Gucunga neza amazi yo gushwanyagurika ni ingenzi mu kongera ubushobozi bwo gusohora methane yo mu ifuru. Gupima ubukana bw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo bikemura izi mbogamizi binyuze mu gutanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'amazi yo gushwanyagurika mu gihe cy'ibikorwa. Ibigega bya methane yo mu ifuru (CBM), bigaragazwa n'ubushobozi buke bwo kwinjira no kugabanya ubushobozi bw'amazi yo gushwanyagurika, bisaba kugenzura neza imiterere y'amazi yo gushwanyagurika kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo gushwanyagurika no kugarura methane neza.
Hari imbogamizi mu mikorere, cyane cyane gusenyuka kwa gel kutuzuye, gusubira inyuma kw'amazi mu buryo budahwitse, no gutakaza methane neza. Gusenyuka kwa gel kutuzuye bituma ibisigazwa bya polymer biguma mu makara, bikabangamira cyane urujya n'uruza rwa methane kandi bikagabanya umuvuduko wo kugaruka. Gusubira inyuma kw'amazi mu buryo budahwitse byongera kwangirika kw'amazi mu kirere, bikagabanya imikorere yo gukuramo no kongera igihe cyo gusukura amariba. Izi mbogamizi zose hamwe zigabanya ikorwa rya gazi kandi zikongera ikiguzi cy'imikorere.
Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gukuramo methane mu ifu
Methane yo mu bwoko bwa Coalbed ni iki?
Methane y'amakara (CBM) ni ubwoko bwa gaze karemano iba yinjijwe ahanini ku buso bw'imbere bw'amakara, imwe ikaba iri mu rusobe rw'amakara avunitse. Bitandukanye na gaze karemano isanzwe, yibumbira mu mabuye afite imyenge, CBM ifungirwa mu matrix y'amakara bitewe n'imiterere yihariye y'amakara n'ubuso bwayo bunini bw'imbere. Methane ifatwa n'imbaraga zo kuyinjiza, bigatuma irekurwa bitewe n'impinduka z'umuvuduko mu kigega no ku mikorere yo kuyisohora mu mashanyarazi.
Ibigega bya CBM bifite imbogamizi zitandukanye ugereranije n’ibikoreshwa mu gucukura gaze. Imiterere y’amakara afite imyenge ibiri—imyanya karemano y’amakara (amacandwe) hamwe n’imyenge mito—bivuze ko imyuka ivamo amazi iterwa ahanini no gucikamo ibice, mu gihe ububiko bwa gaze bugengwa n’ubuso bw’amakara. Igipimo cyo gucukura gishobora guhinduka cyane bitewe n’imiterere y’amakara ihindagurika ndetse n’ubusumbane bw’ubutaka. Kubyimba kwa matrix y’amakara, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gutera CO₂ kugira ngo igarure neza (CO₂-ECBM), bishobora kugabanya ubugari bw’amakara no kugabanya imyuka ivamo amazi, bikagabanya urujya n’uruza rw’amakara ariko rimwe na rimwe bikongera imyuka ivamo amazi binyuze mu buryo bwo gucukura gaze. Imyitwarire y’amakara yo guhinduka vuba mu gihe cy’ihungabana no kwibasirwa n’ihindagurika ry’amakara irushaho kugorana mu mikorere y’umusaruro kandi isaba uburyo bwo gushishikariza no gucunga amazi mu kigega.
Gutera umwuka mu buryo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe bw'amavuta menshi
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Methane yo mu gikoni cy'amakara ni iki?
Akamaro ko Gukoresha Amavuta yo Gucika mu Mikorere ya CBM
Amavuta yo gushwanyagurika ni ingenzi cyane mu gukuramo CBM, cyane cyane bitewe n'uko hakenewe gufungura amakara adapfa kwinjira neza no koroshya irekurwa n'isohoka rya methane itemba. Imirimo y'ingenzi y'aya mazi irimo:
- Gukora no kwagura imvune kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo guhuza hagati y’amakara n’aho amazi aturuka.
- Gutwara uduce duto (uduce duto) mu bice byimbitse kugira ngo hakomeze inzira zifunguye zo gutembera kwa gaze igihe igitutu kimaze kurekurwa.
- Guhindura imiterere y'imitsi yo mu gace runaka kugira ngo hakorwe neza imiterere y'imitsi yo mu gace runaka kandi hakorwe neza umusaruro wa methane.
Imiterere y'ingenzi y'amazi yo gushwanyagurika kugira ngo CBM irusheho gukangurwa ni:
- Ubucucike: Ifite uburebure buhagije bwo guhagarika no gutwara propant, ariko igomba kwangirika byoroshye kugira ngo amazi agaruke neza kandi agaruke neza. Ubukana bugenga uburyo propant zitangwa neza kandi bugira ingaruka ku bucucike bw'amazi agaruke, bukagira ingaruka ku kugena icyuma gicamo gel ndetse n'igihe cyose cyo kugarura amazi.
- Ubwikorezi bw'Ibintu Bitandukanye: Ubushobozi bwo kugumana propants zihagaze no kwemeza ko zishyirwa ahantu hamwe ni ingenzi, cyane cyane mu miyoboro y'amakara ishobora gutera amacandwe cyangwa imiterere idahwitse y'amacandwe. Ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'amazi, nka high viscosity friction fluids (HVFRs) na hydrophobic polymer/surfactant composites, ryakozwe kugira ngo rirusheho gutwara propants no kunoza umusaruro wa methane mu bihe bitandukanye by'ikigega.
- Guhagarara neza kwa gel: Ibinyobwa bikomoka kuri gel—harimo ubwoko bwa gel ya silica—bigomba kugumana ubushyuhe busanzwe mu kigega n'umunyu, birwanya gusenyuka vuba kugeza igihe bitangiye gukangurwa. Uburyo bwo gukoresha gel mu gucikamo ibice no gukora neza mu gucikamo ibice ni ingenzi mu gucunga gusubira inyuma kw'amazi mu gucukura methane no kwirinda gusenyuka kw'ibinyobwa, bishobora kubangamira gukira kw'ibinyobwa no kwangiza uburyo binjira mu kigega.
Harimo gukorwa udushya dushingiye ku binyabutabire byo kumena gel kugira ngo bigenzure neza igihe n'ingano y'ivunika rya gel, bifashe abayikora kunoza ingano y'ivunika rya gel, kunoza ubwiyongere bw'amazi yo kumena hydraulic, no kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'irema. Iterambere ryo gukurikirana nko gusuzuma ubukana bw'ingufu mu gihe nyacyo ririmo kuba ihame ryo guhindura ibipimo by'imikorere mu gihe cy'ivunika, kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza y'amazi yo kumena hydraulic methane mu gihe cy'ivunika rya hydraulic methane.
Amavuta yo gushwanyaguza amazi akoresha hydraulic fracturing akomeje guhinduka kugira ngo akoreshwe mu bikorwa bya CBM, bitewe n'uko hakenewe gushyirwaho neza propant, gushwanyaguza gel neza, no gukura methane mu buryo bworoshye mu miterere y'amakara.
Gukoresha Gel Breaking: Ibitekerezo n'ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura
Gel Break na Gel Breaking Endpoint ni iki?
Gucika kwa gel bivuga kwangirika kwa gel za polymer zikoreshwa mu gucikamo ibice mu gihe cyo gukuramo methane mu mabuye y'agaciro. Izi gel, zikenewe mu guhagarika ibintu bihagarika no kugenzura ubukana bw'amazi, zigomba kuva kuri gel ifite ubukana bwinshi ikajya ku mazi afite ubukana buke kugira ngo amazi asubire mu buryo bwiza.aho icyuma gica gelni igihe ubushyuhe bugabanuka munsi y’urugero runaka, bigaragaza ko gel itagihagarika urujya n’uruza rw’amazi mu kigega kandi ko ishobora gukorwa byoroshye uhereye ku ikorwa ryayo.
Kugera ku gice gikwiye cyo gusenya gel mu gusohora amazi mu buryo bwa hydraulic fracturing ni ingenzi cyane. Igice gikwiye cyo gusenya gel mu gihe gikwiye gitanga umusaruro wihuse kandi wimbitse w’amazi mu gusohora amazi mu buryo bwa hydraulic, bigabanya kwangirika kw’irema, kandi bikongera umusaruro wa methane. Urugero, sisitemu zigezweho zo gusohora gel mu buryo burambye—nk’uduce duto twa SiO₂ cyangwa uduce duto twa bio-enzyme—zemerera abakoresha kugenzura igihe n’uburyo gel isenya gel mu buryo bwuzuye, bagahindura imiterere y’ubushyuhe kugira ngo ihuze n’imiterere y’ikigega n’ibisabwa mu mikorere. Igerageza ry’ibanze ryerekana ko kugenzura ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo no kurekura icyuma gikoresha ubwenge bifitanye isano no kunoza imikorere yo gusubira inyuma kw’amazi mu buryo bwa hydraulic hamwe n’umuvuduko wo gukuramo methane.
Ingaruka zo gucika kw'ijeli idahagije
Gel idasenya neza amababi ya polymer cyangwa ibice bya gel bisigaye mu kigega cy'amakara n'urusobe rw'amacandwe. Ibi bisigazwa bishobora kuziba imyenge y'ibigega, kugabanya kwinjira kw'ibigega, no kwangiza isohoka rya methane. Kwangirika kw'irema ry'ibi bibuza imyuka kugenda, bigatuma umusaruro uba muke kandi bikabangamira ubwiyongere bw'amazi asohoka mu buryo bunoze.
Byongeye kandi, gucika burundu byongera uburyo amazi agumana mu muyoboro w'amakara. Aya mazi menshi afunga inzira z'amazi atembera kandi akagabanya ubushobozi bwo gucika burundu kw'amazi. Urugero, ubushakashatsi bugereranya bugaragaza ko amazi mashya ashingiye kuri polymer/surfactant atuma gel icika burundu kandi agasiga ibisigazwa bike ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe, bigatuma metani isubiranamo cyane. Ibikorwa nko kuvura aside nyuma yo gucika byagaragaye ko bigarura ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mazi, ariko kwirinda biracyari byiza binyuze mu kunoza uburyo bwo gucika burundu kw'amazi.
Gukoresha neza ingano ya Gel Breaker
Kunoza ubwinshi bw'ibice bya gel breaker ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma gel breaker icika burundu. Intego ni ugukoresha inyongeramusaruro zihagije za gel breaker—nk'ibinyabutabire bya bio, oxydants gakondo, cyangwa nanoparticle-encapsulated breakers—kugira ngo gel ivugurure idasize imiti myinshi mu kigega. Gukoresha gel irenze urugero bishobora gutuma viscosity igabanuka vuba mu gihe propant ishyirwa, mu gihe ingano idahagije ya gel icika burundu kandi ibisigazwa bikayirundanya.
Ingamba zigezweho zo gupima ingano zikoresha sisitemu zo gufunga icyuma cyangwa enzymes ziterwa n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo zihuze igihe cyo kugabanya gel. Urugero, aside sulfamique ivanze muri resin ya urea-formaldehyde yemerera gusohora icyuma buhoro buhoro bikwiye imiterere y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma viscosity igabanuka gusa iyo amazi atangiye kugaruka. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura viscosity mu gihe nyacyo bitanga ibitekerezo bifasha kunoza imikorere y'icyuma cyo gufunga gel mu mazi asohoka, bigafasha guhita bifatwa mu gihe imiterere y'icyuma itandukaniye n'igenamigambi ry'imikorere.
Ingero zo mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku igerageza zigaragaza inyungu: Iyo igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’amazi cyahuzwaga n’ubushyuhe bw’amazi avunitse n’ubushyuhe bw’ikigega, abakora bashoboye kwihutisha gusubira inyuma kw’amazi avunitse, bagabanya imiti isigaye, kandi umusaruro wa methane urazamuka. Mu buryo bunyuranye, amabwiriza rusange y’igipimo akunze gutera gutinda cyangwa gusubira inyuma kw’amazi ku buryo budahagije, bishimangira akamaro k’amakuru akoreshwa mu gihe nyacyo n’ubwinshi bw’amazi avunitse mu buryo bwa tekiniki zo gusohora methane hifashishijwe hydraulic.
Gukurikirana ubukana bw'amazi acitse: Uburyo n'ikoranabuhanga
Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'amazi acikagurika
Gucukura methane ikoreshwa mu mabuye y'agaciro bikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bw'amazi acukurwa.Imiterere y'amashusho kuri interinetin'ikoranabuhanga rya sensor mu gihe nyacyo rituma abakoresha field bakurikirana viscosity buri gihe mu gihe cyo gusubira inyuma kw'amazi. Amahitamo meza arimoLoNnmeterViscometer yo mu murongo, yakozwe mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imimerere ikomeye y’ubutaka kandi yujuje ibisabwa bya API byo gupima ubushyuhe. Kuramba kwayo bikwiranye n’imikorere ya CBM ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ikora neza, kandi bigatuma habaho igenzura rihoraho ku bigega bivangavanze cyangwa ku mashini zitera inshinge.
Uburyo gakondo bwo muri laboratwari, nka viscometer zizunguruka, burimo gukusanya ingero no gupima ubukana bw'ingufu zikenewe kugira ngo uhindure umugozi ku muvuduko uhoraho.amazi atari ay'i NewtoniaUbusanzwe mu buhanga bwa CBM hydraulic fracturing, uburyo bwo kuzenguruka muri laboratwari butanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru ariko buragenda buhoro, butuma habaho gutinda gupima, kandi akenshi ntibushobora kubona impinduka zihinduka mu buryo bw'ingufu mu gihe nyacyo. Uburyo bushingiye kuri ultraviolet na mudasobwa bwo gupima ubunini bwarabonetse kugira ngo hasesengurwe neza ariko buracyari muri laboratwari.
Ibikoresho bya Viscometer bihindagurika, nk'ubwoko bw'uduti duhindagurika, bipima mu buryo butaziguye ubukana bw'amazi mu murima binyuze mu kumenya uburyo amazi ahindagurika cyangwa impinduka mu buryo bw'amajwi. Ubu buryo butuma habaho isuzuma ryihuse kandi rihoraho mu gihe cyo gucika kw'amazi mu buryo bwihuse.
Gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo ugereranije no gupima ingero bisanzwe
Gukurikirana viscometer mu gihe nyacyo biha abakoresha ibitekerezo byihuse ku byemezo by'ingenzi byo kugenzura ibikorwa. Viscometer zo mu murongo na sisitemu zo gupima zitanga isuzuma ryikora kandi rihoraho nta gutinda guterwa no gusesengura ibya laboratwari. Ubu buryo bwo gusubiza ni ingenzi mu gucunga igaruka ry'amazi mu gukuramo methane mu mabuye y'agaciro, kuko kumenya hakiri kare ko gel yangiritse bidahagije bituma habaho guhindura ku gihe igipimo cy'imashini igabanya gel no kunoza uburyo ikoreshwa. Urugero, inyongera za gel zigabanya gel zirekurwa mu gihe kirekire, nka parafini-coated silica nanoparticles, zisaba ko zishyirwa ku gihe hamwe n'igabanuka ry'imashini nyayo, bishoboka gusa iyo amakuru atanzwe mu gihe nyacyo. Mu buryo bunyuranye, gupima muri laboratwari ntibishobora kubona impinduka zihuse, gutinda ibikorwa byo gukosora no gushyira mu kaga amazi ya hydraulic fracturing fluid adakora neza.
Byongeye kandi, inyongeramusaruro za gel zishingiye kuri enzymes kandi zisubiza CO₂ zishingira ku bitekerezo byihuse ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’ubucucike. Gupima ubucucike buri gihe bishyigikira uburyo buhindagurika bwo gupima no gukora, kunoza imikorere y’ubucucike bwa gel mu mazi acukura no kunoza ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ubuhanga bwo gucukura methane hifashishijwe hydraulic metane.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi byo gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo bwihuse birimo:
- Kwitabira vuba ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo kuvunika kw'amazi.
- Kugabanya imyanda y'ibicuruzwa no kunoza uburyo bikoreshwa.
- Kwinjizwa mu buryo butaziguye muri gahunda zo kugenzura ibikorwa no kubahiriza amategeko.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo gukurikirana
Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura amazi yo gushwanyagurika hakoreshejwe hydraulic ni viscosity y'amazi yo gushwanyagurika. Gukurikirana iki gipimo mu gihe nyacyo bigaragaza imiterere y'ivunika rya gel n'imikorere myiza y'ivunika. Impinduka zikomeye mu kimenyetso cy'ivunika rya gel niba ivunika rya gel ryarangiye, bisaba kumenya aho rigarukira no gukoresha ivunika ryinshi. Kwiga imashini no gutunganya ibimenyetso bigezweho, nko gusenya uburyo bwo gukora, kunoza ukuri kw'amakuru ndetse no mu bihe bigoye by'inganda, bitanga ubumenyi bufatika mu gihe cy'ibikorwa byo gushwanyagurika.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi mu gihe nyacyo birimo:
- Ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'amazi aho bipimirwa.
- Igipimo cyo gukata amazi mu mirongo inyuramo.
- Kuba hari uduce duto n'udukoko bigira ingaruka ku mibare y'ubushyuhe.
- Igipimo n'uburyo ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bufatika biragabanuka nyuma yo kongeramo breaker.
Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse cyane, abakoresha bashobora kwemeza ko ubushyuhe bwa gel bucitse neza kandi bakagabanya ikoreshwa ry’ubushyuhe ritari ngombwa. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe butaracika butuma ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera, bigasaba ko hakosorwa ako kanya.
Muri make, gukurikirana buri gihe ubukana bw'amazi asohoka mu kirere bitanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku buryo bwo kunoza uburyo gel ivunjwa, bishyigikira kumenya aho gel ivunjwa, kandi bigashyigikira imicungire ijyanye n'igihe kugira ngo amazi avunjwa mu buryo bunoze mu gucukura methane yo mu ifuru.
Gukoresha no guhuza mu gucukura methane ikozwe mu mabuye y'agaciro
Amakuru y'ubukana bw'igihe nyacyo yo kumenya igihe Gel ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugabanya ubukana bw'imperekeza
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima ubushyuhe bw'amazi ku isoko butuma abakoresha bamenya neza aho gel icika mu mazi acika. Viscometer zifata impinduka zihoraho mu miterere y'amazi mu gihe cyose cyo gucika kw'amazi, zigatuma ihinduka kuva kuri gelled fluid rijya kuri macinya rikurikiranwa neza. Ubu buryo burinda ingaruka ziterwa no gutera gel breaker imburagihe, bishobora gutuma propant idatwara neza no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara imvune. Ku rundi ruhande, gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse bigabanya gutinda kwa gel breaker bishobora kubangamira gusubira inyuma kw'amazi, bigatera kwangirika kw'imiterere y'amazi, cyangwa bikongera ikiguzi cya shimi.
Ibyuma bigezweho bipima ishusho y'umutuku bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga byamaze kwemezwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu byobo bya methane (CBM), bitanga uburyo bwo kumenya imiterere y'amazi ava mu kirere bitewe n'ivumbi ry'amazi asohoka. Ibi bikoresho bihuza neza n'ibikorwa remezo by'amariba kandi bitanga ubumenyi bw'ingenzi mu gucunga imikorere y'amariba, cyane cyane mu bihe byinshi byo gusohora CBM. Binyuze mu gukoresha imiterere y'amariba aho gukoresha agaciro ka static cutoff, abakora bagenzura neza imiterere y'amariba, bigabanya ibyago byo gusenyuka kw'amariba ku buryo budahagije ndetse n'imikorere idahwitse.
Guhindura Igipimo cya Gel Breaker mu buryo bwikora
Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'ibice by'amazi butuma habaho uburyo bwo kugenzura imiterere y'ibice by'amazi bya gel. Sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura, zifite ibikoresho byo gupima ibyondo byikora n'ibice by'ibitekerezo bifatanye na sensor, zihindura umuvuduko w'ibice by'amazi mu buryo butaziguye bitewe n'amakuru y'imiterere y'amazi. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku makuru ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo gupima gel mu buryo bwa coalbed methane hydraulic fracturing.
Utwuma duto twa gel dupfundikiye—harimo resin ya urea-formaldehyde na aside sulfamic—twakozwe kugira ngo tugenzurwe neza, bikarinda kugabanuka kwa viscosity imburagihe ndetse no mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Igeragezwa rya laboratwari ryemeza ko dukora neza kandi tukizewe, bishyigikira ingamba zo guhindura mu buryo bwikora mu murima. Utwuma duto twa Bio-enzymes twongera ubushobozi bwo guhitamo no gukora neza kw'ingano, cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe n'imiterere ya shear bihindagurika mu gihe cyo gushwanyagurika kw'amazi. Utu twuma duto twa smart breaker tugabanya viscosity ikagera munsi ya 10 cP ku gipimo cya 100 s⁻¹ shear, bifasha mu buryo butaziguye kumenya shear endpoint no kunoza uburyo bwo kongeramo imiti.
Ibyiza birimo kongera kurekura methane mu miyoboro y'amakara, kugarura amazi mu buryo bwiza, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti muri rusange. Uburyo bwo gupima ibyuma byikora bugabanya ibyago byo kuvurwa nabi no gukabya, bikorohereza imicungire yuzuye y'imiti ikoreshwa mu gusohora gel hakoreshejwe imyanda mike.
Ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'amazi yo gucika kw'amazi
Gukurikirana imiterere y'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gucika kw'amazi hakoreshejwe hydraulic fracturing ni ingenzi mu guhanura no kugabanya igihe cyo gucika kw'amazi hakoreshejwe CBM. Ingero z'isesengura zikoresha amakuru y'ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo n'ibigereranyo by'ibikoresho byagaragaje ko amazi yo gucika kw'amazi yavuyemo umwuka yagarutse neza, bigatuma habaho kugaruka vuba ku musaruro wa gaze. Abakoresha iyi miyoboro bakoresha iyi miyoboro kugira ngo barebe neza aho gel yamenetse no kwihutisha gucika kw'amazi, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'igihe kirekire no kongera umusaruro w'ikigega.
Inyigo zo gupima urusobe rw'amagufwa ya fractal hamwe n'ubushakashatsi ku magufwa agaragaza ko gucunga uburyo bwo kugabanya ubukana bw'amagufwa byongera uburyo amagufwa agumana kandi bikarinda gufunga imburagihe. Isesengura rigereranya ibihe byo kugabanya ubukana bw'amagufwa bya mbere n'ibya kabiri bigaragaza uruhare rw'igenzura ry'amagufwa mu gukomeza umusaruro mwinshi no kugabanya imitego y'amazi mu matrix y'amakara. Mu guhuza ibitekerezo ku magufwa ya fractal n'igenzura ry'amagufwa mu gihe nyacyo, abakora bigira ubwenge bushoboka bwo kunoza uburyo amagufwa ya fractal asubirana mu byuzi bya CBM ahora akoreshwa.
Guhuza na CO₂ Fracturing kuri Coalbed Methane
Ibikorwa bya CO₂ byo gushwanyaguza methane yo mu ifu y’amakara bitanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe mu gucunga ubushyuhe bw’amazi asohoka. Gukoresha ibinyabutabire bisubiza inyuma CO₂ bituma habaho guhindura ubushyuhe bwihuse kandi mu gihe nyacyo, bigahuza n’impinduka mu miterere y’amazi n’ubushyuhe bw’ikigega mu gihe cyo gukangura. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanye ko ubushyuhe bwinshi bw’ibinyabutabire n’ibinyabutabire binini bya CO₂ bitanga ubushyuhe bwihuse, butuma habaho ikwirakwira ry’ibinyabutabire no kurekura imyuka.
Sisitemu nshya z'ikoranabuhanga zikoresha insinga n'ikoranabuhanga zitanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku bice by'amazi bicikagurika ndetse n'uburyo bikorana na CO₂, bigatuma habaho impinduka zikomeye mu gihe cy'irangira ry'amazi. Ibi byongera kugenzura uburyo gel icikagurika kandi bigabanya gel icikagurika idakora neza, bigatuma uburyo bwo kuyikangura bugera ku musaruro mwiza.
Mu bihe byo gushwanyagurika kwa gel ya CO₂ foam, formulations zigumana ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya mPa·s 50 kandi zigagabanya kwangirika kw'imbere munsi ya 19%. Gutunganya igihe n'ingano y'inyongera za gel ni ingenzi cyane, kuko kwiyongera kwa CO₂, ubushyuhe, n'umuvuduko wo gushwanyagurika bihindura vuba imyitwarire ya rheological. Guhuza amakuru mu gihe nyacyo, hamwe n'inyongera zisubiza inyuma, bishyigikira kugenzura inzira no kubungabunga ibidukikije binyuze mu kunoza uburyo amazi ya hydraulic fracturing agaruka kandi bikagabanya kwangirika kw'imiterere.
Amazi ya Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback n'amazi yakozwe kugira ngo akurweho CO2
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Kunoza umusaruro w'ibidukikije n'ubukungu
Kugabanya imitwaro yo gusukura amazi asubira inyuma
Gusenya neza gel y'amazi ashyushye, bikozwe binyuze mu gupima ubukana bw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo n'igipimo nyacyo cy'imashini igabanya gel, bigabanya cyane ubwinshi bwa polymer isigaye mu mazi ashyushye. Ibi byoroshya uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yo mu mazi, kuko ibisigazwa bike bya gel bituma bigabanuka mu byuma biyungurura kandi bigagabanya ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho bivura imiti. Urugero, uburyo bushingiye ku gusohora amazi bukoresha microbubble fall kugira ngo buhagarike neza imyanda n'ibisigazwa bya gel, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyitunganya no kugabanya umwanda ugaragara muri reverse osmosis na forward osmosis systems.
Amazi meza yo gusubira inyuma agabanya ibyago byo kurengera ibidukikije, kuko kugabanuka kwa gel n'imiti bisigaye bivuze ko bishobora kwanduza ubutaka n'amazi mu gihe cyo kujugunya cyangwa kongera gukoreshwa. Ubushakashatsi bwemeza ko gusenyuka kwa gel burundu—cyane cyane iyo hakoreshejwe enzymes za gel—bituma uburozi bugabanuka, ibisigazwa bike, kandi bigatuma amazi avunika neza, bigafasha mu kugarura methane neza no koroshya kongera amazi nta kiguzi kinini cyongerewe. Igerageza ryakorewe mu kibaya cya Ordos ryerekana izi nyungu ku bidukikije no mu mikorere, rihuza gusenyuka kwa gel neza no kunoza ubuziranenge bw'amazi no kugabanya umutwaro w'amategeko ku bakoresha.
Kuzigama Ikiguzi cy'Imikorere no Kunoza Imitungo
Gucika neza kw'amazi ya gel akoreshwa mu gucukura amashanyarazi bigabanya igihe gisabwa cyo gusubira inyuma kw'amazi mu gucukura methane yo mu ifuru. Mu kumenya neza aho gel ikoreshwa no kunoza ingano y'amazi akoreshwa mu gucukura gel, abakoresha bagabanya ingano y'amazi akoreshwa mu gucukura amashanyarazi akenewe ndetse n'igihe cyose iriba rigomba kumara mu buryo bwo gusubira inyuma kw'amazi nyuma yo gucukura amashanyarazi. Uku kugabanuka kw'igihe cyo gusubira inyuma kw'amazi bituma amazi azigamwa cyane kandi bigagabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti mu gutunganya amashanyarazi, bigagabanya amafaranga yose akoreshwa mu bikorwa.
Uburyo bugezweho—nk'ibice bigabanya ubushyuhe bya SiO₂ nanoparticle gel birekurwa buri gihe hamwe n'ibisubizo bya bio-enzyme—binoza uburyo gel isenyuka mu bushyuhe butandukanye, bikanatuma ibisigazwa by'amazi bigabanuka vuba kandi neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amazi agaruka vuba kandi akaba meza, bigabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza no kongera uburyo umutungo ukoreshwa. Kurushaho gusohora methane mu makara bigaragarira mu kuziba kw'imyenge mike, bigatuma umusaruro wa gaze wiyongera. Ubushakashatsi ku makara muri Illinois bwemeza ko ibisigazwa bya gel bishobora kwangiza uburyo methane na CO₂ isenyuka, bishimangira akamaro ko gusenyuka kw'ibuye ry'amashanyarazi kugira ngo hakorwe neza.
Abakora ibikoresho bakoresheje uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu gihe nyacyo bagaragaje ko imicungire y'amazi yavunitse yarushijeho kuba myiza, bigatuma umutungo urushaho kuba mwiza. Ishoramari ryihuse mu buryo bugezweho bwo gukata gel n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo bitanga ubwizigame mu bukungu binyuze mu kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gusukura, kugabanya kwangirika kw'irema ry'amazi, no kongera umusaruro wa gaze mu buryo burambye. Ubu bushya ubu ni ingenzi ku bakora ibikoresho bashaka kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije no kongera inyungu mu bukungu mu bikorwa byo gukata hydraulic metane.
Ingamba z'ingenzi zo gushyira mu bikorwa igenzura ry'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo
Guhitamo no gushyira ibikoresho
Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima ubushyuhe mu gusohora methane mu ikara bisaba gusuzuma witonze ibintu byinshi:
- Ingano yo gupima:Utwuma tureba (sensors) tugomba kwakira uburyo bwose bwo gucika kw'amazi, harimo no guhinduka kw'amazi mu gihe cyo gucika kw'ijipo no gusubira inyuma kw'amazi.
- Igihe cyo gusubiza:Ibikoresho byihuse byo gusuzuma ni ngombwa kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka zihuse mu mikorere y’amaraso mu gucika kw’amaraso, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gutera imiti n’ibikorwa byo gusubira inyuma kw’amaraso. Ibitekerezo by’igihe nyacyo bishyigikira ibyemezo byo kunoza ingano y’ibipimo bya gel breaker kandi bigagena neza aho gel breaker igarukira.
- Guhuza:Ibikoresho bigomba kuba birwanya ibiyobyabwenge biva ku binyabutabire bya gel, ibinyabutabire bishingiye kuri CO2, n'ibivanze bya propant. Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira imiterere mibi kandi ihindagurika ya hydraulic iboneka mu miyoboro ya CBM fracturing.
Gushyira neza ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa viscosity ni ingenzi kugira ngo amakuru abe meza kandi yizewe:
- Ahantu hakorerwa ibikorwa byinshi bya Hydraulic:Utwuma dushyirwa hafi cyangwa imbere y’imiyoboro itwara amazi acitse—izamuka n’imanuka y’aho icyuma gitera gel breaker gishyirwa—dufata impinduka z’ubukana bw’amazi mu kugenzura imikorere.
- Sitasiyo zo kugenzura ubwiyongere bw'amazi:Gushyira sensors ahantu ho gukusanya no gusohora fluid bituma habaho isuzuma ryihuse ry’imikorere ya gel, ibibazo bya gel fluid bitaragera, hamwe n’ubukana bw’amazi fluid flowback kugira ngo amazi hydraulic fracturing agaruke.
- Guhitamo aho amakuru aherereye biturutse ku makuru:Uburyo bwo gusesengura no gusesengura uburyo bwo gupima bwa Bayesian bwibanze ku bice bifite amakuru menshi byitezweho, bigabanya kutamenya neza no kongera imiterere y’igenzura ry’ubushyuhe.
Ingero:Viscometer zo mu murongoIshyirwa mu byiciro by'ingenzi bya fracturing circuit rituma habaho kugenzura ibikorwa bihoraho, mu gihe ibyuma bito bya sensor byakozwe hakoreshejwe QR factorization bigumana imbaraga hamwe n'ibikoresho bike.
Guhuza ibikorwa remezo bya CBM biriho
Guhindura uburyo bwo kugenzura viscosity mu gihe nyacyo bikubiyemo kuvugurura tekiniki no guhindura imikorere:
- Uburyo bwo kuvugurura:Sisitemu zisanzwe zo gucikamo ibice akenshi zikoresha sensor zigenda zigana ku murongo—nk'ibice bya viscometer by'imiyoboro—binyuze mu miyoboro ifite flange cyangwa inyuzi. Guhitamo sensor zifite porogaramu zisanzwe z'itumanaho ry'umuyoboro (Modbus, OPC) bituma habaho guhuza neza.
- Guhuza SCADA:Guhuza sensors za viscosity na sisitemu zo kugenzura no kubona amakuru (SCADA) zoroshya gukusanya amakuru mu buryo bwikora, gutanga amakuru ku bijyanye na viscosity idasobanutse, no kugenzura imikorere y’amazi avunika.
- Amahugurwa ku batekinisiye bo mu murima:Abatekinisiye bagomba kwiga atari imikorere y’ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor gusa, ahubwo no kumenya uburyo bwo gusobanura amakuru. Gahunda z’amahugurwa zirimo gahunda zo gupima, kwemeza amakuru, gukemura ibibazo, no gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza inyongeramusaruro za gel hakurikijwe ibisubizo by’ubukana mu gihe nyacyo.
- Gukoresha amakuru y'ubucucike:Amadirishya yo mu gihe nyacyo agaragaza uko ibintu bigenda mu gucika kw'amazi, ashyigikira impinduka zihuse ku gipimo cy'umuvuduko wa gel no gucunga igaruka ry'amazi mu gucukura methane mu icupa ry'amakara. Urugero: Sisitemu zikoresha uburyo bwikora zikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru kugira ngo zinoze uburyo gel yacika kandi zibuze ko gel yacika burundu.
Buri ngamba—guhitamo sensor, gushyira ahantu heza, guhuza ibikorwa remezo, no gukomeza gushyigikira imikorere—bituma igenzura ry’ubushyuhe mu buryo nyabwo ritanga amakuru ashobora gukorwa kugira ngo hakorwe neza inzira zo gushwanyaguza metani y’amazi no kongera imikorere myiza.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
1. Methane yo mu ikara ni iki kandi itandukanye ite na gaze karemano isanzwe?
Methane y'amakara (CBM) ni gazi karemano ibikwa mu miyoboro y'amakara, cyane cyane nk'imyuka inyuzwa ku buso bw'amakara. Bitandukanye na gazi karemano isanzwe, iboneka nk'imyuka yigenga mu bigega by'amabuye bifite imyenge nk'amabuye y'umucanga na karubone, CBM ifite imyenge mike kandi inyuramo. Ibi bivuze ko iyo gazi ihambiriye cyane, kandi kuyikuramo bishingiye ku gukurwamo amazi no kugabanya umuvuduko kugira ngo ikuremo methane mu matrix y'amakara. Ibigega bya CBM nabyo biratandukanye cyane, akenshi birimo methane y'ibinyabuzima cyangwa iy'umwuka. Gucika kw'amazi ni ingenzi mu gukora CBM, bisaba gucunga neza ubwiyongere bw'amazi no gusenyuka kwa gel kugira ngo gazi igaruke neza kandi igabanye kwangirika kw'imiterere yayo.
2. Gucika kwa gel mu gutunganya amazi acitse ni iki?
Gucika kwa gel bivuga inzira yo kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire by'amazi yo gucika kwa viscosity ikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gucika kwa hydraulic. Ayo mazi, akenshi agizwe na polymer, ashyirwa mu kigega kugira ngo avunike kandi atware umucanga cyangwa proppant. Nyuma yo gucika kwa gel, gel breakers—iganjemo enzymes, nanoparticle, cyangwa chemical agents—yongerwamo kugira ngo igabanye viscosity binyuze mu guca iminyururu ya polymer. Iyo gel imaze gucika, amazi ahinduka viscosity nto, bigatuma amazi asubira inyuma neza, agagabanuka, kandi hakongerwa umusaruro wa methane.
3. Ni gute kugenzura ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo bifasha mu kuvunika gel y'amazi?
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo bitanga amakuru yihuse kandi ahoraho ku bushyuhe bw'amazi avunika mu gihe gel ivunika. Ibi bituma ababikora bashobora:
- Garagaza neza aho gel icika kandi wirinde ko icika burundu.
- Hindura ingano y'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura gel mu buryo buhamye, wirinde ko ikoreshwa mu gukamura gel mu buryo bukabije cyangwa ko idakoreshwa neza.
- Menya impinduka mbi (ubushyuhe bwinshi, umwanda) hanyuma usubize vuba.
- Ongera uburyo amazi avunika kugira ngo agaruke vuba kandi asa neza kandi anonosore uburyo bwo gukuramo CBM neza.
Urugero, mu byuzi bya CBM, ikoranabuhanga rya telemetry na sensors zo mu mazi ziyobora igihe n'ingano y'inshinge ya gel breaker, bigabanya ibyago byo gukora n'igihe cy'ingendo.
4. Kuki gukoresha neza ingano ya gel breaker ari ingenzi mu gukuramo methane mu icupa ry'amakara?
Igipimo gikwiye cyo gusohora gel ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo polima za gel zisenyuke neza nta kwangiza ikigega. Iyo igipimo ari gito cyane, ibisigazwa bya gel bishobora kuziba imyenge, bigagabanya kwinjira no gukora methane. Gukoresha gel nyinshi bishobora kugabanya ubukana bw'amazi cyangwa kwangirika kw'imiti. Ibipimo byiza—bikunze kugerwaho hakoreshejwe uduce duto cyangwa bio-enzymes—bitera:
- Kwangirika guke kw'imiterere no kugumana ibisigazwa by'ibisigazwa
- Gusubira inyuma neza kw'amazi avunika
- Ikiguzi cyo gutunganya amazi nyuma yo gusubira mu mazi kiri hasi
- Kugabanuka kwa methane no kongera umusaruro muri rusange.
5. Ni izihe mpamvu n'ingaruka zikunze guterwa no gucika burundu kwa gel mu gukuramo CBM?
Gucika burundu kwa gel bishobora guterwa n'ibi bikurikira:
- Ubucucike budahagije bwa gel breaker cyangwa igihe kitari cyo
- Kuvanga no gukwirakwiza amazi nabi mu mwobo w'amazi
- Imiterere mibi y'ikigega cy'amazi (ubushyuhe, pH, shimi y'amazi)
Ibyago birimo:
- Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amazi asubira inyuma, bibangamira isuku
- Polima zisigaye zifunga imiyoboro y'imyenge, bigatera kwangirika kw'imiterere
- Igipimo cyo kugarura methane gike bitewe n'inzira zo kureka amazi zigabanye
- Ibiciro byo gusukura amazi no gusana amariba byiyongera
Urugero, gukoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukata imiti bitagenzuwe mu buryo bufatika bishobora gusiga ibice bya polymer bitarangirika, bigagabanya umusaruro n'imikorere ya CBM.
6. Ni gute CO₂ fracturing igira ingaruka ku bucucike bw'amazi ashwanyagurika mu mikorere ya methane yo mu ikara?
CO₂ fracturing ishyira CO₂ nk'ifuro cyangwa amazi akomeye mu mvange y'amazi ashyushye. Ibi bihindura imikoranire y'imiti n'imiterere ya rheological ya gel, bigatera:
- Ubushyuhe buzagabanuka vuba bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'ingano ya CO₂, umuvuduko wo gukata, n'ubushyuhe
- Birashoboka kwangirika kwa matrix niba viscosity igabanuka vuba cyane cyangwa ibisigazwa bigakomeza
- Hakenewe ibikoresho byihariye byo gukurura CO₂ n'ibikoresho byo gusukura kugira ngo bihamye ubushyuhe bw'ingufu kugira ngo propant ifatwe neza kandi ivunje neza gel
Abakoresha bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo bahindure igipimo cy’ibice bigabanya ubushyuhe bitewe n’izi mpinduka, barebe neza ko gel yamenetse neza kandi bakarinda umushongi w’amakara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-06-2025
