Pakupanga emulsion, kuwongolera khalidwe kumatsimikizira mwachindunji momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, nthawi yosungiramo zinthu, komanso kukhutitsidwa kwa makasitomala. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi ndikukhuthala kwa emulsionNgakhale kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa kukhuthala kungayambitse mavuto monga kulekanitsa gawo, kapangidwe kosasinthasintha, kapena kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito.
Yankho ili likuyang'ana kwambiri momwema viscometer a emulsion okhala ndi mzerekuthana ndi mavuto panthawi yonse yowongolera njira, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwinokukhuthala kwa emulsionpopanga zinthu mosalekeza ndikusintha kuwongolera khalidwe kukhala kasamalidwe ka njira zogwirira ntchito mwachangu.
Kodi Emulsions Ndi Chiyani?
Emulsion ndi chisakanizo chosiyana cha zakumwa ziwiri zosasakanikirana (monga mafuta ndi madzi), pomwe madzi amodzi (gawo lomwazikana) amasweka kukhala madontho ang'onoang'ono ndikuyimitsidwa mu gawo lina (gawo lopitirira). Kukhazikika kwa chisakanizochi kumadalira ma emulsifiers—zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kupsinjika kwa pamwamba pakati pa magawo awiriwa ndikuletsa kuphatikizika kwa madontho.
Makhalidwe ofunikira a emulsions omwe amagwirizana mwachindunji ndikukhuthala kwa emulsionkuphatikizapo:
- Kapangidwe ka gawo: Chiŵerengero cha kufalikira ku gawo lopitirira chimakhudza mwachindunji kukhuthala (monga, kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu emulsion ya mafuta ndi madzi kumawonjezekakukhuthala kwa emulsion yamadzi amafuta).
- Kukula kwa dontho: Madontho ang'onoang'ono amapanga kukangana kwakukulu pakati pa magawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhuthala kukhale kwakukulu; madontho akuluakulu, ophatikizidwa pamodzi amachepetsa kukhuthala ndi kusakhazikika kwa chizindikiro.
- Mtundu wa Emulsifier ndi kuchuluka kwake: Ma emulsifier osiyanasiyana (monga ma surfactants, ma polima) amasintha gawo lozungulira madontho, zomwe zimasintha momwe emulsion imayendera (ndipo motero kukhuthala kwake).
Mitundu ya Emulsions
Kumvetsetsamitundu ya emulsionndikofunikira kwambiri posankha choyeneraemulsion viscometer, chifukwa mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera a kukhuthala ndi zofunikira pakupanga. Magulu odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
Ndi Gawo Lopangidwa
- Ma Emulsion a Mafuta-M'madzi (O/W): Gawo lopitirira ndi madzi, ndipo gawo lobalalika ndi mafuta (monga mkaka, zodzoladzola nkhope). Ma emulsion amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi otsikakukhuthala kwa emulsion yamadzi amafutapoyerekeza ndi mitundu ya W/O, chifukwa madzi ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa mafuta ambiri.
- Ma Emulsion Opangidwa ndi Mafuta (Opanda Mafuta)Gawo lopitirira ndi mafuta, ndipo gawo lobalalika ndi madzi (monga batala, mafuta a injini).kukhuthala kwa emulsionnthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera chifukwa cha mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amapitirira.
- Ma Emulsion Angapo: Zosakaniza zovuta monga mafuta-m'madzi-m'mafuta (O/W/O) kapena madzi-m'madzi-m'madzi (W/O/W) (monga mankhwala oletsa kutulutsa). Izi zili ndi ma profiles a viscosity omwe amafunikira kuwunika kolondola komanso nthawi yeniyeni kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa gawo.
- Ma Macroemulsions: Kukula kwa madontho kumayambira pa 0.1–10 μm; ndi osawonekera bwino ndipo ali ndi kukhuthala kokhazikika ngati apangidwa bwino.
- Ma MicroemulsionsKukula kwa madontho < 0.1 μm; ndi owonekera bwino ndipo ali ndi zotsikaemulsion ya kukhuthalachifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madontho.
- Ma NanoemulsionsMadontho a madontho ndi 10–100 nm; amalimbitsa kukhazikika ndi kukhuthala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala opangidwa bwino.
Ndi Kukula kwa Dontho
Njira Zopangira Emulsion - Kodi Emulsion Amapangidwa Bwanji?
Kupanga emulsion ndi njira yopitilira masitepe ambiri pomwe gawo lililonse limakhudza gawo lomalizakukhuthala kwa emulsion; kukonza kosalekeza kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pali kukhuthala kwa nthawi yeniyeni. Njira yogwirira ntchito yanthawi zonse imaphatikizapo:
Kukonzekera koyambirira
- Kukonzekera Zinthu Zopangira: Yesani ndi kutentha mafuta, madzi, ndi ma emulsifiers kufika pa kutentha komwe mukufuna (nthawi zambiri 50–80°C) kuti muchepetse kukhuthala ndikuwongolera kusamvana. Kusintha kwa kutentha pano kungayambitse kusintha koyambirira kwa kukhuthala, kotero kuphatikizaemulsion ya kukhuthalaChowunikira chokhala ndi sensa yoyezera kutentha n'chofunika kwambiri.
- Kuchepa kwa mphamvu: Chotsani thovu la mpweya kuchokera ku zinthu zopangira, chifukwa mpweya wotsekeredwa umachepetsa kukhuthala kwa mpweya ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kuwerengako kusalondola (ndipo motero kuwongolera khalidwe sikoyenera).
Kusakaniza (Gawo Lalikulu)
Gawo ili limagawa gawo lomwazikana kukhala madontho ang'onoang'ono ndikulisakaniza ndi gawo lopitilira—choyambitsa chachikulu cha gawo lomalizakukhuthala kwa emulsion yamadzi amafuta:
- Kusakaniza Kudula Mofulumira Kwambiri: Imagwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za rotor-stator kuti ipange kumeta kwambiri; kuchuluka kwa kumeta kwambiri kumachepetsa kukula kwa madontho ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala (mpaka pamlingo wina, pambuyo pake kumeta kwina kumakhala kochepa).
- Kusasinthika kwa homogenization: Imagwiritsa ntchito ma homogenizer amphamvu kwambiri (10–100 MPa) kuti ipange madontho ofanana; sitepe iyi ndi yofala mu mkaka ndi mankhwala, pomwe imakhala yofananakukhuthala kwa emulsionsizingatheke kukambirana.
- Kutulutsa kwa Ultrasonic: Imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kuswa madontho a madzi; yabwino kwambiri pa nanoemulsions, komwe kuwongolera kolondola kwa kukhuthala kumaletsa kusonkhana kwa madontho a madzi.
- Kuziziritsa: Chepetsani kutentha kwa emulsion kufika kutentha kwa chipinda kapena kosungirako; kukhuthala nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka pamene emulsion ikuzizira, kotero kuyang'anira mkati mwake kumatsimikizira kuti imakhala mkati mwa zomwe zafotokozedwa.
- Kuphatikiza KowonjezeraOnjezani zosungira, zonunkhira, kapena zosakaniza zogwira ntchito; izi zitha kusintha kukhuthala kwa thupi (monga, zokhuthala zimawonjezekaemulsion ya kukhuthala), zomwe zimafuna kusintha nthawi yomweyo.
- KuseferaChotsani tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono kapena madontho osasungunuka; kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa kukhuthala kwa madzi kungasonyeze kutsekeka kwa fyuluta kapena kulekanitsidwa kwa gawo.
Kukonza Pambuyo
Zoyambira za kukhazikika kwa emulsion
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Mavuto mu Kuzindikira Kukhuthala kwa Emulsions Yopitirira
Kwa mainjiniya a njira ndi akatswiri aukadaulo, mosalekezakukhuthala kwa emulsionKuwunika kumakumana ndi zovuta zapadera zomwe zida zachikhalidwe (monga ma viscometer osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti, machubu agalasi a capillary) sizingathe kuthana nazo. Mavuto awa ndi awa:
- Nthawi Yochedwa ndi Kuyesa Kopanda PaintanetiNjira zogwiritsira ntchito pa intaneti zimafuna kutengera zitsanzo, kunyamula, ndi kusanthula zitsanzo—njira yomwe imatenga mphindi 15-60. Pakupanga kosalekeza, kuchedwa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti mavuto a kukhuthala amapezeka mochedwa kwambiri kuti asunge magulu onse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kokwera mtengo.
- Chitsanzo Chopotoza: Mukatenga zitsanzo kuchokera ku mzere wopanga,kukhuthala kwa emulsion yamadzi amafutakusintha chifukwa cha kutayika kwa kutentha, kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha shear, kapena kuphatikizika kwa madontho. Motero, kuwerenga kwa labu sikukuwonetsa kukhuthala kwenikweni komwe kulipo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kolakwika kwa njira.
- Mikhalidwe Yovuta Yopangira: Kupanga ma emulsion nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kutentha kwambiri (< 450°C, malinga ndi zomwe makampani amafotokozera), kupsinjika kwakukulu (> 10 MPa nthawi zina), ndi zosakaniza zowononga (monga, magawo amadzi acidic). Masensa achikhalidwe amalephera msanga pano, chifukwa alibe chitetezo cholimba kapena kuyanjana ndi zinthu.
- Khalidwe Losakhala la Madzi a NewtonianMa emulsion ambiri si a Newtonian—emulsion ya kukhuthalaKusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa kumeta tsitsi (monga, ma emulsion ometa tsitsi amachepa pamene kumeta tsitsi kumawonjezeka). Ma viscometer osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti amayesa kuchuluka kwa kumeta tsitsi kokhazikika, kotero sangathe kujambula kusintha kwa kumeta tsitsi komwe kumachitika m'mapampu, makina osakaniza, kapena mapaipi.
- Kukonza ndi Kuchotsa Zonyansa za Sensor: Ma emulsion amatha kusiya zotsalira pamalo a sensa, makamaka ngati ali ndi zinthu zolimba (monga zodzoladzola zodzaza ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono). Kuyipa kumeneku kumasokoneza kuwerenga kwa zinthu pakapita nthawi, ndipo masensa omwe amafunika kuchotsedwa pafupipafupi kuti ayeretsedwe amasokoneza kupanga.
Lonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer - Njira Yothetsera Kukhuthala kwa Emulsion
Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa,Lonnmeter in-line process viscometeryapangidwa makamaka kuti ikhale yopitilirakukhuthala kwa emulsionKuwunika. Ndi chisankho chachikulu kwa opanga emulsion chifukwa chimaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito olimba, kusinthasintha kwa emulsion, komanso mphamvu zowongolera nthawi yeniyeni - zofunika kwambiri kwa magulu oyang'anira kupanga omwe akuyang'ana kwambiri pakusintha koyezera.
Magawo Ofunika (Opangidwira Kupanga Emulsion)
Ma specs a Lonnmeter amathetsa mwachindunji mavuto a emulsion viscosity monitoring, kuonetsetsa kuti kulondola ndi kudalirika m'mikhalidwe yovuta kapena yosinthasintha:
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera | Chifukwa Chake Ndi Chofunika pa Emulsions |
| Kukhuthala kwa Ma Viscosity | 1 - 1,000,000 cP | Chimaphimba zonsemitundu ya emulsion(kuyambira ma microemulsions otsika-kukhuthala mpaka mafuta opaka a W/O okwera-kukhuthala). |
| Kulondola | ± 3.0% | Kuonetsetsakukhuthala kwa emulsionimakhala mkati mwa zofunikira zochepa (monga, ±5% ya emulsions ya mankhwala). |
| Kubwerezabwereza | ± 1% | Amachotsa kusinthasintha kwa mawerengedwe omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa madontho a emulsion. |
| Kukana Kutentha | < 450°C | Imapirira njira zoyeretsera kutentha kwambiri (monga kupanga mafuta opangira mafakitale). |
| Sensor Pressure Range | < 6.4 MPa (yosinthidwa kuti igwire ntchito >10 MPa) | Amasinthasintha kuti agwirizane ndi mizere ya homogenization yothamanga kwambiri, komwekukhuthala kwa emulsion yamadzi amafutandi yofunika kwambiri. |
| Zinthu Zofunika | 316 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira (chokhazikika) | Imalimbana ndi dzimbiri chifukwa cha acidic kapena alkaline emulsion, zomwe zimaletsa kuwonongeka kwa sensor. |
| Mulingo Woteteza | IP68 (sensa) / IP67 (zamagetsi) | Zimateteza ku madzi, fumbi, ndi emulsion m'malo opangidwa mopanda dongosolo. |
| Muyezo Wosaphulika | ExdIIBT4 | Ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mizere ya emulsion yochokera ku petrochemical kapena solvent (monga ma emulsifiers a oilfield). |
| Nthawi Yoyankha Chizindikiro | 5s | Imajambula kusintha kwamphamvu kwa viscosity (monga, panthawi yowonjezeredwa kwa emulsifier) ndipo imayambitsa kusintha kwachangu. |
| Zotsatira | 4 - 20 mADC (kukhuthala/kutentha) + Modbus | Imagwirizana ndi ma PLC kapena ma SCADA systems kuti azilamulira machitidwe okha komanso kuti azitha kulemba deta. |
Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito - Yopangidwira Khalidwe Loyenda kwa Emulsion
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya Lonnmeter imayang'ana pa momwe ma emulsions osakhala a Newtonian komanso osinthasintha amagwirira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola.emulsion ya kukhuthalakuwerenga popanda kusokoneza kupanga:
- Sensa yozungulira ya viscometer imasinthasintha mozungulira pa nthawi yokhazikika. Pamene emulsion ikuyenda pamwamba pa sensa, madziwo amadulidwa—monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kuchuluka kwa kudulidwa komwe kumapezeka mu mizere yeniyeni yopangira (monga mapampu, osakaniza).
- Zosintha mukukhuthala kwa emulsionkusintha mphamvu zomwe zimatayika panthawi yozungulira: kukhuthala kwakukulu kumapanga kukana kwambiri, kuwonjezera kutayika kwa mphamvu; kukhuthala kochepa kumachepetsa kukana.
- Dera lamagetsi la sensa limazindikira kutayika kwa mphamvu kumeneku, limasinthira ku mtengo wa kukhuthala, ndikutumiza detayo nthawi yeniyeni (kudzera pa 4–20 mADC kapena Modbus).
- Mosiyana ndi ma viscometer achikhalidwe, alibe ziwalo zosuntha, zotsekera, kapena ma bearing. Kapangidwe kameneka kamachotsa kuipitsidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira za emulsion (palibe ming'alu yoti ikulungidwe) ndipo kamachepetsa kukonza—kofunikira kwambiri popanga nthawi zonse maola 24 pa sabata.
Dziwani Zambiri Zokhudza Ma Meter Ochulukirachulukira
Mayeso Ena Ogwiritsa Ntchito Paintaneti
Ubwino wa Inline Emulsion Viscometer (Lonnmeter) kwa Opanga Emulsion
Kwa madipatimenti ndi mainjiniya okonza njira, Lonnmeter imapereka maubwino ooneka bwino komanso oyeretsedwa omwe amawongolera mwachindunji khalidwe, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama—zonsezi zimadalira pa kulondola.kukhuthala kwa emulsionkuwongolera:
Kusinthasintha Kokha kwa Emulsion
- Amasamalira Madzi Osakhala a Newtonian: Mwa kumeta emulsion pamlingo wometa womwe uli pamzere, imapereka kulondolakukhuthala kwa emulsion yamadzi amafutakuwerenga komwe kumagwirizana ndi momwe zinthu zilili zenizeni—osati kokha momwe zinthu zilili m'ma labu.
- Amalimbana ndi Mavuto Ovuta: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316, chitetezo cha IP68, komanso kupirira kutentha/kupanikizika kwambiri kumatanthauza kuti chimagwira ntchito modalirika m'malo onse opangira emulsion, kuyambira kukonza chakudya (zofunikira zoyera pamalopo) mpaka mankhwala a petrochemical (mlengalenga wophulika).
- Amachotsa Zinyalala Zambiri: Kuwerengera kwa viscosity nthawi yomweyo kumalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha magawo (monga, mlingo wa emulsifier, kuchuluka kwa shear) mumasekondi— emulsion yosafanana isanapangidwe.
- Kutsimikizira Kusasinthasintha: ±1% kubwerezabwereza kumatanthauza kuti gulu lililonse lili ndi zofananaemulsion ya kukhuthala, kuchepetsa madandaulo a makasitomala ndi kukonzanso.
- Amachepetsa Ntchito Yamanja: Palibenso kusanthula kwa ma labotale kapena kusanthula kwa ma labotale—kumasula akatswiri pantchito zapamwamba.
- Zimasinthiratu Kusintha kwa Njira: Imagwirizana ndi ma PLC kuti isinthe zokha magawo (monga, kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa homogenizer ngati kukhuthala kwatsika) — kuchepetsa zolakwika za anthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikugwirizana maola 24 pa sabata.
- Deta Yophimbika ya Zolemba: Masitolo otulutsa zinthu za Modbuskukhuthala kwa emulsionndi deta ya kutentha, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pakutsata malamulo (monga, zofunikira za FDA pa emulsions ya mankhwala) kapena kusanthula chifukwa cha mizu (monga, kutsatira chifukwa chake kukhuthala kwa thupi kunakwera kwambiri kusintha komaliza).
- Ma alamu Oyambitsa: Ma alamu ofulumira amachenjeza ogwiritsa ntchito za kukhuthala kosayembekezereka, zomwe zimaletsa nthawi yotsika mtengo yogwira ntchito kapena kulephera kwa batch.
Kuwongolera Ubwino Pa Nthawi Yeniyeni
Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera
Kutsata ndi Kutsatira Deta
Ngati gulu lanu lopanga emulsion lili okonzeka kusintha kuchoka pa kuchita zinthu mwachangu kupita ku kuchita zinthu mwachangukukhuthala kwa emulsionkuwongolera—ndi kuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu, kukonza ubwino, ndi kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito— ndi nthawi yopempha mtengo wa Lonnmeter pa intanetiemulsion viscometerPemphani mtengo wanu lero kuti muyambe kukonza bwino mawonekedwe anu a emulsion - ndikupeza nthawi zonsekukhuthala kwa emulsion yamadzi amafutamakasitomala anu akuyembekezera.
