Itsindauburyo bwo gusiga ibara ry'uruhuihindura uruhu rw'inyamaswa rudakomeye kandi rworoshye, ubukorikori bwatunganyijwe mu binyejana byinshi ariko bukomeza gutera imbere hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ni ingenzi muri iyi gahunda, cyane cyane mu buryo bwakoreshejwe cyaneUburyo bwo gusiga uruhu rwa chromium, ni uburyo nyabwo bwo gucunga ibipimo bya shimi, nkosodium sulfate, kugira ngo harebwe ko uruhu rufite ubuziranenge buhanitse kandi ko rukurikiza ibidukikije. Gutandukana n'ubu bwoko bw'ibipimo bishobora kwangiza imiterere y'uruhu no kongera ikiguzi cy'umusaruro, mu gihe uburyo gakondo bwo gukurikirana akenshi budashobora gukemura ibibazo by'ibikoresho byangiza uruhu n'ibikenewe mu gihe nyacyo. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma uruhare rw'ingenzi rwaingano ya sodium sulfatemu gushushanya chrome, imiterere y’imikorere, imbogamizi zo kugenzura bisanzwe, hamwe n’inyungu zihindura imiterere y’ibipimo by’ubuziranenge bya inline, nka Lonnmeter, mu kugera ku buziranenge no gukora neza.
Ubwinshi bwa Chrome: Ibuye ry'ifatizo ry'ubwiza bw'uruhu
Chromium, cyane cyane mu buryo bwa chromium sulfate (BCS), ni inkingi ikomeye mu gutunganya uruhu rwa none, igizwe na 80-90% by'umusaruro w'uruhu ku isi yose bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora uruhu rufite ubushobozi bwo kudahindagurika cyane mu bushyuhe, ubworoherane, n'imiterere yarwo yo gusiga irangi. Ubucucike bwa chromium mu nzoga zitunganya uruhu bugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw'uruhu (Ts), imbaraga zo gukurura, no koroha. Urugero, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kwiyongera kwa 10.8% mu ruhu bishobora kongera ikwirakwizwa rya collagen fibre n'imiterere ya mekanike. Ariko, ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho chromium bushingiye ku bintu bifasha, cyane cyanesodium sulfate, bitera pH y'amazi yo mu bwogero bw'izuba kandi bigafasha mu kwinjira kwa chromium.ingano ya sodium sulfatebishobora guhungabanya ubu buringanire bworoshye, bigatera ibara ry’uruhu ritari ryiza, chromium idakwirakwira neza, ndetse n’ubwiza bw’uruhu buragabanuka. Bityo rero, kugumana ingano nziza y’uruhu si itegeko rya tekiniki gusa, ahubwo ni ingenzi mu gutuma umusaruro wa nyuma uramba kandi ukagira ubwiza buhebuje.
ItsindaUburyo bwo gusiga ibara ry'uruhu
Itsindauburyo bwo gusiga ibara ry'uruhuni urukurikirane rw'intambwe zigoye za shimi n'iz'ikoranabuhanga zigamije guhindura uruhu rubora rugahinduka uruhu ruhamye kandi rufite imiterere itandukanye. Bitangirira ku bikorwa byo kubika uruhu mu nzu—gukosora, kuroba, gukuraho ishinge, gukuraho ubwoya, gukuraho ishinge, gukurura no gusiga ishinge—gutegura uruhu kugira ngo ruhindurwe ishinge binyuze mu gukuraho umusatsi, ibinure na poroteyine mu gihe uhindura pH yarwo. Icyiciro cyo gusiga ishinge gikurikiraho, aho imiyoboro ya collagen y'uruhu ihindurwamo imiti kugira ngo yongere kuramba no kurwanya kubora. Imikorere yo gusiga ishinge nyuma yo gusiga ishinge, harimo kongera gusiga ishinge, gusiga irangi, no gusiga ishinge, inonosora imiterere y'uruhu n'imiterere yarwo. Mu buryo bwo gusiga ishinge,Uburyo bwo gusiga uruhu rwa chromiumIrakomeye kubera umuvuduko wayo n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora uruhu rworoshye kandi rufite ireme rikwiriye gukoreshwa nko mu masakoshi, imyenda, n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu.
Incamake y'ibiUburyo bwo gusiga ibara ry'uruhu rwa Chromium
ItsindaUburyo bwo gusiga uruhu rwa chromiumni uburyo bworoshye kandi bunoze busanzwe burangiza gukora ibara ry'uruhu mu gihe kiri munsi y'umunsi umwe, bitandukanye cyane n'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi asabwa mu gukora ibara ry'imboga. Bukubiyemo intambwe nyinshi z'ingenzi:
- Kuroba no Gushyiramo Lime: Uruhu rwinjizwa mu mazi kugira ngo rwongere runywe amazi kandi rukure umunyu mu mubiri, hanyuma hagakurikiraho gusigwa limu na calcium hydroxide na sodium sulfide kugira ngo umusatsi woroherwe kandi hategurwe collagen matrix.
- Guteka ibiryo: Uruhu rwinjizwa mu gisubizo cya aside kirimo sodium chloride (uburemere bwa 6-8%) na aside sulfurike cyangwa formike kugira ngo pH igabanye kugeza kuri 2.5-3.0, birinda kolajeni kubyimba kwa aside kandi byorohereza chromium kwinjira.
- Gusukura uruhu: Ifu ya chromium sulfate (6-8% ukurikije uburemere bw'igishishwa, irimo ~25% Cr₂O₃) irashyirwamo, yinjira mu ruhu kugira ngo hakorwe imiterere irimo kolajeni. Hanyuma pH izamuka ikagera kuri 3.8-4.0 hakoreshejwe sodium bicarbonate mu ntambwe yo gutandukanya kugira ngo irusheho gutera imbere, bigatuma uruhu "rutose" rurangwa n'ibara ryarwo ry'umukara n'ubururu.
- Nyuma yo Gushyira Ibara ry'IzubaGusiga irangi, gusiga irangi, no gusiga amavuta yongera imiterere y'uruhu, hamwesodium sulfatebikagira uruhare runini mu gushimangira ibisubizo no gufasha mu gushyiraho ibikoresho byo mu ruhu.
Sodiyumu Sulfatemu kuvura nyuma yo gushya kw'ibara ry'uruhu
Sodiyumu sulfateni ingenzi mu gusukura uruhu nyuma yo kurusiga, cyane cyane mu gukuraho umunyu no kugabanya uruhu, kugira ngo uruhu ruhore rufite ireme kandi rukurikize ibidukikije.
- Uburyo bwo Gukuraho Umunyu: Umunyu mwinshi uva mu gusya, cyane cyane sodium chloride, bigira uruhare mu kwiyongera kw'ibintu byose byashongeshejwe (TDS) mu myanda, bigatera ibibazo ku bidukikije.Sodiyumu sulfateikoreshwa mu gukuraho umunyu kugira ngo igabanye urugero rwa chloride, igasimbuza 80% bya sodium chloride mu buryo bumwe na bumwe. Uku gusimbuza bigabanya TDS, aho ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko igabanuka rya 97% mu buryo bwo gukaranga ibidukikije, bigabanyiriza umunyu w'amazi mabi asohoka mu miyoboro rusange y'amazi.
- Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Agent Tanning:Sodiyumu sulfateItuza pH y'ubwogero bw'ibara ry'uruhu kandi yongera uburyo chromium yinjiramo binyuze mu kugabanya uburyo collagen na chromium complexes zikora. Irinda ko ubuso buhinduka vuba cyane, bigatuma habaho kwinjira mu buryo bumwe. Urugero, kubungabunga uburyo buhorahoingano ya sodium sulfateishobora kongera uburyo chrome ifata ku kigero cya 28.5%, ikagabanya chromium isigaye mu myanda kuva kuri 2000-5000 mg/L ikagera munsi ya 300 mg/L, ikurikije amategeko akaze agenga ibidukikije.
Ingaruka zo kunyuranya kw'ibipimo ku mikorere n'ubwiza
Gutandukana muingano ya sodium sulfatebishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuriuburyo bwo gusiga ibara ry'uruhun'umusaruro uvamo. Kurushaho gucunda cyane bishobora gutuma habaho umunyu mwinshi, bigatera kubyimba kwa kolajeni, ibinyampeke bikomeye, no kugabanuka koroshye, mu gihe kutagira ingano ihagije bishobora gutuma chromium idafata neza, bigatuma uruhu ruhinduka nk'urutaringaniye kandi uruhu rugakomera. Uko kutumvikana kongera igipimo cyo kugabanuka—inyigo zigaragaza ko izamuka kuva kuri 1.3% kugeza kuri 5.2% iyo umunyu udacunzwe neza—kandi bikazamura urugero rwa chromium y'imyanda, bigateza imbere ihumana ry'ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, TDS nyinshi ituruka ku gusukura amazi nabi igabanya uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye, ikongera ikiguzi cy'imikorere.kugenzura ubwinshi bw'umuti uva mu ruhubityo ni ngombwa kugira ngo uruhu rukomeze kuba rwiza kandi rukurikize amahame ngenderwaho y’ibidukikije, nk'urugero rw'umubare ntarengwa wa 20 mg/L wa chromium ku isukurwa ry'imyanda.
Imbogamizi muriGukurikirana uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'umuti ushyushye
Gukurikiranaingano ya sodium sulfatemuriUburyo bwo gusiga uruhu rwa chromiumitera imbogamizi zikomeye bitewe n'imimerere mibi n'imbogamizi z'uburyo gakondo.
- Ingaruka mbi mu gupima gakondoUburyo busanzwe, nko gusesengura intera cyangwa isesengura rya gravimetric, butwara igihe kinini, butwara igihe kinini, kandi bushobora kwibasirwa n'abantu. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha interineti busaba ingero n'isesengura rya laboratwari, gutinza ivugurura ry'imikorere no gushyira mu kaga ihinduka ry'ubuziranenge.
- Itangazamakuru ryangiza: Inzoga zo mu bwoko bwa "tanning", zifite pH iri hasi (2.5-4.0) n'ubwinshi bwa aside, umunyu, na chromium, zirangiza cyane, zangiza ibyuma bisanzwe kandi bisaba kubungabungwa cyangwa gusimburwa kenshi.
- Ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho igenzura rihoraho: Imiterere y'ibara ry'umuhondo isaba amakuru agezweho kugira ngo hakosorwe vuba ibikomoka ku binyabutabire. Gufata ingero z'ibinyabutabire mu matsinda ntibishobora gufata impinduka zihuse muriingano ya sodium sulfate, biganisha ku gushya kw'ibara ry'uruhu ku buryo budasobanutse no kwiyongera kw'imyanda.
- Gupima no Gukoresha neza: Ibikoresho gakondo bikunze kugorwa no gupima mu gihe hari iyoni nyinshi, bigatuma habaho imiterere idahwitse no kugenzura inzira zidakwiye.
- Iyubahirizwa ry'ibidukikije: Amabwiriza akaze, nk'ayagabanya TDS na chromium mu myanda, asaba gukurikiranwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe amande ahenze kandi habeho imikorere irambye.
Igipimo cy'icyitegererezo cya Lonnmeter gihanitse
LonnmeterIgipimo cy'ibipimo by'imitibigaragaza iterambere rikomeye murikugenzura ubwinshi bw'umuti uva mu ruhu, yagenewe gukemura ibibazo by’ibikoresho byangiza no gukurikirana buri gihe. Iki gikoresho kigezweho gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryo gupima, rirwanya aside n’umunyu, kugira ngo gipime neza kandi mu buryo nyabwoingano ya sodium sulfateBitandukanye n'uburyo gakondo, Lonnmeter yinjiza mu ngoma zo gushushanya, itanga amakuru ahoraho nta gukenera gupimwa n'intoki. Ibyuma byayo bipima neza bitanga ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza, ndetse no mu nzoga zikomeye, mu gihe imiterere yayo irambye igabanya kubungabunga, ikagabanya igihe cyo gukora n'ikiguzi. Mu kugenzura neza imikorere y'ibinyabutabire, Lonnmeter yongera uburyo bwo kwinjiza chromium, ikagabanya imyanda ihumanya, kandi igashyigikira kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y'ibidukikije.
Ibyiza byo gupima ubwinshi bw'ibipimo
Gukoresha ibikoresho nka Lonnmeter mu gupima ubunini bw'ibipimouburyo bwo gusiga ibara ry'uruhubinyuze mu gutanga:
- Kongera imikorere myiza mu mikorere: Gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse bitanga impinduka zihuse, kugabanya imyanda ya shimi no kunoza igihe cyo gutwikira. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko sisitemu zo mu murongo zishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gutwikira kugeza kuri kimwe cya gatatu mu gihe zinoza uburyo chrome ifata ku kigero cya 13.8-28.5%.
- Ubwiza bw'uruhu burushijeho kuba bwiza: Ihorahoingano ya sodium sulfatebituma chromium yinjira neza, yongera imbaraga zo gukurura uruhu, kudacika kw'amarira no koroha, hamwe n'igipimo cyo kugabanuka kiri hasi kuri 1.3%.
- Kubungabunga ibidukikije: Mu kugabanya chromium na TDS bisigaye mu myanda, kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bw'umurongo bifasha mu gusiga ibara ry'uruhu ritangiza ibidukikije, bigabanura BOD, COD, na TDS kugeza kuri 88%, 89%, na 97%, uko bikurikirana, mu nzira zigezweho.
- Kuzigama Ikiguzi: Kugabanuka kw'ikoreshwa ry'imiti, kugabanuka kw'ikiguzi cyo gutunganya imyanda, no kugabanuka kw'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga byongera inyungu mu mikorere.
- Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko: Igenzura ryimbitse rijyanye n'amabwiriza akaze agenga ibidukikije, hirindwa ibihano kandi bigashyigikira imikorere irambye y'uruhu.
- Gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru: Amakuru ahoraho atuma habaho kubungabunga no kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho, bikongera imikorere y’ubukorikori muri rusange.
Ku nganda zikora impu zishaka kuzamuraUburyo bwo gusiga uruhu rwa chromium, Lonnmeter Concentration Meter itanga igisubizo cyagaragaye cyo kumenya nezaingano ya sodium sulfatekugenzura. Twandikire uyu munsi kugira ngo usabe ikiguzi (RFQ) cya Lonnmeter kandi umenye uburyo gupima ubunini bw'uruhu mu buryo burambuye bishobora guhindura ibikorwa byawe byo gusiga ibara ry'uruhu. Jya ku isonga mu gukora uruhu mu buryo burambye hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ritanga umusaruro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-01-2025
