Igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'amazi mu rwego rwo kunoza uburyo bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere
CGutwika ibikomoka kuri peteroli bitanga umusaruro mwinshi ku bidukikije: dioxyde de sulfur (SO₂) gaze, aho sulfure irenga 95% iri muri lisansi ihindukaSO₂mu bihe bisanzwe by'imikorere. Iyi gaze ihumanya ikirere cyane, igira uruhare mu imvura ihumanya ikirere kandi igateza ibibazo bikomeye ku buzima bw'abantu, umurage w'umuco, ndetse n'ibidukikije.miigituzaishami ofimyuka ihumanya ikirere yatumye hakoreshwainzira yo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirereikoranabuhanga.
Gutandukanya inzira zo gukuraho isukari no gusibanganya
Mu kiganiro cyo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere igezweho, hagomba gusobanurwa itandukaniro rigaragara hagatiinzira yo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirerenainzira yo gukuraho isukuNubwo byombi ari ingenzi mu kubahiriza ibidukikije, byibanda ku bihumanya ikirere bitandukanye kandi bigakora ku mahame atandukanye.inzira yo gukuraho isukuyagenewe by'umwihariko gukuraho ogiside za azote (NOx). Ibi bikunze kugerwaho binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga nka Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) cyangwa Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), byoroshya ihinduka rya NOx muri azote idafite molekile.
The inzira yo gukuraho sulfure, nk'uko byashyizwe mu bikorwa muriWFGDsisitemu, inyunyuza aside mu buryo bwa shimiSO₂gaze ikoresha uburyo bwa alkaline. Nubwo sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zigezweho, nka SNOX, zagenewe gukuraho icyarimwe oxyde za sulfur na azote, uburyo bwazo bushingiyeho buracyari inzira zitandukanye za shimi. Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho imiterere myiza ya sisitemu n'ingamba z'imikorere, kuko ibipimo byo gupima no kugenzura buri gikorwa ari umwihariko.
Icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'urutare
Umutima w'WFGDsisitemu niyo ifata umwuka, ahoSO₂Imyuka y'amazi yuzuye izamuka inyuze mu gihu kinini cyangwa isuka y'urusenda rwa alkaline, ubusanzwe ikaba ari uruvange rw'amabuye y'agaciro n'amazi yakuwemo neza. Ubushobozi n'ubudahangarwa bw'iyi mikoranire y'ibinyabutabire bishingiye ku miterere y'ibinyabutabire n'imiti by'urusenda ubwarwo. Imiterere yarwo irahinduka kandi igoye, irimo uduce duto twa limestone na gypsum, ubwoko bw'ibinyabutabire byashongeshejwe nka calcium na sulfate ions, hamwe n'imyanda nka chloride. Nubwo ingamba gakondo zo kugenzura zashingiye ku bipimo nka pH kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'urusenda, hakenewe uburyo burambuye bwo kugera ku buhanga nyakuri mu mikorere. Aha niho gupima ubucucike bw'amazi kuri interineti bigaragarira nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi. Bitanga igipimo cy'ubunini butaziguye bw'ingano y'ibintu byose bikomeye - ikintu kigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibisubizo, ubwizigirwa bw'ibikoresho, n'ubukungu bw'imikorere mu buryo ibindi bipimo bitashobora. Mu kurenga uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu byoroshye, injeniyeri zishobora gufungura ubushobozi bwose bw'ibyoinzira yo gukuraho sulfurebinyuze mu gutuma impinduka itagaragara y'ubucucike bw'urubura iba ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere.
Ufite ibibazo bijyanye no kunoza inzira zo gukora umusaruro？
Ihuriro ry'ibinyabutabire n'ibifatika bya WFGD Slurry Dynamics
Inzira y'ibara rya Limestone-Gypsum Cascade
ItsindaWFGDUburyo bwo gukoresha limestone-gypsum ni uburyo bugezweho bwo gukoresha amahame y’ubuhanga mu by’imiti agamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya. Urugendo rutangirira mu gikoresho cyo gutegura ibitaka aho limestone isya neza (CaCO₃) ivangwa n’amazi. Iyi metastone ishyirwa ku munara w’ibitaka, aho iterwa hasi. Mu gitaka,SO₂Gazi yinjizwa n'uruvange rw'amazi, bigatera urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa bya shimi. Uburyo bwa mbere bwo gukora sulfite ya kalisiyumu (CaSO₃), hanyuma igashyirwamo ogisijeni n'umwuka winjijwe mu kigega cy'ibikorwa. Ubu buryo bwo kugabanya ogisijeni buhindura sulfite ya kalisiyumu mo dihydrate ya kalisiyumu ihamye, cyangwa gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), umusaruro ushobora kugurishwa ukoreshwa mu nganda z'ubwubatsi. Uburyo rusange bwo gukora bushobora koroshywa mu buryo bukurikira:
SO2(g)+CaCO3(s)+21O2(g)+2H2O(l)→CaSO4⋅2H2O(s)+CO2(g)
Guhindura imyanda mo umutungo kamere ni inkunga ikomeye mu bukungu no mu bidukikije, bifasha mu buryo butaziguye ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga.
Slurry nk'uburyo bukoresha ibice byinshi, uburyo buhinduka
Urusenda ni uruvange rurenze kure uruvange rw'amazi n'amabuye y'agaciro. Ni ahantu hagoye kandi hafite ibyiciro byinshi aho ubucucike bukorwa n'ibintu bikomeye bihagaze—harimo amabuye y'agaciro adakora, kristu nshya za gypsum, n'ivu risigaye—hamwe n'imyunyungugu yashongeshejwe na gaze ifunguye. Ubucucike bw'ibi bice buhora buhindagurika, bugaterwa n'ibintu nk'ubwiza bw'amakara yinjira, imikorere y'ibikoresho bikuraho uduce duto two hejuru nk'ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi, n'amazi yo kwisiga. Ubusembwa bw'ingenzi bugomba gucungwa ni ingano ya chloride, ishobora guturuka ku makara, amazi yo kwisiga, cyangwa gukonjesha umunara. Chloride zigira calcium chloride isobeka (CaCl₂) mu rusenda, ishobora gukumira gushonga kw'amabuye y'agaciro no kugabanya imikorere yo gusohora sulfuri muri rusange. Ubucucike bwinshi bwa chloride butera ibyago bikomeye byo kwihutisha ingese no kwangirika kw'ibice by'icyuma bya sisitemu, bigasaba ko habaho gusukura guhoraho kugira ngo ibidukikije bikomeze kuba byiza kandi bihamye. Ubushobozi bwo gupima neza kandi buri gihe ubucucike bw'uru ruvange ruhindagurika ni ingenzi cyane ku busugire bw'isi.
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guhuza ubucucike, pH, n'ingano y'uduce
Muriinzira yo gukuraho sulfure, uburyo ibintu bigenda bihinduka mu buryo bw’imiti butuma umuntu yumva neza ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano. Urugero, ubunini bw’uduce twa limestone ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi gituma habaho gushonga. Imestone ishongeshejwe neza ishonga vuba cyane kurusha iy’ikomeye, bigatuma habaho kunozaSO₂Igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, pH y'urusenda ni igipimo cy'ibanze cyo kugenzura, akenshi kiba kiri hagati ya 5.7 na 6.8. pH iri hasi cyane (munsi ya 5) ituma icyuma cyo gukaraba kidakora neza, mu gihe pH iri hejuru cyane (hejuru ya 7.5) ishobora gutuma habaho ingano ya CaCO₃ na CaSO₄ ishobora kuziba imiyoboro n'ibindi bikoresho.
Ingamba zisanzwe zo kugenzura zishingiye ku kongeramo amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo pH ikomeze kuba ihoraho, ariko ubu buryo ni ubworoshye butita ku bipimo by'amazi y'urutare. Nubwo pH itanga amakuru ku bushobozi bw'amazi y'urutare, ntabwo ipima mu buryo butaziguye ubwinshi bw'ibinyabutabire n'ibikomoka kuri yo. Isano iri hagati ya pH n'ubucucike itanga urugero rwiza rw'uburyo bwo kugenzura buhanitse. pH iri hejuru, ifite akamaro mu gukuraho SO₂, ibangamira cyane umuvuduko w'amazi y'urutare. Ibi bitera imvururu z'ibanze mu mikorere. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa gupima ubucucike mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo mu murongo wo kugenzura, abahanga babona igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'ibintu bikomeye biri mu rutare, harimo n'uduce tw'amabuye y'agaciro na gypsum. Aya makuru atuma habaho gusobanukirwa neza ubuzima bw'urutare, kuko ubucucike bwiyongera butagaragara mu mpinduka muri pH bushobora kugaragaza ubwiyongere bw'ibintu bikomeye bitarakorwa cyangwa ikibazo cyo kuva mu mazi. Uku gusobanukirwa kwimbitse gutuma umuntu ahinduka kuva ku gusubiza gusa pH iri hasi kugeza ku gucunga neza uburinganire bw'ibintu bikomeye bya sisitemu, bityo akamenya imikorere ihoraho, kugabanya kwangirika, no kunoza ikoreshwa rya reagent.
VIbikoresho by'ubucucike busesuyeMonitorinig
Kunoza no Gukoresha Uburyo Bwiza mu Gutwara Ingendo
Gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo ni ingenzi muWFGDGutunganya ibikorwa. Uku kuringaniza ibintu birinda gusesagura cyane, bigatuma ibikoresho bikoreshwa bigabanuka kandi bigatakaza amafaranga menshi mu bikorwa.inzira yo gukuraho sulfurebipimirwa n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugumanaSO₂Igipimo cy’imyuka ihumanya, ku nyubako nyinshi nshya, kidakwiye kurenza 400 mg/m³. Urwego rwo kugenzura ubucucike rwerekana ko sisitemu ikora neza cyane kugira ngo ihuze neza ibi bipimo by’ingenzi by’imyuka ihumanya.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho no kuramba
Imiterere y’ubukana bw’ibidukikije bya WFGD ikomeza guteza akaga ku buryo buhoraho ku buryo ibikoresho byizewe. Ubushyuhe bukabije kandi butera kwangirika gukomeye kwa mashini no kwangirika kwa shimi ku mashini zikoresha pompe, valves, n'ibindi bice. Mu gukomeza ubucucike bw’ubushyuhe mu rugero rugenzurwa neza (urugero, 1080–1150 kg/m³), abakoresha bashobora gukumira ikorwa ry’ibipimo. Ibi ni ingenzi, kuko kuzura cyane kwa calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru yo gukurura no gushyiramo ibipimo, bishobora kuziba utubuto, imiyoboro yo gusukura, n’ibikoresho bikuraho ubushyuhe. Ingaruka zitaziguye z’uku gukurura ni igihe kinini kitateganijwe cyo gusukura no gukuraho ibipimo, ibyo bikaba bihenze kandi bibangamira.
Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura no kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibitaka nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu kurinda kwangirika no kwangirika. Mu gukoresha amakuru y'ubucucike mu kugenzura umuvuduko w'ibitaka, ababikora bashobora kugabanya kwangirika kw'imashini ku mashini zikoresha pompe na valve. Byongeye kandi, kugenzura ubucucike bifasha gucunga ubwinshi bw'ibintu byangiza nka chloride. Igipimo cyo hejuru cya chloride gishobora kwihutisha cyane kwangirika kw'ibice by'icyuma, bigasaba ko amazi akoreshwa mu kubikuraho ahenze. Mu gukoresha icyuma gipima ubucucike kugira ngo gikurikirane ibi bipimo, uruganda rushobora kunoza inzira yo gusukura, bityo bikagabanya imyanda y'amazi no gukumira ko ibikoresho byangirika vuba. Ibi si ikibazo cyo kudahungabana gusa; ni ishoramari rikomeye mu kurama kw'umutungo w'uruganda, bigagabanya mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga.
Agaciro k'ubukungu n'ingamba
Agaciro k'ubukungu bw'uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike bwo kuri interineti karenze kure ingaruka z'imikorere yabwo yihuse. Amafaranga y'ibanze akoreshwa ku cyuma gipima imikorere myiza ni ishoramari ry'ingenzi ritanga inyungu zifatika. Mu kunoza ikoreshwa ry'ibipimo bya reagent, uruganda rushobora kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ryarwo rya limestone, ari na cyo giciro gikomeye mu mikorere. Kugabanya iki giciro no kwemeza ko byubahirizwa ku mahame ngenderwaho y'ibyuka bihumanya ni ikibazo cy'intego ebyiri gishingiye ku buryo bwo kunoza imikorere, uburyo bwo kugenzura bugezweho bwagenewe gukemura.
Byongeye kandi, kugenzura neza ubucucike byongera agaciro k'umusaruro wa WFGD. Ubuziranenge bwa gypsum, bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwinshi bw'ibice by ...inzira yo gukuraho sulfureno kugira uruhare mu mikorere irambye. Ubushobozi bw'amakuru y'ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo bwo gukumira gufunga ibintu bitateganijwe no kwangirika nabyo birinda inyungu z'uruganda binyuze mu kwemeza ko umusaruro uhoraho kandi udasibangana. Ishoramari rya mbere mu cyuma gipima ubucucike bwiza si ikiguzi gusa; ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'imikorere ihendutse, yizewe kandi ifite inshingano ku bidukikije.
ComparisionIkoranabuhanga ryo Gupima Ubucucike kuri Interineti
Amahame shingiro n'imbogamizi
Guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye ryo gupima ubucucike kuri interineti kuri sisitemu ya WFGD ni icyemezo cy'ingenzi cy'ubuhanga gipima ikiguzi, ubuziranenge, n'ubudahangarwa bw'imikorere. Imiterere y'urubura, ikara cyane, kandi ihinduka, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo imyuka no gukora ibibuno, bitera imbogamizi zikomeye ku byuma byinshi bipima. Kuba hari ibibuno ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane, kuko bishobora kubangamira mu buryo butaziguye ihame ryo gupima ibibuno, bigatuma habaho isesengura ritari ryo. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryiza ntirigomba kuba risobanutse gusa ahubwo rigomba no kuba rikomeye kandi rigenewe kwihanganira imimerere mibi y'ibibuno.inzira yo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Igipimo cy'umuvuduko utandukanye (DP)
Uburyo bwo gupima igitutu gitandukanye bushingiye ku ihame rya hydrostatic kugira ngo hamenyekane ubucucike bw'amazi. Bupima itandukaniro ry'igitutu hagati y'ingingo ebyiri ku ntera izwi mu mazi. Nubwo iri ari ikoranabuhanga rikuze kandi rizwi cyane, ikoreshwa ryaryo mu miyoboro ya WFGD ni rike. Imirongo ya impulse ihuza sensor n'amazi yo mu nzira ishobora kuziba cyane no kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, iri hame rikunze gufata ubucucike bw'amazi buhoraho kugira ngo harebwe urwego uhereye ku gitutu, igitekerezo kidakwiye mu miyoboro ya dynamic, multiphase. Nubwo imiterere imwe n'imwe igezweho ikoresha transmitters ebyiri kugira ngo igabanye ibi bibazo, ibyago byo kuziba no kubungabunga biracyari imbogamizi zikomeye.
Igipimo cya Gamma-Ray (Radiometric)
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'imirasire ya Gamma bikora ku ihame ryo kudakoraho, aho isoko y'imirasire (urugero, Cesium-137) isohora gamma fotoni zigabanuka iyo zinyuze mu mazi y'imikorere. Iki gipimo gipima ingano y'imirasire inyura mu muyoboro, kandi ubucucike bungana mu buryo bunyuranye n'ubu busobanuro. Akamaro k'ingenzi k'ubu buryo ni ubudahangarwa bwabwo bwose ku bintu bitera ubucucike, kwangirika, no kwangiza by'urusenda, kuko sensor ishyirwa hanze ku muyoboro. Nta muyoboro unyura inyuma cyangwa ngo uhuze n'amazi y'imikorere. Ariko, ibipimo by'imirasire ya gamma bizana ikiguzi kinini cyo gutunga bitewe n'amategeko akomeye y'umutekano, ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ahabwe uruhushya, ndetse no gukenera abakozi b'inzobere mu gucunga no guta imyanda. Ibi byatumye abakora uruganda benshi bashaka ubundi buryo butari ubwa kirimbuzi.
Igipimo cy'iforogo/Resonator ihindagurika
Ubu buryo bukoresha iforogo cyangwa resonator ishishikajwe no kunyeganyega ku muvuduko wayo usanzwe. Iyo winjijwe mu mazi cyangwaurusenda, iyi frequency irahinduka, hamwe n'ubucucike bwinshi butuma habaho frequency nke yo guhindagura. Imiterere ikomeye kandi itaziguye ya sensor ituma ikoreshwa mu gupima mu buryo buhoraho, mu gihe nyacyo mu miyoboro cyangwa mu matangi. Nta bice byimuka bifite, ibyo bikaba byoroshya kubungabunga. Ariko, iyi tekinoroji ntiburamo imbogamizi. Ishobora kwibasirwa n'udusimba twa gaze, dushobora guteza amakosa akomeye yo gupima. Nanone ishobora kwangirika no gusigwa, kuko ubwinshi bw'udusimba ku dusimba bushobora guhindura frequency ya resonance no kubangamira imiterere. Gushyiraho neza udusimba duhagaze ni ingenzi kugira ngo bigabanye ibi bibazo.
Igipimo cya Coriolis
Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi cya Coriolis ni igikoresho gishobora gupima icyarimwe urujya n'uruza rw'amazi, ubucucike, n'ubushyuhe mu buryo bunonosoye cyane. Iri hame rishingiye ku mbaraga za Coriolis zikorwa mu gihe amazi atembera mu muyoboro unyeganyega. Ubucucike bw'amazi bugenwa no kugenzura inshuro zihuza umuyoboro, bugabanuka uko ubucucike bwiyongera. Iri koranabuhanga ryagaragaye nk'uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha mu buryo butari ubw'ingufu za kirimbuzi mu bikorwa bigoye nka WFGD. Inyigo ikomeye igaragaza ikoreshwa ryiza rya meter ya Coriolis ifite igishushanyo kimwe cy'umuyoboro ugororotse n'umuyoboro wa titanium sensor. Iyi miterere yihariye ikemura neza ibibazo byo kwangirika no kuziba bikunze kugaragara mu miyoboro, mu gihe ubuziranenge bwinshi n'umusaruro mwinshi bitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura neza inzira. Intambwe y'ingenzi yo gufata ikoranabuhanga ritari ubw'ingufu za kirimbuzi nka metero za Coriolis igaragaza impinduka ikomeye kuva ku ihahirana ry'amateka hagati yo kwizerwa n'ikiguzi, itanga igisubizo kimwe gikomeye, cyuzuye kandi gitekanye.
Guhitamo igipimo cy’ubucucike mu ikoreshwa rya WFGD bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse ry’imbaraga n’intege nke za buri koranabuhanga mu rwego rw’imiterere yihariye y’urusenda.
Igereranya ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubucucike kuri interineti kuri WFGD Slurries
| Ikoranabuhanga | Ihame ry'imikorere | Ibyiza by'ingenzi | Ingorane z'ingenzi n'imbogamizi | Uburyo WFGD ikoreshwa n'inyandiko |
| Igitutu cy'itandukaniro (DP) | Itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko wa hydrostatic hagati y'ingingo ebyiri | Ikuze, ihendutse, isanzwe | Ishobora kugira inzitizi kandi ntigire na kimwe gihindagurika, isaba ko habaho ubwinshi buhoraho bw'ibipimo | Muri rusange ntibikwiriye ku mavuta ya WFGD bitewe n'ingaruka zo kuziba. Bisaba kwitabwaho cyane. |
| Gamma-Ray (Radiyometrike) | Kudakoraho, bipima uburyo imirasire igabanuka | Ubudahangarwa ku kwangirika, ingese, na pH itera indwara; nta mpamvu yo gukoresha imiyoboro inyuramo | Ikiguzi kinini cyo gutunga ibintu, umutwaro ukomeye w'amategeko n'umutekano | Yakoreshejwe kera bitewe n’ubudahangarwa ku miterere mibi y’ikirere. Ikiguzi cyo gukora kirimo gutuma abantu bahindura uburyo. |
| Iforogo/Resonateri Ihindagurika | Inshuro zo gutigita zijyanye n'ubucucike | Ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika, ishyirwa mu buryo butaziguye, idakorerwa isuku cyane | Ishobora kwanduzwa n'amakosa aturuka ku mwuka/udupira tw'umwuka; ishobora kwanduzwa no gutwikirwa | Ikoreshwa mu gupima ubucucike bw'ibishishwa by'indimu n'ubucucike bwa gypsum. Gushyiraho neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe kuziba no gushwanyagurika. |
| Korioli | Apima imbaraga za Coriolis ku muyoboro unyeganyega | Ihindagurika cyane (uburemere, ubucucike, ubushyuhe), ubuziranenge bwo hejuru | Igiciro cy'ibanze kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ibindi bipimo biri ku murongo; bisaba igishushanyo cyihariye cy'ibikoresho byo gukurura | Ikora neza cyane iyo ikoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuyoboro ugororotse n'ibikoresho birwanya kwangirika nka titaniyumu. Ni ubundi buryo bwiza butari ubw'ingufu za kirimbuzi. |
| Ikoranabuhanga Rigezweho | Accelerometer, Ultrasonic Spectroscopy | Ntirikoreshwa mu nganda za kirimbuzi, rirwanya cyane kwangirika, kandi ntirikoreshwa neza | Kwakirwa mu nganda guke cyane; imbogamizi zihariye ku ikoreshwa ryabyo | Tanga uburyo bwiza, buhendutse kandi bwizewe bwo gukoresha mu gusya ibintu bigoye cyane. |
Ibisubizo by'Ubwubatsi ku Bidukikije Biteye Urwango
Guhitamo ibikoresho nk'umurongo wa mbere w'ubwirinzi
Imiterere ikabije y'imikorere muriWFGDSisitemu isaba igisubizo cy’ubuhanga. Iki gitereko ntigitera gusa kwangirika ahubwo gishobora no kwangiza cyane, cyane cyane iyo gifite urugero rwa kolori rwinshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukoresha pompe, valves, na pipe ni wo murongo wa mbere kandi w’ingenzi wo kwirinda. Kugira ngo ukoreshe uburyo bwo kuzenguruka cyane kw’iki gitereko, pompe z’icyuma gikomeye cyangwa za rubber ni amahitamo meza, kuko imiterere yazo ikomeye ishobora kwihanganira kwangirika guhoraho kw’ibintu bikomeye bimanitse. Valve, cyane cyane valves nini zo mu icyuma, zigomba kugenwa hamwe n’ibikoresho byavuguruwe, nk’imiyoboro ya urethane ishobora gusimburwa n’igishushanyo gikomeye cya scraper, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyuma bikomeza kwiyongera no gutuma biramba. Ku mirongo mito, valves za diaphragm zifite imiyoboro minini ya rubber zitanga igisubizo cyizewe kandi gihendutse. Uretse ibi bice, imiyoboro y’icyuma ubwayo ikunze gukoresha alloys zihariye cyangwa imiyoboro irwanya ingese kugira ngo ihangane n’ibidukikije bikaze kandi bikungahaye kuri koloride.
Uburinzi bw'amasensa n'igishushanyo mbonera cyiza cyo gushyiraho
Ubushobozi bwa sensor iyo ari yo yose ikoresha interineti bushingiye ku bushobozi bwayo bwo kubaho no gukora mu kirere kibi cya WFGD. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imiterere n'imitangire ya sensor ni ingenzi cyane. Sensors zigezweho zikoresha ibintu bigezweho mu kurwanya ubunini n'ubusa. Urugero, igishushanyo kimwe cya metero imwe ya Coriolis kirinda kuziba kuko kiba cyikuramo amazi kandi kirinda gutakaza umuvuduko. Sensors akenshi ziba zikozwe mu bikoresho biramba cyane nka titaniyumu kugira ngo zidasaza. Amwe mu makoranabuhanga mashya, nka sensors zimwe na zimwe zikoresha ubusa, zirimo "harmonics zikoresha ubusa" zikoresha ubusatsi kugira ngo zibuze ko ubusatsi bushyirwa ku gice cy'icyuma, bigatuma isuzuma rikomeza kandi neza nta mpamvu yo gusukura intoki.
Gushyiraho neza ni ingenzi cyane. Ku miyoboro minini y'umurambararo (urugero, santimetero 3 cyangwa zirenga), ni ngombwa gushyiraho T-Piece kugira ngo hamenyekane icyitegererezo cy'ingero. Sensor igomba gushyirwa ku nguni ituma ishobora kwikuramo amazi. Byongeye kandi, kugumana umuvuduko mwiza w'amazi—uhagije kugira ngo ibintu bikomeye bigume mu cyuma gifatirwamo (urugero, m 3/s) ariko bitarenze cyane ku buryo byatera isuri ikabije (urugero, hejuru ya m 5/s)—ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza kandi ikore neza igihe kirekire.
Kugabanya ikibazo cyo gupima
Uretse kwangirika kwa mekanike, ibipimo by'ubucucike bishobora kwangizwa n'ibintu bifatika nko gukurura umwuka. Uduce duto duturuka mu mwuka wa oxidation, ukomeza kwinjizwa muri sisitemu, dushobora kwinjira mu gishanga bigatuma habaho isesengura ritari ryo. Iki ni ikibazo cyihariye ku byuma bipima, bishingiye ku bunini bw'amazi kugira ngo bimenye ubucucike. Uburyo bworoshye ariko bunoze bwo gukora ni ukureba neza ko utubumbe twa sensor twerekeje mu buryo buhagaze, bigatuma umwuka wa environment uzamuka kandi ugasohoka, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka zawo ku bipimo. Nubwo ari ingaruka zitaziguye za fiziki, iri hinduka ryoroshye rigaragaza akamaro ko gushyiraho neza mu kwemeza ko n'ibikoresho bikomeye cyane ari inyangamugayo.
Guhuza no kugenzura ibikorwa mu buryo bugezweho
Gutegura Umuyoboro w'Igenzura
Agaciro nyakuri k'ubucucike bw'amazi kuri interineti kagaragara iyo amakuru yayo yinjijwe mu buryo bwo kugenzura uruganda. Ibipimo by'ubucucike bitanga ibimenyetso bisanzwe bisohoka, nka 4-20 mA analog output cyangwa RS485 MODBUS communication, bishobora gushyirwa mu buryo butagorama muri Distributed Control System (DCS) cyangwa Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Mu buryo bw'ibanze bwo kugenzura, ikimenyetso cy'ubucucike gikoreshwa mu kwihutisha imicungire y'ibice by ...
Uburyo bwo Guhinduranya Ibintu mu Nyinshi
Nubwo umurongo wigenga wo kugenzura ubucucike ari ingirakamaro, imbaraga zawo ziyongera iyo zibaye igice cy’uburyo burambuye kandi buhindagurika. Muri ubwo buryo buhuriweho, amakuru y’ubucucike ahuzwa kandi agakoreshwa mu kuzuza ibindi bipimo by’ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ishusho yuzuye y’uburyo bwo gukuraho sulfur. Urugero, ibipimo by’ubucucike bishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n’ibikoresho bya pH. Kugabanuka gutunguranye kwa pH bishobora kwerekana ko hakenewe limestone nyinshi, ariko kugabanuka gutunguranye kwa pH byagaragaza ikibazo kinini ku biryo by’amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa ikibazo cyo gukuraho amazi gisaba igikorwa gishya cyo gukosora. Ku rundi ruhande, kwiyongera k’ubucucike budafite igabanuka rijyanye na pH bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo ku gukura kwa oxidation y’icyuma gifata cyangwa gukura kwa gypsum crystal, igihe kirekire mbere yuko SO₂ ikuramo imikorere igaragara.
Byongeye kandi, guhuza ubucucike n'igipimo cy'amazi bituma habarwa uburyo amazi agenda, ibyo bikaba bitanga ishusho nyayo y'uburyo ibintu biringaniye n'umuvuduko w'amazi anyuramo kurusha uko amazi agenda gusa. Urwego rwo hejuru rwo guhuza amakuru y'ubucucike n'amazi agenda anyuramo ruhuza amakuru y'ubucucike n'amazi agenda anyuramo n'ibipimo byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi, nk'aho amazi yinjira.SO₂gucukumbura no kugabanya ubushyuhe (ORP), bituma habaho ingamba nziza zo kugenzura zigumana imbaraga nyinshiSO₂imikorere myiza yo gukuraho ariko bigabanye ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu.
Gutunganya no Kubungabunga Ibitekerezo Bishingiye ku Makuru
Ahazaza haWFGDIgenzura ry’imikorere riri kugenda rirenga imiyoboro isanzwe ikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu. Urujya n’uruza rw’amakuru meza aturuka mu bipimo by’ubucucike kuri interineti n’ibindi bipima bitanga ishingiro ry’uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru bukoresha imashini ziga ubwenge n’ubwenge bw’ubukorano. Izi moderi zigezweho zishobora kwinjiza amakuru menshi ya kera n’ayo mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo hamenyekane ibipimo byiza by’imikorere mu bihe bitandukanye, nko guhinduka kw’amakara cyangwa imitwaro itandukanye y’ibikoresho.
Ubu buryo bugezweho bugaragaza impinduka y'ibanze mu mikorere. Aho kugira ngo habeho gusa ikibazo kigaragaza ko hari parameter itari ku rwego rwayo, izi sisitemu zishobora guhanura itangira ry'ikibazo no guhindura parameters kugira ngo zigikumirwe. Intego y'ibanze y'izi moderi ni ugushyira imbere intego nyinshi, rimwe na rimwe zivuguruzanya, icyarimwe, nko kugabanyainzira yo gukuraho sulfureikiguzi no kugabanyaSO₂imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Mu gusesengura buri gihe "urutoki" rw'amakuru y'imikorere y'uruganda, harimo n'ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa, ubu buryo bushobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ubudahangarwa n'ubushobozi mu bukungu.
Amakuru n'isesengura byagaragajwe muri iyi raporo bigaragaza ko gupima neza ubucucike bw'amazi kuri interineti atari ikintu cy'ingenzi gikenewe ahubwo ari igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kugera ku buhanga mu mikorere ya sisitemu yo gusohora gazi mu mazi.
