Gupima Ubucucike Buhoraho mu Kuvanga Mazutu
Uburyo bwo kuvanga buhagaze nk'igikorwa cya nyuma kandi gifite ingaruka nziza ku bukungu mu ruganda rutunganya peteroli. Intego nyamukuru y'ubu buryo bugoye ni ugukora ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa byose ku isoko gusa ahubwo bigakora ku giciro gito gishoboka, bityo bikazamura inyungu rusange z'uruganda rutunganya peteroli.
Uburyo bwo kuvanga ibintu mu buryo bw'imari bukoreshwa mu buryo butagaragara ntibwakabya. Ubusa cyangwa ubusembwa ubwo aribwo bwose muri iki cyiciro bushobora kwangiza vuba inyungu zabonetse binyuze mu kunoza neza ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ibi bisobanuye ko inyungu zatakaye kandi bigashimangira impamvu ishoramari ry’ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvanga ibintu rigira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu z’uruganda.
Imbogamizi n'Ingaruka mu Kuvanga Mazutu Gasanzwe
Ikiguzi cy'imari cyo gupima nabi
Imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye kandi zikunze kwirengagizwa mu bijyanye no kuvanga ni "gutanga amakuru." Hatabayeho amakuru ahoraho kandi y’igihe nyacyo ku miterere y’uruvange, abarukora bagomba kwishingikiriza ku ngero za laboratwari n’ingero ziteganya igihe kugira ngo bagenzure inzira. Kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo gukora ibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa, ikosa rihenze kandi ritwara igihe kinini, bategetswe kubaka mu mutekano bongeramo ibice bihenze byo kuvanga kurusha ibyo bisabwa kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa byibuze.
Ingufu mu mikorere n'ibiciro byihishe
Ingaruka z'imikorere y'ibipimo bidakwiye zirenze kure uburyo bwo kuvanga ibintu buhita bukoreshwa. Kwishingikiriza ku buryo budasobanutse neza, nko gupima ingano y'ibigega, bitera gahunda mbi yo gukora no gucunga nabi ububiko. Ibi bishobora gutera ikiguzi kinini cyo kugabanya amafaranga—ibihano bitangwa iyo ubwato bw'imizigo butinze kubera kubura ubushobozi bwo kubika ibintu.
Ingaruka ziyongera cyane mu kirere: ubwiza bw'ibiryo buhindagurika buturuka ku igenzura rito ryo kuvanga bishobora gutera kudakora neza mu mikorere y'ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere, bishobora guteza akaga ku ikorwa ry'ibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa nka "shot coke" muri coker, ibi bikaba biteza imbogamizi zikomeye ku mutekano no mu mikorere.
Ingaruka z'ubukungu zo kuvanga cyane kugira ngo habeho iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko
Impinduka ku isi yose igana ku bisubizo by’ingufu zirambye byatumye abantu benshi bishingikiriza kuri peteroli zikomoka ku bimera, akenshi zivanze na mazutu isanzwe kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije. Nubwo izi peteroli zikomoka ku bimera zitanga inyungu ku bidukikije, ziza ku giciro kinini mu bukungu. Urugero, ingufu zitangwa na mazutu zikomoka ku bimera zishobora gutwara 70% kugeza 130% kurusha mazutu ikomoka ku bimera. Byongeye kandi, peteroli ikomoka ku bimera ubusanzwe ifite ubucucike bwinshi kurusha peteroli ikomoka ku bimera.
Iki kibazo gitanga imbogamizi idasanzwe kandi ihenze ku batunganya. Badafite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura buri gihe imiterere y’uruvange rwa nyuma, cyane cyane ubucucike bwarwo, bagomba kuvanga cyane lisansi ihenze ya biofuel kugira ngo bemeze ko yujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko kandi birinde amande. Kutagira ibipimo nyabyo bihindura ibisabwa n’amategeko mo gutanga ibintu bihenze kandi bihoraho.
Inzira n'Ihuzwa rya InterinetiIbipimo by'ubucucike
Uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'umurongo, cyane cyane izishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima, zikora ku ihame ry'ibanze rya fiziki kugira ngo zitange igipimo cy'igihe nyacyo kandi gihoraho. Imbere y'igikoresho ni agace gato k'icyuma kitagira umugese gakoreshwa mu gupima, gaterwa no kwizunguruka ku muvuduko wacyo usanzwe w'ikirahure na kristale ya piezoelectric. Uko amazi apimwa atembera hirya no hino ku mitsi inyeganyega, uburemere bwako "bushyira" agace k'ikirahure, bigatera impinduka mu muvuduko wacyo wo gupima. Kristeli ya kabiri ya piezoelectric yumva kandi igapima umuvuduko wahindutse. Poroserite ikoreshwa, ikoresheje sensor y'ubushyuhe yubatswemo kugira ngo ihabwe indishyi, ihindura iyi mpinduka mu gaciro k'ubucucike buhamye cyane.
Igikoresho gihagarariye abandi, nka LonnmeterIgipimo cy'ubucucike bw'iforogo yo gukosora, ishobora gupima amazi afite ubukana buri munsi ya sentipoise 2000 (CP) ku rugero rw'ubucucike bwa 0−2g/cm3hamwe n'uburyo bwo gupima neza bwa 0.003g/cm3n'igipimo cya 0.001. Ibi bikoresho birakomeye kandi byagenewe ibidukikije bikenera inganda nyinshi, bifite ibikoresho bitose by'icyuma kitagira umugese 316 n'igipimo cyo hejuru cya Exd II BT6 kidaturika, bigatuma biba byiza mu bikorwa byo gutunganya ibikoresho biteje akaga.
Ufite ibibazo bijyanye no kunoza inzira zo gukora umusaruro？
Kwinjira mu buryo butagira umuvuduko muri Sisitemu yo Kugenzura Ibikorwa
Gushyira mu bikorwa icyuma gipima ubucucike bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwo kugenzura uruganda ni intambwe ikomeye. Uburyo busanzwe kandi bwizewe bwo gutumanaho ni ugukoresha ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi cya 4-20mA, gihuye n'ubucucike bwapimwe. Iki kimenyetso cya analog ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kwinjira muri porogaramu nyinshi zigenzura imiterere y'amashanyarazi (PLCs) na sisitemu zigenzura imiterere y'amashanyarazi (DCS).
Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiramo no gushyiraho porogaramu
Imikorere yaumurongoIgipimo cy'ubucucike bwa mazutuishingiye cyane ku buryo ishyirwamo neza n'imiterere y'ibikorwa byayo. Kugira ngo habeho ukuri ku rugero rwo hejuru, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho:
Gushyiramo: Sensori igomba gushyirwa ahantu amazi avanga neza kandi hagaragaza inzira inyuramo. Ahantu heza hakunze kuba hepfo y'ipompo cyangwa imvange idahindagurika, kandi kure y'amaguru yapfuye cyangwa imifuka yo gusubiramo amazi.
Kwibira mu mazi kw'ibinyabutabire: Ikintu cyo kumenya kigomba kuba cyuzuye mu mazi igihe cyose. Mu miyoboro itemba amazi make cyangwa yuzuye igice, gushyiraho cyangwa gushyira mu nkokora y'umuyoboro bishobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo sensor ikomeze kuba yuzuye amazi.
Imiterere y'amazi: Kuba hari utubumbe tw'umwuka cyangwa umwuka urimo umwuka bishobora kwangiza cyane ubwinshi bw'umwuka, kuko umwuka ufite ubucucike buke cyane ugereranyije n'amazi. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, gushyiraho imiterere ihagaze ifite amenyo areba ku ruhande bituma umwuka wimuka uva kuri sensor. Kuzamura umuvuduko w'umugongo ukoresheje valve yo kugenzura bishobora no gufasha kugumana umwuka ushongeshejwe mu gisubizo, cyane cyane ku mashanyarazi cyangwa kuri lisansi.
Kunyeganyega no Kubangamira: ItsindaImikorere y'icyuma gipima ubucucike ishobora kugira ingaruka ku gutigita kwa mashini yo hanze ituruka ku mashini cyangwa ibikoresho bitera imbaraga biri hafi aho. Gushyiraho neza igikoresho no gukoresha insinga z'ibimenyetso zikingira zigenda mu miyoboro itandukanye ni ingenzi kugira ngo gikore neza.
Menya byinshi ku bipimo by'ubucucike
Ibindi bipimo by'imikorere kuri interineti
Ibyiza bya tekiniki bya Interineti igezwehoIbipimo by'ubucucike
Isesengura ryo kugereranyaDikigoMeteriIkoranabuhanga
Guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye ryo gupima ubucucike buhoraho ni icyemezo cy'ingenzi cy'ubuhanga gishingiye ku bisabwa byihariye mu ikoreshwa. Nubwo hari ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye rihari, ikoreshwa cyane mu gupima mu murongo ni tuning fork, Coriolis, na capacitive density metres.
Itsindaikanya yo gukosoraigipimo cy'ubucucikeIzwi cyane kubera ko ikora vuba, itanga ubucucike bushya buri segonda 0.1 kugeza kuri 1. Ifite aho ihagarara hato kandi, nta bice bigenda, itanga icyizere cyinshi kandi ishobora gusubiramo.
ItsindaIgipimo cya Coriolis, ifatwa nk'icyitegererezo cya zahabu cy'inganda, ni igikoresho gifite ubushobozi bwo gupima mu buryo butaziguye kandi icyarimwe ubwinshi bw'amazi n'ubucucike nyakuri. Ariko, ikiguzi cyacyo kinini cy'imari n'ibibazo bishobora kubaho mu kubungabunga amazi adakoresha amavuta bishobora gutuma kiba igisubizo gito cyane niba hari ikindi gipimo cy'amazi gisanzwe gihari.
Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoraibipimo by'ubucucikeni ubundi buryo bukomeye, bushingiye ku cyuma gipima umuvuduko gikoresha ubushobozi bwo gupima. Ubu buryo burwanya cyane imihindagurikire y'ibimera kandi ntibugira ingaruka ku ihindagurika ry'urugero rw'imitsi. Ariko, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha bushobora kugarukira ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'amazi, kandi bisaba gusuzuma neza uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibisigazwa byiyongera.
Kwizerwa no kugabanuka k'ubuziranenge
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imashini yo gushushanya ni uko idafite ibice byimutse mu gice cyayo cyatose. Ubu buryo bworoshye bw'ibanze butuma habaho ubwizerwe burushijeho kwiyongera no kugabanya cyane ibisabwa mu kubungabunga ugereranije n'ibikoresho bya kera byo gupima amazi. Kuba ikoranabuhanga rihamye bivuze ko ritasaba ibimenyetso byinshi kandi bihenze nk'uko ibikoresho nka turbine meters zibikora.
Gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho mu kuvanga mazutu ni intambwe y'ibanze mu kuvugurura ibikorwa byo gutunganya amashanyarazi. Bigaragaza impinduka ikomeye kuva ku buryo bwo gukora ibintu bukoresha intoki, kandi bushobora gutera ibyago, bugahinduka inzira ikora, ikora kandi igatera inyungu. Ubu buryo butuma abatunganya amashanyarazi bashobora kugabanya ibyago mu mikorere no mu by'imari, gukuraho impano, kugabanya ikiguzi cyihishe, no gufungura inzira nshya z'amafaranga binyuze mu kongera umusaruro w'inganda no gukora neza. Hamagara Lonnmeter ubu ngubu usabe igisubizo cy'uburyo bwo gupima ubucucike buhoraho.
