu bivuye mu gusohora cyanide bukoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo kugenzura imiterere ya cyanide nk'igice cy'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusohora cyanide kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza, umutekano, no kubahiriza ibidukikije.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'umusaruro wa Zahabu Cyanide
Ibiranga amabuye y'agaciro n'uburyo ategurwa
Ubushobozi bwo gukuraho cyanide muri zahabu bushingiye ahanini ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ingano y'uduce twa zahabu, ndetse no ku ikoreshwa ryayo mbere yo kuyatunganya. Amabuye arimo zahabu afungiye mu mabuye y'agaciro ya sulfide, cyane cyane pyrite, azwiho kuba adafite agaciro kandi agaragaza igipimo gito cyo kuyakuramo keretse iyo byagenwe neza. Urugero, ibinure bikungahaye kuri pyrite bisaba igipimo kinini cya cyanide, ariko ibi byongera ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire n'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije bitabujije ko zahabu igaruka neza. Ubwiyongere bw'ibyuma by'ibanze nka umuringa, zinc, cyangwa icyuma bihangana na zahabu kugira ngo ihinduke cyanide, bigatuma ikoreshwa ritagomba gukoreshwa cyane kandi rigakora ibice bya passivation kuri zahabu, bikabuza gushonga.
Amabuye y'agaciro abanza kwiba nka karuboni karemano, n'amabuye y'agaciro ya gangue akuramo imiterere ya zahabu, bigabanya cyane imikorere myiza. Kubwibyo, kumenya neza imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro mbere yo gushushanya imiterere ni ngombwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima bifite ibibazo n'isano imiterere yabyo. Kunoza uburyo bwo gukurura zahabu bikubiyemo kumenya niba zahabu ikoreshwa mu gusya—iboneka kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo butaziguye—cyangwa ifunze neza kandi isaba kuvurwa mbere.
Ingano y'uduce duto igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kuntu zahabu igenda ikura. Gusya neza byongera ubushobozi bwo kugaragara ku buso, byongera umuvuduko wo kugarura ubuziranenge, ariko iyo birengeje ingano nziza, gusya cyane bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bibangamira ihererekanya ry'ibintu kandi bishobora kongera igihombo. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko, ku mabuye menshi y'agaciro, kongera igipimo cya zahabu y'ubuntu ku ishashi runaka bituma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo kubona cyanide no kongerera imbaraga inganda. Gusya neza cyane ni ingirakamaro ku zahabu ifunze cyane ariko bishobora gutuma ikoreshwa cyane cyangwa iterana.
Ingamba zo kubanza gutunganya zitoranywa hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Uburyo bwo gutunganya mbere hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya neza cyane byongera cyane uburyo zahabu icukuwe. Uburyo bwo kuvura nka alkaline cyangwa aside bugabanya sulfide yangiza. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushyuha, nko gukaranga, buhindura sulfide mo okiside, bigatuma zahabu irushaho gusohoka. Gushyiramo lime mbere yo kuyikuramo bikomeza pH kandi bikarinda ko ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima bishobora gushonga kandi bigahinduka. Urugero, guteka alkaline na oxidative mu byiciro bibiri bishobora kongera cyane uburyo amabuye y'agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Carlin asubira inyuma. Ku bijyanye n'imitako yo muri Afurika y'Epfo, guhuza uburyo bwo kuvura mbere yo kuyikuramo zahabu birushaho kunoza igipimo cyo kuyikuramo kurusha uko byakorwaga byombi.
Ibisabwa mu bijyanye no kwigisha imikorere
Kunoza uburyo bwo gushyira Cyanide mu mubiri
Kwiyongera kwa cyanide mu gisubizo bigomba gucungwa neza. Kuba cyanide idahagije igabanya gushonga, mu gihe irenze urugero yongera ikiguzi n'umutwaro ku bidukikije nta kongera ubwiyongere bw'izahabu. Inyigo zerekana ko hafi 600 ppm ari urwego rwiza ku mabuye amwe n'amwe, bigafasha gushonga burundu ariko bikagabanya gutakaza. Gukurikirana buri gihe ukwiyongera kwa cyanide no gukoresha uburyo bwikora—hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter—bituma hongerwamo reagent ihuye n'ibisabwa kandi igatuma ikiguzi cy'imikorere kigabanuka.
Ubucucike bw'umuvuduko w'amazi n'ibinure
Ubucucike bw'ibinure—ikigereranyo cy'ibinure biva ku mazi—bigira uruhare runini mu kohereza ubunini no kugarura zahabu. Ubucucike buke bw'ibinure byongera uburyo zahabu isohoka bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'uburyo igenda kandi igera ku binure ariko byongera ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha mu gukoresha amazi n'ibinure. Ubucucike bwinshi bugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibinure ariko bushobora gutuma bitava ku binure bidasohoka neza bitewe n'uburyo bubi bwo kohereza ubunini. Isesengura ryitondewe ry'uburyo ibinure bisohoka n'ubucucike bw'ibinure bisohoka n'ubucucike bw'ibinure bisohoka nibyo bikenewe kugira ngo ibikorwa birusheho kugenda neza.
Kurwanya no Kugenzura Ubushyuhe
Gukangura neza ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma uduce duto duhagarara kandi bigatuma habaho gukorana neza hagati ya cyanide yashongeshejwe na zahabu. Igipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukangura akenshi cyongera ubushobozi bwo gukangura, cyane cyane ku mabuye ashobora gucika cyangwa kwibumbira hamwe kw'uduce. Ariko, gukangura cyane bishobora gutera igihombo cyangwa imikorere idahwitse ya ogisijeni. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bihita bishonga, ariko ubushyuhe bwo gukora bugomba kuba buringaniye—ubushyuhe bwinshi bwihutisha igipimo cyo gukangura ariko bunatuma cyanide itakaza binyuze mu guhindagurika cyangwa kubora.
Igenzura ry'igihe cyo gusora
Igihe cyo gusohora amazi kigomba kuba kirekire bihagije kugira ngo ishonga irangire ariko kibe gito bihagije kugira ngo ikoreshwa neza kandi igabanye ikoreshwa rya cyanide. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko gukoresha imiti ivangavanze ishobora kugabanya igihe gisabwa cyo gukorana n'amazi mu buryo bukabije mu gihe binongera gukira muri rusange. Igihe gito cyo gusohora amazi mu buryo bufatika hamwe n'imikorere myiza y'imiti bigabanya ibyo umuntu akeneye mu gukora, amafaranga akoreshwa mu gukora, n'ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Gugenzura neza igihe cyo gusohora amazi ni ngombwa kugira ngo hahuzwe ikoreshwa ry'imiti n'uburyo bwo kuyikuramo ku bwoko runaka bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
Gushyira hamwe witonze uburyo amabuye y’agaciro agaragazwa, guhitamo mbere yo kuyatunganya, kugenzura ubucucike bw’ibinure, kugenzura buri gihe ingano ya cyanide, no guhindura imiterere y’imikorere y’ibipimo by’imikorere, ni byo bishyigikira uburyo bwo gukura zahabu bugezweho kandi bunoze hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa cyanide.
Uburyo bwo gupima no kugenzura ubushobozi bw'umuntu mu buryo burambuye
Ibisubizo byo Gukurikirana Ibigezweho
Uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bwa cyanide burimo sensors za amperometric na ligand exchange reactions, bituma hagaragazwa neza kandi mu buryo butaziguye, bukwiriye gusesengura ubucucike bwa pulp leaching na gold leachate flows. Ibipimo by'ingenzi nka free cyanide na WAD cyanide bigomba gupimwa kugira ngo hagenzurwe uburyo bwo gukora no kubahiriza ibidukikije, kuko imipaka y'amategeko ubu isaba gukurikirana buri gihe ubucucike bwa cyanide busigaye muri gold leachate. Ibikoresho bishyirwa ku murongo, bishyirwa ahantu hakomeye muri circuit, bituma habaho kugenzura neza uburyo cyanide ikoreshwa kandi bigatanga umuburo hakiri kare ku bijyanye n'uburyo ibintu bigenda bihinduka.
Ibikoresho byo gupima bya Ultrasonic, byagaragajwe na Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter, bikoreshwa mu kugenzura ubucucike bwa cyanide na pulp mu miyoboro y’amazi. Iki gipimo gikoresha amahame yo kohereza ultrasonic kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka mu bucucike bw’umuti ujyanye n’ubucucike bwa cyanide na zahabu. Gupima bitaziguye bituma abakora basuzuma ako kanya imikorere y’ikoreshwa rya zahabu, kunoza uburyo bwo guhumeka no guhindagurika, no kubungabunga uburyo bwo gukora ibintu. Igishushanyo cya Lonnmeter gishyigikira kwandika amakuru mu buryo bwikora kandi bwikora mu buryo bwihuse no guhuza na sisitemu zo kugenzura ibiti. Urugero, iyo ukurikirana ubucucike bwa pulp, Lonnmeter itanga ibitekerezo bihoraho, bigabanya gukenera gupima ubucucike bwa laboratwari kandi bigatuma habaho impinduka zihuse ku bucucike bwa pulp kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gusohora pulp no kugarura zahabu.
Mu by’ukuri, ibi bisubizo bigezweho bitanga:
- Amakuru yihuse kuri cyanide n'ubucucike, binoza uburyo dose ikoreshwa neza.
- Kongera kubahiriza amategeko agenga isohoka n'imizi y'ibisigazwa bitewe n'amakuru akoreshwa mu gusiga cyanide.
- Kuzigama ibikorwa, kuko gukosora ibikorwa bishobora gukorwa vuba.
Ingamba zo Kugenzura Ibitekerezo
Igenzura ry’imikorere ryikora rikoresha amakuru yo gupima mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo rikomeze kunoza inyunganizi, ubucucike bw’ibinure, n’umwuka mu gukuramo zahabu hakoreshejwe inyunganizi ya cyanide. Ihame ry’ingenzi ni ibitekerezo—ibipimo bya sensor mu gihe nyacyo byoherezwa ku bagenzura imiterere ya logic (PLC), hanyuma bagahindura mu buryo bwikora inyunganizi ya cyanide, inyunganizi za destruction, n’inyongera za leaching. Ibi bikuraho amakosa yo gupima intoki, bigashimangira uburyo inyunganizi ya leaching ikoreshwa, kandi bigagabanya ikoreshwa rya cyanide.
Ingamba zo gutanga ibitekerezo ku mikorere zirimo:
- Uburyo bwo gutekereza bushingiye ku mategeko, bushyiraho imipaka n'igipimo cy'ingano hashingiwe ku bipimo bya cyanide byashyizweho.
- Uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere bushingiye ku gishushanyo, busobanura amakuru ya multi-sensors—cyanide, ubucucike, pH, ogisijeni yashongeshejwe—kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo kugarura zahabu.
- Gupima umurongo uhoraho bituma gupima ubucucike bw'umushongi wa zahabu kugira ngo bishyigikire ihinduka ry'umuvuduko noimiterere y'urutare.
Ingamba zo kugenzura ibitekerezo byikora zigabanya ikoreshwa rya cyanide, imyanda ikomoka ku binyabutabire, n'ihindagurika ry'imikorere. Urugero, inyigo zavuye mu bikorwa by'ubucuruzi zigaragaza ko ikoreshwa rya cyanide ryagabanutseho kugeza kuri 21%, aho gukira kwa zahabu bikomeza kuba byiza cyangwa bikarushaho kuba byiza bitewe n'imiterere myiza y'ibinyabutabire hamwe n'igenzura ryiza ry'imikorere. Kugaruka kwa zahabu ikomoka ku binyabutabire bya cyanide bigira akamaro kataziguye mu gupima ibinyabutabire mu buryo buhamye kandi bugenzurwa neza.
Sisitemu zihujwe zo gutanga ibitekerezo zishyigikira ubundi buryo bwo gusohora zahabu butangiza ibidukikije binyuze mu kugenzura neza urugero rwa cyanide, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, no kunoza uburyo bwo kwangiza cyangwainzira zo kugarura ubuzimaGupima hakoreshejwe uburyo bwikora bushingiye ku bipimo byo kuri interineti biruta uburyo bwo gupima hakoreshejwe intoki, butinda kandi bushobora kugorana cyane.
Muri make, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusohora cyanide rihuza ibipimo bya inline—nk'ukoIgipimo cya Ultrasonic Concentration cya Lonnmeter—hamwe no kugenzura uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo byikora. Ubu buryo bunoza buri cyiciro, kuva ku gusesengura ibyiciro by’ibinure biva mu bimera kugeza ku gutunganya no gutatanya ibinure bya cyanide, bigatuma habaho imikorere myiza no kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’ibidukikije n’umutekano.
Kunoza Imikorere no Kunoza Uburyo bwo Kugarura Ibintu
Amakuru yo gupima mu gihe nyacyo ni yo shingiro ry’imikorere igezweho mu gikorwa cyo gukuraho cyanide ya zahabu. Ibikoresho nk'ibipimo bya Lonnmeter bipima ultrasonic bitanga isuzuma ry’ukuri kandi rihoraho ry’ubwinshi bwa cyanide y’ubuntu n’ubucucike bw’amazi, biha ababikora amakuru akenewe kugira ngo bahindure imikorere mu buryo buhamye. Ibi birimo kugenzura uburyo cyanide ikoreshwa mu buryo bwikora, bikomeza imiterere y’ibipimo kandi bikagabanya ihindagurika ry’imikorere. Urugero, kubungabunga cyanide y’ubuntu mu gihe kiri hagati ya ± 10% by’aho ibintu bishyirwa bihagarara bituma uburyo bwo gukuraho bwaba bwiza nta gukoresha umutungo mwinshi cyangwa gutakaza zahabu, ndetse n’igihe ubwiza bw’amabuye cyangwa umusaruro wayo bihinduka.
Guhindura ibintu mu buryo buhamye, bikorwa binyuze mu kugenzura cyanide idasibangana, bituma habaho kwihutisha mu kugenzura imiyoboro y’amazi. Sisitemu zo kongeramo amazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, zigaburirwa amakuru aboneka mu gihe nyacyo, zigabanya ibyago byo kudakoresha neza (bigatuma igipimo cyo gukuramo zahabu kigabanuka) ndetse no kuyikoresha cyane (bikongera ikiguzi cy’ibinyabutabire n’inshingano zo kurengera ibidukikije). Amakuru aturuka mu byuma bisesengura ibintu biri mu murongo ahuzwa neza n’isesengura ry’ibipimo by’amazi mu gusohora impumuro n’imikorere yo gupima ubucucike, bigatanga amakuru ku muvuduko wo kuvanga, igipimo cyo guhumeka, n’ibindi bintu by’ingenzi mu gukuramo zahabu hakoreshejwe cyanide.
Gukoresha neza bikomeza kugeza ku rwego rwo hasi: uburyo amakuru ahujwe ashyigikira uburyo bwo kuvoma karuboni (CIP / CIL) n'uburyo bwo kuvoma zinc, bigahindura imiterere y'uburyo ibintu bigenda bitewe n'uko cyanide ihari ubu. Mu buryo bwo kuvoma karuboni, urugero rwa cyanide rugenzurwa neza rutuma karuboni idakora neza cyangwa ngo ibure amahirwe yo gufata, mu gihe guhindura pH na karuboni bishingiye ku miterere y'amazi mu gihe nyacyo bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kuvoma zahabu hejuru ya 98% mu mabuye akomeye. Ku bijyanye no kuvoma zinc, cyane cyane mu byo kurya bifite icyuma kinini (nk'umuringa na zinc), kugumana ubunini bwiza bwa cyanide mu mazi ya zahabu birinda gukoresha zinc nyinshi no kudakoresha ingaruka mbi - binongera uburyo bwo kugarura ibintu mu buryo butaziguye.
Uburyo bwa SART, bukoreshwa aho ibyuma by'ibanze bibangamira cyane, nabwo bwungukira ku gupima cyanide. Gugenzura byikora ku ntambwe zo gushyira sulfide no gupima aside, biyobowe n'amakuru ya cyanide y'ubuntu mu gihe nyacyo, bituma zinc na umuringa bikurwaho mu buryo bwihariye, ibyo bikaba byoroshya kongera gukoresha cyanide mu gusohora amazi mu buryo buhoraho. Ibi bigabanya ikoreshwa rya cyanide muri rusange, byongera ubushobozi bwo kugarura zahabu mu gusohora amazi mu cyanide, kandi bigashyigikira uburyo bwo gusohora zahabu mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije.
Mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire, imikoranire iri hagati yo kugenzura vuba ubucucike bwa cyanide no kugenzura ibikorwa ntibishobora kurenza urugero. Mu gukumira ko cyanide yongeramo cyane, inganda zigabanya cyane ikiguzi kandi zikagabanya ikoreshwa ry’imyanda ihumanya. Muri icyo gihe, kugumana igipimo gito gishoboka cya cyanide birinda ibyago byo gukurwaho burundu cyangwa gufatirwa zahabu, bigatuma umusaruro wiyongera cyane. Sisitemu zo mu murongo,bitewe nuko zirwanya kubangamira ubushyuhe bw'amazi cyangwa urujya n'uruza ruhindagurika, zikwiriye cyane muri iyi ntego—zitanga amakuru yizewe kandi ashobora gukoreshwa kuri buri cyiciro cyo gutunganya no gutatanya amazi ya cyanide.
Umusaruro mwiza wa zahabu uboneka binyuze mu guhuza ibipimo by'umuyoboro wa zahabu n'inzira zo kugarura, byose bishyigikiwe no gukurikirana neza kandi ku buryo buhoraho. Guhindura uburyo bwo gutunganya, bishingirwaho n'ibipimo by'ubwinshi bwa cyanide n'ubucucike, birema sisitemu ifunganye ifasha kongera inyungu mu gihe iteza imbere uburambe n'umutekano mu gusohora cyanide muri zahabu. Ubu buryo bwemerera ibikorwa gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusohora cyanide mu buryo bwa gakondo n'ubudakoresha cyanide, bugakomeza kunoza imikorere kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza, kugarura, no kubahiriza amategeko bitewe na sisitemu zikomeye zo kugenzura zikoresha amakuru.
Uburyo bwo kugarura zahabu
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Imicungire y'ibidukikije mu gucukura zahabu ya Cyanide
Gucunga neza ibidukikije mu gikorwa cyo gukuraho cyanide ya zahabu bishingiye ku gusukura, kuvura no gufata neza ibyavuye mu cyanide n'ibisigazwa byayo. Ikoranabuhanga n'amabwiriza byateye imbere mu guhangana n'ibyasigaye bya cyanide, bigabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije no ku buzima bw'abantu.
Gukuraho uburozi, kuvura no gucunga imiyoboro ya Cyanide Leachate
Uburyo bwo gukuraho uburozi mu gusohora cyanide bushyira imbere gusenya no gukuraho ubwoko bwa cyanide buhumanya. Gukuraho uburozi mu binyabutabire biracyari ibisanzwe, bihindura cyanide yigenga kandi idahumanya aside (WAD) mo ubwoko bwizewe nka cyanate, idahumanya cyane kandi ibora byoroshye. Guhuza ibikoresho byo gusesengura inzira za interineti na sisitemu zikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura cyanide byikora byatumye ibimera bijya mu micungire y’ibanze, bigabanya uburozi buvamo.
Gucunga imiyoboro y'amazi bishingiye ku bikoresho byabugenewe byo kubika imiyoboro y'amazi (TSFs) byagenewe kubikamo ibintu bisigaye bya cyanide. Uburyo bwiza burimo gukoresha imiyoboro ibiri, uburyo bwo gukusanya amazi asohoka, no kugenzura buri gihe uburinganire bw'amazi. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura imiterere y'amazi bufasha gukumira kwinjira mu mazi yo munsi y'ubutaka no kwanduza amazi yo hejuru. Amasezerano agenga imikorere ya TSF mu gace runaka ajyanye n'ibintu bitandukanye nko mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere n'ingaruka z'amazi mu karere, hamwe n'amabwiriza y'umutekano agaragaza ibikorwa byo kurinda ibinyabuzima n'umutungo kamere w'amazi yo mu gace.
Gucunga amazi mu buryo bwuzuye ni itegeko, birimo kongera gukoresha amazi, kuyatunganya mbere yo kuyasohora, no gutegura ingamba zo guhangana n’ibibazo byangiritse ku butaka. Gahunda zo kwitegura mu gihe cy’ibiza zikubiyemo amakuru ajyanye no gukurikirana ibikorwa mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo byihutishe guhangana n’ikibazo mu gihe habayeho kumena cyangwa kwangirika.
Gukurikirana no kugabanya ubucucike bwa Cyanide busigaye
Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko risaba ko habaho igenzura rihoraho kandi ryimbitse ry’ibisigazwa bya cyanide mu myanda iva mu bimera n’imyanda iva mu myanda. Gupima ubunini bw’ibisigazwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga nk’ubuIgipimo cy'ubuhanga bwa ultrasound cya Lonnmetern'ibikoresho by'ubucuruzi bikoresha ligand exchange amperometry bituma hakorwa isesengura ryimbitse ry'ubwoko bwa cyanide y'ubuntu na WAD cyanide mu migezi ya zahabu itemba.
Izi sisitemu zishyigikira:
- Kugenzura ikoreshwa rya cyanide hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibinini bigabanya ubukana bw’ibinini mu gihe birinda imikorere myiza yo kugarura zahabu.
- Guhuza mu buryo butaziguye n'ibikorwa byo gusenya cyanide, bifasha mu gucunga neza amahame ngenderwaho yo gusohora amazi n'impushya zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
- Kohereza amakuru kure mu bikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kunoza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru mu buryo bw'ikirere no mu mikorere.
Gukurikirana buri gihe ku mupaka wo gushakisha kugeza kuri 10 ppb bituma abakora ibikorwa byabo bubahiriza ibisabwa bikomeye by’umutekano mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Sisitemu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zigabanya amakosa yo gufata ingero z’amakuru n’intoki, zigagabanya imiyoboro y’ibitekerezo, kandi zigatanga igihe cy’isesengura ry’ibibazo mu gihe habayeho guhindagurika kw’ibikorwa.
Kugabanya Inzira y'Ibidukikije mu gihe habungabungwa uburyo ibikorwa bikorerwa
Guhuza ubwiyongere bw'izahabu mu kurengera ingaruka ku bidukikije bisaba ibirenze gukurikirana buri gihe. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kongera gukoresha cyanide ryemerera kongera gukoresha cyanide mu gucukura zahabu, bigabanura mu buryo butaziguye imyanda ihumanya ndetse n'ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha, ariko kandi bigakomeza kugabanya igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'izahabu. Gukoresha ubu buryo bigabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije kandi bigahuza ibikorwa n'amahame ngenderwaho ku isi.
Muri ubwo buryo, ahantu hacukurwa zahabu hakomeje kugerageza uburyo bwo gukurura zahabu budafite cyanide, harimo thiosulfate, glycine, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda ibidukikije. Aho cyanide idakwiye kwirindwa, gupima ubucucike bw'isuku ya zahabu n'isesengura ry'ubwinshi bw'isuku ya pulp bishyigikira ikoreshwa ryiza ry'isuku, kugabanya ingano ikenewe no kugabanya uburozi bw'isuku ya tailings.
Uburyo bushya, nko kugabanya gukaranga no gutandukanya ingufu za rukuruzi mu gutunganya imyanda, bigabanya kwishingikiriza kuri cyanide kandi bigatuma ibyuma by'agaciro biva mu myanda bigaruka neza. Uburyo bwiza bwo gushakisha aho hantu bushyirwa bushimangira imiterere ikomeye y'inyubako, kubahiriza amategeko, no kugira uruhare mu baturage kugira ngo bagabanye kurekurwa kw'imyanda mu buryo butunguranye no kwemeza ko imicungire yayo ihuye n'ingaruka mu buzima bwose bw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
Inyigo zakozwe n’inzego nka Kenya na Ositaraliya zigaragaza ko gukoresha ubu buryo buri gihe bigabanya cyane ingaruka mbi ziterwa no gukurura cyanide, ndetse no mu bihe bigoye by’amategeko cyangwa imikorere.
Amaherezo, imicungire y’ibidukikije mu gusohora cyanide muri zahabu isaba guhuza ubuhanga mu gusohora amazi mu ruganda, kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gupima, n’uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura imikorere y’inganda mu bijyanye n’imyanda no kugenzura imikorere yayo. Ubu buryo buhuriweho butuma zahabu ikomeza kumererwa neza mu baturage no mu bidukikije, ariko kandi bugatuma ikoreshwa neza mu kugarura zahabu.
Udushya mu gucukura zahabu idafite cyanide
Uburyo bushya bwo gucukura zahabu budafite cyanide burimo kwiyongera mu gihe inganda z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro zishaka ubundi buryo bwizewe kandi burambye bwo gucukura zahabu. Ubu buryo bukemura ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye no kwanduza ibidukikije, umutekano w’abakozi, n’uburenganzira bwa rubanda, mu gihe bukomeza imipaka ya tekiniki yo kugarura zahabu.
Kuboha Thiosulfate
Kuyungurura thiosulfate byabaye inzira ikomeye yo kutagira cyanide, bituma zahabu ikurwa mu mabuye adashobora gushonga, bigatuma zahabu ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe bwo kuyiyungurura. Igipimo cyo kuyungurura izahabu gishobora kugera kuri 87% ku mabuye akomeye kandi afite sulfide nyinshi—cyane cyane iyo ammonia na plastike y'umuringa bibaho nk'ibitera imbaraga. Inyongeramusaruro, nka ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, yongera umusaruro kandi ikoreshwa rike, bigabanyiriza ikiguzi ndetse n'ibidukikije. Gukoresha magnetiation ya plastike y'umuringa-ammonia-thiosulfate birushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo gushonga, bikongera igipimo cyo gushonga no kugira ogisijeni, bigatuma zahabu izamukaho hafi 4.74% ugereranije n'uburyo butari bufite magnetique. Ariko, kuyungurura izahabu bishobora gukomeza kuba bike ku mabuye abiri adashobora gushonga aho zahabu ifungirwa cyane n'amabuye y'agaciro, bishimangira akamaro ko gukoresha mineraliology mu guhitamo inzira.
Kunywesha Glycine
Glycine—aside amine isanzwe, ishobora kubora—inakora nk'umusemburo mwiza wo gukuraho zahabu. Uburyo bwo gukuraho zahabu butanga ubushobozi bwo guhitamo neza no kugira uburozi buke, aho igipimo cyagaragajwe cyo gukuramo zahabu kirenga 90% ku mabuye amwe n'amwe yo hasi iyo yongereweho ibikoresho nka iyoni z'umuringa n'uburyo bwo kuyitunganya mbere yo kuyikoresha. Ubu buryo buzwiho kuba bufite umutekano mwiza kandi bufite ingaruka nke ku butaka n'amazi, ugereranije no gukuraho cyanide. Nyamara, uburyo bwo gukora n'ibiciro by'ibikoresho, hamwe n'ibisabwa mu buryo bwihariye bwo kuyikoresha, bishobora gutanga imbogamizi mu kuyikoresha. Inyigo z'inganda muri Ositaraliya na Kanada zigaragaza ko bishoboka mu rwego rwa tekiniki no mu bukungu, ariko ishyirwa mu bikorwa rishingira ku isesengura ryimbitse ry'uburyo bwo gukuraho zahabu, gukurikirana neza inzira, no guhuza n'ibiryo byihariye by'ikirombe.
Gusukura Chloride na Halogen
Uburyo bwo gusohora amazi bushingiye kuri kloride n'izindi halogens butanga ubundi buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha amabuye adashobora guhindurwa n'imizingo ya kera, bukemura ibibazo aho gusohora cyanide kugira ngo icukure zahabu bihura n'ibibazo bitewe no gufunga amabuye cyangwa imipaka y'amategeko. Gusohora amazi hakoreshejwe okiside nka sodium hypochlorite na aside hydrochloric bishobora kunoza gukira kwa zahabu kuva mu mizingo idashobora guhindurwa ku kigero kirenga 40%. Izi nzira zikora mu bihe bya aside kandi zihuzwa neza n'uburyo bwo kuvura mbere nka bio-oxidation cyangwa oxidation y'umuvuduko kugira ngo hafungurwe zahabu idashobora kuboneka mu byuma by'ibanze by'amabuye y'agaciro. Imbogamizi mu mikorere zirimo umutekano wo gucunga reagents no gucunga ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire mu gihe cyose cy'iyi gahunda. Isuzuma ry'ubuzima rigaragaza ko ubushobozi bwo gushyuha kw'isi buri hasi ugereranije n'amapaji asanzwe ya cyanide, ariko kandi rinagaragaza ko hakenewe uburyo bukomeye bwo gukora.
Uburyo buhanitse bushingiye ku bisubizo
Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekana ibintu bishya bigamije gukurura zahabu mu buryo bwo guhitamo, bwihuse kandi bunoze. Sisitemu zishingiye kuri sodium cyanate, iyo zikozwe hakoreshejwe sodium hydroxide na sodium ferrocyanide ku bushyuhe bwinshi, zigaragaza igipimo cyo gusohora cya 87.56% mu bintu bivanze no hejuru ya 90% mu kongera gukoresha imyanda mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Ingufu n'uburyo bwo guhitamo biterwa na sodium isocyanate nk'ubwoko bukora. Uburyo bwa CLEVR, bukoresha sodium hypochlorite cyangwa hypobromite mu buryo bufunze kandi bufunze, butanga umusaruro wa zahabu urenze 95% mu masaha make, ugereranije n'amasaha arenga 36 yo gukwirakwiza cyanate mu buryo bwa kera. Ubu buryo butanga ibisigazwa bidafite amazi kandi bukuraho burundu imyanda ihumanya n'ibidendezi by'imyanda, bigatuma bikurura ahantu haterwa ikibazo cyo gutunganya no gutatanya cyanate.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha aside hydroiodic bukoreshwa muri situ butanga izindi ntambwe zo gushonga zahabu iva mu binyabutabire byakoreshejwe, cyane cyane imyanda yo mu nganda, hamwe n’imyanda igabanya reagent kandi ikabasha kubaho neza mu bukungu. Ubu buryo bugaragaza ko, hamwe n’imiterere myiza n’igenzura ry’ibikorwa mu gihe nyacyo—nk’uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bwa cyanide no gupima ubucucike bwa zahabu—uburyo budafite cyanide bushobora kurenga cyanide cyangwa bukayirenza haba mu mikorere myiza no mu bidukikije.
Isesengura ry'igereranya
Uburyo bwo gukora neza:Uburyo bwo gukuramo cyanide budafite magnetized thiosulfate na hypochlorite leaching bugaragaza uburyo bwo gukuramo cyanide kandi umusaruro wegereza, cyangwa mu buryo bumwe na bumwe ukarenga uwo gukoresha cyanide ya zahabu. Sisitemu za glycine nazo zitanga umusaruro ushimishije ku mabuye yatoranijwe.
Umutekano:Uburyo bwo kutagira cyanide bukuraho ingaruka mbi z’uburozi ziterwa n’ubwinshi bwa cyanide mu icupa rya zahabu. Ahantu ho gukorera hararushaho kuba heza, kandi ingaruka zo gukoresha imiti zigabanuka cyane. Ariko, kwita ku bintu birwanya okiside na halogen biracyari ingenzi.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije:Gusukura amazi mu butaka bidafite cyanide bitanga imyanda idateza akaga gake, byoroshya uburyo bwo gutunganya no guta imyanda mu butaka, kandi bigabanya ingaruka ku mazi no ku butaka. Isuzuma ry’ubuzima bwe ryemeza iterambere rigaragara ku miyoboro ya cyanide, aho sisitemu zifunganye kandi zitarimo uburozi ari zo zikora neza cyane.
Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gusohora zahabu mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije bushingiye ku miterere y'amabuye y'agaciro, kugenzura ibidukikije byo mu gace runaka, no kwitegura imikorere. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura bigezweho, nka Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter yo gupima cyanide, biracyari ingenzi mu nzira zose z'ibikorwa, bishimangira ko imikorere y'amabuye y'agaciro mu gusohora zahabu mu buryo bunoze—haba hari cyanide cyangwa idahari—kandi binashyigikira ibikorwa bikomeye byo gukura zahabu mu buryo bunoze.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni akahe kamaro ko gupima ubunini bwa cyanide mu gikorwa cyo gukuraho zahabu ya cyanide?
Gupima neza igipimo cya cyanide y'ubusa ni ingenzi kugira ngo inzira yo gukuramo cyanide y'izahabu ikore neza. Cyanide y'ubusa ihagarariye igice cy'imiti gikoreshwa mu gukora imiterere ya zahabu-cyanide, bigatuma zahabu ishongeshwa mu buryo bwo kuyikuramo. Cyanide y'ubusa idahagije ishobora kugabanya igipimo cyo gushonga kwa zahabu, ikagabanya umusaruro muri rusange; cyanide y'ubusa itera ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire mu buryo busesuye kandi byongera ibyago byo kwanduza ibidukikije n'ikiguzi cyo kuyitunganya. Abasesenguzi bakoresha interineti bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, bitandukanye no gukoresha intoki, batanga igenzura ry'igihe nyacyo ryemerera kugenzura uburyo cyanide ikoreshwa kandi bagashyigikira kubahiriza amahame agenga isohoka ry'amazi. Iyi mikorere igabanya imyanda ya shimi kandi ishimangira umutekano w'imikorere, nk'uko bigaragazwa mu bushakashatsi aho igipimo cyiza cya cyanide y'ubusa kigera kuri 600 ppm cyongera ubushobozi bwo kugarura zahabu hamwe n'umutwaro mu bidukikije.
Ni gute ubucucike bw'amazi acukuwe mu ruganda bugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amazi acukuwe mu ruganda rwa zahabu rwa cyanide?
Ubucucike bw'amatafari (cyangwa pulp) bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ihererekanya ry'ibintu, kuvanga, ndetse no kuboneka kwa cyanide na ogisijeni kugira ngo zahabu ishonge. Ubucucike bucunzwe neza butuma uduce twa zahabu tugera ku bintu bihindura imiterere y'amabuye kandi bugatuma imikorere y'amabuye ihinduka. Urugero, kugabanya ubucucike bw'amatafari bishobora kongera gukira kwa zahabu binyuze mu koroshya gukurura no gukorana n'ibintu bihindura imiterere y'amabuye, mu gihe ubucucike bwinshi cyane bushobora kwangiza kuvanga no kongera ikoreshwa rya cyanide. Guhindura ubucucike bw'amatafari, hamwe n'ibintu nka pH n'ubushyuhe, bishobora kongera cyane igipimo cyo gukuramo zahabu no kugabanya igihe cyo kuvanga, cyane cyane ku mabuye yo hasi. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko uburinganire bukwiye hagati y'igipimo cy'amazi n'ibintu bivangiye bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya cyanide mu gihe imikorere yabyo yikuba kabiri ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter mu kugenzura uko pulp leaching ikora?
Igipimo cya Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter gifasha kugenzura mu buryo butabangamira ubwinshi bw'amazi n'ubucucike bw'amazi mu buryo butunguranye. Igishushanyo cyacyo cya ultrasonek-on, kitari icya kirimbuzi, cyirinda gukorana n'ibintu biteje akaga, bikuraho ibyago byo kuva amazi kandi bikongera umutekano, cyane cyane mu bidukikije byangiza. Igikoresho gitanga ubuziranenge bwo gupima ku kigero cya 0.3% kandi gihuza neza na sisitemu zo kugenzura imikorere ya PLC/DCS kugira ngo kirusheho gukora. Abakoresha bashobora kunoza ikoreshwa rya reagent no guhindura ingano y'amazi ako kanya kugira ngo bakomeze kugarura zahabu mu buryo buhamye. Icyuma cya metering kidakomeza gukoreshwa kandi kiramba, kirwanya ingese gihuye n'ibihe bikomeye byo gucukura kandi gishyigikira ubwizigirwa bw'igihe kirekire. Mu bikorwa bitandukanye kuva ku gusohora cyanide ya zahabu kugeza ku gukora ibirahuri by'amazi, Lonnmeter itanga ibitekerezo by'igihe gito byongera ubuziranenge bw'imikorere, igabanya imyanda, kandi ikagira uruhare mu kubahiriza amategeko.
Ese gukira zahabu bishobora kugerwaho hatabayeho gukoresha cyanide?
Yego, hari ubundi buryo bwo gusohora zahabu budafite cyanide. Ubuhanga bukoresha thiosulfate, sisitemu ya chloride, glycine, aside trichloroisocyanuric, na reagents za sodium cyanate bwagaragaje ko igipimo cyo kugarura zahabu akenshi kirenga 87-90%. Ubu buryo ntibugira uburozi, bushobora kongera gukoreshwa, kandi bufite akamaro ku mabuye y'agaciro n'imyanda y'ikoranabuhanga. Gukoresha kwabwo biterwa n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ikiguzi, uburyo bugoye bwo kuyitunganya, n'amategeko agenga aho ikoreshwa. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa riratandukanye: imishinga imwe, nka REVIVE SSMB, igaragaza ko irambye kandi ifite akamaro kanini, mu gihe indi ihura n'ibibazo by'imikorere n'imibereho myiza. Nubwo uburyo budafite cyanide butanga inyungu ku bidukikije kandi bwujuje amahame akomeye y'umutekano, ubushobozi bwabwo bwo gutunganya mu nganda bugomba kwita ku kiguzi cy'reagents no guhuza ibikorwa remezo bihari.
Kuki ari ngombwa kugenzura ubwinshi bwa cyanide isigaye mu gihe cyo gusohora zahabu na nyuma yayo?
Kugenzura ubwinshi bwa cyanide isigaye ni ingenzi mu kurengera ibidukikije no mu mutekano w'abantu. Cyanide isigaye mu icukurwa ry'amazi itera ibyago bikomeye by'uburozi kandi igomba gucungwa kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yo gusohora. Uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gusiga imiti, kwangiza ibidukikije hakoreshejwe mikorobe zihariye, gushyiramo karubone ikora, na fotokalisiyumu birakoreshwa kugira ngo bigabanye urugero rwa cyanide mbere yo gusohora imyanda. Kugenzura neza mu gihe cyo gucukura zahabu bituma zahabu igaruka neza kandi bikagabanya ingano ya cyanide isigaye, bigagabanya ibyifuzo byo kuyitunganya. Kutubahiriza amategeko bitera ubwandu n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubuzima bw'abaturage n'ibinyabuzima biri hafi aho. Gucunga cyanide neza bihuza n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuringaniza inyungu z'ubukungu n'ibidukikije kandi bigashyigikira uburenganzira bw'abaturage mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-26-2025
