Intangiriro yo gukanda Pellet mu isesengura rya XRF
Gukanda ibinure nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi mu gutegura ingero za X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). XRF ni uburyo bwo gusesengura ibice by'umubiri aho icyitegererezo gihura n'imirasire ya X ifite ingufu nyinshi, bigatuma atome zisohora imirasire ya X-ray ifite ingufu zidasanzwe. Spekterometero imenya kandi igapima iyi myuka, igatuma hakorwa isuzuma ryihuse kandi ryimbitse ry'ibice byinshi ku bipimo bikomeye, by'amazi n'iby'ifu.
Gutegura pellet ifuye bituma ingero z'ifu zishyirwa mu dusanduku twinshi kandi duhuye. Ubu buryo bugabanya icyuho cy'umwuka n'ubushyuhe bw'ubuso, iyo bitakozweho, bishobora kwinjiza cyangwa gukwirakwiza X-rays, bigatuma ubuziranenge bw'isesengura bugabanuka. Iyo ifu ishyizwe mu dusanduku, inzira ya X-ray inyura muri icyo gipimo iba ihamye kandi ishobora kongera kubyazwa umusaruro, bigatuma haboneka uburyo bwo gupima neza ibintu by'ingenzi no kongera ubushobozi bwo kumva, cyane cyane ku bintu by'urumuri nka manyeziyumu cyangwa silikoni.
Amahame y'ingenzi mu buryo bwo gutegura pellet
Amahitamo mu gutegura pellet
In isuzuma rya X-ray fluorescence (XRF), ubuziranenge bw'icyitegererezo n'uburyo ibintu bingana bigena neza uburyo ibintu bikoreshwa mu gusesengura no kongera gukorerwa. Uburyo bwose bwo gutegura agace k'ibice—ifu nziza, agace gavanze, n'agace gakase—butanga ibyiza n'imbogamizi bitandukanye bijyanye n'ibikenewe mu gusesengura.
Uburyo bwo gukaranga ifu y’icyitegererezo bukoreshwa cyane kuko butanga uburinganire hagati y’ubuhanga n’imikorere myiza. Mu guteranya ifu y’icyitegererezo neza mu duce duto, tudafite ubusa, ubu buryo bugabanya ubusumbane kandi bukagabanya gukwirakwira inyuma, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo kubona ibintu by’urumuri. Amasezerano ya laboratwari asaba gukoresha ingano y’uduce duto, akenshi turi munsi ya µm 50, kugira ngo habeho uburinganire bw’ingero mu gihe cyo gukaranga no gukumira ubusumbane mu gupima. Ariko, uduce duto tudahuye neza cyangwa gukanda nabi bishobora kwangiza ubusugire bw’uduce duto, bigatera gucika cyangwa kugabanuka nabi mu isesengura ry’uduce duto.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ifu nziza, nubwo bwihuse kandi buhendutse, bukunze kugorana no gutandukanya uduce duto n'ubuso buke. Izi mbogamizi zigaragara nko kwiyongera kw'ibisigazwa no kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kumva, cyane cyane ku bintu biri ku gipimo gito. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gukoresha ifu nziza bikorerwa ahanini mu gusuzuma mbere y'igihe aho kuba isesengura ry'imibare.
Gutera ibinure bya Xrf ku bipimo bikomeye
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Uburyo bwo gukoresha urushinge rw'amasaro butsinda ingaruka nyinshi za matrix zikomoka ku bipimo by'ifu binyuze mu gushonga icyitegererezo mu ruziga—cyane cyane lithium borate—maze kikarema urushinge rw'ikirahure rungana. Ubu buryo butanga ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gupima no guhuza imiti, bigatuma buba bwiza cyane mu isesengura ryimbitse ry'ibintu byinshi. Nyamara, imbogamizi zifatika nko kwandura uruziga cyangwa gushonga ku buryo budahagije bisaba kugenzura cyane ubushyuhe, ingano y'urushinge rw'amasaro, n'imiterere y'ibivanze. Ibikoresho bigezweho byo guhuza bifite uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bwikora kandi bikoreshwa mu gucukura platine bishobora kugabanya izi ngaruka, ariko gutegura urushinge rw'amasaro biracyatwara igihe kinini kandi bisaba umutungo uhagije ugereranije no gukanda pellet.
Mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa, gukanda ifu ikoze mu buryo bwa ultrafine—guhuza gusya amazi kugeza kuri µm 4 hamwe no gukanda cyane—byagaragaye nk'uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha matrices zigoye. Izi pellets zigaragaza igabanuka rigaragara mu gusesengura ibintu bidasobanutse neza ndetse n'iterambere rikomeye mu kubona ibintu bifatika bitewe no kongera uburyo bwo guhuza no kunoza ubuso.
Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gutegura pellet biterwa n'ibintu byinshi:
- Ingero z'imiterere n'ubuhanga bwa matrix:Ibikoresho bigoye guhuza neza bigira akamaro mu gukaranga ifu cyangwa ifu nziza cyane.
- Intego z'isesengura:Ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu bifatika cyane busaba uburyo bugabanya gukwirakwira kw'inyuma no kongera ubushobozi bwo kongera kubyara, nk'udupira twakanzwe cyangwa duhujwe.
- Ingano y'umusaruro n'ibiciro:Ku isesengura risanzwe kandi rikorwa mu nganda, utubuto twakase dutanga umuvuduko n'ubudahinduka nta ngaruka zikomeye ku ireme ry'isesengura.
- Ingaruka zo kwandura:Ubuhanga bugabanya uburyo bwo gufata ingero kandi bugasaba inyongera nke bugabanya amahirwe yo kwanduzwa n'ibikomoka ku butaka no kubangamira isesengura.
Gukoresha neza press—imbaraga, ubunini, n'ingano y'ibifunga—ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo pellet ibe nziza mu buryo bwose.
Uruhare n'Amahitamo y'Abahuza
Udukoresho two gufunga amazi tugira uruhare runini mu ikorwa ry’udupira twa XRF. Inshingano yatwo y’ibanze ni uguhuza ingero z’ifu mu dupira dukomeye kandi dufatanye, twihanganira gufatwa no gusesengura tudacitse cyangwa ngo dusenyuke. Udupira twatoranijwe neza twongera ubuziranenge bw’ingero kandi tukarinda kwandura, byombi bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo amakuru ya XRF abe meza kandi ahamye.
Alcool ya polyvinyl (PVA) igaragara nk'igikoresho cyiza cyo gufata amazi. Iyo ikoreshejwe ku gipimo cyiza (urugero, icyitegererezo cya 7:1 ku gikoresho cyo gufata amazi), PVA ituma uduce duto duto duto duto dutoswa kandi tugakwirakwira neza, bigatuma uduce duto dufite coefficients iri munsi ya 2%. Utu duce duto tugaragaza imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike, imbaraga zihamye mu ngeri zose z'isesengura, kandi bigatuma hatabaho gukenera imiti y'inyongera ku buso.ubwinshi bwa PVAbigira ingaruka ku bunini bw'icyatsi n'ubwinshi bw'ibimera, bifasha mu kurema neza kw'ibimera mu gihe bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura.
Udukoresho two gufunga nk'utuvange twa selulose cyangwa ishashi dushobora gukoreshwa bitewe n'ibikenewe mu isesengura n'ibipimo bya shimi. Selulose itanga ubushobozi bwo kongera imbaraga mu byuma, mu gihe ishashi ishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza ingero za hydrophobic no kugabanya uburyarya hagati y'ibikoresho byo gukanda.
Utwuma dufunga ibintu dufite amazi dutanga inyungu zihariye ugereranije n'utwuma cyangwa utwuma dufunga ibintu:
- Bituma habaho guhuza kw'ibice by'icyitegererezo binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ibintu bigize icyitegererezo mu buryo bumwe mu gihe cyo gupfunyika.
- Ibikoresho bigabanya gutandukanya uduce duto, bigabanyiriza ubusumbane bushobora kwangiza ubushobozi bwo kumenya no gupima.
- Mu kugabanya gukorana kw'ibipimo n'ibice bikandagira, ibikoresho bifunga amazi birinda kwandura—cyane cyane bifitiye akamaro inyigo z'ibintu bifatika aho kwivanga kw'ibice bishobora guhindura ibisubizo.
- Gukoresha neza ibifunga bikemura impamvu zikunze gutera gucika kw'ibiceri, bigafasha gukanda ibiceri mu buryo buhamye no kunoza uburyo bwo gusesengura.
Ingero zigaragaza ko gukoresha PVA ifite uburemere buciriritse mu mazi bitanga uduce dutose neza, dufatana neza, kandi dufite ibyago bike byo kwandura. Gushyira mu bikorwa neza amabwiriza yo kumisha hakoreshejwe uburyo bugenzurwa bitanga uduce duto tudapfundikiye, bigatuma ubuso bukomeza kumera neza.
Muri make, guhitamo uburyo bwo gufata amazi—PVA foremost, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwakoreshejwe mu gupima shimi—ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ubwiza bwa pellets, ukuri kw'isesengura, no kongera gukora neza mu gupima imiterere y'ibice by'urumuri bya X-ray.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ihinduka ry'ibinure
Guteza imbere uburyo bwo gushyira imbaraga mu gufunga (Binder Concentration)
Gutunganya nezaishyirwa mu gaciro ry'ibipfunyikani ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kongera ubushobozi bwo gupima pellets kuri x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Uburyo bushyigikiwe cyane ni ugukomeza ikigereranyo cy'icyitegererezo ku gipimo cy'ibipimo hagati ya 7: 1 na 10: 1 ukurikije uburemere. Ku ngero zisanzwe, ibi bingana na 10-14% by'ibipimo, nka polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cyangwa cellulose, bitoranywa kubera ko XRF yabo ari nke cyane. Iki gipimo gikomoka ku bushakashatsi bwasuzumwe n'urungano ndetse na protocole za laboratwari, bigaragaza ko bitanga pellets zifite homogeneity imwe, coherent ikomeye, kandi zinoze mu gupima spectroscopy.
Uduce duto twakozwe muri iki gipimo cyiza kigaragaza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imashini, bikarinda kwangirika, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gufata no kwimura XRF kugira ngo isesengura ribe rikorwa. Icyakora, utwo duce duto cyane dutuma uduce duto ducika cyangwa tugacikamo ifu, bigahumanya aho bategura icyitegererezo ndetse n’ibikoresho bya XRF. Utwo duce tudahagije dufitanye isano no gusubiramo gupima bike bitewe n’imiterere yatwo idahuye. Ku rundi ruhande, utwo duce duto dushyiramo imbogamizi nyinshi. Gukoresha cyane (kurenza 14% by’uburemere) bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu kuko utwo duce duto duto duto kandi tukagira uruhare mu ngaruka zitari ngombwa za matrix, bigatuma kunoza uburyo bwo gusesengura ibintu bigorana. Ubwinshi bw’uduce duto dukoreshwa natwo bushobora kubangamira uburyo uduce duto dukoreshwa; ubushakashatsi bw’imashini bwemeza ko nyuma y’aho uduce duto, utwo duce duto dushobora gutuma uduce tworoshye kandi tudakomeye keretse iyo imbaraga zikabije zongewe hamwe.
Guhitamo imashini ifata ibipimo ni ingenzi cyane. Inzoga ya polyvinyl (PVA) ikundwa cyane mu buhanga bwo gukanda ibipimo bitewe nuko itagaragara neza kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibipimo bikomeye kandi bihuye, ishyigikira isesengura rya buri munsi n'iry'ibipimo. Imashini ifata ibipimo by'amazi yo gukora ibipimo by'amazi rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa kugira ngo yorohereze kuvanga ariko igomba gupimwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko byuzuye cyane, bishobora kwangiza ubuziranenge. Uburyo bwo gutegura ibipimo by'ibipimo by'amaso butangwa n'inama yo gutangirana n'igipimo cya 7: 1 no gukosora neza hashingiwe ku bipimo by'imbaraga z'ubushakashatsi no gupima isesengura ukurikije ibipimo.
Imbonerahamwe igereranya igipimo cyo gutsindwa kwa pellet ugereranyije n'igipimo cy'ibice bifunganye igaragaza urwego rw'ubudahangarwa ruri hagati ya 7: 1–10: 1, aho imvune zigaragara munsi ya 8% by'ibice bifunganye ndetse no kugabanuka guke mu buhanga bwo gusesengura hejuru ya 14% (reba Urugero rwa 1). Ibi bigaragaza ko hakenewe uburinganire hagati y'ubudahangarwa bwo hejuru bwa mekanike n'imbaraga nziza za XRF.
Ingero zo gusya no guhuza
Kugira ngo habeho ikorwa ry’udupira duto kandi rihamye bisaba gusya no guhuza neza ingero. Kugabanya ingano y’udupira buri gihe ni ngombwa; ingero zisya kugeza kuri 50 μm zigaragaza ubukana buke bw’ubuso kandi zikuzuza neza imyobo iyo zifunze, bigatuma udupira duto kandi tworoshye. Udupira duto tugabanya igicucu mu nzira za x-ray kandi tukareba ko gushyuha no gusohora XRF bitabangamirwa n’imyanda cyangwa gupakira ku buryo butari bwo, binongera uburyo bwo gusesengura neza. Udupira tunini kandi dutandukanye dukunda gutandukana mu gihe cyo gukanda udupira, bigatanga ubucucike butandukanye kandi byongera ibyago byo kugira intege nke cyangwa gucika kw’udupira.
Guhuza neza ingero bitanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza neza ahantu hose hakozwe imashini yo gufunga no gusesengura. Ibi bigerwaho neza binyuze mu kuvanga imashini, nko gusya umupira, cyangwa gukuba cyane muri homogenizer. Nyuma yo kuvanga icyitegererezo cy'ubutaka n'imashini yo gufunga, kongera gusya cyangwa guhindura bivanga imashini iyo ari yo yose yo gufunga, bityo nta hantu hake hashobora kwangirika iyo imashini ikandagiye. Ingufu zo guhuza ingero zigaragazwa n'ishusho ya pellet no gusesengura uburyo ihagaze; gukwirakwiza imashini mu buryo butari bumwe bikunze kugaragara nk'uturere tw'impinduka zitandukanye cyangwa gushonga ku buryo butunguranye mu gupima XRF.
Mu gihe ukoresha uburyo bwo gutegura pellets muri spectroscopy, gukomeza gahunda zo kuvanga no gukoresha icyuma gisya ni ingenzi kugira ngo wongere ubyaze umusaruro. Amabwiriza y’inganda asaba kuvanga binder na analyte nyuma yo kubisya mbere, hanyuma wongere igihe cyo kubisya cyangwa kongeramo intambwe zo kuvanga kugeza igihe imiterere y’ibicuruzwa ihurirana cyangwa isesengura. Iki cyiciro kibiri - gusya gikurikirwa no guhuza ibice byinshi - bigabanya cyane itandukaniro ryo gupima kandi binoza uburyo bwo kwirinda gusenyuka kwa pellets, nk'uko byagaragajwe mu bushakashatsi aho igipimo cyo gusenyuka kwa pellets cyagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri binyuze mu kuvanga neza.
Muri make, ubwinshi bw'ibice bifunga hamwe no gusya neza/guhuza neza ni ibintu by'ingenzi bishimangira ubushobozi bwo gukora ibice bifunga. Biruzuzanya: igipimo cyiza cy'ibice bifunga ntigishobora kwishyura ingero zitameze neza, kandi ndetse n'ibice bifunga neza bigomba guhuzwa n'ibice bikwiye by'ibice bifunga kugira ngo ibice bifunga bihamye kandi bifite ubuziranenge buhanitse bikoreshwa muri XRF isesengura. Ibi bikorwa ni ingenzi mu kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ibice bifunga, uburyo bwo gukanda ibice bifunga buhamye, no gukora ibice bifunga neza kugira ngo bisesengurwe XRF.
Kugenzura ko ibiryo by'ingero z'ibiryo bisukuye no gukumira ko ibiryo bicika
Imiterere n'Ubuhanga bwo Gukoresha Ingufu
Ubuziranenge bw'ibice bya pellet muri X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy bushingira ku gitutu gihamye cyo gukanda, igihe cyo kubana, no gukwirakwiza ibifunga bimwe. Igitutu cyiza ku gipimo cya mm 40 gikunze kuba hagati ya toni 15 na 35. Ubu bwoko bukora uduce twinshi, tudafite uduce duto duhuye n'isesengura rya buri munsi n'iry'ibintu bito. Ariko igitutu gikabije gishobora gutera kuvunika imbere cyangwa kwangirika kw'ubuso, bigatera ikibazo cyo gusesengura neza.
Igihe cyo kuguma mu kirere—gufata umuvuduko w’ikintu runaka mu gihe cy’umunota umwe cyangwa ibiri—bituma agace gato k’umuvuduko gafatana neza. Gutakaza umuvuduko buhoro nyuma yo kumara igihe kinini ari ngombwa; kurekura umuvuduko vuba akenshi bitera umwuka ufunze n’ingufu z’imbere, bigatuma uduce duto ducika cyangwa dupfutse.
Guhitamo ibifunga, nka polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), no guhindura igipimo ni ingenzi mu kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ibifunga by'icyitegererezo. Ikwirakwizwa ry'ibifunga rihuza neza birinda uturere duto n'ingufu z'imbere. Ubushakashatsi bwemeza ko ibifunga n'ifu bivanze neza bigabanya ubwandu n'ibyangiritse by'ibikoresho biva ku duce duto. Matrix y'ibifunga idasa ishobora kugaragara nk'ihindagurika rya pellet no kuvunika nyuma yo gukanda, cyane cyane nyuma yo kurekura umuvuduko vuba. Ibifunga bipfunyitse bifite igipimo cyiza cyo kubifunga n'ingano y'uduce turi munsi ya µm 50 bigaragaza ko biramba kandi koroheye.
Igihe cyo kuma no gufata nyuma yo gukanda bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kudahinduka kw'utubuto. Kwemerera utubuto kuma neza bikuraho ubushuhe busigaye, bishobora gutuma imigozi y'imbere igabanuka kandi bigatera kwangirika mu gihe cyo gusesengura. Gukuraho witonze mu gice cy'icyuma no gufata buhoro buhoro birinda stress ya mekanike no gucikagurika.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo gupima
Gupima ko ibintu bisubirwamo mu buryo bwa X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy bishingiye ku kugabanya ihindagurika ry’ibiceri hagati y’ibiceri n’ibiceri. Gupima igitutu, igihe cyo gutura, n’ingano y’ibiceri muri buri gice ni ingenzi. Gusukura kenshi ibikoresho by’ibumba n’ibikoresho bikanda hagati y’ibipimo birinda kwanduza ibiceri, bishobora gutera ihungabana ry’isesengura no kubogama.
Kugenzura ubwandu bikomezwa no guhitamo ibikoresho nka PVA, bigaragaza ko nta kintu na kimwe kibangamiye imiterere y’ibiceri kandi bikagirana isano ikomeye. Gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza ifu n’ibiceri buri gihe—hakoreshejwe uburyo nka vortex mixing cyangwa rotary blenders—bitanga ibiceri bifite uburyo buhamye bwo gufunga no gusesengura uburyo bwo gusesengura.
Kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo kongera umusaruro, koresha buri gihe uburyo bwo gupima no gupima uburemere bw'ibice by'ibipfunyika n'ibipimo by'icyitegererezo. Koresha uburyo bwo gutegura ifu butanga ingano y'uduce turi munsi ya µm 50 kugira ngo ugabanye ihindagurika ry'ibipfunyika. Ibikoresho nka metero zipima ubucucike bw'imirongo n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bya Lonnmeter bigira uruhare mu gutuma icyitegererezo gihoraho binyuze mu kugenzura imiterere y'ibipfunyika n'ibipimo by'icyitegererezo mbere yo gukanda, ukareba ko inzira zo gukora pellet zihamye.
Ahantu ho gukorera hasukuye kandi hagenzurwa—hatarimo uduce duto two mu kirere n'ifu isigaye—birinda kwanduzanya inyuma no kubangamirana hagati y'udusimba. Ikwirakwizwa ry'udusimba duto hamwe n'intambwe zisanzwe zo gukora byongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kumenya imirasire ya X n'uburyo bwo gusesengura.
Kugera ku Isuzuma ry'Uburyo Bwiza no Kunoza Uburyo bwo Gutahura Ibicurane
Ubumwe n'Ubumwe
Gukora utubumbe duto ni inkingi ya mwamba ya x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buryo bwo kumenya no gusuzuma neza. Iyo ifu y'icyitegererezo isya neza kandi igashyirwa hamwe n'ibipimo byiza byo gufatanya, buri gace k'utubumbe gatanga matrix ihamye y'imirasire ya X. Uku guhuza gutuma ingaruka zo kwinjiza no gukwirakwira zigumaho, bityo ibimenyetso n'ibintu bito bishobora kugaragara neza.
Mu mibare, iterambere mu bufatanye ritanga inyungu itangaje mu gupima kongera gupima. Urugero, isesengura ryiganjemo utubumbe twa geologiya dushyizwemo alukolo ya polyvinyl (PVA) ku gipimo gigenzurwa rigaragaza ko hari itandukaniro risanzwe mu bipimo by'ibintu by'ingenzi biri munsi ya 2%. Mu isuzuma ry'ibintu by'ingenzi, utubumbe twahuje neza bigabanya ihindagurika ry'ubukana kandi bigabanya ingaruka mbi zituruka ku bucucike cyangwa ubunini bw'utubumbe. Amakuru y'igerageza yemeza ko utubumbe twakanzwe duhora turusha ifu idafite ireme, hamwe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kumenya ibintu bifite ubucucike buke (nka fluorine cyangwa sodium) hamwe n'imirongo ihamye yo gupima. Uko ubunini bw'utubumbe bwiyongera, amakosa atunguranye kandi ashingiye ku buryo butandukanye bw'icyitegererezo aragabanuka, bigatuma icyizere cyo kubona ibintu by'ingenzi n'ibifite ubucucike gigabanuka.
Uruhare rw'ihitamo ry'ibikoresho bifunga amazi ni ingenzi. Inzoga ya polyvinyl (PVA) mu gipimo gigenzurwa neza itanga ubuziranenge bw'imikorere kandi ikubahiriza ikwirakwizwa ry'ibikoresho bya analyte. Ingano igenzurwa—ubusanzwe 20–30% ukurikije uburemere bw'ibikoresho bifunga—irinda kwangirika, gusenyuka, no gutandukana kw'ubucucike, bityo buri gacupa gatanga ishusho nyayo y'icyitegererezo cy'ingano. Gusya neza kugeza ku ngano y'uduce duto twa μm munsi ya 10 hagakurikiraho gukubana kw'umuvuduko mwinshi bikuraho icyuho cy'umwuka n'inenge z'imiterere, birushaho kongera ubuziranenge bw'ubuso bw'isesengura no kongera kubyara.
Kwemeza imibare
Kwemeza ukuri kw'isesengura no kumenya uburyo bwo gupima bishingira ku buryo bukomeye bwo gukoresha imibare. Laboratwari zikunze kwishingikiriza ku bipimo bisubirwamo byemewe (CRMs) kugira ngo zipime ubuziranenge (gusubiramo) n'ukuri (guhuza n'agaciro kemewe). Ku macupa yashyizwemo ibintu bigaragaza uburyo buhuye neza, gutandukana kw'ibipimo mu gihe cy'umunsi n'igihe cy'umunsi biguma munsi ya 2% ku bintu by'ingenzi, byemeza ko ibisubizo by'isesengura risanzwe n'iry'ibipimo bifatika bifatika cyane cyane iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa PVA bworoshye: "Ubuziranenge bw'amacupa n'ubudahangarwa bw'icyitegererezo bugezweho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa PVA bworoshye bituma ibipimo bya XRF bisubirwamo kandi neza bifite ihinduka riri munsi ya 2%.
Kwemeza imibare bikomeza hakoreshejwe imiyoboro yo gupima imiterere yubatswe mu bikoresho byinshi. Ibi bishyigikira icyizere mu kugena ibimenyetso by'ibice n'ibice bito, cyane cyane mu matrices zigoye zisaba imipaka mike yo kubona. Laboratwari kandi zisuzuma ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere nko kugabanya umubare, gusubiramo, gukomera ku ngaruka za matrices, no guhitamo neza, zigatuma pellets zateguwe zigumana ubuziranenge bwo gusesengura mu buryo burambuye. Kwemeza buri gihe, hamwe no kugenzura neza ibintu bihinduka mu miterere ya pellets, bishyigikira spectroscopy yizewe kandi ishobora kongera kugaragara ya x-ray fluorescence haba mu igenzura risanzwe no mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ikoreshwa ry’ubu buryo bwo gutegura pellets neza—cyane cyane mu kuvanga PVA binder, ingano nto y’uduce duto, no gushyira imbaraga mu byiciro—bituma pellets zimwe zifite X-ray zigumaho mu gihe cy’isesengura ryinshi. Ubu buryo bumwe, bwemejwe mu mibare, butuma habaho kunoza ubushobozi bwo kumva, bugashyigikira ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubukana bw’udukoko no kwizera cyane raporo z’ibanze zo mu rwego rwo hasi.
Gupima ibinini byikora no kugenzura umuyoboro ufunze mu gutegura ibinini
Uburyo bwo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ibipimo bwikora buri guhindura cyane uburyo bwo gutegura ibipimo bya pellets muri spectroscopy, cyane cyane muri laboratwari za X-ray fluorescence (XRF) zikora cyane. Mu gutegura icyitegererezo cya XRF, kongeramo ibipimo neza kandi bihoraho—byaba ibipimo by’amazi byo gukora ibipimo bya pellets cyangwa ibipimo bya polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)—bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bintu bihamye byo gushinga ibipimo bya pellets, ubuziranenge bw’ibipimo bya pellets, no ku buryo rusange bwo gusesengura. Sisitemu zo gupima zikora uburemere no kongeramo ibipimo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwateguwe neza, ibyo bigabanya itandukaniro ry’abantu n’amakosa. Ubwo buryo bwo kugenzura ni ingenzi mu gukumira gucika kw’ibipimo no kubungabunga ubucucike bushobora kongera kugaragara n’ubwiza bw’ubuso, ibimenyetso bigaragaza uburyo ibipimo bishobora kongera kugaragara muri spectroscopy.
Sisitemu zo kugenzura zifunganye zirushaho kuzamura ubuziranenge binyuze mu kugenzura no gushyiraho buri cyiciro cyo gukanda pellet. Izi sisitemu zihora zipima ibipimo by'imikorere—nk'imbaraga zo gukanda, igihe cyo kuba, n'ubushyuhe—mu gihe cyo gukora pellet. Guhindura ibintu bikorwa mu buryo bwikora mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo pellet yose igume mu madirishya akomeye yo kuyipima, kunoza uburyo bwo kuyimenya mu mirasire ya x no kugabanya ihindagurika ry'ingufu. Urugero, imiyoboro yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gufatana igenzura ubushyuhe bwiza bwo guhuza uduce duto, bikongera uburambe bwa pellet no kugabanya imyanda yo gufatana.
Guhuza ibikorwa byo gupima, gupima, no gukanda byikora ni inkingi y'ingenzi mu mikorere ihamye kandi isubiramo yo gukanda pellet. Mu buryo bufatika, imikorere itangirana na modules za dosing zateguwe mbere zitanga ingano nyayo y'ibifunga ku gipimo cy'ifu. Imbuga zo gupima za roboti cyangwa carousels zikora hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga hanyuma zemeza uburemere bw'ibipimo biri mu buryo bungana na milligramme, ndetse zigashingira ku bikoresho bigoye nka hygroscopic cyangwa deliquescent bifunga. Gutanga mu buryo butaziguye imashini zikora hifashishijwe hydraulic cyangwa servo-driven presses birangiza uruhererekane, bigatuma habaho imiterere y'umuvuduko umwe kandi bigatanga igihe cyo kubara kuri buri pellet.
Uku guhuza ibintu bituma habaho kongera gukora neza no gukoresha neza, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane cyane muri laboratwari nini za XRF. Mu guhuza gupima, gutanga ingero, no gukanda mu buryo bunoze, laboratwari zishobora gukora uduce duto tw’ibinyabutabire ku munsi nta ngaruka nyinshi zitangwa n’abakora. Iyi gahunda kandi ishyigikira kwaguka kwa modular: laboratwari zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane zishobora gushyiraho izindi nyubako zo gupima, urubuga rwo gupima, cyangwa imashini zikoreshwa hamwe uko icyifuzo kigenda cyiyongera.
Gukurikirana buri gihe—akenshi bishyigikiwe n'ibikoresho byo gupima biri ku murongo nkametero z'ubucucike uvuye Lonnmeter—bifasha gutanga ibitekerezo mu gihe nyacyo. Ibi bitekerezo bifasha mu gukora pellet nziza kuri XRF binyuze mu kubona vuba itandukaniro riri mu bucucike cyangwa ikwirakwizwa ry’ibice bifunga kandi bigatangira igikorwa cyo gukosora ako kanya mbere yuko habaho impinduka mu isesengura.
Igenzura ryikora ritanga kandi ahantu hatekanye muri laboratwari no kongera ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo iyo ukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo gufunga cyangwa ingero zigoye. Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gufunga kugira ngo ugire ubuzima bwiza, bigerwaho binyuze mu mikorere ikora mu buryo bwikora mu gihe nyacyo, bituma umusaruro mwiza w'isesengura uboneka kandi ukizera cyane mu gupima ibintu by'ibanze.
Imbonerahamwe n'amakuru yerekeye uburyo ibintu bikorwa mu bushakashatsi buherutse gusuzumwa n'urungano bigaragaza uburyo uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo ibipimo bikoreshwa mu gupima bigabanya ihindagurika ry'ubucucike bw'ibiceri kugeza munsi ya 1% mu byiciro binini by'ingero. Ubu buryo bwo guhagarara neza mu mikorere ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane urwego rw'ibipimo no kugereranya neza ibipimo, bigashimangira ibisubizo bya XRF byiza cyane.
Guhuza neza no gutanga ibitekerezo mu buryo bugezweho ubu ni byo bigena uburyo bugezweho bwo gukanda pellets mu isesengura rya spectroscopic. Gupima dosing mu buryo bwikora no kugenzura closed-loop si ibikoresho byorohereza abakozi gusa; ni byo bituma habaho isesengura ryihuse, ubuziranenge bw'imibare, n'imikorere myiza kandi ishoboka ya laboratwari.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Gupima imiterere y'urumuri rw'imirasire ya X-ray ni iki kandi kuki gukanda pellet ari ingenzi?
Ishusho ya X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) ni uburyo bwo gusesengura bukoreshwa mu kumenya no gupima ibintu biri mu kintu binyuze mu gupima isohoka rya atome za X-ray iyo ziturutse hanze. Gukanda pellet ni ingenzi kuko bihindura ingero z'ifu mo disiki nini kandi zihuye, bigatuma ibikoresho bikwirakwira neza. Ubugari n'ubuziranenge bw'agace gakandagiye bigabanya ubusumbane bwo hejuru bushobora gukwirakwiza X-ray, bigabanya amakosa yo gupima no guhindagurika. Gutegura pellet mu buryo buhoraho binoza uburyo bwo kumenya, bigatuma ibisubizo bya XRF biba byiza kandi bikongera gutangwa.
Ni gute ubwinshi bw'ibice bifunga bigira ingaruka ku kuntu pellet ikora neza no ku buziranenge bw'icyitegererezo?
Ubwinshi bw'ibice bifunga ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu miterere y'ibice bifunga. Ubwinshi bukabije bw'ibice bifunga butuma ibice bifunga bidakora neza bishobora gusenyuka cyangwa gucika, mu gihe ibice bifunga byinshi bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku miterere y'ibice bifunga bishobora guhindura uburyo bwo kumenya no gusesengura neza muri XRF. Kugereranya igipimo cy'ibice bifunga n'icyitegererezo bitanga imbaraga za mekanike n'uburyo icyitegererezo gihuye. Urugero, gukoresha neza ibice bifunga bishingiye kuri sitashi mu bice bifunga bya catalyst byongera imbaraga no kugumana ubusugire, mu gihe gufunga nabi bigabanya ubusugire ndetse no ku gipimo kinini cy'ibice bifunga. Gukoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo gufunga hakoreshejwe sisitemu zikora ku buryo bwikora birushaho gutuma ibice bifunga bikomeza, bigatuma ubusugire bw'icyitegererezo bukomeza gusesengura neza.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha inzoga ya polyvinyl (PVA) nk'ikintu gifunga amazi mu gutegura pellets?
Alcool ya Polyvinyl (PVA) ikora nk'igikoresho cyiza cyo gufata amazi mu gukora pellet. Gushonga kwayo mu mazi no kuvura amazi menshi byoroshya gukwirakwira no gufatana neza mu gihe cyo gukora pellet. Gukoresha PVA bigabanya ibyago byo kwanduzwa n'ibintu bito kandi bigafasha mu gukora pellet zikomeye kandi zidacika. PVA ifite uburemere buringaniye irushaho kuba nziza, yongera imbaraga z'icyatsi kibisi, kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo guhuza ndetse no mu gihe gito. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko PVA idakomeza gusa imbaraga zo gukanda no kudacika intege ahubwo inakomeza guhuza ingero—ni ingenzi mu gukora spectroscopy nyayo. Uburyo PVA ikora mu buryo butandukanye bw'ifu butuma iba nziza mu buryo bwo gutegura pellet ishingiye ku mazi.
Ni gute uburyo bwo gupima no gusesengura neza byanozwa mu gutegura pellets?
Gupima no gupima neza bishingiye ku ntambwe z'ingenzi: gusya neza icyitegererezo kugira ngo habeho ingano imwe y'uduce; gukoresha neza uburyo bwo gufunga uduce duto; no gukanda buri gihe kugira ngo hirindwe ubucucike. Gukoresha imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga bigabanya ihindagurika riterwa n'abantu, mu gihe sisitemu zo kugenzura zifunganye zigenzura ko ibipimo byo gutegura bikomeza gukurikiranwa no gukosorwa. Gukomeza kubungabunga ibyuma no gukurikiza amabwiriza byimbitse byongera ubwizerwe. Amahugurwa y'abakozi n'amabwiriza akomeye y'imikorere ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho isubiramo ry'imashini zikoresha ibyuma no gupima uduce duto. Ibi bikorwa binoza cyane umusaruro w'isesengura mu bikorwa bya XRF.
Ni izihe ngamba zisabwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko pellets zicika mu gihe cyo gutegura isesengura rya XRF?
Kugira ngo wirinde gusenyuka, koresha agakoresho gakwiye ko gufata ifu nka PVA ku rugero rwiza kandi urebe neza ko ifu n'agakoresho bivanze neza. Genzura imbaraga zo gukanda kugira ngo wirinde gushyuha cyane kandi ugenzure ubugari n'uburemere bya pellet kugira ngo bibe bingana. Shyira icyitegererezo mu buryo buhuye neza mbere yo gukanda, kandi wumishe pellet neza kugira ngo ukureho inenge ziterwa n'ubushuhe. Gukoresha icyuma gisya n'igipimisho gisukuye bigabanya umwanda, bishobora gutera gucika intege. Gukurikiza ibi bikorwa ntibituma pellet ikomera gusa ahubwo binanongerera ubushobozi bwo gupima pellet no kongera gupima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 11-2025
