I. Ishingiro ry'ubucucike mu gutandukanya hydrocarbon
Uburyo amavuta atembabuzi akoreshwa mu gutunganya amavuta atembabuzi—uburyo bukubiye muUburyo bwo gukuramo umunyu mu mavuta mabi no kuyakuraho(D/D/D)—ni imwe mu ntambwe z'ingenzi kandi zihenze cyane mu gukora no gutunganya hydrocarbon. Izi nzira zifite akamaro kanini, kuko kunanirwa gutandukanya neza amazi n'umunyu byangiza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa kandi bigashyira mu kaga ibikorwa byo gutunganya ibyuma biva mu nganda binyuze mu kwangirika kw'ingufu no guhagarika ibikorwa bya catalyst.
Ubushyuhe bwemewe nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyane, cy'igihe nyacyo cy'uburyo bwo gutandukana kw'ibintu n'ibindiemulsionUbudahangarwa. Emulsion ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ikora nk'uruzitiro rufatika, ikabuza cyane guhagarara kw'ibitonyanga by'amazi bitatanye no guhuza amazi.
Ariko, aho D/D/D ikorera—irangwa n’umuvuduko ukabije, ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwangirika, no kuba hari amazi menshi atari Newtonian—bituma uburyo gakondo bwo gupima ubukana budashobora kwizerwa kandi bushobora kwangirika. Ikoranabuhanga risanzwe, akenshi rishingiye ku bice bigenda cyangwa imiyoboro mito y’imitsi, rihita rigwa mu kajagari, rigasaza, ndetse rigasenyuka vuba.
Igikoresho cyo gukuraho amavuta mabi
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Isoko risaba impinduka mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ku bikoresho bikomeye bishobora gupima buri gihe kandi byuzuye. Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer itanga ubu buryo bwo kwizerwa bukenewe. Ikoresheje imiterere ikomeye kandi yoroshye ya mekanike idafite ibice bigenda, ibifunga, cyangwa ibyuma bifunga, iyi koranabuhanga itanga ubuziranenge budasanzwe no kuramba mu bihe bikomeye. Mu gushyira hamwe ubu buryo bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo bw’igihe nyacyo muri Sisitemu Igenzura Ikwirakwizwa (DCS), abakora bigira ubushobozi bwo kunoza ingano ya demulsifier n’imiterere y’ubushyuhe. Ubu bushobozi butanga inyungu ikomeye kandi ishoboka ku ishoramari binyuze mu kwirinda ikiguzi kinini cya shimi, kuzigama ingufu, kunoza kuzuza ireme ry’ibicuruzwa, no kongera imikorere myiza.
II. Emulsions z'amavuta mabi: Imiterere, Iterambere, n'Intego z'Ibikorwa
2.1. Ubutabire na Fiziki by'Uburinganire mu Mavuta Acukuwe
Gukora amavuta asanzwe buri gihe bivamo ikorwa rya emulsions zihamye, akenshiamazi mu mavuta n'amavuta mu maziubwoko, aho ibitonyanga by'amazi bikwirakwizwa neza mu gihe cy'amavuta adashira. Gukomera kw'izi emulsions ni imiterere y'ibinyabutabire n'imiterere y'umubiri, bigomba kugerwaho kugira ngo bigire akamaro.
Ubudahangarwa bw'iyi emulsions mu gihe kirekire buterwa ahanini n'ibintu karemano bikora ku buso bw'isi. Ibi bintu gakondo bigizwe na molekile zikomeye nka asphaltenes, resins, aside naphthenic, n'uduce duto tw'ingenzi twakuwe mu bikorwa byo gukora, nk'ibumba,gucukura ibyondoibisigazwa, n'ibikomoka ku kwangirika. Ibi bintu bigira akamaro kanini: byinjira vuba ku gice cy'ingenzi cy'amazi y'amavuta, aho byishyira hamwe bikaba icyuma gikomeye kandi gikingira. Iki gisate kibuza amazi atatanye kwivanga no kwiteranya, bikagabanya Interfacial Tension (IFT) kandi bigatuza sisitemu.
Imbogamizi zihuriweho ziterwa n’ubutabire bw’ibikomoka ku bimera n’ibikomoka ku bimera zihuzwa kandi zigaragara mu buryo butaziguye mu miterere y’amaraso y’ibimera. Ubukana bwinshi bw’amavuta y’ibimera n’ibimera ni ikintu cyongera ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza mu buryo butaziguye. Ubukana bukora nk'imbogamizi y’ibanze ku buryo bwo gutandukana kw’ibimera n’ibimera.
2.2. Intego zo Gukuraho Ibinyabutabire, Gukuraho Amazi mu Bidukikije, no Gukuraho Umunyu (D/D/D)
Uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa bya D/D/D rugamije gutegura umuyoboro wa peteroli ikoreshwa mu gutwara no kuyitunganya nyuma, hagamijwe kubahiriza amahame y’umutekano n’ubuziranenge.
2.2.1. Gukuraho amazi mu mubiri no kubura amazi mu mubiri
Gukuraho amavuta mabi bisaba gukoresha ibintu byihariye bikora ku buso byagenewe guhungabanya firime ihuza urusobe rw'ibintu. Izi molekile zihuza urusobe rw'ibintu zihuza urusobe rw'ibintu, zigahindura imiterere y'ibintu bisanzwe, zikagabanya cyane imbaraga z'urusobe rw'ibintu, kandi zigatuma imbaraga z'urusobe rw'ibintu birinda urusobe zigabanuka. Iyo iki gikorwa cy'imiti kirangiye, igikorwa gikomezakubura amazi mu mavuta akomoka ku bimera(gutandukanya icyiciro).
Intego y'ibanze yainzira yo kubura amavuta akomoka ku bimerani ukugira ngo habeho gutandukanya amavuta yose akomoka ku gice cyo hasi, hagenzurwe ko ahuye n’ibipimo by’ingenzi bya Sediment y’amazi n’amazi (BS&W). Ubusanzwe, ibipimo by’ubwikorezi bw’imiyoboro bitegeka ko amavuta akomoka ku mavuta yavuwe aba ari munsi ya 0.5% kugeza 1.0% bya BS&W. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko imiti ikoreshwa mu gutandukanya amavuta igomba kugira ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya amavuta neza, aho imiti ikoreshwa neza igaragaza igipimo cyo gutandukanya amavuta cya 88% cyangwa kirenga mu gihe cyo kugerageza. Byongeye kandi, inzira igomba gutanga amazi y’imyanda afite amavuta make ahagije (urugero, munsi ya 10 na 20 mg/L) kugira ngo yuzuze ibisabwa mu gusohora cyangwa kongera kuyashyira mu mwanya.
2.2.2. Gukuraho umunyu
Gukuraho umunyu ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi cyo koza amazi gikorwa kugira ngo hagabanuke umunyu mu bimera, bipimirwa mu mapawundi kuri buri gipimo cy'ibinini igihumbi (PTB). Iki gikorwa, haba mu murima ukorerwamo cyangwa aho uruganda rutunganya ibinyabutabire, kigamijekuvangaAmavuta ashyushye ashyushye hamwe n'amazi yo gukaraba n'imiti igabanya emulsion. Hanyuma uruvange rushyirwa mu butaka bufite ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi mu kigega cy'amazi agabanya ubukana kugira ngo byorohereze gusenyuka kw'ibisigaye.amavuta mu mazi n'amazi mu gusya amavutano gukuraho icyiciro cy'amazi y'umunyu.
Kuba ari ngombwa gukuramo umunyu mu buryo bukabije ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Iyo umunyu n'ibyuma biremereye bitakuweho, bihita bishonga iyo bishyushye mu byiciro bikurikira, bigatanga aside yangiza (nka hydrogen chloride). Ubu bushyuhe butera kwangirika gukomeye kw'ibikoresho byo mu mazi, harimo n'ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe n'inkingi zo gusya, kandi bishobora gutera uburozi bukomeye bwa catalyst. Kubwibyo, kugera ku bushobozi bwo gutandukanya umunyu bwa hafi 99% ni ingenzi kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kuba myiza kandi ikomeze kuba myiza. Kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu gukuramo umunyu, kuko ubushyuhe bwo gusya akenshi bugerwaho hakoreshejwe gushyushya imvange y'imyanda cyangwa imvange ya gaze/umwuka, bigatuma amazi n'ibintu bihumanya byihuta.
III. Uruhare rw'ingenzi rwo gupima ubucucike mu gihe nyacyo
3.1. Ubukana nk'igipimo cyo kugenzura inzira mu gihe nyacyo
Ubushyuhe si ikintu gisobanura gusa; ni imiterere y'ibanze igena uburyo ibintu bitandukana. Buri gipimo cyo kugenzura gishyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bwa D/D/D—byaba ari ugutera imiti, gushyuha, cyangwa kuvanga ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga—kigamije gutsinda cyangwa kugabanya imbogamizi z'ubushyuhe kugira ngo hakorwe ihurizo ry'ibitonyanga.
Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bw'amazi ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gusuzuma imikorere ya demulsifier. Gusenyuka neza kwa shimi ya emulsion ihamye bigomba gutuma ubushyuhe bw'amazi menshi bugabanuka kandi akenshi vuba. Iyi mpinduka ya rheological ishobora gupimwa muri sisitemu ifunze, bigatuma habaho isuzuma rihoraho ry'imikorere y'imiti. Iyi nzira nyayo yo gusubiza ni ingenzi kuko yemerera abakora ibikorwa kurenga isuzuma rya laboratwari rihoraho, rishobora no gukorwaho amakosa bitewe no gusaza kw'amavuta mabi no gutakaza ibice by'urumuri.
Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bufitanye isano n’ingufu zikoreshwa neza. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukoresha mu gukuraho amavuta bushingiye ku bushyuhe n’ubucucike bw’amavuta, ndetse n’uburyo amazi ashobora gushonga mu mavuta. Amavuta akomeye cyangwa afite ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane akenera ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane kugira ngo agabanye ubushyuhe buhagije kugira ngo amazi agende neza kandi agere ku rugero rwiza. Amakuru ahoraho yerekeye ubushyuhe atuma abahanga mu by’ubushyuhe bashobora gushyiraho no kubungabunga ubushyuhe buke bukenewe kugira ngo habeho gutandukana neza, birinda ubushyuhe buhenze cyane ndetse no gutandukana guhagije bitewe n’ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane.
Iyi sano ishyira ubukana ku murongo w’igenzura ry’imikorere. Imikorere ya desalter iterwa n’ibintu bine by’ingenzi: ubuziranenge bw’amazi, ibipimo by’imikorere (P/T), igipimo cya chimique, n’ibice bya mekanike. Ibintu by’imikorere n’ibinyabutabire ni byo biyobora by’ibanze. Ubukana buhuza ibi binyabutabire mu buryo butaziguye. Urugero, niba sisitemu yo kugenzura ikomeje ibonye ukwiyongera kwa bukana, DCS ihuriweho ishobora gusuzuma uko ibintu bimeze igahitamo inzira ihendutse yo gutandukana - haba ukwiyongera guke mu ngufu z’ubushyuhe (ku bibazo by’ubucucike cyangwa gushonga) cyangwa kwiyongera ku ntego mu gutandukanya ubukana bwa demulsifier (ku bibazo by’ubudahangarwa bw’imiti). Ubu bushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa bihindagurika buhindura igenzura kuva ku guhindura ibintu mu buryo burambye, bugahinduka ubunonosoye kandi bukora neza.
3.2. Ingaruka zo gupima ubukana butari bwo cyangwa butinze
Kutagira amakuru nyayo kandi ahoraho y’ubukana bw’ibicuruzwa byangiritse bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere kandi bigahamya ko ubukungu budakora neza.
Gupima ibinyabutabire birenze urugero hamwe n'izamuka ry'ibiciro rya OPEX
Niba gupima ubunini bw'amazi bishingiye ku bipimo bya laboratwari, cyangwa niba igikoresho kiri mu murongo gitanga amakuru adasobanutse neza, igipimo cya demulsifier ntigishobora kunozwa ugereranyije n'ikibazo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'amazi yinjira. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora bahitamo gutera imiti irenze urugero rw'ibinyabutabire kugira ngo barebe ko byatandukana. Bitewe nuko kugera ku gutandukanya neza akenshi bisaba igipimo kiri hagati ya 50 na 100 ppm, gutera imiti idasanzwe kandi ihenze cyane bituma habaho izamuka rikomeye kandi ridashobora kwirindwa ry'amafaranga akoreshwa (OPEX).
Ingufu zidahagije
Hatabayeho igisubizo cy’ubushyuhe nyabwo kandi gifatika mu gihe nyacyo, gushyushya ibintu bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hizewe kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe bw’ibikomoka ku mavuta mabi cyane byitezwe. Kwishingikiriza ku makuru adahinduka, menshi cyangwa atinze bituma ibintu bishyuha buri gihe birenze urugero rukenewe. Ibi bitera gutakaza ingufu z’ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi buhoraho, bikaba kimwe mu bipimo bikomeye bishobora kugenzurwa mu mikorere ya D/D/D.
Kunanirwa k'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa no kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa
Ibipimo bidakwiye bihindura imikorere idahwitse yo gutandukanya ibintu. Iyo emulsion idakemutse neza, ingano y’ifu ivuwe izananirwa kuzuza ibisabwa na BS&W cyangwa PTB. ingano y’ifu idahujwe ntabwo iteza gusa ibihano by’ubucuruzi, ahubwo, ikirenzeho, ishobora guteza akaga mu gikorwa cyose cyo gutunganya amazi. Kwanduza umunyu udasukuwe byihutisha ingese bitewe no kurema aside bigatuma habaho kuziba no kwanduza ahantu hakomeye ho gushyushya ubushyuhe n’iminara yo gutunganya ibintu. Kunanirwa kugenzura no kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’amazi, bityo, mu buryo butaziguye, bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga amafaranga menshi, kuzimya ibintu bitateguwe, no gusimbuza ibikoresho by’ingenzi.
Ubudahangarwa mu mikorere
Amavuta ya emulsion asanzwe akunze kugaragaza imyitwarire igoye itari iya Newtonian, aho ubushyuhe bwayo bugaragara buhinduka bitewe n'umuvuduko wakoreshejwe. Ibipimo bidakwiye bigora igenamigambi n'igenzura ry'imigendekere y'amazi mu byiciro byinshi, bishobora gutera ibibazo nk'imiterere y'amazi afite ikibazo, imipaka idahamye, n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibice ritameze neza. Byongeye kandi, kuba amazi adahagije ashobora gutuma igihe cyo kubika amazi mu bwato gikomeza kumera neza, ibi bikaba bishobora gutuma yongera gukoreshwa, bigatuma imikorere irushaho kugabanuka no kongera ibyago.
Menya byinshi ku bipimo by'ubucucike
Ibindi bipimo by'imikorere kuri interineti
IV. Imbogamizi zo gupima ubukana bw'ibinure mu gutunganya amavuta mabi
4.1. Imiterere y'ibikorwa by'ubushyamirane isaba gukomera
Viscometer yo mu murongo yatoranijwe gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bya D/D/D igomba kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imiterere y'imikorere irenze kure imipaka y'imiterere y'ibikoresho bisanzwe bya laboratwari cyangwa iby'inganda.
Imiterere y'Umuvuduko Ukabije n'Ubushyuhe Bukabije
Uburyo bwa D/D/D bukunze kuba burimo umuvuduko mwinshi mu mikorere n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Urugero, abakoresha amavuta ashyushye bakoresha peteroli ishyushye, kandi ibipimo byihariye nka Reservoir Fluid Analysis (RFA) akenshi bisaba ibikoresho bishobora gukora mu bigega byose ku isi. Igikoresho cyihariye kigomba kuba gikomeye, ubushyuhe busanzwe bugomba kugera kuri dogere 450 ℃ n'ibipimo by'umuvuduko bishobora guhangana n'umuvuduko usanzwe mu mikorere (urugero, kugeza kuri 6.4 MPa) cyangwa ibisubizo byihariye ku mirimo idasanzwe irenga 10 MPa.
Kwangirika, Guhumanya, no Kwagura
Amazi arimo gutunganywa arakaze cyane. Amavuta mabi arimo ibinyabutabire birimo ibinyabutabire, ibice bya aside (nka aside naphthenic), ndetse rimwe na rimwe na hydrogen sulfide (H2S), bigatuma habaho ibidukikije byangiza vuba ibintu bisanzwe byangiza. Byongeye kandi, kuba hari ibintu bikomeye bitandukanyije neza (ibumba, umucanga, asphaltenes) n'umunyu bituma habaho kwangirika no kwangirika ku buso bw'ibikoresho bipima. Ibikoresho bigomba kuba byubatswe mu bikoresho biramba cyane, nka 316 Stainless Steel, hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byihariye birwanya ingese (urugero, Teflon coating) kugira ngo birambe igihe kirekire mu gihe bihuye n'igihe cy'amazi yangiza.
Impinduka mu byiciro byinshi n'ibitari ibya Newtonia
Imiyoboro y'amavuta y'ibimera mu cyiciro cyo kongerera ingufu ikunze kuba imwe. Ni uruvange rugoye, rufite ibice byinshi birimo gaze/utubuto twatojwe, ibitonyanga by'amazi bitatanye, n'ibintu bikomeye bihagaze. Ubu buryo bworoshye bwiyongereyeho rheology itari iya Newtonia isanzwe ya emulsions zikomeye cyangwa zifite asphaltene nyinshi. Gupima ubukana bw'amazi afite imikorere ishingiye ku muvuduko wo gukata ako kanya, kandi arimo ibice byinshi n'uduce duhagaze, bitanga imbogamizi ikomeye ku ikoranabuhanga iryo ari ryo ryose rishinzwe kugenzura.
4.2. Inzitizi z'ibanze ku miterere ya Visometrike isanzwe
Imbogamizi ziri mu buhanga busanzwe bwo gupima ubunini bw'amazi zigaragaza impamvu zidakwiye gukoreshwa mu kugenzura uburyo bwo gutunganya amavuta asanzwe buri gihe.
Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Viscometer bizenguruka
Viscometer zizunguruka zishingira ku gupima imbaraga zikenewe kugira ngo zizunguruke umusemburo uri mu mazi. Iri hame risaba imiterere igoye cyane irimo ibice bigenda, ibifunga, na bearing. Mu bidukikije bya D/D/D, ibi bice bibasha kwangirika cyane: ibintu bikomeye byoroshye n'amazi yangiza bitera kwangirika vuba no kwangirika kw'ibifunga, bigatera ikiguzi kinini cyo kubibungabunga no gukora rimwe na rimwe. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bizunguruka bifite ubushobozi buke mu rugero rwo hejuru cyane rw'ubushyuhe, ntibishobora gufata neza uduce tunini, kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, bigatuma bishobora kubona ibisubizo bishingiye ku mukozi aho kuba ibisubizo byizewe bihoraho.
Uburyo bwo gupima imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mitsi n'ubundi buryo gakondo
Uburyo nka capillary viscometry bushingiye ku gupima umuvuduko w'amazi unyura mu muyoboro ubuza. Nubwo ari bwo buryo bufatika muri laboratwari, ntabwo bushoboka mu nganda. Bugorwa no gutanga ibisubizo nyabyo ku mazi atari aya Newtonian kandi bushobora gufunga cyane uduce duto duto duto n'ibice bikomeye biri mu miyoboro ya peteroli. Ubu burwayi busaba kubungabunga cyane, bigatera guhagarara kenshi mu mikorere, kandi mu by'ukuri butuma budashobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura igihe kinini mu miyoboro y'amazi.
Guhuza uburyo bwo gutsindwa kwa viscometer zisanzwe—ingufu za mekanike (udupfundikizo, ibyuma bifunga) no kwangirika kw'amazi yanduye kandi yangiza (kuziba, kwangirika)—bishyiraho ibisabwa byumvikana mu buhanga. Gupima amavuta yanduye neza mu murongo bisaba ikoranabuhanga ripima lisansi rikuraho burundu ibice bigenda n'inzira zigabanya amazi, rikuraho umutwaro wo gupima uva ku buryo bwa mekanike budashobora kwangirika ukajya ku mahame ya fiziki ahamye.
V. Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer: Igisubizo gikomeye
5.1. Igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye n'amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere
Lonnmeter inline viscometer vibrational viscometer yakozwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo ikemure icyuho gikomeye gisigarana n'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe mu bidukikije by'amazi mabi.
Ihame ry'imikorere
Viscometer ikora ku ihame rya viscometer yo gupima vibration. Sisitemu ikoresha ikintu gikomeye cyo gupima, akenshi kimeze nk'icunga, giterwa imbaraga zo kuzenguruka buri gihe ku murongo ugororotse mu cyerekezo cyacyo. Uko emulsion y'amavuta yanduye itemba hejuru ikagabanywa n'iki kintu gihindagurika, amazi anyunyuza ingufu bitewe no gukurura gukomeye - ingaruka yo kugabanya. Ingufu zatakaye zikomoka kuri iki gikorwa cyo gupima viscosity zipimwa n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi kandi zihuzwa neza zigahindurwamo ishusho ya viscosity ihindagurika, ubusanzwe ipimwa muri centipoise (cP). Ubu buryo bupima imbaraga zikenewe kugira ngo hagumane amplitude ihamye yo guhindagurika.
Imiterere yoroshye ya Mekanike
Akamaro gakomeye k'ikoranabuhanga ryaViscometer ya Lonnmeter iri ku murongoni uburyo bworoshye. Gukata amazi bigerwaho gusa binyuze mu kuzunguruka, bituma imiterere yoroheje ya mekanike—idafite ibice bigenda, ibifunga, cyangwa ibyuma bifunga. Ubu buryo bwiza bw'imiterere ni ingenzi cyane: mu gukuraho ibice bishobora kwangirika, kwangirika no kwangirika mu bidukikije birimo umuvuduko mwinshi kandi bikurura, Lonnmeter itanga ubushobozi bwo kuramba cyane no kudakenera kubungabunga, ikarenga ku nzitizi z'ingenzi z'ibikoresho bizenguruka. Imiterere isanzwe ikoresha icyuma gikomeye cya 316 Stainless Steel, hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu ku buryo butunguranye, harimo no gukoresha Teflon coating cyangwa alloys zirwanya kwangirika.
5.2. Ibipimo byo gukemura ibibazo byihariye by'imikorere
Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bya Lonnmeterviscometer izenguruka mu murongokugaragaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ibyo isabwa cyane mu buryo bwo gukora imyitozo ya D/D/D:
Ibisobanuro bikomeye bya Lonnmeter Viscometer
| Igipimo | Ibisobanuro | Akamaro ku bibazo by'ihindagurika ry'ibikomoka kuri peteroli |
| Urugendo rw'ubucucike | 1 – 1.000.000 cP | Ubushakashatsi bwuzuye ku bwoko butandukanye bw'amavuta ya kera, harimo amavuta akomeye, bitumen, na emulsions zifite ubukana bwinshi. |
| Uburinganire / Gusubiramo | ± 2% ~ 5% | Ubuhanga buhanitse ni ingenzi mu kubara neza imikoreshereze y'ibinyabutabire bya demulsifier no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kunoza ingufu. |
| Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi | < 450℃ | Bituma habaho imikorere yizewe mu gihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi ashyushye cyane no kuyakuraho mu buryo bushyushye cyane. |
| Igipimo cy'umuvuduko ntarengwa | < 6.4 MPa (Ishobora guhindurwa >10 MPa) | Ikemura ibibazo bisanzwe by’imikorere, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryihariye rikoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu nyinshi cyane zo mu kirere. |
| Ibikoresho | 316 Icyuma Kidafunze (Isanzwe) | Inyubako isanzwe itanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku ingese rusange; ibikoresho byihariye bikemura ikibazo cy'amazi meza n'ubushyuhe bwihariye2Ibibazo bya S. |
| Urwego rw'Uburinzi | IP65, ExdIIBT4 | Yujuje amahame akomeye yo kwirinda guturika no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu nganda zishobora guteza akaga. |
5.3. Ibyiza bya tekiniki n'imikorere
Imikorere myiza cyane mu mikorere igoye
Ihame ryo guhindagurika ritanga inyungu z’ibanze mu gucunga imiterere ikomeye kandi inyuranye ya emulsions za peteroli. Guhindagurika guhoraho kw’ingufu nyinshi bitanga ingaruka nziza kandi zo kwisukura ku buso bwa sensor, bibuza cyane kwirundanya kw’ibihumanya, gupima, no gusiga ishashi. Bitandukanye n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kuzenguruka, sensor ya Lonnmeter ntabwo ishobora kwangizwa n’ikosa ryo gupima riterwa n’udusimba twa gaze cyangwa uduce duto tw’ibisigazwa (gutembera mu byiciro byinshi). Uku kudahuza n’ibihumanya no gukusanya ibintu bikomeye bituma ibipimo bikomeza aho ibikoresho bisanzwe byananirwa cyangwa bigasaba serivisi ihoraho.
Kuba nta mashini zifunga n'ibyuma bikingira amashanyarazi bigaragaza amahirwe akomeye yo guhangana. Kubera ko ibidukikije bya D/D/D bigaragazwa n'amazi yangiza kandi bishobora kwanduza ibintu bikomeye, gukuraho ibice by'imashini bishobora kwangiza imikorere yabyo bikuraho isoko rinini ry'igihe cyo kudakora neza no kubungabunga ibikoresho bihenze bijyana no kunanirwa kwa serivisi. Iki cyemezo cy'ibanze cy'ubuhanga gitanga icyizere cy'igihe ntarengwa cyo gukora neza mu gihe cy'ingenzi cyo gutanga ibitekerezo ku buryo bworoshye.
Igipimo cy'ukuri kitari icya Newtonia
Sisitemu ya Lonnmeter ikora binyuze mu gutanga umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukata ku mazi binyuze mu gutigita. Ku mavuta asanzwe atari ay’i Newtonia akunze kugaragara muri D/D/D, aho ubukana buterwa n’umuvuduko wo gukata, iki gipimo cyo gukata ku mazi ni ingenzi cyane. Gifata neza "impinduka nyayo ya viscosity" ijyanye n’uburyo bunini bw’umurongo w’imikorere, kikarinda ibintu bya rheological bishobora kubaho ku bikoresho byo gukata ku mazi make, nka viscometer zimwe na zimwe zizunguruka, zishobora guhindura mu buryo butaziguye ubukana bwiza bw’amazi mu gihe cyo gupima.
Ubuyobozi Budafite Umuvuduko mu Ihuza ry'Ikoranabuhanga
Kugira ngo igere ku bushobozi bwuzuye bwo gukora neza, viscometer igomba gutanga amakuru ashobora gukorwa byoroshye na sisitemu zo kugenzura. Lonnmeter itanga umusaruro usanzwe w’inganda (4–20 mADC, Modbus) haba kuri viscosity na ubushyuhe. Iyi miyoboro y’amakuru ya digitale idafite imipaka yorohereza kwihutisha kwinjira muri sisitemu zo kugenzura zisanzwe (DCS) cyangwa platforme za SCADA. Gushyira mu bikorwa iri koranabuhanga rigezweho bisaba uburyo bwo guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu byiciro, uhereye ku guhuza amakuru ya sensor kugira ngo ugabanye ingorane z’ibanze no kugaragaza inyungu y’ishoramari hakiri kare (ROI). Aya makuru ahujwe agize ishingiro rya matrix yo gusuzuma, yemerera abakora ibikorwa guhuza vuba ibitagenda neza bya viscosity n’andi makuru (urugero, ubushyuhe, itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko) kugira ngo ayobore igikorwa cyo gukosora neza.
VI. Guteza imbere no gutanga agaciro k'ubukungu
Agaciro nyakuri k'ubukungu bwa LonnmeterViscometer Ikoreshwa mu Gutembera mu MurongoIboneka iyo gupima bidakoreshejwe bihinduwe uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa bikora kandi bifunze. Amakuru nyayo kandi afite ubuziranenge bwinshi ashyiraho uburyo bukenewe bwo gusubiza ibibazo kugira ngo hacungwe mu buryo buhamye amafaranga abiri akoreshwa mu mikorere: ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'ubushyuhe.
6.1. Guhuza Ubucucike bw'Igihe Nyacyo n'Igenzura ry'Imikorere Ihindagurika
Ingamba zo kunoza imikorere zishingiye ku guhuza ibipimo bya viscosity n'ibikoresho by'ibanze byo kugenzura—igipimo cya demulsifier n'ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe—kugira ngo uburyo bwiza bwo gutandukanya ibintu bukomeze ku giciro gito gishoboka.
Intego y'ibanze yo kugenzura ni ukumenya no kubungabunga aho ubukana bwo gutandukanya ibintu bugarukira. Iyo sisitemu ibonye ko hari aho itandukaniye, igisubizo kibarwa hashingiwe ku kiguzi cy'imikorere isanzwe.
Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Ibitekerezo
| Uburyo bwo Kubona Ubucucike (Mu gihe nyacyo) bwagaragaye | Gusuzuma imiterere y'imikorere | Igikorwa cyo Gukosora (Ikoranabuhanga/Umukoresha) | Ingaruka z'ubukungu zitezwe |
| Ubushyuhe buri kwiyongera nyuma yo kuvanga/gutera | Gukuraho burundu cyangwa igipimo cy'ihindagurika ry'umwuka (Coalescence Rate) | Ongera Igipimo cya Demulsifier (PPM) CYANGWA Ongera Igihe cyo Gushyira Ubushyuhe mu Biryo | Yongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza amashanyarazi; irinda kongera gukoresha amashanyarazi no kuyacunga |
| Ihindagurika kandi ihamye, ariko amakuru y'amateka agaragaza ko ari menshi kuruta uko bikenewe | Ubushyuhe buke bwo gukora kuri rheology y'ubushyuhe ikoreshwa | Gabanya igihe cyo gushyira ubushyuhe bwa Pre-heater/Desalter kugeza kuri T yo hasi cyane | Igabanya mu buryo butaziguye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'ubushyuhe; Kuzigama kw'ibanze kwa OPEX |
| Ubushyuhe bugabanuka vuba kandi bugatuza ku rugero rwo hasi | Gutandukana neza cyane byagezweho / Ingaruka zo kuba imiti irenze urugero | Gabanya Igipimo cya Demulsifier (PPM) kugeza ku gipimo gito cyane cy'ingirakamaro | Bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cyo kugura no guta ibintu hakoreshejwe imiti |
Gukoresha neza ingano ya demulsifier
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoresha viscosity mu gihe nyacyo nk'igipimo cy'imikorere kugira ngo ihindure igipimo cy'inyobozo ya demulsifier. Ubu bushobozi bukuraho uburyo buhenze kandi busanzwe bwo gutanga imiti irenze urugero kugira ngo ihuze n'ihindagurika ry'ibikomoka ku bimera cyangwa kwishingikiriza ku bisubizo bya laboratwari byatinze. Mu kugabanya igipimo kugeza ku rugero ruto rukenewe kugira ngo hagerwe ku gutandukanya intego, abakora bizeza ikoreshwa ryiza ry'imiti ihenze mu gihe bakomeza gukora neza cyane (urugero, kugera ku gutandukanya umunyu ku kigero cya 99%).
Imicungire y'ingufu zishyuha
Kubera ko ibisabwa ku bushyuhe bwa desalt bigenwa n'imiterere ya rheological y'imashini, gupima neza viscosity bituma sisitemu igumana ubushyuhe bwa pre-heater na desalt ku rugero rwo hasi rukenewe kugira ngo habeho gutandukanya phase. Ubu bushobozi burinda ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi kandi zitari ngombwa zijyanye no gushyushya peteroli, bigatanga OPEX izigama cyane kandi irambye.
Mu gukomeza kugenzura ibi bintu bihinduka, uruganda ruhinduka rukava ku gikorwa gishingiye ku ngingo runaka rujya ku buryo bworoshye kandi bunoze bwo kuvura indwara. Ubu buryo bwo gutanga amakuru butuma abakoresha bahinduka bakajya ku gitekerezo cyo kubungabunga ibintu mbere y’uko bitangazwa. Urugero, kwiyongera gutunguranye k’ubushyuhe, iyo bihujwe n’ubushyuhe buhamye n’ingano ya demulsifier, bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cy’imikorere, nko kwangirika cyane cyangwa kwangirika kw’ipompo, bigatuma habaho igikorwa cyo kwirinda mbere y’uko habaho ikibazo gikomeye mu mikorere.
6.2. Inyungu Zishobora Kubarwa no Kubona IMPAMO
Guhuza Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer bitanga inyungu ifatika kandi irambye mu ruhererekane rw'agaciro k'umusaruro.
Ibiciro by'ibikorwa byagabanijwe:
Kuzigama mu Binyabutabire: Kugenzura igipimo gihoraho bigabanya gutera imiti ihenze igabanya ubushyuhe, bigatuma hirindwa ikiguzi ako kanya.
Kuzigama Ingufu: Gukoresha neza ubushyuhe bushyuha hashingiwe ku makuru ajyanye n'igihe nyacyo bigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kuri peteroli/umwuka mwinshi mu gushyushya peteroli.
Kuzigama ku bijyanye no kubungabunga: Imiterere yoroshye, idafite ibice byimuka, ibifunga, n'ibyuma bifunga, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kwisukura bw'icyuma gipima ibintu, bikuraho ikiguzi kinini cyo kubungabunga no gutunganya ibikoresho bisanzwe mu gutunganya no kwangiza ibintu.
Ubwiza n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa: Kugera ku ntego z'ubuziranenge zihamye, nko kugera ku gipimo cya $\le 0.5$% BS&W no gukuraho PTB nyinshi, bituma peteroli ihura n'ibisabwa mu kugurisha, hirindwa ibihano by'ubucuruzi n'ikiguzi kinini giterwa no kongera gutunganya cyangwa kugabanya ingese.
Kongera Ubushobozi bwo Gukora no Gukoresha Ibikoresho: Gukoresha neza ibikoresho bya shimi n'ubushyuhe bituma habaho uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu vuba kandi mu buryo buhoraho. Ibi bigabanya igihe gisabwa cyo gutuza no kubika ibintu, bityo bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho neza.
Kunoza Umutekano no Kwizerwa: Kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku gupima no gupima muri laboratwari bigabanya imikorere y’umukozi ku mirongo ikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi. Kuba imiterere ikomeye ya sensor igabanya cyane amahirwe yo kuzimya ibikoresho mu buryo butateganijwe.
Gukuraho amazi mu mubiri, Gukuraho amazi mu mubiri, no Gukuraho umunyu ni ingenzi mu gutsinda mu by’imari no mu mikorere myiza y’inganda zikora hydrocarbon. Uburemere bw’imikorere, ihindagurika ry’ibikomoka ku bimera, n’imikorere ikaze cyane bisaba urwego rwo gupima neza no gukomera kw’ibikoresho ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ridashobora gutanga. Uburemere bw’imashini, kwangirika kw’ibimera, no kwangirika kw’ibimera bihumanya ikirere bituma ibintu bisanzwe bihinduka, bigatera ibibazo mu mikorere no mu kurinda umutungo.
Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer ni igisubizo cy’ukuri, cyakozwe by’umwihariko kugira ngo gitere imbere muri iki gihe cy’inganda zigoye. Imiterere yayo yoroshye, idahinduka ibice ihamya ko amakuru ahora anyura, kandi afite ubuziranenge bwinshi, irenga uburyo bwo gucika intege bw’imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu zizenguruka n’imiyoboro y’amaraso. Mu gupima neza ubukana nyabwo bw’amavuta agoye kandi atari Newtonian, Lonnmeter itanga ingamba zihamye kandi ziteganya igihe cyo kuyagenzura. Iyi ngamba itanga ishingiro ry’ubuhanga bwo kunoza ingano ya demulsifier n’imiterere y’ubushyuhe, igenzura ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa kandi igakora neza cyane.
Guhuza ubu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bihindura inzira ya D/D/D kuva ku mikorere isanzwe, irinda ibyago ikagera kuri sisitemu iboneye kandi ihendutse. Ubu buryo butanga inyungu yihuse kandi ishoboka ku ishoramari binyuze mu kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu.
Saba inama irambuye ku bijyanye na RFQ.
Fata intambwe y'ingenzi yo kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibikomoka ku bimera bidafite ifumbire mvaruganda mu gihe wongera inyungu mu bukungu. Tangira kuzigama amafaranga akoreshwa mu buvuzi n'ingufu uyu munsi ushyira mu bikorwa igisubizo gikomeye cyane cy'inganda cya viscometry. Shaka inama ku buryo bwo gukemura ibibazo by'imikorere yihariye n'ubusabe burambuye bwo gusaba igiciro (RFQ). Vugana n'inzobere zacu mu by'ubwubatsi ubu kugira ngo utangire gahunda yawe yo kunoza ijyanye n'imiterere yawe yihariye y'ibikomoka ku bimera bidafite ifumbire mvaruganda, imbogamizi mu mikorere, n'intego zisaba inyungu ku isoko ry'imari.
