Igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'inzoga mu buryo bwo gukora inzoga mu nganda
Itsindauburyo bwo gukora inzoga mu ngandaYavuye mu buhanzi bwiganjemo umuco igera ku bumenyi buhanitse kandi bushingiye ku makuru. Ishingiro ry'iri hinduka ni ugupima ubucucike, igipimo kimwe gikoreshwa nk'ururimi ruhuriweho mu gupima impinduka zikomeye ziba kuva ku binyampeke kugera ku kirahure.
Igipimo cy'ubucucike mu murongoitanga igipimo cy'ingenzi cyane mu kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bihoraho kandi bifite ireme mu byiciro byose. Ibisubizo bya B2B by’inganda zikora mu buryo bwikora, bishyira imbere ko ibiciro byabyo birushaho kuba byiza, kohereza vuba, guhuza neza, no kudakora neza, bifite umwanya wihariye wo gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije bikorerwamo inzoga, nkoubushyuhe bwinshi, umukungugu, uduce twa CO2, n'impinduka zitoroshye.
Inzoga zigezwehoParadigm
Itsindainzira yo guteka inzogani imikorere yoroshye, ifite ibyiciro byinshi bya biochemical na engineering, ariko kubungabunga imiterere ihoraho biracyari ikibazo gikomeye ku nganda zikora inzoga z’ubucuruzi. Ibintu bine by’ingenzi - ibinyampeke, amazi, hops, n’umusemburo - bihinduka binyuze mu ruhererekane rw’imikorere igoye, buri kimwe kikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryohe, impumuro, n’umubiri w’umusaruro wa nyuma. Urufunguzo rwo guhangana n’iyi miterere igoye ruri mu kugenzura neza inzira, kandi nta kintu na kimwe kigaragaza iterambere n’ubwiza bw’inzoga kurusha ubucucike bwayo.
Ubucucike ni uburyo bwo gupima mu buryo butaziguye ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye byashongeshejwe, cyane cyane isukari, mu mazi. Iyi raporo igamije kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y'ubuhanga mu gukora inzoga gakondo n'ibikoresho bigezweho, igaragaza uburyo ikoranabuhanga ryikora rishobora guhindura ubukorikori bumaze igihe mu buryo bushobora gusubiramo kandi bushobora kugurishwa. Binyuze mu gushyiraho ubucucike nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'imikorere (KPI), inganda zikora inzoga zishobora kurenga uburyo gakondo, butagira aho bugarukira kandi zigakurikiza uburyo bushya bwo gucunga ibintu hakoreshejwe amakuru.
Incamake irambuye y'intambwe ku yindi y'uburyo bwo guteka inzoga
Itsindauburyo bwo guteka inzoga z'ubucuruzibishobora kugabanywamo urukurikirane rw'intambwe z'ingenzi, buri kimwe cyubakira ku cya nyuma kugira ngo habeho umusaruro wa nyuma w'ubwiza n'imiterere bihamye.
Gusya no gusya
Itsindaguteka inzogaItangirana no gutegura ibinyampeke byakuwemo ubunyobwa, bibanza gusya kugira ngo bifungure ibishishwa hanyuma hagaragare ibinyampeke biri mu ntete. Ibi bikurikirwa no gusya, aho ibinyampeke byakuwemo ubunyobwa, cyangwa "igishishwa," bivangwa n'amazi ashyushye (bizwi nka liquor) mu gikoresho kinini cyitwa mash tun.10 Gusya ni uguhindura ibinyampeke mu isukari ishobora gushya, inzira izwi nka saccharification. Ubushyuhe bw'ibinyampeke ni ahantu hakomeye ho kugenzura, akenshi haguma hagati ya 60–70°C (140–158°F). Ubushyuhe bugena imiterere ya nyuma y'isukariwort, bigira ingaruka ku buryohe, umubiri, n'uko inzoga imeze mu kanwa. Itandukaniro rito mu bushyuhe bwo gusya rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye, zitari ziteganijwe ku musaruro wa nyuma, bigashimangira ko ari ngombwa gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo.
Gutemba no Gutanga Indabyo
Nyuma yo gusya, amazi arimo isukari, cyangwawort, igomba gutandukanywa n'ingano zakoreshejwe mu buryo bwitwa lautering. Iyi ni intambwe ifata igihe, akenshi ikorerwa muri lauter tun cyangwa mash filter. Ubushyuhe bwa mash bushobora kuzamuka bukagera kuri 75–78°C (167–172°F), uburyo buzwi nka mashout, kugira ngo enzymes zikore kandi zikagabanya ubukana bwa wort, ibyo bikaba byoroshya inzira yo gutandukanya. Amazi ashyushye yiyongereye, cyangwa amazi ya sparge, akunze gusukwa ku gitereko cy'ingano kugira ngo isukari isigaye ivanwemo.
Guteka no Gukonjesha
Hanyuma, umutobe wakusanyijwe wimurirwa mu gikoresho cyo guteka, cyangwa "umuringa," aho ujyanwa kubira cyane, ikiciro gikunze kumara iminota 60 kugeza 120. Iki cyiciro ni ingenzi kubera impamvu nyinshi: gitera umuti worte, kigatera poroteyine zishobora gutera ububobere, kandi, icy'ingenzi kurushaho, gitera isomeri aside alpha zo muri hop, ibyo bigatera ububabare. Igihe cyo kongeramo hop mu gihe cyo kubira kigena ububabare, uburyohe, n'impumuro y'inzoga. Kubira ni nabyo bihe bya nyuma byo gushyirahoimbaraga rukuruzi z'umwimerere (OG), kuko ikomeza kwiyongera kw'umusemburo binyuze mu guhindura amazi. Nyuma yo kubira, umusemburo uhita ukonjeshwa n'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kugeza ku bushyuhe bukwiriye bwo guteka, intambwe y'ingenzi yo kwirinda kwanduzwa n'umusemburo wo mu gasozi cyangwa bagiteri.
Gushyushya, Gukura no Gutunganya
Umutobe ukonje wimurirwa mu gikoresho cyo guhinga, aho umusemburo "ushyirwa" cyangwa wongerwamo. Uyu ni wo mutima w'ibinyabuzima by'guteka inzoga, aho umusemburo urya isukari ishobora gushya mu musemburo, bigatuma habaho alcool na dioxyde de carbone (CO2). Iki gikorwa cyo gutunganya imikorere y'ibinyabutabire gitera impinduka zikomeye kandi zigereranywa mu bucucike bw'ibinyabutabire. Nyuma yo gushya mu buryo bw'ibanze, inzoga inyura mu gihe cyo gukura cyangwa gutunganya, bigatuma uburyohe butera imbere kandi ibinyabutabire bigasa neza mbere yo kuyungurura no gupakira.
Ufite ibibazo bijyanye no kunoza inzira zo gukora umusaruro？
Uruhare rw'ingenzi rwo gupima ubucucike
Ubucucike bw'umubare bukora nk'impinduka ikomeye n'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'imikorere (KPI) muri rusangeguteka inzogaNi ururimi rukoreshwa ku isi hose mu gukurikirana no kugenzura ihinduka ry'ibintu bibisi mu bicuruzwa byarangiye.
Gusobanura Ubucucike n'Ibipimo Bijyanye Nabyo
Mu guteka, ubucucike bukunze kugaragara mu buryo bwa Specific Gravity (SG), Plato (°P), cyangwa Brix (°Bx). Amazi meza afite uburemere bwihariye bwa 1.000. Isukari n'ibindi bintu bikomeye byashongeshejwe biva mu gishishwa byongera ubucucike bwa wort, bigatuma ihinduka SG nyinshi, akenshi iri hagati ya 1.030 na 1.070. Mu gihe cyo guteka, uko umusemburo uhindura iyi sukari mo alcool na CO2, ubucucike buragabanuka kuko alcool iba ntoya ugereranyije n'isukari. Uku kugabanuka k'ubucucike gukurikiranwa neza kugira ngo harebwe uko fermentation igenda ikura.
Agaciro k'ubucucike karenze gukurikirana gusa. Ni ryo shingiro ryo kubara ibipimo bibiri by'ingenzi mu guteka:
Uburemere bw'umwimerere (OG):Isesengura ry'ubucucike rikorwa mbere yuko umusemburo ushyirwa mu gipimo. Igipimo cya OG ni igipimo cy'isukari yose ishobora guterwa kandi ni igipimo cy'ibanze cyo gushushanya uburyo bwo guteka no kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Uburemere bwa nyuma (FG):Isuzuma ry’ubucucike buhamye rifatwa nyuma yo guhinga rirangiye. FG yerekana ingano y’isukari isigaye, idasembuye iri muri inzoga.
Ibarura ry'inzoga hakurikijwe ingano (ABV):Itandukaniro nyaryo riri hagati ya OG na FG rikoreshwa mu kubara neza ingano ya nyuma y'inzoga iri mu nzoga. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gushyiraho ibirango, kubahiriza amategeko, no kubungabunga imiterere y'ibicuruzwa mu byiciro byose.
Iterambere ry'Ubunini: Kuva ku Gukora Ibikenewe (Reactive) kugeza ku Gukora (Proactive)
Impinduka kuva ku gupima hakoreshejwe intoki, ukwabyo, kugera ku gupima mu buryo buhoraho, byikora, bigaragaza impinduka z'ibanze mu gucunga inzoga. Uburyo gakondo, nko gukoresha ikirahurehydrometercyangwa refractometer, bifata igihe kinini kandi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi. Buri rugero rusaba umukozi watojwe gukuramo amazi mu kigega, inzira ishobora kwanduza icyiciro. Byongeye kandi, ubu buryo butanga ishusho idahinduka mu gihe, bigatuma ibihe by'ingenzi hagati y'ibipimo bitagenzurwa.
Ibikoresho byikora kandi biri kuri interineti bitanga amakuru ahoraho, bigatuma habaho "urutoki" rw'igikorwa cyose. Uku gukurikirana guhoraho kwemerera guhindura ibintu mu buryo nyabwo no kumenya ibitagenda neza hakiri kare, birinda ko ibintu byangirika mu buryo buhenze mbere yuko bibaho. Ubu bushobozi butuma imashini ikora inzoga iva mu buryo bwo gukora inzoga, aho ibibazo bivumburwa nyuma y'ibyabaye, ikajya mu buryo bwo gukora inzoga, aho bishobora kwirindwa. Urugero, mu kugenzura umuvuduko w'impinduka mu bucucike mu gihe cyo gukora inzoga, imashini ikora inzoga ishobora kubona "imboga ipfutse" igahita ikora imyitozo, ikareba ko imboga idasenyutse.
Isesengura ry'Ubucucike bw'Umubare n'Ingorane
Ibisabwa mu buhanga mu gupima ubucucike biratandukanye cyane muri buri cyiciro cy'ibikorwaguteka inzoga. Igisubizo cy'igikoresho kimwe gihuye na byose ntabwo ari ikintu kigaragara, kuko buri gace gafite imbogamizi zidasanzwe zigomba gukemurwa kugira ngo hakusanyirizwe amakuru neza kandi yizewe.
Gusya no Kurya
Mu gihe cyo gusya, gupima ubucucike bigenzura imikorere y'impinduka za enzyme n'umusaruro wose w'ibinyampeke. Imbogamizi z'ingenzi muri iki cyiciro niubushyuhe bwinshi(kugeza kuri 78°C) no kuba hariumukungugun'ibintu bikomeye bimanitse. Ibikoresho bisanzwe nka hydrometers, bigenzurwa ku bushyuhe bwihariye kandi buri hasi cyane, bizatanga ingero zitari zo muri ubu bushyuhe. Uduce tw'ibinyampeke bimanitse n'ibintu bikomeye nabyo bishobora kubangamira ingero ndetse bikangiza ibikoresho byoroshye.
Kubira
Gupima ubucucike mu gihe cyo kubira bikoreshwa mu kugenzura uburemere bw'ibicurane mbere yo kubira no guhindura ingano y'ibicurane kugira ngo bigere ku ntego.Uburemere bw'umwimerereIki cyiciro gitanga imbogamizi z'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane hamwe n'umwuka ushyushye, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibikoresho byo gupima no kuramba kwabyo.
Gushyushya
Iki ni cyo cyiciro cy'ingenzi cyane cyo kugenzura ubucucike bw'ibinyampeke. Gikoreshwa mu gukurikirana ihinduka ry'isukari, kugenzura ubuzima bw'umusemburo, no kumenya neza igihe umusemburo urangiye. Ariko, ni nacyo kigoye cyane mu gupima. Umurimo ukomeye w'umusemburo utanga urugero rwinshi rwaUdupira twa CO2, bishobora kubangamira cyane isomwa ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigatera amakuru atari yo. Byongeye kandi, gukurura umusemburo no guhinduka vuba mu bucucike bisaba igikoresho gifite umuvuduko wo hejuru wo gusubiza hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibidukikije bihinduka kandi bikungahaye ku tunyangingo.
Gukura no Kuyungurura
Nyuma yo guhinga, ubucucike bw'inzoga bugomba kwemezwa kugira ngo hemezwe koUburemere bwa nyuma (FG)Intego yagezweho. Mu gihe cyo gukura no mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gupakira, gushyirwaho kwa CO2 mu gupima ubucucike bigoranye kuko bihindura imiterere y'amazi. Iki cyiciro gisaba ibikoresho bifatika cyane bishobora kubona impinduka zoroheje z'ubucucike no kuzitandukanya n'ingaruka za CO2 yashongeshejwe.
Imbogamizi zigaragara muri buri cyiciro cyo guteka zigaragaza ko hakenewe ikoranabuhanga rya sensor rikozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo rikore neza imiterere yaryo yihariye. Igikoresho gikora neza mu kirere gikonje kandi gisobanutse neza cya tanki ishobora kuba idakwiye kwizerwa na gato mu kirere gishyushye, gishyushye kandi cyuzuyemo umuvuduko. Ibi bituma isoko rikenera ibikoresho bikomeye kandi byizewe cyane byakozwe hifashishijwe izi mbogamizi zihariye.
Menya byinshi ku bipimo by'ubucucike
Ibindi bipimo by'imikorere kuri interineti
Isesengura rigereranya ry'ikoranabuhanga rya sensor y'ubucucike
Guhitamoigipimo cy'ubucucike bw'uruganda rukora inzogani icyemezo cy’ingenzi gishingiye ku bunini bw’uruganda rw’inzoga, ingengo y’imari yarwo, n’imbogamizi zarwo mu mikorere. Gusobanukirwa neza ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye riboneka ni ingenzi kugira ngo uhitemo neza.
Uburyo gakondo
Ibikoresho gakondo bikunze gukoreshwa cyane nihydrometerna refractometer. Ibi birahendutse kandi byoroshye kubikoresha mu bikorwa bito. Ariko, mu buryo bw'ibanze ni bike mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi. Bisaba ingero z'intoki, zitari kuri interineti, bifata igihe kinini kandi zishobora gukurura amakosa. Byongeye kandi, ntibikwiriye gupimwa mu buryo buhoraho, kandihydrometerirapimwa kugira ngo imenye ubushyuhe runaka, bigatuma idakwiriye gukoreshwa muri hot wort.
Ibikoresho bigezweho byo mu murongo
Utwuma dugezweho two mu bwoko bwa "in-line sensors" dutanga ivugurura rikomeye, ritanga amakuru ahoraho kandi aboneka mu gihe nyacyo aturutse mu buryo bw'imikorere.
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bw'iforoko bihindagurika
Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha resonator ifite prong ebyiri ihindagurika ku muvuduko runaka wa resonant. Uko ubucucike bw'amazi akikije buhinduka, bihindura umutwaro w'uburemere ku mivuduko, ibyo bigahindura umuvuduko wa vibration. Hanyuma, meter ihuza iyi frequency n'agaciro k'ubucucike. Ibipimo bya fork bihindagurika muri rusange birakomeye, nta bice bigenda, kandi bihendutse kurusha izindi ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ariko, bishobora kuba ingirakamaro ku byashyizwemoUdupira twa CO2, bishobora kubangamira ukunyeganyega no gutuma imiterere idahwitse.
Ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi ya Coriolis
Ibi bipimo bikoresha ingaruka za Coriolis kugira ngo bipime uburemere nyabwo bw'amazi n'ubucucike. Umuyoboro unyeganyega ukoreshwa mu gupima ingano y'amazi azunguruka umuyoboro uko unyuramo. Inshuro amazi anyeganyega zifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubucucike bw'amazi. Ibipimo bya Coriolis ni byiza cyane kandi bitanga ibipimo bibiri (amazi anyeganyega n'ubucucike) icyarimwe. Ni ibyizerwa cyane kandi ntibigira ingaruka zikomeye ku dupira. Ingorane nyamukuru yabyo ni igiciro cyabyo kinini mbere y'igihe, gishobora kuba kitoroshye ku bikorwa bito.
Ibipimo by'ubucucike bwa Ultrasonic
Ubu buryo bugena ubucucike bw'ijwi bupimisha umuvuduko w'ijwi mu mazi. Umuvuduko w'ijwi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga ni urwego rw'ubucucike bwaryo n'ubushyuhe bwaryo. Ibipimo bya Ultrasonic, nkaIgipimo cy'ubucucike bw'inzoga za Lonnmeter, zifite ibyiza byihariye bituma zikwiriye cyane guteka. Ntabwo ari icyuma cya kirimbuzi, nta bice bigenda, kandi ntizigira ingaruka ku buryo amazi atwara amashanyarazi, ibara, cyangwa ubwiza bw'amazi. Iyi ni inyungu ikomeye mu guteka, aho wort ishobora kuba yijimye kandi yuzuye ibicu. Ikoranabuhanga ryihariye rikoreshwa naLonnmeter alcohol densiJyeweterkuri beer by’umwihariko byongera uburyo bwo gupima, ndetse no mu binyobwa birimo utubumbe twinshi tw’umwuka, ikibazo gikomeye mu gihe cyo guhinga.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Isesengura ry'igereranya ry'ikoranabuhanga rya sensor y'ubucucike
| Ikoranabuhanga | Ihame | Ikiguzi (Ingano) | Uburinganire | Ikwiriye Ibirungo/Ubushyuhe | Porogaramu nziza |
| Hydrometer | Ubushyuhe | Hasi cyane | Hasi | Bike (udusimba, uduce duto) | Inzoga nto/zo mu rugo |
| Iforoko Inyeganyega | Inshuro zo Gusubiramo (Resonant Frequency) | Hagati | Hejuru | Bikwiye (bishobora guterwa n'udupira) | Igenzura Rusange ry'Imikorere |
| Igipimo cya Coriolis | Ingaruka za Coriolis | Hejuru cyane | Byiza cyane | Byiza cyane | Uburyo bworoshye/bw’ingenzi |
| Igipimo cya Ultrasonic | Umuvuduko w'ijwi | Kuva ku Gipimo Gito kugeza ku Giciriritse | Hejuru | Ni nziza cyane (ntiyibasiwe n'uduheri, ibara, n'umuraba) | Ibyiciro byose byo guteka inzoga, cyane cyane iy'ubushyuhe |
Ikoranabuhanga nkaIgipimo cy'ubucucike bw'inzoga za Lonnmeter, zikoresha amahame akomeye kandi yizewe ya ultrasound, zikwiriye cyane cyane guhangana n'ibibazo byihariye by'ibidukikije bikorerwamo inzoga, kuva ku bushyuhe bwinshi bw'imashini kugeza ku gipimo cya CO2 kiri hejuru mu ikorwa ry'inzoga.
Ku nganda zikora inzoga n'izihuza inzoga, inama y'ingamba ni ugushyira imbere ikoreshwa ry'ibipimo by'ubucucike mu murongo kandi uhoraho. Ishoramari rya mbere mu kigo kigezwehoigipimo cy'ubucucike bw'inzogaihita igabanuka bitewe n'inyungu zigaragara zo kugabanuka kw'abakozi, kwiyongera k'uburyo ibicuruzwa bihinduka, kugabanuka kw'igihombo cy'ingano, no gukurikirana ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa. Ubu buryo ntiburinda gusa ubuziranenge bwa buri byeri ahubwo bunatanga amakuru y'ibanze akenewe kugira ngo ibikorwa bikomeze kunozwa. Ahazaza ho guteka ntabwo ari amayobera; ni inzira ishingiye ku makuru, igenzurwa neza kuva kuri malt kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye. Shaka imwe uyigerageze nonaha.
