Kurerembamuri Benefication
Gushyira amabuye mu gaciro byongera agaciro k'amabuye y'agaciro binyuze mu gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro n'amabuye y'agaciro ya gangue mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro binyuze mu itandukaniro rifatika n'iry'imiti. Byaba ari ugukora ku byuma bidafite feri, ibyuma bya ferrous, cyangwa amabuye atari ibyuma, gushyira amabuye mu gaciro bigira uruhare runini mu gutanga ibikoresho fatizo byiza cyane.
1. Uburyo bwo kuzenguruka
(1) Kugenda mu kirere mu buryo butaziguye
Gutemba mu buryo butaziguye bivuga kuyungurura amabuye y'agaciro ava mu gishanga binyuze mu kuyareka agafata ku byuma by'umwuka no kureremba hejuru, mu gihe amabuye y'agaciro ya gangue aguma mu gishanga. Ubu buryo ni ingenzi mu kongerera ubwiza ibyuma bidafite fer. Urugero, gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro bigera ku rwego rwo gutemba nyuma yo gusya no gusya mu gutunganya amabuye y'umuringa, aho hashyirwamo anionic ikusanya kugira ngo ihindure hydrophobicity kandi irekere aho ifata ku buso bw'amabuye y'umuringa. Hanyuma uduce tw'umuringa duto dufata ku byuma by'umwuka hanyuma tukazamuka, tugakora urwego rw'ifuro ririmo umuringa mwinshi. Iyi furo ikusanyirizwa mu gice cy'ibanze cy'amabuye y'umuringa, akora nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo yongere gukosora.
(2) Guhindagurika kw'amazi
Guhindura imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bwa reverse flotation bikubiyemo kureremba mu mazi y’amabuye y’agaciro mu gihe amabuye y’agaciro aguma mu mazi y’agaciro. Urugero, mu gutunganya icyuma gikoresheje imyanda ya quartz, anionic cyangwa cationic collectors zikoreshwa mu guhindura ibidukikije by’amabuye y’agaciro. Ibi bihindura imiterere ya quartz ihinduka hydrophilic, bigatuma ifata ku byuma by’umwuka ikareremba.
(3) Uburyo bwo kuzenguruka ahantu hihariye
Iyo amabuye y'agaciro arimo ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi by'agaciro, uburyo bwo kuyatandukanya buri gice bukurikije ibintu nk'ibikorwa by'amabuye y'agaciro n'agaciro k'ubukungu. Ubu buryo bwo kuyahindura buri gice butuma buri kintu cy'agaciro kigaruzwa mu buryo bwiza kandi bugasubizwa mu buryo bwiza, bigatuma umutungo kamere ukoreshwa neza.
(4) Kurekura kw'ibice byinshi
Guhuza amabuye y'agaciro menshi muri rusange, bikayahuza kugira ngo haboneke imvange y'amabuye, hanyuma bigatandukana. Urugero, mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa na nikeli, aho amabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa na nikeli bifitanye isano rya hafi, guhuza amabuye y'agaciro hakoreshejwe ibintu nk'ibinini nka xanthates cyangwa thiols bituma amabuye y'agaciro y'umuringa na nikeli ahuza icyarimwe, bigatuma habaho imvange y'amabuye y'agaciro. Uburyo bugoye bwo gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro bukurikiraho, nko gukoresha ibinini bya lime na cyanide, butandukanya ibinini by'umuringa na nikeli bifite isuku nyinshi. Ubu buryo bwo "gukusanya mbere, gutandukanya nyuma" bugabanya igihombo cy'amabuye y'agaciro mu byiciro bya mbere kandi bunoza cyane igipimo rusange cyo kugarura amabuye y'agaciro akomeye.
2. Uburyo bwo kuzenguruka: Intambwe ku yindi ni ubuziranenge
(1) Inzira yo kuzenguruka mu cyiciro: Gutunganya byiyongereye
Mu kuzura kw'amabuye, kuzura kw'amabuye mu cyiciro biyobora itunganywa ry'amabuye y'agaciro akomeye binyuze mu kugabanya inzira yo kuzura mu byiciro byinshi.
Urugero, mu nzira yo kuzenguruka mu byiciro bibiri, amabuye y'agaciro ashyirwa mu buryo bugoye, agakuramo ibice by'amabuye y'agaciro. Icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuzenguruka gisubiza ayo mabuye y'agaciro nk'ibice by'ibanze. Uduce dusigaye tutarasohoka dukomeza kugera ku cyiciro cya kabiri cyo gusya kugira ngo ingano irusheho kugabanuka, hagakurikiraho ikindi cyiciro cyo kuzenguruka. Ibi bituma amabuye y'agaciro asigaye atandukanywa neza kandi agahuzwa n'ibice by'ibanze. Ubu buryo burinda gusya cyane mu cyiciro cya mbere, bugabanya imyanda y'umutungo, kandi bunoza uburyo bwo kuzenguruka mu kirere.
Ku mabuye y’agaciro akomeye, nk’arimo ibyuma byinshi bidasanzwe bifite imiterere ya kristu ifatanye neza, hashobora gukoreshwa inzira yo kuzenguruka mu byiciro bitatu. Intambwe zo gusya no kuzenguruka mu kirere zituma habaho gusuzuma neza no kwemeza ko buri mabuye y’agaciro acukurwa neza kandi agasubirana, bigashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo gukomeza gutunganywa.
3. Ibintu by'ingenzi mu bijyanye no kuzura kw'amazi
(1) Agaciro ka pH: Ingano nto y'ubushyuhe bw'ibinure
Agaciro ka pH k'urutare kagira uruhare runini mu kuzura kw'amazi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'ubuso bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'imikorere ya reagent. Iyo pH iri hejuru y'inkombe ya isoelectric y'amabuye y'agaciro, ubuso buba bufite charge mbi; munsi yayo, ubuso buba bufite charge nziza. Izi mpinduka mu charge y'ubuso zigena imikoranire hagati y'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibice biremereye, kimwe no gukurura cyangwa kwirukana magnets.
Urugero, mu gihe cy’aside, imyunyungugu ya sulfide yungukira mu kongera ibikorwa byo gukusanya, bigatuma byoroha gufata imyunyungugu ya sulfide. Ku rundi ruhande, imiterere ya alkaline yoroshya ihindagurika ry’imyunyungugu ya oxide binyuze mu guhindura imiterere yayo yo hejuru kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo gukora reagent.
Imyunyungugu itandukanye ikenera urwego rwa pH rwihariye kugira ngo ihinduke, bikaba ngombwa kugenzura neza. Urugero, mu ihindagurika ry’amazi ya quartz na calcite, quartz ishobora kureremba cyane binyuze mu guhindura pH y’amazi kuri 2-3 no gukoresha amine-based collectors. Ku rundi ruhande, ihindagurika rya calcite rikundwa cyane mu bihe bya alkaline hamwe n’iyungurura rishingiye kuri aside irike. Uku guhindura pH neza ni ingenzi mu kugera ku gutandukanya neza amabuye y’agaciro.
(2) Urwego rw'ibisubizo
Uburyo bwo gukora reagent bugenga inzira yo kuzenguruka, bukubiyemo guhitamo, gukoresha, gutegura no kongeramo reagent. Reagents zinjira mu buryo bwihariye ku buso bw'amabuye y'agaciro, bigatuma zihinduka ubwiyongere bwazo mu mazi.
Ifuro ikomeza utubumbe mu rurerure kandi yoroshya uburyo uduce duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto. Ifuro isanzwe irimo amavuta ya pinusi na cresol, ikora utubumbe duto kandi dukomeye two gufatanya uduce duto.
Ibihindura imiterere y'ubuso bw'amabuye y'agaciro bikongera bigahindura imiterere y'ibinyabutabire cyangwa amashanyarazi mu gice cy'amazi.
Igipimo cy’ibinyabutabire gisaba ubuziranenge—ingano idahagije igabanya ubukana bw’amazi, ikagabanya igipimo cyo kugarura ibintu, mu gihe ingano irenze urugero isesagura ibinyabutabire, yongera ikiguzi, kandi ikagabanya ubuziranenge. Ibikoresho by’ubwenge nkaIgipimo cyo gupima ibipimo kuri interinetiishobora kugenzura neza ingano y'ibinini bitanga reagent.
Igihe n'uburyo bwo kongeramo reagent nabyo ni ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho bikosora, ibigabanya ihungabana, hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bikusanya akenshi byongerwamo mu gihe cyo gusya kugira ngo bitegure ibidukikije by'ibinyabutabire by'urusenda hakiri kare. Ibikoresho bikusanya n'ibifuro bikunze gushyirwa mu kigega cya mbere cyo kuzura kugira ngo birusheho kugira akamaro mu bihe bikomeye.
(3) Igipimo cy'umwuka uva mu kirere
Igipimo cy’umwuka gitanga imiterere myiza yo gufatanya n’utubuto tw’amabuye y’agaciro, bigatuma biba ikintu cy’ingenzi mu kuzenguruka. Kudashyira umwuka neza bituma habaho utubuto duke cyane, bigabanya amahirwe yo kugongana no gufatanya, bityo bigatuma imikorere yo kuzenguruka igabanuka. Kuzamuka umwuka cyane bitera kuzura cyane, bigatuma utubuto tumeneka kandi tugakuramo uduce dufatanye, bigatuma imikorere igabanuka.
Abahanga bakoresha uburyo nko gukusanya gazi cyangwa gupima umwuka unyuze kuri anemometero kugira ngo batunganye igipimo cy’umwuka uhumeka. Ku duce duto, kongera umwuka uhumeka kugira ngo habeho uduce duto two mu kirere birushaho kunoza imikorere y’amazi. Ku duce duto cyangwa tworoshye kureremba, guhindura witonze bituma amazi areremba neza kandi neza.
(4) Igihe cyo kuzenguruka
Igihe cyo kuzura ni uburinganire buri hagati y’urwego rw’ibice bito n’igipimo cyo kugarura, bisaba gupima neza. Mu ntangiriro, amabuye y’agaciro yifatanya vuba n’udusimba, bigatuma habaho igipimo cyo kugarura ibintu byinshi no kubigabanya.
Uko igihe kigenda gihita, uko amabuye y'agaciro menshi agenda areremba, amabuye y'agaciro ashobora kwiyongera, bigatuma ubuziranenge bw'amabuye y'agaciro bugabanuka. Ku mabuye yoroheje afite amabuye y'agaciro akomeye kandi yoroshye kugenda, igihe gito cyo kugenda kirahagije, bigatuma habaho kuzamuka kwinshi hatabayeho gutakaza urwego rw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ku mabuye y'agaciro akomeye cyangwa adashobora guhindagurika, igihe kirekire cyo kugenda kirakenewe kugira ngo amabuye y'agaciro meza agire igihe gihagije cyo gukorana n'ibinini n'udupira. Guhindura igihe cyo kugenda ni ikimenyetso cy'ikoranabuhanga ry'uburyo bwo kugenda neza kandi bunoze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-22-2025
