Uburyo bwo gutunganya no kongera gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu muri iki gihe
Gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'inganda z'amabuye y'agaciro ku isi, uhereye ku nganda nini z'ubucuruzi kugeza ku nganda nto zitunganya zahabu. Uru rwego rutunganya zahabu ikomoka ku mabuye y'agaciro acukurwa ndetse n'ibicuruzwa birangira nk'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, imitako, n'ibikoresho by'amenyo. Gukenera cyane gucunga ibikoresho mu buryo burambye no gukoresha zahabu isukuye cyane bituma habaho udushya mu gutunganya zahabu.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi bwabaye ingenzi mu nzego z'izahabu zicukurwa n'izivugururwa. Ugereranyije n'uburyo gakondo bwo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi n'ubutabire, gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi—cyane cyane uburyo bwa Wohlwill—butanga zahabu ifite ubuziranenge bungana na 99.99%. Iri hame ryo hejuru ni ingenzi ku bikorwa bisaba ibintu bike byangiza, harimo ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, n'amafaranga y'ishoramari. Inganda zikora ingendo zo gutwara kuva kuri kilometero nyinshi kugeza kuri toni za zahabu, bigaragaza ko uburyo bwo gutunganya zahabu bufite ubushobozi bwo kwaguka no kwizerwa.
Uburyo bwo kugarura zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ubu ni ingenzi mu nganda zose. Mu bikorwa binini by'ubucuruzi, inzira zo kugarura zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi zikora neza, mu gihe ubucuruzi buto bwo kongera gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyikuramo bukoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikuramo. Ibipimo bya electrolyte ya zahabu bya Lonnmeter hamwe na viscosity metre bishyigikira ibi bikoresho, bigatuma habaho gupima neza imiterere ya electrolyte no kwemeza ko zahabu ikomeza gukwirakwira. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo bufasha kugumana electrolyte nyinshi n'ubwinshi bwayo, ari ingenzi cyane mu kunoza imikorere no kubahiriza ibisabwa mu buziranenge.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya zahabu
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Imiterere y'isoko igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere yo gutunganya. Urujya n'uruza rwa zahabu yasubiwemo rwariyongereye cyane, ruterwa inkunga n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo kongera gukoresha ndetse n'impinduka mu mikorere y'imitako. Uko ibiciro bya zahabu bihindagurika, inganda zitunganya zahabu zihindura uruvange rw'ibiribwa byazo, zigashyiramo ibikoresho byinshi byo kongera gukoresha iyo amashanyarazi acukuwe akomeje kwiyongera. Izi ngendo zigira ingaruka ku ngengabihe y'umusaruro no guhitamo uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha zahabu. Imikorere ya electrolytic itanga ubworoherane, bigatuma inganda zitunganya zahabu zisubiza vuba impinduka mu buziranenge bw'ibiryo n'ingano yabyo. Ubu buryo bwiza buhuza gupima ubucucike bwa electrolyte buhanitse n'isesengura ry'imikorere kugira ngo harebwe umusaruro uhoraho hatitawe ku guhindagurika kw'ibicuruzwa, bigaragaza ko hakenewe uburyo buhoraho bwo kunoza ibikorwa byo kugarura zahabu.
Guhuza uburyo bwo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi bihuza inganda n'intego zo gutunganya no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Uburyo bwo gutunganya no kugarura ibyuma bya kabiri bivuye mu bishishwa bya anode birushaho gushyigikira imikorere myiza y'umutungo, bigatuma gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi biba inkingi y'ingenzi mu buhanga bugezweho bwo gutunganya zahabu no kunoza imikorere kugira ngo isuku n'iramba bibe byiza.
Ingingo z'ibanze z'uburyo bwo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi
Uburyo bwo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi bushingiye ku mahame ya electrochemical, aho amashanyarazi atuma zahabu isukurwa. Gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu muri ubu buryo bishingiye ku buryo bwitondewe bwo gukora redox, imiterere ya electrode igenzurwa, electrolyte chemistry nziza, no gukurikirana neza ibikorwa.
Amahame y'ingenzi y'Inzira yo Gutunganya Zahabu ya Electrolytic
Mu mizi yabyo, inzira yo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe ingufu z'amashanyarazi ikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ihindure zahabu idahumanye mo ahantu hasukuye cyane binyuze mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi atoranijwe. Iyo hakoreshejwe ingufu z'amashanyarazi, atome za zahabu ziva kuri anode idasukuye zihinduka iyoni za zahabu, zinyura muri electrolyte, hanyuma zigahinduka zahabu y'icyuma kuri cathode. Iyi nzira ikoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza electrode na redox, bigatuma zahabu igaruka neza kandi ikemerera gukuraho imyanda mu buryo butaziguye.
Ingero z'uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi yo kugarura zahabu zirimo gukoresha imitako, ibyuma bikoreshwa mu kuvura amenyo, no gukura zahabu mu myanda y'ikoranabuhanga—ni ingenzi mu buhanga bugezweho bwo kuvugurura zahabu.
Imiterere ya Electrolyte: Ibinyabutabire by'ingenzi kugira ngo bifashe neza mu gutwara ibintu no gutunganywa neza kwa zahabu
Ubwogero bwa electrolyte bugira uruhare runini mu gutuma zahabu ikora neza, guhitamo neza, no mu bwiza bwayo. Ubusanzwe burimo:
- Chloride y'izahabu (AuCl₃) cyangwa potasiyumu aurocyanide (KAu (CN)₂):Tanga iyoni za zahabu zishongesha.
- Aside hydrochloric cyangwa izindi aside:Kongera ubushobozi bwo kuyobora no kugenzura pH.
- Iyoni zishyigikira:Nka chloride cyangwa cyanide, kugira ngo igumane ihindagurika rya iyoni za zahabu kandi ikomeze kubaho neza.
Kongeramo ogisijeni, nka iyoni z'umuringa cyangwa icyuma, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bidukikije bya zahabu - kunoza ubwiyongere bw'ibicuruzwa ariko bigasaba kugenzura neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyuma by'ibanze bishyirwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko. Uburyo bugezweho kandi buhindura ubucucike bwa electrolyte n'ubwinshi bwayo, hakoreshejwe ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa electrolyte bya zahabu, kugira ngo hakorwe neza uburyo bwo kugenzura no kwemeza umusaruro uhoraho. Gupima ubucucike bwa electrolyte bya zahabu ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga amadirishya akora neza kandi bigagabanya imyanda.
Ingaruka zo Gusukura: Gukuraho Ibyuma by'Ishingiro n'Ibice Bidakenewe
Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi byo gutunganya amashanyarazi ni uburyo ihitamo neza cyane. Uko zahabu ishonga kuri anode, ibyuma by'ibanze nka feza, umuringa, nikeli, na zinki bishobora gushonga ariko, bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ubushobozi bwo kugabanya, ntabwo bishoboka ko bigabanuka kandi bigashyirwa kuri cathode mu bihe bisanzwe. Ibi byuma biguma mu gisubizo cyangwa bigahinduka nk'ibishishwa bidashonga hamwe n'indi myanda.
Ubu buryo bwo gutandukanya zahabu butuma inzira yo kugarura zahabu hakoreshejwe electrolytic igira akamaro cyane mu gukora zahabu isukuye cyane, kuko ibintu bidakenewe bisigara inyuma mu buryo bwihariye. Iyi nzira ishobora kandi kugera ku gutandukanya ibyuma by'agaciro mu buryo bukomeye iyo bishyigikiwe no kugenzura neza ibipimo by'imikorere n'imikorere y'uturemangingo. Kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge, kugenzura mu murongo—urugero, hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima electrolyte ya zahabu cyangwa icyuma cyiza cyo gupima electrolyte ya zahabu—bigaragaza izamuka ry'ibipimo by'umwanda ritari ryitezwe kandi bigashyigikira impinduka ku gihe.
Ibipimo ku bidukikije n'imikorere mu gutunganya amashanyarazi
Ibipimo by'imikorere nk'ubushyuhe, ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi, n'imiterere ya electrolyte bisaba gucungwa neza kugira ngo umusaruro urusheho kuba mwiza kandi bikomeze kuba byiza. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa electrolyte bya zahabu, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, bitanga ibitekerezo bihoraho ku miterere ya electrolyte, bishyigikira uburyo bwiza bwo kunoza imikorere no kongera gukoresha izahabu.
Mu bidukikije, gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi bikunzwe cyane kubera uburyo bwo gucunga imiti ihumanya ikirere, kugabanya imyanda n’ibyuka bihumanya ugereranije n’uburyo gakondo bwo gushongesha no gushushanya chlorine. Nyamara, iyi gahunda ikora imyanda ya kabiri nka electrolytes zakoreshejwe n’ibisigazwa bya anode, bigomba gufatwa neza kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, harimo kongera gukoresha imiti ishyigikira no kugarura ibyuma bito mu bisigazwa, rirushaho kunoza uburyo bwo kubungabunga imikorere y’ubu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha zahabu.
Muri make, inzira yo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ishingiye ku kugenzura neza amahame agenga amashanyarazi, imiterere y’uburyo bugezweho, no gupima neza—buri kimwe muri byo ni ingenzi kugira ngo umutungo wa zahabu ube mwiza, utange umusaruro, kandi wongere kubyazwa umusaruro mu buryo bunoze.
Ubucucike bwa Electrolyte ya Zahabu: Impamvu gupima ari ingenzi
Ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya izahabu hakoreshejwe electrolytic. Bivuga uburemere bwa electrolyte y'amazi ishongesha zahabu iva muri anode idasukuye, bigatuma ishyirwa muri cathode nk'izahabu isukuye. Ubucucike buterwa ahanini n'ubwinshi bwa zahabu ishongeshejwe n'umunyu ushyigikira, ndetse n'ubushyuhe n'imiterere y'umuti wa electrolyte.
Mu rwego rw'uburyo bwo kugarura zahabu, kugira uburyo bwo kugenzura neza ubucucike bwa electrolyte bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza. Ingendo za iyoni, ingenzi mu gushyira zahabu kuri cathode, biterwa n'imiterere y'umuti; ubucucike bugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gutwara no kugenda kwa iyoni. Iyo ubucucike bwa electrolyte buri mu rugero rwiza - nko mu mbaraga za iyoni zigenzurwa (urugero, ubucucike bwa 2 M kuri 25°C) - zahabu ifite isuku nyinshi (kugeza kuri 95.3%) ishobora kugerwaho buri gihe mu gihe ubucucike bwa zahabu ya electrolyte buri munsi ya 1 g / L. Uku kunoza kunoza umusaruro wa zahabu n'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyose cyo gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu [Gukomeza ubucucike bwiza bwa electrolyte byongera ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bya zahabu].
Kugenzura ubucucike budakwiye bibangamira gukuraho umwanda. Iyo electrolyte ibaye nyinshi cyane, gutwara iyoni biragabanuka, bigagabanya imikorere y'imyanda nk'ifeza cyangwa ibyuma by'ibanze bisigara kuri anode. Ibi bishobora gutuma ireme rya cathode ritari ryujuje ibisabwa n'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'imikorere bitewe n'umusaruro muke w'ibikorwa ndetse n'ibisabwa kenshi mu kubungabunga. Urugero, ubwinshi bukabije bwa iyoni bushobora gutera imvura cyangwa kugaruka kwa zahabu ku buryo budahagije, mu gihe ubucucike budahagije bushobora gutuma ingufu zikoreshwa cyane kuko iyo nzira igabanya ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi.
Ibisabwa mu gushyira zahabu mu bikorwa bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubucucike bwa electrolyte. Ibisubizo bifite ubucucike bwiza bituma iyoni z'icyuma zitwara neza, bigabanya ubukana bw'amashanyarazi mu turemangingo. Ibi bituma ikoreshwa ry'ingufu rigabanuka, bigatuma inzira yo kugarura zahabu ihendutse kandi irushaho kwaguka. Ku rundi ruhande, gutandukana n'ibipimo by'ubucucike bwiza (byaba bito cyane cyangwa byiganje cyane) bituma abakoresha bakoresha voltage nyinshi cyangwa bakongera igihe cyo kuyitunganya, bityo bigatuma ikiguzi cy'ingufu muri rusange cyiyongera.
Gupima neza ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu biterwa n'impamvu z'amategeko n'ibidukikije. Mu gihe abatunganya amashanyarazi bava kuri electrolyte ziteje akaga zishingiye kuri cyanide bakajya ku zindi nzira zitekanye (nk'imvange ya HCl-glycerol-ethanol), hakenewe igenzura ryimbitse kugira ngo harebwe ko amahame ngenderwaho yubahirizwa. Abashinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije barasaba ko ibipimo bikurikizwa neza kandi bigaragaza ko imikorere myiza ikorwa kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije kandi barusheho kunoza umutekano w'aho bakorera. Ibipimo by'ubucucike—nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter—ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu kwemeza ko tekiniki zo kongera gukoresha zahabu zujuje ibisabwa, ndetse no kunoza buri ntambwe yo gutunganya zahabu.
Gupima ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu byizewe, hakoreshejwe ibipimo byihariye by’ubucucike, ni byo bigize inkingi yo kunoza uburyo bwo kugarura zahabu hakoreshejwe electrolytic. Bituma abatunganya zahabu bashobora gukora zahabu nziza cyane, kongera umubare w’ibicuruzwa bisubizwamo, kugabanya imyanda ikoreshwa, no kugenzura ikiguzi cy’ibikorwa. Ubu buryo bwiza ni ingenzi ku muntu wese ushaka kuyungurura zahabu mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi, haba mu rwego rwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo buhanitse cyangwa mu buryo bunonosoye.
Uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bwa Electrolyte ya zahabu
Uburyo bwo gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu bushingiye ku kugenzura neza imiterere ya electrolyte. Gupima ubucucike bwa electrolyte za zahabu ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya no gusubiza zahabu mu buryo bugezweho. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ubuhanga: uburyo gakondo (bwakoreshejwe n'intoki) n'ibipimo bigezweho.
Intangiriro ku bipimo by'ubucucike bwa Electrolyte bya zahabu bigezweho
Igezwehoibipimo by'ubucucike bwa electrolyte bya zahabu—nk'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro izunguruka mu murongo — gikemura hafi ya buri mbogamizi ku bikoresho bisanzwe. Lonnmeter ikora ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongo bishobora gukurikirana buri gihe ubucucike bw'ibisubizo mu gihe nyacyo. Ibi bikoresho ntibisaba uburyo bwo kubikoresha n'intoki; bishyirwa mu mirongo ikora neza kugira ngo bipimwe buri gihe.
Ibipimo by'imiyoboro ihindagurikakugera ku buziranenge kugeza kuri ± 0.0001 g/cm³. Gupima ubushyuhe buhanitse no kugenzura ikoranabuhanga bitanga umusaruro ushobora gusubiramo mu bwinshi bwa electrolyte ya zahabu. Umurimo wo mu murongo ugabanya gukorana n'ibikoresho byangiza, bigabanya kubungabunga no kongera igihe cyo gukora sensor. Amakuru ashobora gushyirwa mu buryo bwikora, bigatanga impinduka zihuse no kugenzura neza electrolyte ya zahabu. Iri terambere ryoroshya uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha zahabu kandi rigashyigikira ibikorwa byo gutunganya no kugarura zahabu mu buryo buhoraho.
Uburinganire, Gusubiramo, n'Inkomoko y'Amakosa mu Gupima Ubucucike
Ibipimo byakoreshejwe n'intoki bigabanuka bitewe n'ubuhanga bw'umukoresha, ihindagurika ry'ibidukikije, n'imiterere y'icyitegererezo. Amakosa ya muntu—nk'uko yasobanuwe nabi meniscus ya hydrometer cyangwa kunanirwa kumisha pycnometer—bigira ingaruka ku ihame ry'amakuru. Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe ni ryo soko ry'amakosa rihoraho; electrolytes za zahabu akenshi zigira imikorere ku bushyuhe buri hejuru cyangwa buhindagurika, bigatuma ikibazo cyo kugabanya ubushyuhe kiba gikomeye.
Ibipimo bya electrolyte bigezweho bya zahabu bitsinda ibi bibazo binyuze mu gushushanya neza sensor no gucunga neza ubushyuhe. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bitanga ingero zihoraho, bigabanya uruhare rw'umukoresha n'itandukaniro ry'ingero. Gukosora ubushyuhe mu buryo bwikora, kudahungabana cyane mu buryo bwa mekanike, no gukoresha uburyo bwa digitale bitanga ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo no kongera gukora ibintu mu buryo butagerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa manual.
Ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike bw'ikoranabuhanga byazamuye uburyo bwo kugenzura electrolyte mu gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu, bishyigikira mu buryo butaziguye ubwiza n'imikorere myiza y'ibicuruzwa.
Imbogamizi mu gupima Electrolyte za zahabu zirimo ubwinshi bwinshi kandi zangiritse
Electrolyte zo gutunganya zahabu akenshi ziba zirimo aside cyangwa cyanide zangiza ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ikirahure. Hydrometer na pycnometers zihura n'ibibazo byo kudahuza kw'ibikoresho, igihe cyo gukora kigufi, ndetse n'ibyago byo kwandura.
metero zo mu murongo uhereye kuriLonnmeterIfite imiterere ikomeye yo kwihanganira ikoranabuhanga rikaze rya shimi. Ibice bitose bitari ikirahure, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gufunga, n'ubushobozi bwo kubigenzura mu gihe nyacyo bituma bibera ahantu hasaba akazi kenshi. Ibi bikoresho bikomeza gukora neza mu miyoboro ifite imbaraga nyinshi, bishyigikira uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura inzira yo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi no gucunga inzira yo kugarura zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi.
Muri make, gupima neza ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu bisaba kuva ku buryo bwa gakondo, bw'intoki ukajya ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, cyane cyane aho kunoza imikorere, umutekano, no gukora neza ari ingenzi cyane.
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa Electrolyte ya Zahabu: Ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu ni ingenzi mu gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu. Byagenewe gupima neza ubucucike bwa electrolyte mu gihe nyacyo, bishyigikira inzira z'amashanyarazi zo gusubiza zahabu no kunoza imikorere. Ibipimo by'ubucucike byizewe bifasha kugumana ubucucike bukwiye bwa electrolyte ya zahabu, ingenzi kuri buri ntambwe yo gutunganya zahabu.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi n'imikorere
Ibipimo bya electrolyte bigezweho bya zahabu akenshi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya sensor ya tube vibrating. Ibi bikoresho bipima ubucucike bw'icyitegererezo binyuze mu guhindura inshuro z'umuyoboro wuzuyemo electrolyte. Ingano yabonetse—ihinduka n'uburemere bw'amazi—ituma habarwa vuba kandi neza cyane, hamwe n'ibipimo bimwe bigera kuri ±0.0001 g/cm³.
Izindi ngingo z'ingenzi zirimo:
- Uburyo bwo kwishyura ubushyuhe bw'ikoranabuhanga, butuma habaho ubuziranenge nubwo ubushyuhe bw'umuti buhindagurika.
- Ibice bitose bidakoresha imiti—bikunze kuba Hastelloy C-276, tantalum, cyangwa titanium—bihangana n’ibintu bikomeye nka potassium cyanide, aside hydrochloric na sulfuric, bikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo kugarura zahabu hakoreshejwe electrolytic.
- Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bidafite icyuho kugira ngo bigabanye kubika ibyuma no koroshya isuku, ni ingenzi mu gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu.
Ibipimo byinshi bigezweho bishyigikira imirimo yo gusukura ihuriweho kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzanya, mu gihe imiterere yo gufunga cyangwa gushyiramo ibice bibiri birinda ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byoroshye kandi bigagabanya ibyago byo kuva amazi. Byinshi muri byo bitanga inzira zo kwirinda kwanduzanya no kwitandukanya n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bidatose.
Uburyo bwo gushonga kw'umuringa (Copper Flash cc)
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Igipimo cy'ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter mu gutunganya zahabu
Igipimo cy’ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter cyakozwe kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu gupima mu nganda zitunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, Lonnmeter ishyirwa mu buryo butaziguye mu muyoboro w’amazi cyangwa mu bwogero. Ihora igenzura ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu, bigatuma habaho kugenzura imiterere yayo mu buryo nyabwo.
Abakoresha bakoresha Lonnmeter kugira ngo:
- Hindura ingano y'ibinyabutabire ukurikije ingano y'ibinyabutabire bifatika.
- Gukomeza ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi n'ubuziranenge, ingenzi mu gukoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa gutunganya neza.
- Kurinda igihombo cya zahabu giterwa no kutubahiriza amabwiriza.
- Gutahura vuba ibitagenda neza bishobora kugaragaza ko imikorere y'umubiri ihindagurika cyangwa ko yanduye.
Binyuze mu guhuza Lonnmeter, inyubako zigira ububasha bukomeye bwo kugenzura ku kugarura zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, bigatuma umusaruro n'ubwiza bigerwaho binyuze mu buryo bwikora.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo igipimo cyizewe cya electrolyte y'izahabu
Guhitamo ibipimo byiza by'ubucucike bwa electrolyte kuri zahabu bisaba gusuzuma neza ibi bikurikira:
- Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire:Ibipimo bifite ibice bitose by’ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe nka Hastelloy C-276 cyangwa tantalum ni byo byonyine bigomba gukoreshwa. Ibi bituma imikorere iramba muri sima za cyanide na aside.
- Gupima:Igikoresho kigomba kwemerera gupima buri gihe kandi byoroshye—byaba byiza hakoreshejwe gahunda zikora ku buryo bwikora ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo gukora imiyoboro yihariye yo gupima imiterere ya electrolyte ihinduka.
- Interface n'ibisohoka mu makuru:Guhuza imikorere y’inganda ni ingenzi cyane. Iki gipimo kigomba gushyigikira amabwiriza asanzwe y’itumanaho (Modbus, Profibus, Ethernet) kugira ngo kibe cyahuzwa neza na sisitemu zo kugenzura.
- Indishyi y'ubushyuhe:Uko ubucucike buhinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe, ni ngombwa ko habaho kwishyura byihuse cyane.
- Kuramba kwa tekiniki:Shaka ahantu habiri ho gufunga no gufunga ibintu bikomeye kugira ngo uhangane n'aho amazi ashobora kuva ndetse n'ahantu hashobora kwangirika.
- Ibisabwa mu kubungabunga:Uburyo bworoshye bwo gusukura no kugenzura ni bwo bwiza, bitewe n'uko uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo butuma habaho umwanda.
Ibisubizo byo gupima biri ku murongo ugereranije n'aho bitari kuri interineti
Ibipimo biri ku murongo:Ibikoresho nka Lonnmeter bitanga igenzura rihoraho kandi mu buryo bwihuse mu buryo butaziguye mu murongo wa electrolyte cyangwa mu kigega. Ibyiza birimo kubona ako kanya aho ibintu bihagaze no guhuza neza n'imikorere yo kugarura ubuziranenge bw'imikorere ya zahabu. Ubu buryo bukuraho gutinda guterwa no gufatira ingero n'intoki kandi bukagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'umukoresha ku miti ihumanya.
Iterambere mu gupima ubucucike bw'ibikoresho n'inyungu zo gutunganya zahabu
Iterambere riherutse gukorwa mu gupima electrolyte ya zahabu ririmo:
- Gutunganya amajwi ya digitale hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, rituma habaho uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyakira no kuyanga mu bwogero bugoye bwo gushyiramo zahabu.
- Kwisuzuma no kwita ku buzima mu buryo buhamye, bigabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka kitagenwe.
- Imiterere myiza y'ibikoresho n'imiyoboro y'amazi kugira ngo bigabanye uburyo ingero zibikwamo, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu gihe cyo gufata ibisubizo bya zahabu by'agaciro gakomeye.
- Sisitemu zo kuringaniza ubushyuhe vuba kugira ngo habeho gupima ubucucike bwihuse kandi buhamye.
Muri rusange, izi ntambwe zo kunoza zituma habaho gukurikirana ibikorwa mu buryo buhoraho, zigashimangira uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha zahabu, kandi zigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga no kunoza uburyo bwo kugarura zahabu. Mu bikorwa byo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, izi nyungu zituma zahabu igabanuka, kandi zikaba zishingiye ku buryo bwizewe, ndetse no kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa mu gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi.
Gutunganya Imikorere Hakoreshejwe Igipimo cy'Ubucucike bwa Electrolyte ya Zahabu
Guhuza Ibipimo by'Ubucucike mu Mikorere yo Kugarura Izahabu mu Ntambwe ku Ntambwe
Gushyiramo igipimo cy’ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu, nk’icyakozwe na Lonnmeter, mu bikorwa byo gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu hakoreshejwe electrolytic bitangirana no gushyira ibikoresho mu buryo bw’ingenzi. Ubwa mbere, shyiramo igipimo cy’ubucucike ku gice cy’umuti winjiriramo kugira ngo urebe neza ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu mbere yuko electrolyte yinjira mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Iki gipimo cya mbere gitanga imiterere nyayo y’umuti wo gusubiza electrolyte ya zahabu, bifasha kubungabunga ubucucike bwiza kugira ngo wongere imikorere myiza yo gushyiramo ibyuma.
Hanyuma, shyira icyuma gipima ubucucike ku musaruro w'uturemangingo cyangwa ku mirongo yo gusubiramo amazi. Gukurikirana ubucucike buri gihe hano bituma hamenyekana impinduka mu mikorere yo gupfunyika, ubwinshi bw'ibikomoka ku bimera bidakenewe, cyangwa gushonga bivuye mu ngendo zo koza. Indi mashini yo koza mu cyiciro cyo gukaraba cyangwa gukaraba ituma abakora mu kazi bemeza igipimo cyo kugarura amazi no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amazi, gutunganya imitako y'ibisigazwa, ingano y'ibisigazwa by'inganda. Gupima buri gihe, hakoreshejwe amazi n'ibikoresho byo gusukura, byemeza ko ari ukuri; amabwiriza asabwa asaba ko habaho kwemeza buri cyumweru no kugenzura nyuma y'impinduka zikomeye mu kubungabunga cyangwa mu mpinduka.
Gusobanura Amakuru: Gusobanukirwa Ibisobanuro by'Ubucucike n'Ingaruka Zabyo ku Guhindura Imikorere
Ingano ya electrolyte y'izahabu igaragaza ubwinshi bwa iyoni za zahabu, imyunyu yashongeshejwe, n'ibintu bihumanya biri mu gikoresho. Ubwinshi bw'ubucucike akenshi bufitanye isano no kwiyongera k'ubwinshi bwa zahabu, mu gihe kugabanuka kw'ibipimo bishobora kugaragaza ko amazi yogejwe cyangwa ubusumbane bw'ibinyabutabire bigabanuka. Guhinduka gukabije bigaragaza ko inzira zihindagurika, harimo n'umwanda cyangwa kwinjira kw'umwanda. Ingano ya electrolyte y'ubucucike ifasha kunoza intambwe zo gutunganya zahabu. Urugero, niba ingano ya electrolyte y'umusaruro igabanutse munsi y'intego, abakoresha bashobora guhindura ingano ya electrolyte y'umuti wa zahabu cyangwa kongera kuzenguruka electrolyte itaratunganywa kugira ngo bagarure izahabu nyinshi.
Kwandika no gusesengura amakuru y’ubucucike bituma habaho kunoza imikorere mu gihe kirekire no kubungabunga ibintu mbere y’igihe. Ingano z’ubucucike zihoraho zigaragaza uburyo buhamye bwo gukemura ibibazo, bigatuma habaho imiterere yizewe y’amashanyarazi no gusukura ibicuruzwa. Imikorere igezweho ikunze guhuza isesengura ry’ubucucike mu bubiko bw’amakuru bukurikirana ibintu no kubahiriza amategeko, bigatanga inyandiko z’ingenzi zo kugenzura.
Kugenzura Ibisubizo: Guhindura hakoreshejwe intoki ugereranije n'uburyo bwikora hashingiwe ku makuru y'ubucucike bw'igihe nyacyo
Mu buryo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo hakoreshejwe intoki, abatekinisiye bakurikirana imiterere y’ubucucike bw’amashanyarazi kandi bagahindura mu buryo bufatika bakoresheje guhindura umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, cyangwa electrolyte. Abakoresha bashobora kandi gukoresha intoki kongeramo zahabu, guhindura ingano y’ibinyabutabire, cyangwa guteza imbere imikorere yo gusukura bitewe n’uko amakuru ya Lonnmeter ahagaze. Nubwo ari ingirakamaro, kugenzura intoki bishingiye cyane ku buhanga bw’umukoresha no kuba maso.
Imikorere yikora ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ikoresha ibyuma bipima ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter mu buryo butaziguye muri sisitemu ya PLC cyangwa SCADA. Igipimo cy’ubucucike bwikora gishyigikira uburyo bwo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo—guhindura imikorere yo gukuramo, imiterere y’ibipimo, n’imiterere y’ubushyuhe hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo y’imikorere. Ibi bigabanya uburyo bwo gukoresha intoki, bigabanya amakosa y’umukoresha, kandi bigakomeza ubucucike bwiza bwa electrolyte ya zahabu kugira ngo igaruke neza. Sisitemu zikora zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zagaragaje ko zikoresha ingufu neza kandi zifite ireme rihoraho ry’ibicuruzwa bya zahabu ugereranije n’ibikorwa by’intoki, nk’uko byatangajwe mu nyandiko z’ubushakashatsi ziheruka.
Ingaruka zo kunoza ubucucike ku gipimo cyo kugarura zahabu, gukoresha neza ingufu, n'ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha
Gukoresha neza electrolyte ya zahabu byongera umusaruro wa electrode, bigabanya gushyira hamwe imyanda, kandi bigatuza inzira yo gutunganya zahabu ikoresheje electrolytic. Inganda zikurikirana ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo zagaragaje ko igipimo cyo kugarura zahabu kirenga 98% mu bikorwa byo gukusanya amashanyarazi, hamwe no kugabanya imyanda ikoreshwa. Kugenzura neza ubucucike kandi byongera imikorere myiza y'ingufu binyuze mu kubungabunga ingufu zihagije z'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi; ihindagurika ry'imikorere riragabanuka, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri kilo ya zahabu itunganyijwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ikiguzi cyo gukora kiragabanuka—imiti mike ipfa ubusa, ibikorwa bike birakenewe, kandi umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa urazamuka. Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga nacyo kiragabanuka bitewe no kugabanuka gutunguranye kw'imikorere no kumara igihe kirekire ibikoresho bimara.
Inyungu Zishobora Kubarwa ku Mitako, Umusaruro w'Amafaranga, n'Ingufu zo Gutunganya Indashyikirwa
Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha imitako, gupima ubucucike bw'amabuye y'agaciro bigabanya igihombo cya zahabu no gutwara umwanda. Abakora bullion bungukira ku buziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa byinshi n'umusaruro uteganijwe, bivuze ko bifite agaciro kanini ku isoko. Inganda zitunganya imyanda y'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibisigazwa by'inganda zigaragaza ko reagent nke n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi rigabanuka, umusaruro wiyongera, ndetse no kugabanuka kw'inzitizi zishingiye ku kubahiriza amategeko mu gihe cyo gushyiraho metero zipima ubucucike bwa Lonnmeter.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe ibipimo byiza by’ubucucike bwa electrolyte kuri zahabu—nk'iya Lonnmeter—buhora butanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi bugabanya imyanda. Gupima ubucucike bwikora byatumye habaho uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya zahabu burambye kandi burambye ku nzego zitandukanye. Ubushakashatsi bwemeza izi ntambwe: Gukurikirana ubucucike bwikora bituma habaho gutunganya zahabu neza kandi isuku ihoraho hamwe n’uburyo isuku ihoraho.
Gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu: Ubwiza, Kuramba, n'Uburyo Bwiza
Gupima neza ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu ni ingenzi mu gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu mu buryo burambye. Mu buryo bugezweho bwo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe electrolytic, gucunga neza ubucucike bwa electrolyte binoza isuku ya zahabu no gukoresha neza umutungo, bigahindura uburyo bwiza bwo gukora imirimo y'ubucuruzi no kongera gukoresha neza ibikoresho.
Gucunga ubucucike bw'ibintu n'uruhare rwabyo mu kongera gukoresha ibikoresho no kubibungabunga
Ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu bugira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo gushonga, gutwara iyoni y'icyuma, n'ubwiza bw'aho electrode iherereye. Mu bihe byo kongera gukoresha, imigezi ivanze ya alloy ishyiramo umuringa, ifeza, n'ibindi byuma by'ibanze, bishobora guhindura imiterere ya electrolyte - bihindura ubucucike, imikorere y'umuringa, no gushonga. Urugero, ingano y'umuringa mwinshi yongera ubucucike bw'umuti, bikagorana inzira ya electrolytic yo kugarura zahabu kandi bigateza ibyago byo guhumeka hamwe n'imyanda.
Kugenzura ubucucike hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka metero zipima ubucucike bwa zahabu (nk'izakozwe na Lonnmeter) bituma inganda zitunganya amashanyarazi zisubiza mu buryo bwihuse impinduka mu miterere y'ibiryo byasubiwemo. Kugumana ubucucike bwiza birinda ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire byinshi, bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kandi bigaha agaciro intambwe zo gutunganya zahabu. Gukurikirana no guhinduranya buri gihe binafasha kugabanya ingufu n'amazi bikoreshwa kuri buri gice cya zahabu ikorwa, bigateza imbere ubucuruzi n'ibidukikije.
Ingaruka z'ibyuma bya Alloy n'ibikubiye mu bubiko byasubiwemo
Kuba hari ibyuma bya aluminiyumu mu migezi ya zahabu yasubiwemo bihindura imyitwarire ya electrolyte. Feza n'umuringa bikunze kurekura byoroshye cyangwa bigatera izindi ngaruka mbi ku bucucike bumwe na bumwe. Iyo ubucucike budacunzwe neza, ibintu bivanze bishobora gutuma zahabu ishonga cyangwa bigatera imvange idashonga, bigatuma umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro bigabanuka.
Mu bikorwa by’inganda bigezweho, guhuza zahabu yasubiwemo bisaba gusesengura ibikoresho byinjira kugira ngo harebwe ingano y’ibikomoka kuri aloyi, hanyuma ugahindura imiterere y’ibipimo by’amashanyarazi ya electrolyte ya zahabu kugira ngo habeho uburinganire. Urugero, inganda zitunganya ibisigazwa by’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa imitako zigomba guhindura uburyo bwo kugarura zahabu hakoreshejwe electrolytic kugira ngo harebwe ihinduka ry’ibivanze, zigatuma ubucucike bushyigikira kugarura zahabu mu buryo bwihariye mu gihe bigabanya kwanduzwa.
Uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza imigezi ya zahabu isubijwemo
Uburyo bugezweho bwo kongera gukoresha zahabu burimo:
- Gusesengura mbere yo gutondeka no gusesengura aloyi kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka za electrolyte.
- Gukurikirana ubucucike mu buryo bwihuse kandi bugezweho hakoreshejwe metero zipima ubucucike bwa electrolyte za zahabu zigezweho.
- Gupima imiti hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga hashingiwe ku bipimo by'ubucucike kugira ngo hagumane imiterere ya electrolyte.
- Gupima buri gihe ibikoresho kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu guhangana n'ingano itandukanye ya electrolyte ya zahabu.
Ibigo bikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigaragaza ko imyanda ya shimi igabanuka, igihe cyo gukora kigabanuka, ndetse n'umusaruro mwinshi uva mu buryo butandukanye bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho mu micungire y'amashanyarazi
Ibikorwa byo gutunganya ubucuruzi byo ku rwego rwo hejuru bipima imicungire y'ubucucike bwa electrolyte binyuze mu:
- Kugera ku gipimo cy'ubuziranenge cya 99.99% binyuze mu kugenzura ubucucike buhoraho.
- Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti kuri toni ya zahabu yinjiye ku kigero cya 5-10% ugereranije no gutunganya intoki.
- Kugabanya imyanda ihumanya ikirere n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza kuri 80% ugereranije n'uburyo butagenzurwa.
- Gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zo gufunga kugira ngo wongere ukoreshe electrolyte, bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire bishya n'imyanda iva mu mazi.
Uburyo bwo gukora neza murizahabugucunga ubucucike bwa electrolyteni ingenzi mu gutunganya zahabu neza no kongera kuyikoresha neza.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Igipimo cy'ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu ni iki kandi kuki ari ingenzi mu gutunganya zahabu?
Igipimo cy'ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu ni igikoresho gipima ubucucike bwa electrolyte mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya zahabu hakoreshejwe electrolytic. Ubucucike bwerekana ubwinshi bwa iyoni za zahabu zishongeshejwe, aside, n'ibindi bivange bikagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bikorwa bya electrochemical mu gihe cyo gutunganya. Gupima neza ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu bifasha kugumana imiterere ya electrolyte mu buryo buto, birinda ko ibintu bidakora neza nko gushyiramo nabi, imyanda myinshi, no kudahinduka kw'izahabu. Gukurikirana buri gihe bituma abakora bashobora gukosora vuba ibitagenda neza, umusaruro mwinshi no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ibisubizo - intambwe z'ingenzi mu kunoza ibikorwa byo gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu.
Igipimo cy'ubucucike cya Lonnmeter gikora gite mu gutunganya zahabu?
Igipimo cy’ubucucike cya Lonnmeter gifite sensor ya digitale itanga ibisobanuro by’ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu mu buryo bwihuse. Yagenewe kuramba, imiterere yayo idashobora kwangirika ishobora kwihanganira imiterere mibi yo gutunganya. Iyo ishyizwe mu murongo, ikomeza gusuzuma inzira y’imikorere kandi ikohereza amakuru ku imurikagurisha ryo mu gace, bigatuma habaho impinduka zihuse mu mikorere. Iyi sisitemu yo mu murongo ituma abatunganya ibikoresho bakomeza kugira imiterere myiza ya electrolyte badahagaritse imirimo, bigafasha kugarura zahabu nziza cyane no kunoza imikorere.
Kuki gupima ubucucike bwa electrolyte ari ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gusubiza zahabu mu buryo bwa electrolytic?
Kubungabunga ubucucike bukwiye bwa electrolyte ni ingenzi mu nzira yo kugarura zahabu ikoresheje electrolytic. Ingaruka z'ubucucike:
- Igipimo cyo Gutemba: Gushyira zahabu mu gaciro bikwiye byoroshya gushyira zahabu kuri cathode. Ubucucike buke butinda kugaruka; ubucucike bwinshi bushobora gutera ingaruka mbi.
- Gukuraho umwanda: Kugumana ubucucike bwiza bifasha cyane gukuraho ibyuma by'ibanze no kugabanya imyanda muri zahabu yabonetse.
- Guhagarara neza mu mikorere: Imiterere ihamye ya electrolyte igabanya ibyago byo kudakora neza, gutakaza ibinyabutabire mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa impinduka z’amashanyarazi zidagenzurwa, bigatuma gutunganya neza no kubikora neza kurushaho.
Gupima buri gihe ni uburyo bwo kunoza inzira zo kugarura zahabu, bukenewe kugira ngo hagerwe ku bipimo bikomeye byo gutunganywa kwa zahabu mu gihe habungabungwa umutungo.
Ese ubucucike butari bwo bwa electrolyte bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bwiza bwa zahabu isubijwe gukoreshwa?
Yego, kugenzura nabi ubucucike bwa electrolyte bishobora kwangiza cyane uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha zahabu. Iyo ubucucike burenze urugero rwemewe, hashobora kubaho isuku idahagije, bigatuma habaho umwanda mwinshi muri zahabu yasubiwemo. Amakosa nk'ayo mu mikorere yangiza ingufu n'imiti, bikongera ikiguzi cy'imikorere kandi bikagabanya uburambe. Gupima ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukora zahabu yo gukoresha imitako cyangwa bullion, aho ubuziranenge n'ubuziranenge ari ngombwa.
Ese hari itandukaniro riri hagati y'uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bwa electrolyte ya zahabu buri ku murongo n'ubudakoreshwa mu kazi?
Gupima mu murongo—nk'uko bigenda kuri Lonnmeter—bitanga amakuru ahoraho kandi yihuse aturuka mu muyoboro wa electrolyte, bigatuma habaho impinduka mu gihe cy'impanuka. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gutunganya no kongera gukoresha zahabu mu nganda, aho guhagarika ibikorwa bihenda. Uburyo bwo gupima izahabu bukoresha interineti burimo gukusanya ingero zo gusesengura muri laboratwari, bigatanga ibisubizo birambuye ariko hamwe n'ubukererwe bushobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kuyisuzuma. Gupima ikoranabuhanga ritari kuri interineti bishobora guhuza ibikorwa bito, gupima buri gihe, cyangwa gukemura ibibazo byihariye, ariko nta nyungu z'uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere bukoreshwa mu buryo bufatika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2025
