Gupima neza ubucucike bw'amazi ni ingenzi mu gukora acetonitrile (methyl cyanide). Guhindagurika cyane kwa acetonitrile no kuvanga amazi mu buryo bugoye, bisaba amakuru ahoraho kugira ngo haboneke neza uburyo bwo kugarura amazi no kuyabyaza umusaruro.
Ubucucike bw'ibinyabutabire mu buryo burambuye bugabanya ibyiciro bitari ibya specific no gutakaza ibikoresho mu nganda zikora ibintu. Gupima mu buryo bufatika ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ubuziranenge bwa API, kugarura neza solvent, no kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije ziterwa no gucunga ibicuruzwa bya neonicotinoids.
Neonicotinoids ni iki?
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Urugendo rw'Inziraof AsetonitrileUmusaruro
Gukora acetonitrile mu nganda (methyl cyanide) bishingiye ku nzira eshatu z'ingenzi: uburyo bwo guhumeka, gusimbuza nucleophilic, no guhinduranya ester. Inzira nyamukuru ni umusaruro ukomoka ku gukora acrylonitrile, bisaba gusya ibice kugira ngo bitandukanywe. Guhuza acetaldehyde na ammonia n'umwuka hejuru ya bismuth molybdate bitanga acetonitrile, ariko bigira uruhare ruto bitewe n'umusaruro muke.
Guhinduranya ibinyabutabire mu buryo bwa nucleophilic bikoresha haloethane na cyanides, bitanga CH₃CH₂CN, ariko ntibikunze kubaho ku rugero runaka bitewe n’ingaruka z’ibiryo by’inka ndetse no kugabanuka kw’ikiguzi. Guhinduranya ester, nko guhinduranya acetamide, bifite umusaruro muke mu nganda. Acetonitrile's riking point (81.6°C) hamwe no kuvanga burundu hamwe no gutandukanya amazi mu buryo bworoshye—gupima ubucucike bw’inline binoza intambwe zo kongera gukoresha no gutunganya.
Acetonitrile ihabwa agaciro nk'umusemburo wa polar aprotic mu gukora imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umwimerere no mu gukora API, ifite uruhare runini mu gukora imiti yica udukoko twa neonicotinoid. Gucunga neza imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umusemburo byongera ubuziranenge, umusaruro, n'umutekano mu kongera gukoresha crystallization no gutunganya amazi mu buryo bukurikira.
Gukurikirana ubucucikeImbogamizimuriAsetonitrileUmusaruro
Uburyo bwihuse bwo gukora acetonitrile busaba igenzura ryihuse kugira ngo hagenzurwe uburyo bwo gukora vuba hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwihuse. Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwihuse, nk’ubwo mu nzira zo gukora amoxidation, busaba ko ibintu bihita bisubirwamo bitewe n’ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko. Ibiryo bitandukanye biva mu bikomoka ku bimera bishobora kongera gukoreshwa n’ibikomoka ku bimera bitera impinduka mu gipimo cya methyl cyanide, bigira ingaruka ku ntambwe zo hasi. Gupima ubucucike bw’ibimera bihita bimenya izi mpinduka, bigakomeza kuba ku rwego rw’intego ndetse no mu myanda ya bioethanol cyangwa ammonia.
Kugenzura neza imiyoboro y'amazi ni ingenzi mu ntambwe zo kongera gukoresha imiyoboro y'amazi kugira ngo isuku irusheho kuba nziza, kuko kuvanga neza kwa acetonitrile n'amazi bibangamira byoroshye imikorere yo gutandukanya amazi ku kigero cya 5–10%. Acetonitrile ikwiye nk'umuyoboro w'amazi usanzwe ni ingenzi mu gukora imiti yica udukoko twa neonicotinoid, aho kugabanya ingano ya 0.5% y'umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa bishobora kugabanya umusaruro kugeza kuri 3%. Gupima mu murongo bibuza ingano zitari muri sisitemu zihoraho z'amazi, bikagabanya imyanda y'imiyoboro kugeza kuri 8% kandi bikagabanya ibikorwa byo kongera kuyitunganya.
imiterere y'imiti ikoreshwa mu kwica udukoko twa neonicotinoid
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Uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bw'umubyimba
Ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’imirongo nka vibrating tube na sensors zishingiye kuri Coriolis bitanga amakuru ahoraho kandi yihuse ku bucucike bwa acetonitrile mu gihe cyo gukora organic synthesis. Ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’imiti biva muri Lonnmeter bifitanye isano itaziguye n’imiterere ya acetonitrile, bigashyigikira imikorere yayo idakoreshejwe ingero. Ibi bipimo by’ubucucike bw’imirongo bikora mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’imigendekere y’amazi ikunze kugaragara mu mikorere y’ubucucike bw’imirongo n’imigendekere ya nucleophilic.
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'imiyoboro bihindagurika bipima hagati, bitanga ubuziranenge bwa ±0.001 g/cm³ ndetse no mu bintu bihindagurika nka acetonitrile. Ibikoresho bya Coriolis bitanga ubucucike bubiri n'uburyo amazi atembera. Byombi bihangana n'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -20°C na 120°C n'umuvuduko w'imiyoboro kugeza kuri 3 Mpa. Ibi bikoresho bigumana ubuziranenge mu gihe bikoresha acetonitrile mu buryo buhindagurika cyane kandi bivangavanga amazi yose.
Gupima umurongo uhoraho binoza ingano y’ibiryo mu gusimbuza imiterere y’ibinyabutabire, bifunga uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu mu ihererekanya rya ester, kandi bigabanya igihombo cy’umusaruro gituruka ku matsinda atari ku bipimo bya spec. Gukurikirana umurongo uhoraho binatuma API ikorwa neza kandi bigashyigikira ibisabwa mu gutunganya imiti na neonicotinoid.
Ibyiza byo Guhuza Ibipimo by'Ubucucike/Ubucucike bw'Umuvuduko
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'umurongo bifasha guhita ubona ibitagenda neza mu ikorwa rya acetonitrile, bigashyigikira ubuziranenge buhoraho kandi bikagabanya gutinda gukosora. Gupima umurongo mu buryo bw'umwimerere bikomeza imiterere nyayo ya acetonitrile ikenewe kugira ngo habeho uburyo nyabwo bwo guhumeka no gusimbuza imiterere ya nucleophilic. Kugenzura neza ibipimo birinda ibicuruzwa bitari specific mu gihe cyo gukora methyl cyanide, bigabanya igihombo cy'ibikoresho kugeza kuri 15% ugereranije no gupima utari kuri interineti.
Ibikoresho bya Lonnmeter bihuza n’ahantu hakomeye ho gukora ibintu, bikomeza umusaruro wizewe mu gihe cyo guhinduranya ester vuba cyangwa mu bihe byo gukungahara mu binyabutabire. Gukurikirana neza mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha ibinyabutabire birinda ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, bigatuma organic synthesis igera ku musaruro uri hejuru ya 98%. Amakuru nyayo atuma habaho imicungire ikomeye y’ibinyabutabire, bigagabanya ibyago byo kwandura mu gukora ibikoresho by’imiti (API).
Mu gukora imiti yica udukoko ya neonicotinoids, urugero ruhamye rwa acetonitrile rutuma umusaruro w’ibisubizo urushaho kwiyongera kandi rugahagarika ikorwa ry’ibikomoka ku bimera bidakenewe. Gupima mu buryo bw’umurongo bigabanya igihombo cy’ibidukikije gifitanye isano no gukora neonicotinoids binyuze mu gutanga uburyo bwo gukurikirana neza ibinyabutabire, bigafasha kubahiriza amategeko no gukomeza ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Komeza ibibazo by'ubucucike bw'umuvuduko w'amazi in AsetonitrilePivugurura
Saba ibiciro byihariye kugira ngo bikemure ibibazo byo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi no kongera uburyo bwo kugenzura umusaruro wa acetonitrile, harimo imiterere n'imikoreshereze ya methyl cyanide, ikoreshwa rya polar aprotic solvent, hamwe n'ibisabwa mu bidukikije mu mikorere ya neonicotinoid.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-27-2026
