Gupima ubucucike n'ubucucike ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora asphalt yahinduwe na polymer: ubucucike butuma habaho gufungana, imbaraga, no kudahangana n'imirongo/ubushuhe, mu gihe ubucucike bugenzura ubushobozi bwo guhumeka, ubushobozi bwo gukora, no kudahinduka kw'imiyoboro. Ibipimo bya inline in the time (urugero: ultrasound density meters, viscosity meters) birinda gutandukana kw'ibyiciro, guterana, no kuziba kw'imiyoboro, kunoza ingano ya polymer/inyongera, kandi bikanatanga icyizere cy'imikorere ihoraho no kuramba kw'umuhanda.
Gusobanukirwa Ihinduka rya Asphalt: Amahame n'Impamvu
Guhindura asphalt bivuga kongera uburyo busanzwe bwo gufata asphalt binyuze mu kongeramo imiti cyangwa physical modifier, cyane cyane polymers. Iyi gahunda ni ingenzi mu buhanga bwo mu muhanda bugezweho, isubiza mu buryo butaziguye ibisabwa kugira ngo imihanda irambe neza, ikomeze gukomera, kandi ikomeze kubaho neza.
Guhindura Asphalt
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Gusobanura Ihinduka rya Asphalt n'Uruhare Rwayo
Mu gihe idahindutse, kaburimbo ikunze guhura n’ibibazo nko gucikamo ibice, gucikamo ibice by’ubushyuhe, no kunanirwa bitewe n’uburyo imodoka zigenda zitwara imizigo n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe. Guhuza inyongeramusaruro zatoranijwe neza bihindura imiterere y’icyuma gifata amazi n’iy’ubushyuhe, bitanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku ihinduka ry’imiterere y’icyuma, gusaza no kwangirika kw’ikirere. Guhindura polymer, by’umwihariko, byabaye inkingi ikomeye mu kongera igihe cyo gukora no gukora kw’umuhanda, bitanga impinduka mu buryo bw’umwimerere mu miterere y’ubutaka no muri laboratwari.
Ubu buryo butuma imihanda minini, imihanda yo mu mijyi, n'ibikorwaremezo biremereye bikomeza gukoreshwa igihe kirekire, bigabanya inshuro n'ikiguzi cyo gusana. Imihanda ivamo ifite ibikoresho byiza byo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi nta nkomyi, n'ubushyuhe buke nta gucika, bigatuma imiyoboro ikora mu bihe bikomeye kandi bitandukanye.
Ihindagurika ry'Imikorere n'Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge mu Musaruro wa Asefuro ya Polymer
Gucunga umutekano mu gihe cyose cy’umusaruro wa asphalt wahinduwe na polymer bisaba kugenzura neza ibintu bitandukanye. Ubwoko bwa polymer n’ingano bigomba guhuzwa n’ibikomoka kuri asphalt binyuze mu gusuzuma neza uburyo ikoreshwa, kuko n’ibidahuye bito bitera gutandukana kw’ibyiciro cyangwa kudahuza kw’ibifunga. Ingano nziza—ikunze kugaragazwa binyuze mu igerageza ry’igerageza—bifasha kugera ku ngingo zo koroshya intego, imbaraga zo gukurura, no kudakora neza, mu gihe polymer nyinshi ishobora kugabanya ubworoherane cyangwa igateza imbogamizi mu gutunganya.
Ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane mu buhanga bwo guhindura asphalt ya polymer. Kuvanga akenshi biba hagati ya 160°C na 185°C, aho gutandukana bigatera polymer gushonga nabi cyangwa kwangirika k'ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gusenya polymer, bigagabanya imikorere y'ibifunga uko igihe kigenda gihita. Kugabanya ubushyuhe bishobora gutera polymer gushonga idahagije no kuba imvange nto. Umuvuduko wo kuvanga ni ingenzi cyane: gutinda cyane birinda gukwirakwira bihagije, mu gihe vuba cyane byongera gukata, kandi, mu buryo butangaje, bishobora gutera gutandukana kw'uduce duto. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kuvanga hagati ya 500–2000 rpm, byakozwe hakurikijwe ingano y'itsinda n'imiterere y'ibivange, bitanga uburinganire bwo kuvanga neza. Igihe cyo kubamo—igihe asphalt na polymer biguma mu buryo bwo guhindagurika—kigomba kunonosorwa; igihe kidahagije gitanga igisubizo kidahagije, mu gihe kurenza urugero bishobora gutera gutandukana kw'ibyiciro mu gihe inyongera zirangiye mu gihe cyo guhagarika.
Mu gukora asphalt yahinduwe na polymer, abakoresha bashobora gupima neza ibikoresho fatizo no guhindura uburyo bwo kubikoresha uko bikenewe kuri buri mvange. Ibi bituma habaho igikorwa cyo gukosora mu gihe nyacyo niba ubwinshi bwa polymer, ubushyuhe, cyangwa imiterere yo kuvanga bitajyanye n'ibyagenwe. Urugero, PMA binder ifite imikorere myiza ku bibuga by'indege ishobora gusaba kugenzura buri kanya ibipimo by'inyongera n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe, hamwe n'ingero nto z'ibizamini zisesenguwe kugira ngo zemeze ko bihuye mbere yuko ingano yose irangira. Imikorere y'ibice byinshi ikora neza cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa byihariye, ingano nto, cyangwa igiciro kinini cya asphalt.
Umusaruro uhoraho, nubwo utanga umusaruro mwinshi, utera imbogamizi mu kunoza uburyo ibintu bihagaze neza. Ibikoresho bipimirwa hakurikijwe ingano, bishobora gutuma habaho ihindagurika ry’ingano ya polymer cyangwa stabilizer iyo sisitemu zo kugaburira zidapimwe neza. Sisitemu zihoraho zishingira ku gupima mu murongo no gutanga ibitekerezo mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo zigumane ubucucike n’ubucucike. Gukoresha ibipimo by’ubucucike bya ultrasonic—nk’ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter—bitanga uburyo buhoraho, bwo kugenzura ubucucike bwa asphalt buhamye, bumenyesha abahanga mu by’imikorere ako kanya ku bijyanye n’ihindagurika rishobora kugaragaza ko itandukaniro ry’ibyiciro, guhindagurika kw’amazi, cyangwa kudahuza kw’ibiryo. Ibipimo by’ubucucike mu murongo byongera kwemeza ko rheology y’ibice biguma mu buryo bugenwa, ari ingenzi cyane mu kubahiriza amahame y’igihugu n’ay’umushinga.
Kugenzura nabi ibipimo by'imikorere bitera ingaruka nyinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo kuvanga buri hasi cyane, polymer zishobora kuguma zidashonga kandi zigaterana, bigatuma habaho icyuma kidakora kimwe kandi kidakora neza. Gukata cyane cyangwa kumara igihe kirekire bishobora gutera gutandukana kw'igice cyangwa bigatera kwangirika, cyane cyane mu bivanze na polypropylene cyangwa polyethylene waste modifiers. Gutandukanya ibice—aho ibice bikungahaye kuri polymer n'ibikungahaye kuri asphalt byitandukanya mu bigega cyangwa mu gihe cyo kubika—bituma habaho ibyiciro bigaragara kandi bigatuma inzira zigenda zihinduka cyane. Gucika kw'ubutaka bibaho iyo ibice bya polymer cyangwa byuzuza bimanuka cyangwa bikareremba bitewe no kudahuza kw'ubucucike, bikongera bigatuma imiterere y'icyuma kidakora neza. Ibi bintu bibangamira imiterere y'icyuma cya asphalt ihita ihinduka, ahubwo binabangamira kuramba kwayo mu gihe kirekire bitewe n'imigendekere y'amazi n'ikirere.
Kubwibyo, kugenzura ubuziranenge bihuza imiterere y’ibikorwa ihamye n’igenzura rikorwa mu buryo bufatika. Uburyo bwo kuvanga asphalt kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kuba myiza bushingiye ku kugumana ibintu byose by’ingenzi mu rugero rwiza mu gihe cyose cy’ibikorwa. Gukoresha ibipimo byizewe byo mu murongo haba mu bucucike no mu buryo bw’ubucucike—cyane cyane gupima ubucucike bwa ultrasonic mu nganda za asphalt zitangwa na Lonnmeter—bifasha mu kugenzura neza imiterere. Iyo hagaragaye ko hari ibitagenda neza, uburyo bugezweho ni ugushyira ahagaragara no guhindura ibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa kugira ngo bikorwe mu buryo bushya aho kubireka bikinjizwa mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, bigashimangira akamaro ko kugenzura ibintu byose no kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bwikora mu mikorere ihoraho.
Amaherezo, imikoranire y'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko wo kuvanga, igihe cyo gutura, n'uburyo bwo gupima neza ibiryo by'inganda bishingira kuri buri gice cyo guhindura asphalt ya polymer. Kudakurikiza iyi gahunda bitera ibibazo kuva ku gutandukana kw'ibice no gushwanyagurika kugeza ku kutumvikana gukomeye kw'ibifunga, kubangamira imikorere y'umuhanda no kugabanya igihe cyo kuwukoresha.
Kugenzura ubucucike n'ubucucike bwa Asphalt: Ibikoresho n'Ubuhanga
Kugenzura neza ubukana bwa asphalt ni ingenzi kugira ngo itunganywe neza, ifatanye neza, kandi ikore neza mu gihe kirekire. Ubukana bugira ingaruka ku buryo asphalt ishobora gutobora—uburyo inyura mu mapompo, imiyoboro, n'ibikoresho byo kuvanga mu gihe cyo gukora asphalt yahinduwe na polymer. Iyo ubukana burenze urugero rwiza, asphalt ishobora kugorana kuyifata, bigatuma ifunga cyangwa igasibanganya neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kugenzura ubukana nabi bishobora gutuma habaho gutandukanya uruvange, ubukana budahagije, no kugabanya kuramba kw'umuhanda.
Ubushyuhe buke bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gukora. Ubushyuhe buke butuma imvange irushaho kuba nziza ariko bushobora kwangiza ubushobozi bw'imvange bwo kugera ku gufungana neza, mu gihe ubushyuhe bwinshi butera gutemba gukomeye no kuvanga kutuzuye. Uburyo bwo guhindura asphalt ya polymer, nko gushyiramo SBS cyangwa PTFE, butuma habaho guhindura ubushyuhe ku buryo bwihariye. Guhitamo neza no gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvanga asphalt kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza bitanga uburinganire hagati y'amazi atemba, ubushyuhe budashira, no kugabanya imikurire. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe biri ku murongo, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, bituma habaho isuzuma ry'igihe nyacyo no kugenzura neza ibitekerezo mu gihe cyo gukora asphalt no gutwara. Ibi bipimo byemerera abakoresha guhindura ubushyuhe n'inyongera mu buryo buhamye, birinda kuziba kwa pompe no kwemeza ko buri gice gikomeza kugira imiterere ihamye mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa.
Kugenzura ubucucike bw'amazi bifite agaciro kanini. Ubucucike bwiza bwa asphalt ni cyo kigena ubwiza bw'ubucucike bw'amazi, imbaraga z'umuhanda, no kuramba. Ubucucike budahagije busiga umwuka mwinshi, bigatuma ubushuhe bwinjira, inzira zigenda, no kunanirwa gucika intege. Ku rundi ruhande, gucucike cyane bishobora kwirukana ibintu byinshi bifunga, bigatera imiterere y'ubutaka icikagurika kandi ishobora kwangirika. Uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura ubucucike bwa asphalt bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihoraho, ritangiza kugira ngo ritange ibitekerezo mu gihe nyacyo. Muri ibyo, icyuma gipima ubucucike bwa asphalt—cyashyizwe mu miyoboro y'umusaruro cyangwa ahantu ho kugenzura—gitanga isuzuma ryihuse ry'ubucucike bw'ibintu binyuze mu gusobanura uburyo amajwi yoherezwa mu ruvange. Ibi bipimo bishyigikira ihinduka ry'ahantu, bigira uruhare mu gucucike kimwe no kugabanya ibyago byo kugira intege nke zijyanye n'ubucucike.
Gupima ubucucike bwa Ultrasonic mu nganda za kaburimbo ni ingenzi cyane mu gukurikirana ibikorwa no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Mu gushyira ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa Ultrasonic bya Lonnmeter ahantu h'ingenzi mu nzira yo kuvanga no kohereza, abakora muri urwo rwego babona imiterere y'ubucucike bw'ibintu, bakamenya ibitagenda neza ako kanya bikimara kugaragara. Ibi bishyigikira ingamba zo kugabanya ubucucike, nko guhindura umuvuduko wo kuvanga cyangwa ibiribwa byose, no kubungabunga ubucucike mu bunini bwose bukorwa.
Ihindagurika ry’ubucucike n’ubucucike bishobora kubangamira umusaruro ndetse no ku buryo inzira igenda ihagarara. Guhindagurika gukomeye mu bucucike—akenshi biterwa n’inyongera zitajyanye cyangwa ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe—bitera irangi ritameze neza ndetse no gufungana ku buryo butari bumwe. Isuzuma ry’uburyo ibikomoka ku bimera bihura n’ibikomoka ku bimera ni ingamba zo gukora; mu kugenzura ko bitumen y’ibanze, polymers, n’ibindi bihindura ibintu bivanga neza, abakora ibintu bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika nk’uko. Gukumira imiyoboro ya asphalt bikoresha sensors zo mu murongo: iyo hagaragaye ukwiyongera k’ubucucike, abakora bashobora kubigiramo uruhare mbere yuko ibikoresho byiyongera cyangwa imiyoboro ifungana, bagakoresha ibisubizo byanditse neza byo kuziba imiyoboro mu gutwara asphalt.
Isuzuma ry’imiterere y’amaraso mu miyoboro y’amaraso ni ryo shingiro rya siyansi ry’imicungire y’imikorere ya asphalt ihamye. Ibizamini nka dynamic shear rheometry ntibipima gusa imyitwarire ya viscoelastic ahubwo binagaragaza uburyo uruvange ruzakira mu gihe cy’umuvuduko w’imikorere n’ubushyuhe. Gusobanukirwa iyi miterere bifitanye isano itaziguye n’ubudahangarwa bw’imikorere— rheology ihamye bigereranya ubukana n’ubucucike buhoraho mu musaruro, gukubana, no gukonjesha. Imiterere ya rheology isobanutse neza bivuze uruvange rumwe, gukubana neza, no kugabanya gutandukanya.
Guhuza ibikoresho byo gupima ubucucike n'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo, cyane cyane ibikoresha tekiniki za ultrasonic n'izikoresha umurongo, binoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa. Guhinduranya amakuru bikozwe mu buryo bw'amakuru—byashobotse hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'inganda nka Lonnmeter—bituma buri gice cyujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo kibone ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi, gukora neza, gukomera no kuramba, bigashyigikira uburyo bwo kunoza uburyo bwo gupima imiterere ya asphalt no kuzamura ubwiza bw'inzira zigezweho.
Kurinda kuziba no kubungabunga inzira y'imiyoboro ya Asphalt
Kuziba kw'imiyoboro ya asphalt, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gukora asphalt yahinduwe na polymer, bituruka ku mikoranire ikomeye ya polymer na asphalt, imiterere y'imikorere ihindagurika, no kudagenzura neza imiterere y'ingenzi. Mu buryo bwo guhindura asphalt ya polymer, ibibazo nko gutandukanya ibice, ingano nyinshi y'ibintu bikomeye, no kwiyongera gutunguranye kwa viscosity bishobora gutera imipaka igice cyangwa yose mu murongo.
Impamvu zikunze gutera kuziba zirimo kudahuza kwa shimi cyangwa imiterere hagati ya asphalt na polymer yatoranijwe. Uruvange rudahuye, cyane cyane uruvange rukoreshwa muri polymer nka PET cyangwa PE, rukunda gutandukana cyangwa rugateranywa, bigatuma habaho ahantu hafite ubukana bwinshi bugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi kandi rugafata uduce duto. Utu duce twinshi twa polymer dushobora kuguma duhagaze mu gihe cyo kuvanga cyane ariko dushobora kwimuka iyo icyuma cyagabanutse cyangwa mu gihe ubushyuhe bwagabanutse, bigatuma habaho uduce twinshi cyangwa gel mu muyoboro. Gushyushya vuba cyangwa kuvanga bidatunganyije birushaho kongera izi ngaruka, akenshi bigatuma uduce twa polymer tudavanze twiyongera ku miyoboro cyangwa ku migozi. Gushonga nabi kwa polymer runaka cyangwa ubwinshi bukabije nabyo bishobora kongera ubukana bw'ubukana mu buryo butunguranye, bigagabanya idirishya ry'umutekano w'imiyoboro.
Ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe ku muyoboro rigira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara mu gace ndetse no ku kudahinduka kw’imikorere. Ahantu hashyushye cyangwa hakonje haboneka—haterwa no gukwirakwira k’ubushyuhe ku buryo butaringaniye cyangwa kunanirwa gushyushya—hakora nk’ahantu ho gukomeretsa cyangwa gutandukanya ibice, bigira ingaruka mbi ku buryo bwo guhindura asphalt ya polymer. Ibi bigaragara cyane cyane mu mirongo miremire cyangwa idashyushye neza, aho n’ubushyuhe buke bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mazi. Uduce tw’amazi agenda buhoro cyangwa adahindagurika dutuma asphaltene na polymer zitaratatana zihagarara, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kw’ibipimo.
Kubungabunga ubucucike bw'aside n'ubucucike buhoraho bisaba gukurikirana witonze kandi uhoraho. Ibikoresho byo mu murongo nka Lonnmeter ultrasonic density meters bitanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku buryo bwo kugenzura ubucucike bw'aside kandi bigakurikirana mu buryo butaziguye ikwirakwira ry'impinduka z'ibyiciro cyangwa polymer aggregation. Hamwe na inline viscosity meters, izi sisitemu zimenya itangira ry'impinduka z'ubucucike mbere yuko urwego rw'ingenzi rwo kuziba rugerwaho, bigatanga umwanya wo guhindura inzira. Guhuza izi meters zidahungabanya ibidukikije bituma hamenyekana hakiri kare ibintu bidahinduka mu buryo bwo kuvanga asphalt, bigashyigikira urujya n'uruza ruhamye haba mu bihe bisanzwe ndetse no mu bihe byahinduwe cyane byo kuvanga asphalt ya polymer.
Gukumira neza bishingiye ku buryo bwo guhuza ibyuma bya asphalt kugira ngo birusheho gukora neza no kudahindagurika kw'amazi. Gusukura mu buryo bw'umurongo biracyari ubwirinzi bw'ingenzi: ibikoresho byo gupima cyangwa ibyuma bya sintered metal filters, byakozwe hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye y'ibivanze n'aho bikorera, bifata ibintu bivanze, ibinini n'ibisigazwa mbere yuko byirundanya mu bice by'imiyoboro bishobora kwangirika. Igenzura rya buri gihe rya filters no gusukura ni ngombwa bitewe n'uko ibintu bikungahaye kuri polymer n'ibintu bikomeye bivangavanga mu bintu bisukura vuba. Sisitemu zo kuyungurura zigomba gushyigikirwa n'ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe. Ndetse no kugabanuka guto munsi y'ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kuvanga bishobora gutera gukomera mu gace runaka, bigatera guhindagurika kw'ibiyungurura byo hasi.
Uburyo bwo gukurura ibintu—kuva ku kuvanga ibintu mu buryo buhoraho kugeza ku gukurura ibintu mu buryo bukabije—bushyigikira gukwirakwira kw’ibintu mu buryo bumwe kandi bukarinda gutuza. Gukurura ibintu mu buryo bukabije mu bigega byombi bivanze n’ibice by’imiyoboro bifasha gutuma polymeri na asphaltene bifite uburemere bwinshi biguma bihagaze, birwanya uburyo bwo gukurura ibintu mu buryo butaziguye n’ibyago byo kwirundanya mu gace runaka. Gukurura ibintu mu buryo buhoraho ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kugabanuka k’umusaruro cyangwa guhagarika ibikorwa.
Gukurikirana mu buryo nyabwo ni ingenzi haba mu gukumira kuziba kw'imiyoboro ya asphalt no kunoza uburyo bwo kuzigama kw'imikoreshereze yayo. Sisitemu zikoresha uburyo bwikora bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, zikoresha gupima ubucucike bwa ultrasonic mu gukora asphalt no mu gukora viscometry, zoroshya guhindura uburyo bwo gushyushya, kuvanga, no gukoresha pompe bitewe n'imiterere y'imvange ihinduka. Izi ngamba zo kugenzura zigabanya amakosa y'abantu kandi zigahindura imiterere y'imikoreshereze kugira ngo zikumire kuziba kw'imiyoboro, ndetse n'uko imiterere y'ibiryo cyangwa imiterere y'ibidukikije ihinduka.
Uruhare rwo kugenzura ibikorwa rukomeza kwiyongera ku bikoresho bigezweho byo kugenzura—nk'ingurube z'imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa imashini zipima imiterere y'imbere mu miyoboro. Ibi bikoresho bigaragaza ubugari bw'inkuta cyangwa inzitizi zirimo kubaho, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo kwirinda mbere y'uko inzitizi zitera ihagarara ry'imikorere.
Muri make, gukumira inzitizi mu miyoboro ya kaburimbo yahinduwe bisaba uburyo burambuye: uburyo bwo kuvanga bugenzurwa, uburyo bukomeye bwo gukurura no kuyungurura, gucunga neza ubushyuhe, kandi ikirenze byose, kugenzura ubucucike n'ubucucike buri gihe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka Lonnmeter ultrasonic density meters. Izi ngamba hamwe zituma habaho gutwara ibintu nta ngorane, gukora neza, no kunoza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa mu buryo buhoraho mu byiciro bishya bya kaburimbo ya polymer igezweho n'iy'imvange ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoreshwa.
Kuramba no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu guhindura Asphalt
Guhuza polimeri zasubiwemo, cyane cyane polyethylene tereftalat (PET) na polyethylene (PE), byabaye ingenzi mu guteza imbere iterambere mu gutunganya asphalt yahinduwe na polimeri. Izi plastike zasubiwemo, zikomoka ku myanda yakoreshejwe nyuma yo gukoreshwa cyangwa imyanda yo mu nganda, zikoreshwa binyuze mu buryo bwa polimeri bunoze bwo guhindura asphalt nk'uburyo bwo kuvanga bumaze igihe kandi butose. Uburyo bwombi buhuye n'amahame y'ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga binyuze mu kuyobya plastike mu myanda no kuyishyira mu bikorwa remezo by'umuhanda birambye.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko PET na PE byongeye gukoreshwa bitagabanya gusa gukenerwa kw'ibikoresho fatizo ahubwo binatuma imiterere ya mashini zivanze na asphalt irushaho kuba myiza. Asphalt yahinduwe na PET yongera imbaraga zo gukurura, kurwanya gucikagurika, no kuramba igihe kirekire, mu gihe PE yongera ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika no kongera imbaraga zo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ubufatanye hagati ya PET na PE butuma habaho guhindura imikorere ya mashini—urugero, uruvange rwa 6% PE na 2% PET byagaragaye ko bifasha mu kunoza imbaraga zo gukanda no guhagarara neza muri rusange.
Gushyiramo izi polymeri bigira ingaruka ku bipimo by'ingenzi: ubucucike, ubucucike, n'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gifunga asphalt. Hamwe na PE cyangwa PET yasubiwemo, ubucucike bw'icyuma gifunga asphalt bukunze kwiyongera, bigatuma inzira zihagarara neza, cyane cyane iyo hari ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko, polymeri nyinshi ishobora gutuma ubucucike bukabije, bikabangamira gukora neza mu gihe cyo kuvanga asphalt no kubaka pavement. Ibi bigaragaza ko hakenewe kugenzura neza ingano y'ibipimo, gusuzuma neza uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuvanga asphalt, no kunoza uburyo bwo kuvanga asphalt kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kuba myiza.
Impinduka mu bucucike nazo zijyana no kongeramo polymer. Uko polymer zikorana muri bituminous matrix, hari ingaruka zigereranywa ku bucucike—ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo imvange ihuzwa neza n'ibipimo by'ubwinshi bw'ibintu. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibintu hakoreshejwe ultrasonic density meters, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, butanga igenzura ryimbitse kugira ngo hakomeze kubakwa intego zigenwa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kunoza uburyo bwo guhagarara kw'ibintu hakoreshejwe ultrasonic akenshi bishingiye ku gupima ubucucike bw'ibintu hakoreshejwe ultrasound mu gihe nyacyo mu nganda za plastike kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hakosorwe ihinduka ry'ibintu, bigashyigikira ubuziranenge buhoraho mu gihe hakoreshwa ibintu byasubiwemo. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko impinduka z'ubucucike n'ubucucike bigomba gucungwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bidahagije cyangwa ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibintu mu bwana.
Isuzuma rya tekiniki rya asphalt yahinduwe na polymer rihora rigaragaza iterambere mu gutuza kwa Marshall, kurwanya uduce tw’amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukurikirana amapine bwa Hamburg, ndetse n’igihe cy’umunaniro. Amakuru ya laboratwari yemeza ko uruvange rwa PET na PE rwapimwe neza ruruta urw’ubugenzuzi busanzwe mu bizamini by’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubukonje, aho PET igira uruhare mu gutuza kw’imiti no kurwanya gusaza. Ikigaragara ni uko asphalt nk’izo zahinduwe zongerera igihe cyo gukora akazi ku kigero cya 14-65% ugereranije n’inzira gakondo, ibyo bikaba bitinza ibikorwa bihenze kandi bikoresha karubone nyinshi.
Inyungu ku bidukikije zifite ibyiciro byinshi. Gukoresha polymer zisubiwemo bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere—atari ukugabanya gusa gucukura ibikoresho bidafite aho bihuriye n’ubutaka ahubwo no mu gihe kirekire cyo kuvugurura inzira no kugabanya igihe cyo kuvugurura. Isuzuma ry’ubuzima rigaragaza ko ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zose n’ibikomoka kuri karuboni bigabanuka cyane, cyane cyane iyo imyanda yo mu gace itanga ibiribwa bihindura imiterere y’ubutaka. Ku baturage, ibi bituma umutwaro w’imyanda ugabanuka kandi imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikagabanuka kuri kilometero imwe y’umuhanda wubatswe cyangwa wavuguruwe.
Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge (QA) rikomeje kuba ingenzi cyane, kuko itandukaniro ry’imikorere rishobora guterwa n’ibintu bidahuye bya pulasitiki byasubiwemo cyangwa kuvanga neza. Amabwiriza ya QA agezweho ubu arimo ibizamini bya rheological (urugero, Rolling Thin Film Oven Test yo gupima gusaza, dynamic shear rheometry yo gupima ubukana n’ubukonje) n’isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ibintu (Marshall stability, input, ductility, and softening point). Gusa binyuze muri QA ikomeye, ishyigikiwe n’igenzura ry’imikorere y’ibarurishamibare n’ibikoresho bikomeye byo gupima aho hantu—harimo ubucucike bw’umurongo n’ibipimo by’ubukana bivuye muri Lonnmeter—abakora bashobora kwemeza ko ibintu bingana kandi bigakora neza igihe kirekire. Izi ntambwe za QA zihoraho ni ingenzi mu kunoza uburyo bwo gupima uburyo bwa asphalt buhamye no gukumira ibisubizo byo kuziba imiyoboro mu gutwara asphalt cyangwa mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha.
Muri rusange, gukoresha neza PET na PE byasubiwemo mu guhindura kaburimbo bigaragaza inzira ifatika kandi ifite ingaruka nziza iganisha ku bikorwa remezo by’imihanda birambye. Kugera ku ntego ebyiri zo kunoza imikorere ya mekanike n’inyungu zigaragara ku bidukikije bigaragaza ko iterambere rikomeje kugera ku musaruro w’akaburimbo katoroshye kandi gafite agaciro kanini kandi gafite polymer.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Intego yo guhindura kaburimbo mu buhanga bwo mu muhanda ni iyihe?
Guhindura asphalt bigamije kunoza imiterere y'ibifunga kugira ngo bikemure ibibazo byinshi by'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu bagezweho ndetse n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije bikomeye. Mu gushyiramo ibikoresho nk'ibinyabutabire, pulasitiki ishobora kongera imbaraga mu mikorere y'ibicanwa, umunaniro, no gucika kw'ubushyuhe. Urugero, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yongera imbaraga zo gukurura no kudacika intege mu bushyuhe, mu gihe asphalt yongerera imbaraga zo koroha no kongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'umuhanda. Ubu buryo bushyigikira kuramba kw'umuhanda kandi bugagabanya gukenera kwitabwaho kenshi. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo guhindura asphalt ya polymer bufasha kugera ku ntego zo gukomeza ibidukikije binyuze mu gushyiramo ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kunoza imikorere y'inyubako mu gihe cy'imihangayiko.
Ni gute kuvanga asphalt bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'umuhanda wa nyuma?
Kuvanga, byaba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvanga bwa asphalt bwasubiwemo (RAP) cyangwa guhuza ibifunga by’imbere n’ibishaje, bigena imikorere y’umuhanda. Kuvanga neza bituma habaho uruvange rumwe, rugira ingaruka ku bucucike, ubucucike, ubushobozi bwo gukora, n’imbaraga za mekanike. Kuvanga bidahagije bishobora gutuma ibice bidakora neza, kugabanya imbaraga zo guhangana n’umunaniro, no kuramba guhindagurika. Urugero, kuvanga igice kimwe na RAP bishobora kugabanya ingano y’ibifunga, bigatera guturika cyangwa kugabanuka k’ubudahangarwa bw’imirongo. Kuvanga neza bigerwaho binyuze mu buryo bwiza bwo kuvanga asphalt kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kuba myiza, bigatuma polymer n’ibindi bivange bikwirakwira neza muri matrix y’ibifunga kugira ngo bigire imbaraga kandi bibe bimwe.
Gukora asphalt yahinduwe na polymer ni iki kandi kuki kugenzura ubuziranenge ari ngombwa?
Umusaruro wa asphalt wahinduwe na polymer ushyiramo polymer zikoze mu byuma bifatanya na asphalt kugira ngo wongere imiterere nko kudakomera, koroherana, no kudahindagurika kw'ubushyuhe. Ingufu z'iki gikorwa ziterwa n'ibipimo byo kuvanga bigenzurwa neza, igihe cyo kuvanga, n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe. Kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ingenzi cyane—gukurikirana ibipimo nk'ubucucike n'ubucucike binyuze mu bipimo biri hagati y'imirongo bituma polymer zikwirakwira neza, bikarinda gutandukana kw'ibyiciro, kandi bigatuma umusaruro wongera kuboneka kandi ufite ireme. Hatabayeho kwemeza ubuziranenge cyane, tekiniki zo guhindura asphalt ya polymer zishobora gutuma imikorere idahwitse yo guhuza ibyiciro no kugabanya igihe cyo kumara kw'imihanda.
Kuki kugenzura ubucucike bwa asphalt ari ingenzi kandi bigerwaho bite?
Kugumana ubucucike bukwiye bwa asphalt ni ingenzi kugira ngo inzira irambe. Asphalt idakomeye neza ishobora kwangirika vuba, kwangirika no kugabanuka k'ubuzima bwayo. Ikoranabuhanga nka ultrasound density metres ritanga ibipimo nyabyo kandi byihuse, bigatuma habaho impinduka zihuse mu gihe cyo gukora. Ubu buryo budasenya buhujwe n'uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura ubucucike bwa asphalt, buha abakora akazi amakuru akenewe kugira ngo bakomeze kugira ubuziranenge n'ubucucike buhamye, bihuye n'amahame akomeye y'inganda. Urugero, ibyuma bya Lonnmeter by'ubucucike bitanga ibipimo bikomeye bya ultrasound density mu mikorere y'inganda za asphalt, bitanga ubumenyi bushoboka mu masegonda make.
Ni iki gitera kuziba kw'imiyoboro ya kaburimbo kandi ni gute byakwirindwa?
Gufunga bituruka ku kwiyongera gutunguranye kwa viscosity, uburinganire budahamye bw'ibiryo, cyangwa kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bigatera asphaltene na wax gushyira mu miyoboro. Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu buvanze nabi cyangwa ubushyuhe budahagije nabyo byongera ibyago. Kwirinda bitangirira ku bushyuhe buhamye, uburyo bwizewe bwo kuvanga, no kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo hakoreshejwe metero zipima ubucucike. Gusuzuma buri gihe ibikoresho n'uburyo bwiza bwo gukingira bigabanya ahantu hashyuha cyane cyangwa ahantu hakonje. Urugero, kugenzura uburyo bwo kugenzura viscosity ya asphalt mu gihe nyacyo bifasha guhindura hakiri kare, bigabanye amahirwe yo kuziba imiyoboro no gukomeza inzira nziza zo kunyuramo - ingenzi mu gukumira kuziba imiyoboro ya asphalt muri iki gihe.
Ni gute guhuza imikorere y'ibiryo bigira ingaruka ku kudahungabana kw'imikorere mu ihinduka rya asphalt?
Ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibiryo n'ibiryo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu burusheho gukomera. Igikoresho gihuza ibintu n'ibiryo gikorana neza na polimeri cyangwa inyongeramusaruro, bityo bigabanye uburyo bwo kuvanga ibintu bimwe kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo gutandukana kw'ibiryo. Ibiryo bidahuye bishobora gutanga ubusumbane butaringaniye, ubukana bwinshi bw'ibiryo, ndetse n'ibyago byo kuziba cyangwa imiterere y'ibiryo idahuye. Isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibiryo n'ibiryo rikorwa binyuze mu isesengura rya rheological na molekile kugira ngo harebwe ubushobozi bwo gukorana. Iyi ntambwe ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora asphalt yahinduwe na polimeri kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'umuhanda mu gihe kirekire kandi ko umusaruro wizewe.
Ni uruhe ruhare rw'ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa ultrasound mu gutunganya asphalt?
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa Ultrasonic ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora asphalt mu gupima ubucucike buri hagati. Ibi bikoresho bisohora impumuro za ultrasound mu mugezi wa asphalt kandi bikabara ubucucike bushingiye ku muvuduko wo gukwirakwira kw'imiraba, bifitanye isano no gukubana kw'ibikoresho n'ubucucike. Uburyo bitanga mu gihe nyacyo butuma habaho kugenzura neza ubucucike bwa asphalt, bigafasha ababikora kubona ibitagenda neza ako kanya. Guhuza ibyo bipimo, harimo n'ibyavuye muri Lonnmeter, binoza ubwiza bw'ibipimo, bigabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho, kandi byongera kubahiriza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubucucike bwa asphalt. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa Ultrasonic mu gutunganya asphalt ni igisubizo cyagaragaye cyo kwemeza imikorere myiza ikenewe mu nganda zo mu muhanda muri iki gihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 16-2025
