Ubucucike bwa Bentonite Slurry
1. Gushyira mu byiciro n'imikorere y'urusenda
1.1 Gushyira mu byiciro
Bentonite, izwi kandi nka bentonite rock, ni ibuye ry'ibumba rifite ijanisha rinini rya montmorillonite, akenshi riba ririmo illite nke, kaolinite, zeolite, feldspar, calcite, nibindi. Bentonite ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu: bentonite ishingiye kuri sodium (ubutaka bwa alkali), bentonite ishingiye kuri calcium (ubutaka bwa alkali) n'ubutaka busanzwe bwo gukaraba (ubutaka bukomoka kuri aside). Muri byo, bentonite ishingiye kuri calcium ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro birimo bentonite ishingiye kuri calcium-sodium na bentonite ishingiye kuri calcium-magnesium.
1.2 Imikorere
1) Imiterere ifatika
Bentonite ni umweru n'umuhondo woroshye mu buryo busanzwe mu gihe igaragara no mu ibara ry'umukara woroshye, ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cyoroshye, ibara ry'umutuku wijimye, umukara, n'ibindi. Bentonite iratandukanye mu bukomere bitewe n'imiterere yayo.
2) Ibikubiye mu miterere y'ibinyabutabire
Ibice by'ingenzi bigize bentonite ni dioxyde silicon (SiO2), oxyde aluminiyumu (Al2O3) n'amazi (H2O). Ingano ya oxyde icyuma na oxyde manyeziyumu nabyo rimwe na rimwe biba byinshi, kandi kalisiyumu, sodiyumu na potasiyumu bikunze kugaragara muri bentonite mu bintu bitandukanye. Ingano ya Na2O na CaO muri bentonite igira itandukaniro ku miterere y'umubiri n'imiti, ndetse no ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibintu.
3) Imiterere y'ibintu bifatika n'ibikomoka kuri shimi
Bentonite igaragara neza mu buryo bwayo bwiza bwo gukuramo amazi, ni ukuvuga kwaguka nyuma yo gukurura amazi. Umubare w’ubwiyongere bw’amazi ujyana no gukurura amazi ugera ku nshuro 30. Ishobora gukwirakwizwa mu mazi kugira ngo ikore icyuma gikonjesha, thixotropic, kandi gisize amavuta. Ihinduka ikora neza kandi ikora neza nyuma yo kuvanga n’imyanda mito nk’amazi, ibitonyanga cyangwa umucanga. Ishobora kwinjiza imyuka itandukanye, ibinyobwa, n’ibintu bikomoka ku bimera, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi bushobora kugera ku nshuro 5 z’uburemere bwayo. Ubutaka bukoresha aside ikora ku buso bushobora kwinjiza ibintu bifite ibara.
Imiterere y’umubiri n’imiti ya bentonite ahanini iterwa n’ubwoko n’ibikubiye muri montmorillonite irimo. Muri rusange, bentonite ishingiye kuri sodium ifite imiterere ihanitse n’imiti ndetse n’imikorere myiza y’ikoranabuhanga kurusha bentonite ishingiye kuri kalisiyumu cyangwa manyeziyumu.
2. Gupima buri gihe Bentonite Slurry
ItsindaLonnmeterumurongobentoniteslurryubucucikeigipimoni interinetiIgipimo cy'ubucucike bw'ibinureikoreshwa cyane mu nganda. Ubucucike bw'ibicanwa bivuga ikigereranyo cy'uburemere bw'ibicanwa n'uburemere bw'amazi runaka. Ingano y'ubucucike bw'ibicanwa bipimirwa aho hantu biterwa n'uburemere bwose bw'ibicanwa n'ibitobo biri mu bicanwa. Uburemere bw'ibicanwa bigomba no gushyirwamo niba bihari.
3. Gukoresha urusenda mu bihe bitandukanye by'ubutaka
Biragoye gucukura umwobo mu miyoboro y’amazi, amabuye, utubuye n’uduce twacitse kugira ngo habeho imiterere mito yo guhuza hagati y’uturemangingo. Ipfundo ry’ikibazo riri mu kongera imbaraga zo guhuza hagati y’uturemangingo, kandi rifata urusenda nk’urukingo rurinda muri bene ubwo bwoko.
3.1 Ingaruka z'ubucucike bw'ibiceri ku muvuduko wo gucukura
Umuvuduko wo gucukura ugabanuka uko ubucucike bw'ibice by'amazi bwiyongera. Umuvuduko wo gucukura ugabanuka cyane, cyane cyane iyo ubucucike bw'ibice by'amazi buri hejuru ya 1.06-1.10 g / cm3Uko ubushyuhe bw'urutare burushaho kuba bwinshi, ni ko umuvuduko wo gucukura uba muke.
3.2 Ingaruka z'umucanga uri mu rubura ku gucukura
Ibice by'amabuye biri mu gishanga biteza ibyago mu gucukura, bigatera imyobo idasukuye neza hanyuma igafatirwa. Byongeye kandi, bishobora gutera gukurura no gukurura umuvuduko, bigatera kuva amazi cyangwa gusenyuka kw'amazi. Umucanga uba mwinshi kandi igishanga kiri mu mwobo ni kinini. Bituma urukuta rw'umwobo rusenyuka bitewe n'amazi, kandi biroroshye gutuma uruhu rw'igishanga rugwa bigatera impanuka mu mwobo. Muri icyo gihe, igishanga kinini gitera kwangirika gukomeye ku miyoboro, uduce two gucukura, amaboko ya silinda y'amazi, n'inkoni za piston, kandi igihe cyabyo ni gito. Kubwibyo, mu rwego rwo kwemeza ko igipimo cy'umuvuduko kigenda neza, ubucucike bw'igishanga n'umucanga bigomba kugabanuka uko bishoboka kose.
3.3 Ubucucike bw'ibitunguru mu butaka bworoshye
Mu butaka bworoshye, niba ubucucike bw'ibitaka buri hasi cyane cyangwa umuvuduko wo gucukura ukaba wihuta cyane, bizatuma imyobo isenyuka. Ubusanzwe ni byiza kugumisha ubucucike bw'ibitaka kuri 1.25g/cm3muri uru rwego rw'ubutaka.
4. Formula zisanzwe zo gusya
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'urusenda mu buhanga, ariko bushobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira hakurikijwe imiterere yabyo ya shimi. Uburyo bwo gupima ni ubu bukurikira:
4.1 Na-Cmc (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) Uduce duto tw'urusenda
Iyi slurry ni yo ikunze kongera ubukana bw'amazi, kandi Na-CMC igira uruhare mu kongera ubukana bw'amazi no kugabanya igihombo cy'amazi. Ifuru ni: garama 150-200 z'ibumba ry'ubukana bwiza, mililitiro 1000 z'amazi, kilogarama 5-10 z'ivu rya soda, na kilogarama 6 za Na-CMC. Imiterere y'ubukana ni: ubucucike 1.07-1.1 g/cm3, ubukana 25-35s, igihombo cy'amazi kiri munsi ya mililitiro 12/30, agaciro ka pH kagera kuri 9.5.
4.2 Ubutare bwa Chromium Umunyu-Na-Cmc Umunyu
Iyi slurry ifite ubushobozi bwo kongera ubukana n'ubudahangarwa, kandi umunyu wa chromium y'icyuma ugira uruhare mu gukumira gushonga. Ifuru ni: 200g z'ibumba, 1000ml z'amazi, hafi 20% byongewemo umuti wa alkali nziza ku kigero cya 50%, 0.5% byongewemo umuti wa ferrochromium ku kigero cya 20%, na 0.1% Na-CMC. Imiterere y'urusenda ni: ubucucike 1.10 g/cm3, ubucucike 25s, gutakaza amazi 12ml/30min, pH 9.
4.3 Uduce duto twa Lignin Sulfonate
Sulfonate ya Lignin ikomoka ku gishishwa cya sulfite kandi muri rusange ikoreshwa hamwe n’ikintu gikoreshwa mu gukata amakara mu gukemura ikibazo cyo kugabanya amazi no kubura amazi bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe. Uburyo bwo gukata amakara ni ibumba rya kilogarama 100-200, amazi ya sulfite ya kilogarama 30-40, ikintu gikoreshwa mu gukata amakara cya kilogarama 10-20, NaOH ya kilogarama 5-10, defoamer ya kilogarama 5-10, na Litiro 900-1000 z’amazi kuri 1m3 y’ubushyuhe. Imiterere y’ubushyuhe ni: ubucucike 1.06-1.20 g/cm3, ubushyuhe bwa funnel 18-40s, ubushyuhe bw’amazi 5-10ml/iminota 30, na Na-CMC ya kilogarama 0.1-0.3 ishobora kongerwamo mu gihe cyo gucukura kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe bw’amazi.
4.4 Uduce duto twa aside humic
Ifu ya aside humic ikoresha igikoresho cya alkali y'amakara cyangwa sodium humate nk'ikintu gikomeza ubuziranenge. Ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho byo kuvura nka Na-CMC. Uburyo bwo gutegura ifu ya aside humic ni ugushyiramo 150-200kg igikoresho cya alkali y'amakara (uburemere bwumutse), 3-5kg Na2CO3, na 900-1000L y'amazi kuri 1m3 y'ifu ya aside humic. Imiterere y'ifu ya aside humic: ubucucike 1.03-1.20 g/cm3, igihombo cy'amazi 4-10ml/min 30, pH 9.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-12-2025
