Gupima ubucucike buhoraho bitanga amakuru agezweho kandi afite ishingiro ku bucucike bw'amazi mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon. Ubu buryo ni ingenzi cyane mu gutunganya peteroli mu buryo bugezweho, aho gupima kuri interineti bitanga ireme n'ubushobozi mu bikorwa nko kuvanga, gutandukanya no gusohora umwuka. Uko abatunganya baharanira ko ibicuruzwa bisobanurwa neza kandi bigahinduka, gukurikirana ubucucike mu buryo burambye byabaye ihame rishyigikira igenzura ry'imikorere n'umutekano.
Gupima ubucucike buhoraho ni ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa by'ingenzi byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Mu buryo bwo kuvanga, cyane cyane bigira uruhare mu buhanga bwo kunoza uburyo bwo kuvanga hifashishijwe hydrocarbon, amakuru y'ubucucike atuma habaho ibicuruzwa bya nyuma bya on-spec binyuze mu kwemerera guhindura buri gihe ibipimo by'ibice. Gusoma ubucucike budakwiye bishobora gutuma habaho kongera kuvanga bihenze, kugabanya ingano y'ibicuruzwa, cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa bitari ibya spec. Gutunganya ibikomoka ku bimera mu buryo bwo gutunganya amavuta no gukoresha vacuum cleaner bishingiye cyane ku miterere y'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo hamenyekane aho ibicuruzwa bicibwa no kongera umusaruro. Urugero, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya ibikomoka ku bimera rikoresha metero zipima ubucucike mu murongo kugira ngo rikurikirane ibice bitandukanye, rikemeza ko urumuri n'inkombe ziremereye bizakira neza kandi nta kwanduza cyane hagati y'imigezi.
Uruganda rutunganya peteroli
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Gupima ubucucike kandi binoza inzira zo gutandukanya no gusohora umwuka. Mu buryo bwo gukata amazi (FCC) no mu buryo bwo gukata amazi, ubumenyi buhoraho ku bucucike butuma abakora ibikorwa bashobora kugenzura ibipimo by'imikorere nk'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'igipimo cy'ibiryo. Uku gukwirakwira kw'amakuru buri gihe byongera imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho binyuze mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu no gukumira ibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mu nganda mu gutunganya ibikoresho bushingiye ku kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibikoresho kugira ngo hagerwe ku gukuraho neza ibintu bihindagurika, ingenzi cyane ku mutekano no ku mikorere myiza mu bikorwa nko mu gihe cyo gukata amazi atinze.
Ibisabwa byihariye mu gupima hydrocarbon y'amazi mu nganda zigezweho zo gutunganya ibyuma ni ingenzi. Inyinshi muri zo zikora munsi y'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatera amakosa yo gupima bitewe n'ibyuka, ihinduka ry'icyiciro, cyangwa ihumana. Hakenewe igishushanyo mbonera gikomeye kandi kirambye cy'ubucucike—nk'icyakozwe na Lonnmeter—kihangana n'ibihe bikomeye bidasubiramo cyangwa ngo gihindurwe kenshi. Byongeye kandi, kwimura ububiko bw'ibikoresho mu gutunganya hydrocarbon bishyira uburemere bwemewe n'amategeko n'ubucuruzi ku bipimo by'ubucucike: ukuri ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo kwimura ububiko bw'ibikoresho, kuko n'ibitagenda neza bigira ingaruka ku itangwa ry'inyemezabuguzi, imisoro, no kubahiriza amasezerano. Uburyo bwo gupima ububiko bw'ibikoresho bukwiye bugomba gukemura ibibazo by'imyuka n'amazi menshi akoreshwa mu byiciro bitandukanye kugira ngo hamenyekane ko agaciro k'ibikoresho byatanzwe gakwiye.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima aho amazi anyura ni ingenzi mu mikorere yo gutandukanya hydrocarbon no kuvugurura imikorere y’ibice. Ibikoresho byo gupima aho amazi anyura, akenshi bihuzwa n’ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’imirongo, bigaragaza imbibi z’icyiciro kandi bikarinda kuvanga imigezi y’urumuri n’iy’ibiremereye—ni ingenzi mu gutuma amazi anyura mu buryo bwiza kandi agakora neza. Aho amazi anyura mu bigega cyangwa mu miyoboro hagomba kumenyekana no kugenzurwa vuba kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa cyangwa gutakaza umusaruro.
Inzitizi zigezweho mu nganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku bimera—imbonerahamwe y’ibicuruzwa bigoye, impinduka zikunze kubaho, no kugenzura ibidukikije cyane—bishimangira ko hakenewe gupima ubucucike buhoraho mu miyoboro ya peteroli na gazi. Imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga iriho ubu ikoresha ibikoresho bigezweho kugira ngo imikorere idahinduka, aho metero zikoreshwa mu buryo burambuye ziguma ari ingenzi mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’ibikomoka ku bimera no kunguka. Hatabayeho gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo, ibyago byo kwangirika kw’ibikomoka ku bimera, umutekano, cyangwa kutubahiriza amategeko biriyongera cyane, bigaragaza uruhare rw’ingenzi rw’ibipimo mu gice cyo gupima ibikomoka ku bimera binyuze mu kuvanga hydrocarbon.
Gukomeza gukoresha ubu buryo bisaba ibisubizo bitanga ubuziranenge buhoraho, kwihanganira imiterere mibi, no kwinjira mu buryo buboneye mu nyubako zisanzwe. Uku guhuza ibikorwa, ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima, no kugenzura imikorere niho ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi bishingira imikorere ihanitse y'inganda zitunganya hydrocarbon muri iki gihe.
Guhuza uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho mu bice byo kuvugurura
Gutunganya umwuka mu kirere no mu byuma bivamo umwuka
Gupima ubucucike buhoraho ni ingenzi mu mikorere yo gusya peteroli mu kirere no mu buryo bwo kuyisukura. Gukurikirana ubucucike bw'amazi mu buryo nyabwo bituma abakora peteroli batandukanya peteroli mo ibice bitandukanye bya hydrocarbon mu buryo bunonosoye cyane. Ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongo, nk'ibyo muri Lonnmeter, bitanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku miyoboro y'amazi, bigatuma habaho kugenzura neza imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'ubwiza bw'ibivangwa.
Ibice by'ibimera bibi mu gusya mu kirere—harimo nafta, peteroli, na mazutu—bifite imiterere yihariye y'ubucucike. Gusoma ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo byemeza ko ibice byujuje ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza hydrocarbon. Mu gusya mu cyuma gishyushya, gupima ubucucike buri gihe ni ingenzi mu gucunga ibice bikomeye bishyuha cyane. Imiterere y'ibisigazwa by'ibimera bishyushya cyane ituma gupima neza bigorana hakoreshejwe uburyo gakondo bwo gukoresha interineti, akenshi buterwa no kudahuza neza no gutinda gusubiza.
Gukoresha tekiniki zigezweho, nko gushonga toluene (toluene), byahinduye isesengura ry’ubucucike bw’ibice biremereye n’ibitonyanga. Mu gushonga ibisigazwa mbere yo gupimwa, ababikora bagera ku buryo bwo gusubiramo no kwizerwa, bikuraho amakosa aterwa no gufata ingero n’ingaruka z’ubucucike. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bushakashatsi bwerekana iterambere rikomeye mu bwiza bw’amakuru y’ubucucike ku bisigazwa by’ibice n’ibice hakoreshejwe ubu buryo, bishyigikira uburyo bwo gutandukanya no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibicuruzwa.
Hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi bihujwe, iminara yo gukwirakwiza amazi yungukira mu gutanga amakuru no kuyahindura mu buryo bwihuse. Ibi bishyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amahame agenga ibidukikije, bigabanya imikorere mibi, kandi bigahaza ibyifuzo by'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukwirakwiza amazi.
Gucika kw'amazi mu buryo bwa "Fluid Catalytic Cracking" (FCC) no Gucika kw'amazi mu buryo bwa "Hydrocracking Fractionation"
Mu gihe cyo gucukura no gucukura amazi, gupima neza ubucucike bikoreshwa kugira ngo hakorwe neza ubwiza bw'ibice no kugera ku musaruro mwiza mu ikoreshwa rya katalyst. Ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongo bifasha kubona ako kanya impinduka mu miterere ya karubone, bikoroshya kugenzura ingaruka z'icukura n'umusaruro. Aya makuru akoreshwa mu gihe nyacyo agabanya ihindagurika ry'imikorere kandi anonosora uburyo molecule ziremereye zicukura amazi.
Gupima ubucucike buhoraho bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gikorwa cyo gutandukanya hydrocarbon, bikerekana ko ibicuruzwa byoroheje n'ibiremereye bitandukanyijwe neza, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu kongera umusaruro n'agaciro k'ubukungu. Abakora muri urwo rwego bakoresha imiterere y'ubucucike kugira ngo bahindure aho bagabanya no kubungabunga ubuziranenge bwa lisansi ya gaze, amavuta ya cycle, n'ibicuruzwa byacitse. Gukurikirana buri gihe byongera inyungu ku ishoramari binyuze mu kunoza uburyo bwo gupima hydrocarbon y'amazi no gukomeza gucunga neza uburyo bwo gutunganya hydrocarbon.
Amakuru ku bucucike bw'ibicuruzwa atanga kandi ubumenyi ku gipimo cyo guhagarika ibikorwa bya catalyst n'isukura, bifasha mu gutanga amakuru ku bijyanye no kubungabunga no guhindura imikorere. Gupima umurongo bituma inzira zo kuvanga mu gutunganya hydrocarbon zicungwa neza, bikagabanya umusaruro udasanzwe kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza.
Ibikoresho byo Guteka no Kuvugurura Ibikoresho byatinze
Mu bipimo byo guteka bitinze, gupima ubucucike ni ingenzi kugira ngo amavuta asigaye ahindurwe neza mo ibintu byoroheje na coke. Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa inline bihora bishyira mu byiciro ibicuruzwa, binoza iteganyagihe ry'umusaruro kandi bigatanga icyizere gikomeye cy'ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro. Amakuru nyayo atandukanya amavuta aremereye, amavuta aremereye ya gaze, n'ibicuruzwa biri hagati. Ibi byongera uburyo bwo gushonga mu nganda mu gutunganya no kugenzura inzira yo guteka.
Ku bipimo byo kuvugurura, isesengura ry’ubucucike rikurikirana impinduka mu miterere y’ibinyabutabire uko ibiryo bihinduka kugira ngo bikore hydrocarbon nyinshi za octane. Amakuru ahoraho ashyigikira inzira zo gutandukanya hydrocarbon kandi yemeza ko ibipimo by’ibicuruzwa ku migezi ya reformate na hydrogen ikungahaye ku bintu byuzuzwa buri gihe. Amakuru y’ubucucike bw’igihe nyacyo arushaho kunoza imikorere y’ibipimo binyuze mu gutuma ababikora bashobora guhita basubiza mu buryo butunguranye impinduka mu mikorere.
Guhuza uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho mu kirere, mu gutunganya ikirere, mu gutunganya ibyuma bivamo umwuka, mu gutunganya ibyuma bivamo umwuka, mu gutunganya ibyuma bivamo umwuka, mu gutunganya ibyuma bivamo umwuka, mu gutunganya ibyuma bivamo umwuka, mu gutunganya ibyuma bivamo umwuka, mu gutunganya ibyuma bivamo umwuka, no mu kuvugurura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa byongera ubwiza bw’ibihingwa muri rusange, mu kugenzura uburyo bikoreshwa, no mu ireme ry’ibicuruzwa. Ibi bivamo imikorere myiza no kunoza imikorere y’ibicuruzwa mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon.
Porogaramu mu bikorwa byo gutunganya urusobe rw'inganda
Gutunganya imvange
Kugira ngo umuntu agenzure neza inzira zo kuvanga mu gutunganya hydrocarbon bisaba gupima neza kandi buri gihe ubucucike. Ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongo, nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter, bitanga amakuru y'igihe nyacyo y'ingenzi mu gukora ivanga ry'ibice bitandukanye bya peteroli. Kubera ko ubucucike bwa buri funguro bugira ingaruka ku bipimo byo kuvanga ndetse n'imiterere y'intego nka API gravity na octane number, ndetse n'ihindagurika rito rishobora gutuma habaho ibicuruzwa bitari spec.
Abakoresha bakoresha uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho kugira ngo bahindure vuba umuvuduko w'amazi n'ibipimo mu bice, barebe ko uruvange rwujuje ibisabwa. Ibi bigabanya ingano y'ibicuruzwa bisubirwamo cyangwa bigabanutse kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kunyura ku mahame ngenderwaho. Urugero, mu gice cyo kuvanga lisansi, amakuru y'ubucucike buhoraho atuma sisitemu ishobora gusubiza mu buryo bwikora iyo umurongo umwe w'amazi utandukanye mu bucucike—gukosora ibipimo nta gukoresha intoki. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubu buryo bugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa kandi bukongera uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibicuruzwa bya hydrocarbon, bushyigikira mu buryo butaziguye inshingano z'inganda n'iz'amasezerano.
Ingwate yo kohereza uburenganzira ku icungamutungo
Gutwara neza amashanyarazi mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon biterwa n'uburyo bwo gupima hydrocarbon y'amazi neza kandi bushoboka gukurikizwa. Mu gihe cyo kugenda kw'ibicuruzwa hagati y'ibigo, nko kuva mu ruganda rutunganya amashanyarazi kugera ku gice cyo hejuru cyangwa umuyoboro w'amazi, amakosa yo gupima ashobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ku bijyanye n'imari n'amakimbirane. Ibipimo by'ubucucike buhoraho kuva kuri Lonnmeter byemeza ko guhindura ingano y'amazi kugeza ku bwinshi ari ukuri muri ubwo buryo bwo kohereza, bishyigikira kubahiriza amategeko no kugabanya ibyago by'imari.
Ibikorwa by’inganda zitunganya ibi bipimo bikoresha ubucucike bw’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bigenzure imibare y’ibikorwa ugereranije n’amasezerano. Kubahiriza cyane amahame, nk’ayashyizweho na API na ASTM, bigumana icyizere cy’inyandiko zo kwimura imitungo kandi bigabanya amakimbirane ahenze. Mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusya, kwemeza ko ubucucike buhamye bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kwishyura, kugenzura ububiko, no kugenzura amategeko.
Gutahura Interineti y'amazi
Kumenya aho amazi ahurira ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo guhindura ibicuruzwa, kubibika no kubimura kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura no kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kumenya aho amazi ahurira bihita bigaragaza imbibi z'ibice, nko kuva kuri lisansi ujya kuri mazutu cyangwa kuva kuri hydrocarbon ujya mu mazi, binyuze mu kugenzura impinduka zitunguranye mu gaciro k'ubucucike.
Abakoresha ibikoresho bishingikiriza kuri ibi bipimo kugira ngo batere ibikorwa—nk'ihindagurika ry'amazi, guhindura ibigega, cyangwa gutangiza gushyushya—kugira ngo barinde ubuziranenge n'umutekano. Urugero, mu kubika peteroli ishaje, ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya neza aho ikoreshwa ririnda kuvanga intera zidahuye, ibyo bikaba bishyigikira inzira nziza zo gutandukanya hydrocarbon kandi bikarinda ibikoresho biri munsi y'amazi. Gupima ubucucike bw'amavuta na gaze nabyo byongera uburyo abakoresha babyitwaramo mu gihe cy'ibintu bidasanzwe, bigabanya ibyago bijyanye no gutwika cyangwa gutembera mu mazi ashobora guteza akaga.
Imbonerahamwe y'Incamake: Ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi mu gupima ubucucike buhoraho
| Porogaramu | Uburyo bwo kugenzura buhinduka | Umusaruro w'ibanze | Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi |
| Gutunganya imvange | Igipimo cy'ubuvanganzo, ubucucike | Igabanya ibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa | Igipimo cy'ubucucike mu murongo |
| Ingwate yo kohereza uburenganzira ku icungamutungo | Ubucucike, uburemere | Uburyo bwo kugenzura no gucunga neza imari | Igipimo cy'ubucucike mu murongo |
| Gutahura Interineti y'amazi | Impinduka z'ubucucike | Ubusugire bw'ibicuruzwa n'umutekano | Sensor yo gutahura aho iherereye |
Gukurikirana buri gihe ubucucike bw'ibikoresho bya Lonnmeter ni ingenzi mu buhanga bwo guhuza hydrocarbon, uburyo bwo gupima neza uburyo bwo gupima ububiko, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya aho amazi anyura, bigafasha mu bikorwa by'uruganda rwo gutunganya ibyuma mu buryo bwizewe, bunoze kandi bukurikije amategeko kuri buri ihuriro ry'ibikorwa by'ingenzi.
Uburyo bwo kuvugurura no kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa
Guhuza uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bipima ubucucike nk'ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter byahinduye imicungire y'ubucucike mu bikorwa byo gutunganya ubucucike. Mu nganda zitunganya ubucucike bwa hydrocarbon, amakuru aboneka mu gihe nyacyo aturuka mu bipimo by'ubucucike bw'ubucucike bw'ubucucike ubu ni ingenzi mu gutunganya imikorere igoye yo gutunganya ubucucike bw'ikirere, gutunganya ubucucike bw'amazi, kuvanga, gukata ibinyabutabire by'amazi (FCC), gukata ibinyabutabire by'amazi, no gukata ibinyabutabire. Gupima ubucucike buhoraho muri peteroli na gaze bituma hamenyekana vuba ubuziranenge bw'ibikomoka ku bimera n'imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa. Ibi ntibishyigikira gusa gukosora ibikorwa ako kanya ahubwo binatuma habaho kugenzura uburyo bwo guhindura no gukoresha neza ibintu mu nganda zose zitunganya ubucucike.
Amakuru y’ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo yinjiza mu kubara ibipimo by’ubucucike bw’inganda zitunganya amashanyarazi. Ibi bipimo birimo imiterere n’ibipimo by’imikorere by’ahantu runaka, kandi ni ingenzi mu gupima, gufata ibyemezo by’ubukungu, no gutegura ingamba. Ivugurura rihoraho riva mu bipimo by’ubucucike mu murongo rituma ibi bipimo bigaragaza neza imikorere nyayo, aho kuba imikorere y’inyuguti—cyane cyane ko ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, ingano yatunganyijwe, n’umusaruro bishobora guhinduka vuba uko buri gikorwa cyangwa uko gihinduka.
Uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima imikorere bushingiye kuri aya makuru akoreshwa inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo anonosore ukuri. Urugero, mu kuvanga inzira zo gutunganya hydrocarbon, gukurikirana ubucucike ku ngingo z'ingenzi bituma habaho impinduka nyazo ku gipimo kugira ngo hagerwe ku bipimo by'umusaruro. Mu gusya ikirere n'umwuka, gupima ubucucike buhoraho bimenyesha abakora impinduka mu miterere y'inkingi, bigafasha gukosora vuba no kurinda igabanuka ry'umusaruro. Ubu buryo bwo gupima hydrocarbon y'amazi bunongera imbaraga nyinshi mu gihe cyo kohereza mu gutunganya hydrocarbon, kunoza uburyo bwo gukurikirana no kubahiriza amategeko binyuze mu nzira zikomeye kandi zemejwe z'amakuru.
Ingamba zo kunoza imikorere y’inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa zarushijeho gukomera uko inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa zigenda zirushaho kugorana. Izi ngamba zikoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu mu byiciro bitandukanye—kuva ku mikorere y’itsinda rimwe kugeza ku gutunganya ahantu hose. Porogaramu zihuza imirongo ihuza ibice (MILP), ubwoko bwo kunoza imikorere bushyigikiwe no gupima mu gihe nyacyo, zigenda zikoreshwa cyane mu guteganya no gutanga umutungo. Urugero, moderi za MILP zihora zihuza amakuru y’ubucucike bw’ibikoresho kugira ngo zinoze gahunda y’ibikoresho bikozwe mu buryo bwa “crude slate”, zihuze n’ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa “stochastic” (nk’ibicuruzwa bigeze), kandi zinoze ikwirakwizwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura imikorere y’inganda butuma inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa zihuza imicungire y’ibiryo, isuku, kuvanga, no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butunguranye, bigabanyije imbogamizi kandi bikongera umusaruro.
Gupima ubucucike buhoraho bishyigikira uduce dutatu tw’ikoranabuhanga n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu mbere y’igihe binyuze mu gutanga amakuru avuguruye yerekeye imiterere y’ibikorwa byo gupima no gusesengura ibintu. Mu nzira zo gutandukanya hydrocarbon, ibikoresho by’ubucucike bya Lonnmeter bitanga ibitekerezo by’ingenzi, bikomeza uburyo nyabwo bw’imikorere bushyigikira ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusya no kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse. Izi koranabuhanga kandi zinoza ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya aho ibintu bihurira n’amazi, bigafasha kumenya aho ibintu binyura hagati y’ibicuruzwa cyangwa amatsinda, kandi bigafasha ibikoresho byo kumenya aho ibintu bihurira n’amazi mu gihe cyo guhindura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa cyangwa guhinduranya ibigega.
Ikoreshwa ry'izi sisitemu zo gupima rishingira ku buryo bushya bwo kunoza imikorere y'ibikorwa. Urugero, imiterere y'ubucucike bw'inganda zose zitunganya amashanyarazi ituma habaho impinduka ziteganyijwe mu kugenzura ibipimo mu gihe cy'ubuhanga bwo gushonga kw'inganda, cyangwa nk'amakuru yinjiye mu guhuza ibicuruzwa bya nyuma mu kuvugurura imikorere y'ibikoresho. Ibipimo by'ubucucike byagenzuwe neza biba ingenzi mu buryo bwo gupima neza uburyo bwo kohereza ububiko bw'amazi—ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bucuruzi bw'imbere mu gihugu no mu mahanga bwa hydrocarbon.
Ingaruka zigaragara neza iyo urebye uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya imikorere y’uruganda. Mbere yo guhuza uburyo bwo gupima mu buryo buhoraho, imicungire y’ibintu bigoye yashingiraga cyane cyane ku bipimo by’abahanga mu bya siyansi n’ibipimo bidakunze gupimwa muri laboratwari, akenshi bigatera gutinda mu mikorere no kudakora neza. Gutangiza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo buhoraho bituma habaho gusubiramo ibimenyetso bigoye n’uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza iyi mpinduka:
Uru rutonde rw'ibihe rugaragaza gahunda z'imikorere zoroshye ndetse n'ubuhanga bwinshi mu gusubiza impinduka zidasobanutse nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho. Buri kintu kidasanzwe cyangwa ubwiyongere bw'imikorere bugaragazwa bujyanye n'ihindagurika ry'ubucucike, butuma habaho kongera gupima, kandi bugatuma ibyemezo byo kunoza imikorere binyura mu byiciro by'inganda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere yo kuvanga hydrocarbon buranozwa, imyanda yo gutunganya imikorere ikagabanuka, kandi imiterere y'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa ikagerwaho hizewe cyane.
Muri make, gupima ubucucike buhoraho ntabwo ari ikintu cy'ingenzi gusa gituma habaho kugenzura neza ibikorwa mu gutunganya ibintu bigezweho, ahubwo ubu ni ibikorwa remezo by'ingenzi mu gucunga ibintu bigoye, kunoza imikorere y'ibice, no gukora neza mu bukungu mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon.
Uburyo n'ikoranabuhanga mu gupima ubucucike buhoraho
Gupima ubucucike buhoraho ni byo bigize inkingi y'ibikorwa by'ingenzi mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon, kuva ku ihererekanya ry'ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaze kugeza ku kuvanga mu nganda zitunganya lisansi. Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho by'ingenzi niIbipimo by'amazi bya Coriolis, ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe bw'imiyoboro ihindagurika, hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa nuclear—buri kimwe gifite imbaraga zihariye n'ibipimo byo guhitamo bikwiranye n'ikoreshwa ryacyo kuva ku gutonora ikirere kugeza ku gucika kw'amazi (FCC) no gucika kw'amazi.
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Coriolis bipima mu buryo butaziguye, haba mu gihe nyacyo, haba mu bucucike bw'amazi n'ubucucike binyuze mu kugenzura inshuro z'imiyoboro yuzuye amazi. Kubera ko inshuro z'amazi zihinduka bitewe n'ubucucike bw'amazi, ibi bipimo bishobora gupima neza ubucucike kugeza kuri ± 0.001 g / cm³, hatitawe ku miterere y'amazi. Ibi bituma birushaho kuba byiza mu bikorwa byo kuvanga, gupima kohereza amazi mu buryo bw'amazi, no kugenzura inzira nyayo mu bikoresho byo gusya no kuvugurura. Ubuhanga bwabyo mu guhangana n'ubushyuhe butandukanye, igitutu, n'imiterere y'amazi bituma habaho ubuziranenge burambye mu bihe bitandukanye byo gutunganya. Ni ingenzi cyane mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutahura aho amazi anyura no gucunga amavuta ya slop, aho gutandukanya neza ibice ari ingenzi mu bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa no kugabanya ubwandu. Ariko, ikoreshwa ryabyo rishobora kugabanywa ku miyoboro minini cyangwa iyo hari gazi nyinshi, bigasaba gusuzuma neza ibipimo by'imikorere, rimwe na rimwe, guhuza gahunda zigezweho zo gupima.
Ibipimo by'ubunini bw'imiyoboro ihindagurika, nk'izikoreshwa mu bice byinshi by'uburyo bwo gutandukanya hydrocarbon, zikora ku mahame asa n'aya frequency vibration ariko zifite igice cy'umuyoboro udahinduka cyangwa uhindagurika. Ubucucike bw'amazi buhindura imiterere y'ihindagurika, igenzurwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gupima buri gihe. Izi densitometero zitanga ubushobozi bwo kumva no guhagarara neza, bigatuma ziba nziza mu miterere ya laboratwari n'iy'imashini zipima ndetse no mu gupima mu murongo mu migezi aho itandukaniro ry'ibiyigize ari rito cyangwa rigaragara neza. Igishushanyo cyazo gito gihuye n'ikoreshwa ry'ahantu hato, nko ku miyoboro mito cyangwa imiyoboro mito.
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa kirimbuzi bikoresha uburyo bwo kugabanya imirasire ya gamma mu nzira zose. Urwego rw'uburyo ibimenyetso bifatwa rufitanye isano n'ubucucike bw'ibice bigenda, bigatuma ibi bipimo bigira akamaro mu gukoresha amazi afite imiterere ikomeye cyangwa menshi aho ibipimo bya mechanical bishobora kwangirika cyangwa bigasaba kubungabungwa cyane. Nubwo bitanga ibisubizo byizewe ku mvange ikomeye, ibisabwa mu mategeko, amabwiriza y'umutekano, n'amahame ngenderwaho yo guta ibintu bya radioisotope byongera ikiguzi cy'imikorere n'ubugoranye.
Guhitamo hagati y’ubu buhanga bishingiye ku byo ikoranabuhanga risaba, guhuza ibicuruzwa, no gukoresha neza ikiguzi. Ibipimo by’amazi bya Coriolis bifite uburinganire bwiza mu gukoresha mu gupima ubucucike buhoraho muri peteroli na gaze, harimo uburyo bwo gupima neza uburyo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi n’uburyo bwo guhuza hydrocarbon. Ku bijyanye no gucukura amazi hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa gukoresha vacuum distillation, ibipimo by’amashanyarazi bishobora gukundwa bitewe n’uko bito kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingero zihamye mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bikomeye. Ibipimo by’ubucucike bwa nuclei bigenewe slurry zikomeye, ibikorwa byo gusuzuma inzira yo gucukura amazi bitinze, cyangwa ibindi bintu bigoye aho gupima bidahuye ari ngombwa.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibi bikoresho rigezweho rirushaho gushyigikira kwerekana imyitwarire y’imikorere no kugabanya ibyago by’imikorere. Urugero, amakuru y’ubucucike bw’igihe nyacyo aturuka kuri Coriolis flowmeter ihujwe n’igenzura ry’imikorere atuma abakora ibikorwa babona impinduka mu miterere y’ikirere cyangwa mu gihe cyo gushyushya ikirere mu nganda. Ibi bituma habaho igisubizo cyihuse ku makosa, kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho no kugabanya umusaruro uhenze utari uw’ingenzi. Mu gihe cyo kwimura abakozi, gupima ubucucike buri hagati y’ibikoresho n’ibindi bigenzurwa n’amategeko y’ubucuruzi kandi bikarinda amakimbirane, cyane cyane ku bipimo by’imari.
Gupima ubucucike mu buryo nyabwo kandi buhoraho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga nka metero za Lonnmeter zipima ubucucike mu murongo w’amazi, bishingira ku buryo bwo gupima ubucucike bw’amazi mu buryo bwizewe, bunoze kandi bwubahiriza amategeko muri buri cyiciro cy’uruganda rugezweho rwo gutunganya ubucucike, bikongera ubumenyi bw’imikorere n’ubuziranenge mu bijyanye n’imari mu nganda zitunganya ubucucike bw’amazi.
Imbogamizi n'ibisubizo mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho
Gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo by’ubucucike buhoraho mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon bitera imbogamizi zitandukanye bitewe n’imiterere itandukanye cyane y’ibice by’imikorere ndetse n’ubuhanga mu gutunganya. Imbogamizi zo guhuza ibintu zikunze kuvuka mu gihe inganda zitunganya ibyuma zikoresha uburyo bwa kera bwo kugenzura ibintu budahuye n’ibipimo by’ubucucike bigezweho nk’ibyakozwe na Lonnmeter. Buri gice cy’imikorere—kuva ku gusya mu kirere no gusya mu buryo bwa kijyambere kugeza kuri FCC no gusya mu buryo bwatinze—gifite ibisabwa byihariye mu mikorere, hamwe n’ihindagurika ry’imiterere y’ibinyabutabire, ubushyuhe, n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi bituma habaho gukurura ishyirwa mu bikorwa no guhuza ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.
Guhuza tekiniki muri izi mashini zitandukanye bisaba gusuzuma neza imiterere ya sisitemu. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'imirongo bigomba guhuza neza n'urubuga rwo kugenzura ibikorwa kugira ngo bishyigikire ibyemezo by'imikorere mu gihe nyacyo. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bikorwa bifite agaciro gakomeye nko kwimura ububiko mu gutunganya hydrocarbon, gukoresha neza hydrocarbon, no gushyira mu byiciro, aho uburyo bwo gupima bugira ingaruka ku nyungu. Kugira ngo umuntu agere ku guhuza neza akenshi bisaba uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru bushobora kwaguka no guhuza amakuru ahoraho nta guhungabanya imikorere isanzweho.
Kubungabunga uburyo bwo gupima, gukoresha neza amakuru, no kwizera ni ikibazo gikomeje. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bihura n'ibibazo byo kwangirika, gutembera no guhinduka kw'ibidukikije. Urugero, kwegeranya ibisigazwa ku buso bw'ibikoresho mu gihe cy'ubuhanga bwo gushonga kw'inganda cyangwa gutandukanya amazi bishobora kwangiza uburyo bwo gupima. Kugira ngo ibi bikemuke, amabwiriza ahoraho yo kubungabunga—nk'isukura no gupima ibikoresho by'ibikoresho—ni ngombwa. Uburyo bwo guhanura bushingiye ku makuru y'imikorere bushobora gukoreshwa mu guteganya ibikenewe mu gupima no kunoza gahunda zo kubungabunga, kugabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza mu gihe cyo kongera icyizere cyo gupima. Gusuzuma hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byinshi mu buryo bw'ingenzi, byongera ubuziranenge bwo gupima uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru kandi bigashyigikira uburyo bwo kunoza uburyo bwo gupima amazi.
Ubunyangamugayo bw'ubucucike buhoraho bushingiye ku ngamba zikomeye zo gupima. Urugero, ibipimo by'ubucucike bya Lonnmeter, bisaba gupima buri gihe kugira ngo birwanye imihindagurikire y'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi n'ihindagurika ry'ibidukikije. Gahunda zo gupima zigomba kuba zijyanye n'igihe, zishingiye ku makuru y'amateka n'imiterere y'imikorere. Kwemeza cyane mu gihe cyo gupima ikirere no gutandukanya hydrocarbon bituma tekiniki zo gupima hydrocarbon y'amazi ziguma neza, ndetse no mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bihinduka.
Gucunga no gusobanura amakuru bitanga izindi ngorane. Gushakisha amakuru yo gupima ubucucike mu buryo nyabwo bitanga amakuru manini atandukanye kandi akenera isesengura rigezweho kugira ngo habeho ibitekerezo bifatika. Gushungura ibintu bidasanzwe—nk'ibiterwa n'ibikorwa by'igihe gito cyangwa amakosa ya sensor—bisaba uburyo buhanitse bwo kwemeza amakuru. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kuvanga inzira zo gutunganya hydrocarbon, aho isesengura ritari ryo ry'ubucucike rishobora kubangamira imbaraga zo kunoza no kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa.
Gucunga neza amakuru binagera no ku bikoresho byo gutahura aho ibintu biherereye, kugenzura aho ibintu biherereye mu gihe cyo kohereza no kuvanga amakuru. Gutahura aho ibintu biherereye neza bishingira ku buryo bwo gupima uko ibintu bihagaze neza. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru y’inganda bifasha abahanga mu by’imikorere gusobanura amakuru yinjira, kumenya ibitagenda neza, no koroshya ibikorwa byo gukosora, bigamije kwemeza ko ibintu bihagaze neza kandi ko imikorere y’ibikoresho irushaho kuba myiza.
Imiyoboro ya sensor ikoresha insinga irimo gukoreshwa cyane kugira ngo yongere uburyo bwo gupima no koroshya imikorere, cyane cyane mu duce tugoye kugerwamo cyangwa duteza akaga. Ibi bituma amakuru atangwa mu buryo nyabwo, bigafasha gukurikirana buri gihe iminara yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu kirere no mu mikorere y’ibikoresho bishya. Ariko, guhuza imiyoboro ya wireless na sisitemu zo kugenzura zisanzweho bizana izindi mbogamizi, nko kwemeza ko imiyoboro yizewe no kubungabunga amabwiriza akomeye y’umutekano wa interineti kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge bw’amakuru y’ingenzi.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubucucike buhoraho bwa Lonnmeter risaba uburyo buhamye bwo gutsinda izi mbogamizi. Ibi birimo guhuza ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwa kera, gukoresha uburyo bukomeye bwo gupima no kubungabunga, no gukoresha uburyo buhanitse bwo gusesengura amakuru kugira ngo hasobanurwe kandi hakosorwe neza. Ibi bisubizo bihuriza hamwe ibipimo nyabyo bya hydrocarboni y’amazi, bishyigikira ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusya, kandi bigatera imbere mu mikorere yose yo gutandukanya hydrocarboni, gushyira imbaraga mu guhuza no gutunganya, no mu bikorwa rusange byo gutunganya.
Iterambere mu mikorere yo kunoza imikorere y'inganda: Uburyo bwo kwagura ibikorwa, kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo, no gucunga ibintu bigoye
Ubu uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere y’inganda zitunganya ubu burenze gahunda y’intoki binyuze mu gukoresha uburyo bwa mathematical bushobora guhindurwa, nka Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) na Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP), kugira ngo bitange ibisubizo byihuse kandi bishobora gukorwa ku bikorwa bigoye. Ubu buryo bushobora gukemura ibibazo bifatika byo gutegura gahunda y’inganda zitunganya ubu bucuruzi—harimo gucunga ibigega, kuvanga, no gutwara—mu gihe kitarenze umunota umwe, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse mu nganda zitunganya ubucukuzi bw’amazi n’ibicuruzwa byihuta.
Igenzura ry’igihe nyacyo ni ingenzi mu kunoza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Iyo iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga nko gupima ubucucike buhoraho na Lonnmeter rihujwe, izi gahunda zibona ibisubizo by’ingenzi, bifatika, bishyigikira uburyo bwo gupima hydrocarbon y’amazi no kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho byo gutunganya. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku makuru bwihutisha kwishyura no kongera icyizere mu mikorere, kuko ibibazo by’imikorere cyangwa impinduka ku isoko bishobora kumenyekana no gukemurwa vuba. Urugero, ikoreshwa rya metero zipima ubucucike mu murongo rituma habaho uburyo bwo koroshya ihererekanya ry’amazi mu gutunganya hydrocarbon, kunoza uburyo bwo kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza hydrocarbon n’uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo gukata fluid catalytic (FCC).
Gupima uburyo ibintu bitoroshye byo gutunganya ibyuma byakoreshejwe byabaye ingenzi cyane. Imiterere ya none ikunze gukoresha imiterere y’urwego, igafata utuntu duto tw’ibice by’umusaruro—nk’uburyo bwo gusya amavuta mu kirere, gukoresha mu gutunganya amavuta mu buryo bwa vacuum, no gukoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya amashanyarazi. Ibipimo by’uburyo ibintu bitoroshye bibarwa kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha no kuringaniza imitwaro y’ibikoresho. Binyuze mu kwerekana neza uburyo ibintu bikorerwamo, harimo n’imiyoboro ifatika y’imiyoboro, imiterere yongera ubushobozi bwo guhagararira ibintu, bigahuza neza imiterere n’imikorere nyayo.
Imiyoboro igezweho yo guteganya igihe ikoresha MINLP idahindagurika ituma habaho kongera gukoresha uburyo bushya igihe cyose habayeho gutandukana, byongera uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha tekiniki zo mu nganda mu gutunganya no gutinda gukoresha uburyo bwo guteka. Ibi ntibituma gusa habaho uburyo bwo gutandukanya hydrocarbon n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusya, ahubwo binashyigikira intego zihuriweho zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Imikoreshereze iheruka y'ubu buryo irenze ubukungu, ishyirwa mu byiciro mu ibyuka bihumanya, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, no kuramba - ibi bikaba ari ingenzi cyane bitewe n'amategeko akomeye n'ihindagurika ry'isoko.
Ubu imiterere y’ibikoresho ihujwe irarenga inganda imwe gusa, ikagera ku nganda zikora imirimo myinshi, ikora ibijyanye no gutunganya ibikoresho mu nganda za ethylene na aromatike. Mu guhuza icyitegererezo cy’ibikoresho bidakoresha umurongo umwe hamwe n’ibikoresho bigezweho—nk’ikoranabuhanga rya Lonnmeter ryo kubona aho ibintu bihurira n’amazi ndetse n’ibikoresho byo kubona aho ibintu bihurira n’amazi—ibigo bitunganya ntabwo binoza gusa uburyo bwo gupima neza uburyo bwo kohereza ibikoresho ariko kandi binatuma habaho kwaguka vuba mu buryo bwo gutwara no kuvanga.
Muri make, uburyo bwo kugenzura bushobora kwaguka kandi bukorwa mu gihe nyacyo, buhujwe n'ibipimo bihoraho n'imicungire igoye ni ingenzi mu kunoza uruganda rugezweho rwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Ubu buryo bwemejwe mu buryo bw'ubuhanga kugira ngo bwongere umusaruro, inyungu, no kuramba—ibintu by'ingenzi mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon muri iki gihe.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni gute gupima ubucucike buhoraho byongera imikorere myiza mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon?
Gupima ubucucike buhoraho biha inganda zo gutunganya ibicuruzwa ubumenyi bwihuse ku miterere y'amazi, ari na ingenzi mu gucunga ibikorwa nko kuvanga, gutandukanya no guhumeka. Amakuru agezweho atuma abakora ibikoresho bahindura imiterere y'ibikorwa vuba—ni ngombwa mu gihe cyo gutandukanya hydrocarbon no guhindura imiti bisanzwe mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire (FCC), gucukura amazi, no kuvugurura imikorere y'ibikoresho. Iri vugurura rihoraho rituma ibicuruzwa bitunganyijwe byujuje ibisabwa mu bwiza, bigabanya umusaruro udasanzwe, kandi bigabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho. Binatuma ibigo binoza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, binoza umusaruro kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere mu gihe bishyigikira amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije mu nganda zitunganya hydrocarbon. Ibyuma bigezweho by'ubucucike nk'ibyo muri Lonnmeter bitanga iyi mikorere nk'ibipimo byikora kandi byikora.
Ni uruhe ruhare rwo gupima ubucucike mu kwimura abagororwa?
Guhagarikira ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa mu gutunganya hifashishijwe hydrocarbon bikubiyemo impinduka mu gutunga ibicuruzwa, akenshi bigasaba inyungu nini mu bukungu. Gupima neza ubucucike ni ingenzi muri ubu buryo bwo kohereza kuko agaciro ka hydrocarbon gashingira ku bunini gusa, ahubwo gashingiye ku bunini - cyane cyane bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko uhindagurika. Ibipimo by'ubucucike biri ku murongo bitanga ubuziranenge bukenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane uburemere nyakuri bwa hydrocarbon y'amazi iri kwimurwa. Ibi bigabanya amahirwe y'amakimbirane mu by'imari kandi bigashyigikira iyubahirizwa ry'amahame y'ubucuruzi n'amategeko, bigatuma impande zose zishobora kwizera imibare yatangajwe ku bunini n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Amakuru y'ubucucike ahora abikwa nk'inyandiko zishobora kwemezwa kugira ngo habeho amasezerano y'ibikorwa.
Gupima ubucucike bw'amazi bikorwa gute hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike?
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima imbuga zikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ubucucike bw'amazi kugira ngo rigaragaze imiterere y'amazi mu miyoboro, mu bigega byo kubikamo, cyangwa mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bya batch. Iyo uhinduranya hagati y'imiterere ya hydrocarbon cyangwa mu gihe cyo kohereza imiyoboro, ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'amazi mu murongo nk'ibyo Lonnmeter ihita ibona impinduka mu miterere. Ubu buryo bwihuse butuma habaho impinduka mu byiciro hamwe n'ubwandu buke bw'ibicuruzwa. Gupima imbuga zikoresha uburyo nyabwo kandi mu gihe nyacyo bishyigikira umutekano mu mikorere binyuze mu gukumira kuvanga ibinyabiziga bitajyanye n'uburyo byakozwe kandi bikingira ubusugire bw'ibicuruzwa binyuze mu gutuma habaho uburyo nyabwo bwo gukurikirana no kugenzura icyerekezo cy'amazi mu gihe cyo kuvanga, kubika no kohereza mu ruganda.
Kuki gupima ubucucike buhoraho ari ingenzi mu gutunganya ikirere no mu byuma bisukuye?
Uburyo bwo gusohora amashanyarazi mu kirere no mu cyuma gisukuye bushingiye ku gutandukanya neza hydrocarbons hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bukabije n'uburemere bwa molekile. Gupima ubucucike buhoraho mu mikorere ya peteroli na gazi bitanga ibitekerezo byihuse kugira ngo bigenzure inzira: bituma habaho impinduka ku gihe zinoza uburyo ibice runaka bikuramo kandi bigafasha mu kugenzura neza inzira z'ibicuruzwa. Binyuze mu gutanga ikimenyetso cy'uko ibice biri kugaruzwa muri buri cyiciro cy'ibikorwa, inganda zitunganya ibiribwa zishobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bihuye n'ibipimo, kongera umusaruro muri rusange, no kugabanya kongera gutunganya. Ibi kandi binoza uburyo imikorere ikorwa kandi bikongera imikorere myiza muri rusange, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'impinduka mu mikorere cyangwa mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'imikorere.
Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu gupima hydrocarbon y'amazi?
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima hydrocarbon y'amazi bukoreshwa mu nganda zigezweho. Izi zirimo Coriolis flowmeters, zipima mu buryo butaziguye ubwinshi bw'amazi n'ubucucike; vibrating tube densitometers, zumva ubucucike bw'amazi binyuze mu mpinduka mu mihindagurikire ya resonance; na nuclear density gauges, zumva ubucucike binyuze mu kumenya gamma rays absorption. Lonnmeter yihariye mu gukora inline density meters na viscosity meters bishyigikira igenzura rikomeye kandi rihoraho mu bihe bikomeye by'imikorere bisanzwe mu nganda za hydrocarbon. Izi koranabuhanga zituma habaho uburyo bwo gupima neza uburyo bwo kwimura ibicuruzwa, gukoresha neza uburyo bivangavanze, kumenya aho bihurira, no gucunga uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibikorwa, byose mu gihe bigabanya ingero n'amakosa y'abantu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 15-2025
