Igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'amavuta ya lisansi

Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansi

Viscometer zikoreshwa mu gutunganya amavuta zipima ubukana bw'amavuta y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli zipima ubukana bw'umugozi utemba uri muri ayo mavuta. Zikwiriye cyane amazi afite ubukana bwinshi n'amazi atari aya Newtonia. Ibi bituma zigira akamaro mu gukoresha amavuta akomeye n'ibikomoka kuri bitumen, zigatanga isuzuma ry'ubukana mu buryo bufatika kandi buhoraho mu bice byombi by'ubutaka.

Ibyiza bya viscometer zizunguruka:

• Ikwiriye amavuta menshi yo mu bwoko bwa Newtonian, cyane cyane amavuta menshi cyane cyangwa atari aya Newtonian.

• Ishobora gupima mu buryo buhoraho kandi bwikora.

• Gukurikirana mu buryo nyabwo porogaramu zikoreshwa.

Inzitizi:

• Igipimo kitaziguye cya viscosity ya kinematic gisaba guhinduka.

Iterambere rya none mu igeragezwa ry'ubukana

• Agakoresho kamwe gapima gafite urwego rwagutse: Igikoresho kimwe gitwikira imiterere ya viscosity yagutse, bigagabanya impinduka mu bikoresho.

• Ingano ihoraho n'uburyo bwikora: Nta mpamvu yo guhindura viscometers ku byiciro bitandukanye, ni byiza cyane ku bidukikije bifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse.

• Kugabanya ibisabwa ku bipimo n'ibinyabutabire: Ingano nto z'ibipimo no gusukura mu buryo bwikora bigabanya ikiguzi kandi bikongera umutekano wa laboratwari.

• Kugabanya igenzura/gusana: Intambwe zoroshye zo kugenzura zigabanya igihe cyo kudakora.

• Guhuza ibikorwa byose: Gusohora byihuse kuri interineti no guhuza byoroshye na sisitemu zikora zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gupima ubucucike

Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'amavuta y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli butangirana no gutunganya neza ingero. Amavuta agomba kuba afite uburyo bumwe kandi arenze urugero rw'amazi asukwamo; kuyakoresha nabi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma adasubiramo neza. Gushyushya ingero mbere yo gushyushya no kuvanga buhoro buhoro bigabanya ibyiciro byo gutandukanya amavuta n'ibice. Amacupa meza yo gupima peteroli no kwirinda kwanduza ni ingenzi.

Gupima no kubungabunga viscometers ni byo bishimangira uburyo ibipimo byizewe:

• Koresha amahame ngenderwaho yemewe yo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'ibipimo mu gihe gisanzwe.

• Genzura neza igikoresho ukoresheje uburyo bwo kugenzura ibinyabutabire bingana n'urugero rw'ubushyuhe buteganijwe.

• Komeza ukoresheje viscometers isuku—amavuta asigaye ashobora kwangiza ingaruka.

• Gusuzuma no kubungabunga inyandiko kugira ngo hamenyekane neza.

Kugenzura ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gupima ni ingenzi cyane. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ni ugupima kuri dogere selisiyusi 40 na dogere selisiyusi 100 kuko ubushyuhe bwa peteroli bushingiye cyane ku bushyuhe. Ibi bipimo bihuye n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe isanzwe mu bubiko no mu mikorere ya moteri. Ndetse no kugabanuka kwa dogere selisiyusi 0.5 bishobora guhindura cyane imiterere y'ubushyuhe.

Guhitamo viscometer ikwiye biterwa n'uburyo ikoreshwa n'ubwoko bw'amavuta:

• Viscometers za capillary zikoresha ikirahure: Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya zahabu mu bushakashatsi no mu mashami agenga imikorere; ni byiza cyane ku mazi meza kandi asobanutse ya Newtonian.

• Viscometer zihindagurika: Zikunda amavuta akomeye, afite ubukana bwinshi, cyangwa atari ay’i Newtonia; koresha uburyo bwo gupima mu gihe nyacyo.

Gusobanukirwa impamvu ubukana bwa peteroli ari ingenzi—bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ihinduka rya atome, imikorere myiza y’umuriro, no kwangirika kwa moteri—bigomba kuyobora guhitamo igikoresho, uburyo, n’amabwiriza kuri buri sesengura ryihariye. Ibizamini bikozwe neza birinda imikorere ya moteri, kubahiriza amategeko, n’imikorere myiza.

Amabwiriza n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Ubucucike bw'Amavuta ya lisansi

Incamake y'amahame y'ingenzi

Gupima ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansi biterwa no kubahiriza amahame yashyizweho atuma habaho ubwumvikane, umutekano, n'imikorere myiza mu bikorwa byose. Izwi cyane ni ASTM D445 na ASTM D7042, hamwe na ISO 3104 n'ibisobanuro bijyana nayo.

Amahame ya ASTM

• ASTM D445: Ubu ni uburyo bwa kera bwo gupima ubukana bwa kinematic, cyane cyane hakoreshejwe viscometer z'ikirahure. Ni ikomeye, yemerwa na benshi, kandi ni yo shingiro ry'imipaka myinshi y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

• ASTM D7042: Ubundi buryo bugezweho, D7042 ikoresha Stabinger viscometers kugira ngo ipime ubukana n'ubucucike buhinduka icyarimwe. Ubu buryo ni bwihuse, bukubiyemo ubwoko bwinshi bw'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, busaba ingero nke, kandi akenshi bushobora kwikora kugira ngo burusheho gukwirakwira. Inganda zikora peteroli zirushaho gukunda ubu buryo mu isesengura risanzwe kandi rigezweho bitewe n'uburyo igiciro gikoreshwa neza no koroshya imikorere.

• Izindi gahunda za ASTM: Byongeye kandi, uburyo nka ASTM D396 bugena imipaka y’ubushyuhe ku byiciro bitandukanye bya peteroli, bugaragaza imikorere y’amashanyarazi n’ikoreshwa mu nganda.

ISO n'ibipimo mpuzamahanga bingana

• ISO 3104:2023: Igipimo cya ISO gishya kigaragaza inkingi y'imikorere ya ASTM D445 ariko cyongera ingano y'ibicanwa, harimo ibivangwa bya biofuel (kugeza kuri 50% FAME) n'ibindi bicanwa bishya nka HVO na GTL. Bisobanura inzira ebyiri z'ingenzi:

  • Uburyo A: Viscometers z'ikirahure zikoresha intoki.

  • Uburyo B: Viscometers zikoresha uburyo bwikora.
    Byombi birakwiriye ibinyabutabire bya Newtonian ariko bifite amabwiriza yo kwirinda ibikomoka kuri peteroli bitari Newtonian.

• Amabwiriza ya ISO ashyirwa mu bikorwa kandi akurikizwa ku isi yose, ahuzwa neza n'amategeko agenga igihugu kandi agahuza ibisabwa kuri moteri z'amato, inganda z'amashanyarazi, n'inganda zitwika.

Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko

• Moteri z'ubwato (IMO MARPOL Annex VI): Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko yo mu mazi ryibanda ku bwiza bwa lisansi, ibyo bikaba bisaba mu buryo butaziguye kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa lisansi kugira ngo bishyigikire imikorere y'ubushyuhe n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Guhera muri Kanama 2025, abakora mu bwato bagomba kubahiriza inyandiko zikomeye z'ubuziranenge bwa lisansi n'inshingano zo gupima. Gukoresha amavuta yujuje ibisabwa—cyane cyane mu turere dushinzwe kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere (≤1,000 ppm sulfur)—bisaba gupima ubuziranenge bwa lisansi neza no kwandika inyandiko zishobora gukurikiranwa.

• Inganda z'amashanyarazi: ASTM D396 isobanura ibisabwa ku byuma bito, by'ubucuruzi, n'iby'inganda. Ubushyuhe bugomba gupimwa no kwemezwa ko buguma mu byiciro byagenwe, kandi ubusanzwe gushyushya ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo byorohereze kuvoma no gushyira atom mu buryo.

• Ibikoresho Bitwika Ibikoresho: Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya ASTM na ISO ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu mikorere, gucunga lisansi, no gukoresha neza umuriro. Gukoresha lisansi nabi bibangamira ihinduka ry’ibikoresho kandi bishobora kongera imyuka ihumanya cyangwa kwangiza ibikoresho.

Isesengura ry’Uburyo bwo Gutunganya no Gusesengura Ubucucike bw’Amavuta ya Mazutu

Uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe n'ubukonje

Ubushyuhe bw'amavuta ya peteroli buterwa cyane n'ubushyuhe, bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku muvuduko w'amazi, atomization, no gukoresha neza umuriro. Ubusanzwe, iyi sano ikoreshwa mu mibare ya Andrade na Arrhenius, igaragaza ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ubusanzwe, ikigereranyo cya Arrhenius cyanditswe gitya:

η = A · exp(Eₐ/RT)

Aho η ari viscosity, A ni ikintu kibanziriza exponential, Eₐ ni ingufu zikoreshwa, R ni gaze ihoraho, na T ni ubushyuhe muri Kelvin. Iyi formula igaragaza ukuri kw'uko amazi agenda yiyongera uko ingufu z'ubushyuhe zitsinda imbaraga hagati ya molekile.

Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwagaragaje ko ikigereranyo cya Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) hamwe na moderi zo gupima universal nk'ingirakamaro cyane ku bintu bigoye nk'amavuta mabi cyangwa amavuta akomeye. Ikigereranyo cya VFT,

η(T) = η₀ · exp[B/(T–T₀)],

Itanga ibipimo bifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe bw'impinduka y'ikirahure (T₀), itanga uburyo bwo guhanura neza ubushyuhe mu bunini bw'ubushyuhe no ku bwoko butandukanye bw'amavuta. Ubushakashatsi bwasuzumwe n'urungano bwemeza ko izi moderi zirusha izindi nzira zo gupima, cyane cyane mu bihe bikomeye cyangwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusesengura imiterere yazo.

Kugena Ibipimo by'ingenzi:

• Uburemere bwa API: Ibi bigaragaza ubucucike bwa peteroli kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu kumenya imiterere y'amazi azanyuramo. Uburemere bwinshi bwa API muri rusange butanga ubucucike buke—ni ingenzi cyane mu gutunganya no gukoresha neza ingufu.

• Igipimo cy'ubucucike: Kigaragaza uburyo ubucucike bugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera hafi y'impinduka z'ikirahure. Amavuta afite ibipimo by'ubucucike bwinshi agaragaza impinduka zikomeye z'ubucucike, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kuyakoresha no ku buryo bwo kuyatwika.

• Ingufu zo gukora: Zigaragaza urugero rw'ingufu rutuma molekile igenda mu mazi. Amavuta afite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukora agumana ubushyuhe bwinshi ku bushyuhe runaka.

Uburyo bwo gupima ibintu ku isi yose, bwemejwe n'ubushakashatsi bwa none, butanga uburyo bwo gukuramo ibi bipimo mu bipimo bya viscosity. Urugero, inyigo yo mu 2025 yakoresheje uburyo bwo gupima ibintu ku isi yose ku mavuta asanzwe, ihuza ubushyuhe bw'impinduka mu kirahure n'ingufu zo gukora ku buryo butaziguye na API gravity na molekile. Ibi bituma abakora bashobora guhanura impinduka mu bipimo bitewe no kuvanga, impinduka mu bushyuhe, n'impinduka mu miterere y'ibintu ku buryo bufatika cyane.

Ibyiza mu Gukurikirana no Guteza Imbere Ibikorwa:

• Uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha mu kwigana ibikorwa: Ntabwo bikigengwa n'imipaka y'ibizamini—ingero zikora ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibipimo bya peteroli isanzwe.

• Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa: Abakoresha bashobora kwitega ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe no kunoza uburyo bwo gushyushya, kuvanga, cyangwa kongeramo ibikoresho kugira ngo buhuze n’ibisabwa mu buryo bwiza bwo gutembera no gushyiramo atome.

• Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya: Amakuru nyayo y’ubushyuhe ashyigikira imiterere ya moteri n’ibicanwa kugira ngo bitwikwe neza mu gihe bigabanya imyuka ya hydrocarbon idatwikwa n’ibyuka bya CO₂.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ubu buryo bugezweho byoroshya imikorere ishingiye ku bushakashatsi ndetse n’iy’inganda, bigatuma sisitemu zo gucunga ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo ku mavuta akomeye, ndetse no mu bihe bitari bisanzwe.

Guhuza amakuru y'ubucucike mu isesengura ry'imikorere n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere

Guhuza neza amakuru y’ubukana bwa peteroli mu isesengura ry’imikorere n’ibyuka bihumanya ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa birusheho kuba byiza kandi bisukuye. Ubukana bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bwa atome mu byuma bikoresha injectors na burners. Ubukana bwinshi bubangamira ikorwa ry’ibitonyanga bito, bigatuma umuriro udakwirakwira, lisansi ikoreshwa cyane, ndetse n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (cyane cyane hydrocarbons zidatwitswe n’udukoko). Ku rundi ruhande, ubukana bwiza bushyigikira atome nziza, bigatuma umuriro ukwirakwira neza kandi hagasigara umwuka mubi muke [Lonnmeter].

Ingaruka ku mikorere ya sisitemu:

• Ingufu zisohoka: Inyigo yakozwe na moteri yo mu 2025 yasanze kugabanya ubukana bw'amavuta (urugero, kuva kuri SAE 10W-40 kugeza kuri SAE 5W-30) byongera ingufu za moteri kugeza kuri 6.25% bitewe no kwiyongera kw'ubudahangarwa bw'umuriro.

• Ikoreshwa rya lisansi: Raporo nyinshi zigaragaza ko amavuta afite ubukana bwinshi atuma umuriro udakwirakwira, bigatuma moteri ikoresha lisansi mu buryo bwihariye ndetse n'ubusaze bwa moteri. Kugabanya lisansi mu buryo bugenzurwa—ukoresheje gushyushya cyangwa kuvanga—bigabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi buri gihe.

• Imiterere y'Imyuka Ihumanya: Amakuru ajyanye n'ibizamini agaragaza igabanuka rikomeye rya CO₂ ndetse n'ibyuka byose bya hydrocarbon iyo ubushyuhe bucunzwe neza. Urugero, gushyushya amavuta akomeye cyangwa kuyavanga n'ibicuruzwa byoroheje byagabanyije imyuka ya hydrocarbon ku butumburuke bwo hejuru ho 95% kandi binongera imikorere myiza ya lisansi.

Umusaruro n'inyungu ku bidukikije:

• Isano itaziguye hagati yo kugabanya ubukana bw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere: ubukana buke bw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere = uburyo bwiza bwo gutuma ibintu bihinduka atomization = ubukana buke bw'ibinyabutabire n'uduce duto tw'imyuka bidafite umuriro.

• Ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli rigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwegereza urwego rwiza, bigatanga inyungu haba mu bukungu no mu kubahiriza amategeko.

Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza akamaro ko gupima ubukana bw'amavuta ya lisansi mu buryo buhamye, kubahiriza amahame ya ASTM, no gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho byo gusesengura kugira ngo bikomeze gukurikiranwa no kunozwa. Kwita cyane ku bukana bw'amavuta bituma sisitemu za lisansi zikora neza cyane kandi nta ngaruka mbi ku bidukikije zigira ku bidukikije.

Ibitekerezo bifatika ku bijyanye no kwihutisha inzira

Gukurikirana no kugenzura ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo

Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bugezweho bushingiye ku gupima ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo, mu murongo kugira ngo amavuta agumane uburyo bwiza bwo gutembera no gutwika. Ibikoresho bya viscometer, nka viscometers zo mu murongo, bitanga isuzuma ry’ubushyuhe rihoraho kandi rifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru riturutse ku murongo w’imikorere. Ibi bikoresho bikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritanga uburyo bwo gushyiraho vuba no gusubiramo ibintu byinshi nta gukosora kenshi.

Guhuza mu buryo butaziguye n'ibikoresho bigenzura imikorere, cyane cyane PID loops, bituma sisitemu zikoresha lisansi zihindura uburyo zishyushya mbere, bityo zigashingira ku buryo bwihariye bwo gushyushya mu gihe cyo kugeza ku byuma bishyushya. Ubu buryo bwo gufunga butanga inyungu nyinshi:

• Kunoza Imikorere y'Ibikoresho by'Ingufu: Gutanga ibitekerezo ku buryo nyabwo binoza uburyo lisansi ikoreshwa, byongera imikorere myiza y'ibicanwa kandi bikagabanya ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa.

• Gusana Gake: Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe cya Lonnmeter kitagira ibice bigenda kandi gishobora kwirinda kwanduzwa n'umwanda cyangwa ibintu bihumanya.

• Kwizerwa: Gupima amakuru mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bitanga amakuru nyayo adahungabanyijwe n'umuvuduko w'amazi cyangwa guhindagura kwa mashini, bishyigikira imikorere ihoraho mu bice bitandukanye byo mu mazi cyangwa mu nganda.

Sisitemu za viscometer za kinematic kinematic na Viscosity Flow Monitoring Units (VFMUs) byongerera ubushobozi ubu. Amahitamo agezweho akoresha mudasobwa mu gupima viscosity idahuye n'iy'ingirabuzimafatizo, kugabanya ubwandu no gutanga amakuru yo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ibiti bicungwe cyangwa bikurikiranwe.

Gukemura ibibazo n'ibibazo bisanzwe

Gupima neza ubunini bw'amazi bishobora guhura n'imbogamizi nyinshi:

Kumenya no Gukemura Ibitagenda neza mu Gupima

Ibisobanuro bitunguranye—nk'izamuka ridasanzwe, guhindagurika kw'ijisho, cyangwa gucikwa kw'ijisho—bisaba gukemurwa mu buryo buhamye:

• Reba uburyo bwo gupima ibyuma bipima: Emeza uburyo igikoresho gipima imiterere yacyo ukurikije amahame ngenderwaho y’ubushyuhe (nk'amabwiriza ya ASTM) kugira ngo umenye neza ko nta guhindagurika kw'imikorere.

• Genzura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi: Insinga zidafite ingufu cyangwa inzira z'ibimenyetso zidafite ishingiro ni impamvu zikunze gutera amakosa mu gupima.

• Suzuma Igenamiterere ry'Igikoresho: Amakosa ya porogaramu cyangwa ahantu hatajyanye bishobora gutera ubusembwa bw'amakuru. Reba amabwiriza ya tekiniki y'uwakoze porogaramu kugira ngo umenye intambwe zo kwemeza.

Gukemura Ihumana, Ihindagurika ry'Ubushyuhe, n'Amakosa yo Gupima

• Kwanduza: Gukurura umwanda cyangwa ibisigazwa hafi y'umutwe w'icyuma gishobora guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho. Hitamo ibikoresho bifite ubuso bworoshye, budafatana n'imyenge mike. Ku bikoresho byoroshye, ni byiza kugenzura no gusukura buri gihe.

• Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bushingiye cyane ku bushyuhe. Emeza ko ibipimo byose byasobanuwe kandi bigakosorwa hakurikijwe imiterere isanzwe (ubusanzwe 40°C cyangwa 100°C) kugira ngo bisubirwemo.

• Amakosa yo gupima: Kwemeza ibintu hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe bwo kubipima no gukurikiza gahunda z’ababikora birinda gutembera igihe kirekire kandi bikanatuma ibipimo bikurikiranwa neza.

Niba hari ibitagenda neza bikomeje, reba inyandiko z'uruganda kugira ngo umenye neza niba hari ibimenyetso by'ibipimo cyangwa usimbuze ibice bikekwaho kugira ngo wongere urebe ko ibipimo ari ukuri.

Gukoresha neza uburyo lisansi ihinduka neza

Kugenzura ubukana bw'ibinyabutabire bigenda bigorana bitewe n'itandukaniro rinini riboneka mu bwoko bwa peteroli igezweho n'ibivangwa byayo, harimo n'ibivangwa bya HFO-biofuel.

Ingamba zo gupima no kugenzura mu buryo bujyanye n'igihe

• Algorithms zo Kugenzura Ihindagurika: Shyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kugenzura mbere y'igihe (MPC) cyangwa uburyo bwo kwigisha bujyanye n'igihe nyacyo kugira ngo habeho igisubizo gihamye ku mpinduka mu miterere y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

• Guhindura ubushyuhe n'inyongera: Hindura mu buryo bwikora imiterere y'ibishyushya mbere y'igihe, cyangwa ingano y'ibipimo binoza ubwinshi bw'amazi, bitewe n'impinduka zapimwe mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe.

• Uburyo bwo Gutegura Ishusho: Koresha uburyo bwo kwigisha imashini bwahuguwe ku bijyanye n'amakuru y'amateka n'imiterere y'ibintu kugira ngo umenye uko ibintu bimeze mbere kandi uhindure ibipimo by'imikorere mbere y'igihe.

Ingaruka z'ubuziranenge bwa lisansi ku bucucike n'imikorere

• Imbogamizi mu mikorere: Ibicanwa bihindagurika cyane bisaba uburyo bwo kugenzurwa, kuko imiterere itandukanye ihura n'ubushyuhe n'igabanuka ry'amazi. Kutabihindura bishobora gutuma habaho atomization idahagije cyangwa irenze urugero, bigatera ingaruka ku buryo umuriro ukoreshwa neza n'ibyuka bihumanya.

• Ibisabwa mu gupima ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bikomeye mu guhangana n'impinduka mu bikomoka kuri lisansi, ihumana, n'ubushyuhe bukabije, bikanagaragaza ko bipima neza kandi mu buryo buhamye mu gihe ibintu bigenda bihindagurika.

• Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’amahame: Kubungabunga ubukana bw’ibipimo byagenwe ni ingenzi mu kubahiriza amategeko no kwirinda kwangirika cyangwa gucika intege kwa moteri [Kuki ubukana ari ingenzi mu mavuta].

Urugero, guhindura kuva kuri HFO ifite ubukana bwinshi ukajya kuri bio-blend yoroheje bishobora gusaba kongera gupima vuba igipimo cy'ubushyuhe ndetse wenda no guhindura urwego rw'ibipimo kugira ngo habungabungwe uburyo bwiza bwo gutwika no kubungabunga ubuziranenge. Ibipimo bigezweho n'ingamba zo kugenzura ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho imikorere yizewe kandi inoze ya peteroli iyo habayeho ubwo buryo butandukanye.

Gupima neza ubukana bwa peteroli y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli biracyari ingenzi cyane mu kunoza imikorere, kubahiriza amategeko, no kurambye mu nzego z’ingufu n’ubwikorezi. Ubukana bwa peteroli bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya atomi y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imikorere myiza y’ibikomoka ku muriro, n’imiterere y’ibyuka bihumanya. Ubukana bwa peteroli bushobora gutera ikoreshwa nabi ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, kugabanuka kw’imikorere myiza y’ibikomoka ku muriro, umusaruro mwinshi w’ibihumanya ikirere, ndetse no kwangirika kwa moteri—ibi bigatuma gupima neza ari ingenzi ku bakoresha n’abahanga mu by’imikoreshereze y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.kuki-ubukana-ari ingenzi-mu-bya-mafuta.