Kuyeza Kuchuluka kwa Shuga Pakupanga Yogurt
Kumvetsetsa kwapadera kwamzere wopanga yogurtndikofunikira kwambiri pozindikira mfundo zofunika kwambiri pakuyeza molondola. Njirayi ndi yogwirizana kwambiri pakati pa kusintha kwa thupi ndi zochita zamoyo, komwe kusintha pang'ono pamlingo uliwonse kumatha kubweretsa kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomaliza. Kusanthula kumeneku kumagawa unyolo wovutawu kuti uwonetse cholinga chenicheni komanso nthawi yofunika kwambiri yakuyeza kuchuluka kwa shugapa gawo lililonse.
The ModernYogurt ProductionPrmalos
Kusakaniza ndi Kukhazikitsa Zopangira Zoyamba
Iyi ndi gawo loyambira pomwe mkaka wosaphika, ufa wa mkaka, ndi zotsekemera zamadzimadzi zimasakanizidwa kuti zikwaniritse zolinga zinazake. Ubwino wa chinthu chomaliza umadalira pa muyezo woyambawu. Cholinga chachikulu apa ndikukhazikitsa poyambira yeniyeni komanso yokhazikika ya gulu lonse lopanga, kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga onse okhuthala, kuphatikiza lactose ndi zotsekemera zina zilizonse zowonjezera, zikuwongoleredwa molondola. Ichi ndi chofunikira kuti njira zotsatizana zidziwike bwino komanso kuti zitsimikizire kuti zonse zikugwirizana. Zipangizo zopangira yogurt zimafuna miyezo yapamwamba, monga mkaka wolimba wosachepera 11.2%. Kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chizindikiro cha khalidwe la zakumwa za mkaka, nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa ngati peresenti ya zinthu zolimba zosungunuka (°Brix).
Kulondola kwa muyeso woyambawu kumakhudza momwe shuga amagwirira ntchito nthawi yonseyi. Cholakwika chochepa pakuchuluka kwa shuga koyambirira chingayambitse kusintha kwakukulu komanso kosayembekezereka kwa kayendedwe ka kuwira. Ntchito ya kagayidwe kachakudya kaStreptococcus thermophilusndiLactobacillus bulgaricusKuchuluka kwa shuga m'mbewu kumakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kupezeka kwa shuga m'thupi lawo, zomwe zimakhudza kutsika kwa pH ndi kukoma, fungo, ndi kusinthasintha kwa yogurt. Kulondola koyamba sikungokhudza kukwaniritsa zofunikira; koma kumafuna kukhazikitsa njira yodziwikiratu yachilengedwe, yomwe ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri yowongolera khalidwe la zinthu zophikidwa.
Chithandizo cha Kuyambitsa Kuphika Asanayambike (Homogenization & Pasteurization)
Pambuyo pokhazikitsa muyezo, maziko a mkaka amasinthidwa kuti mafuta asamagawane ndipo amasinthidwa kukhala mapuloteni owonongeka ndikuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osafunikira. Muyeso pa siteji iyi umakhala ngati chitsimikizo chomaliza cha kapangidwe ka mkaka asanaperekedwe katemera wa zoyambira. Mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri imafuna sensa yolimba komanso yolimba ku kutentha, kupanikizika, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya.
Kulimba mtima ndi njira yoyesera khalidwe yosakambirana ya sensa panthawiyi. Masensa achikhalidwe owunikira kapena gravimetric angalephereke m'malo ovuta awa. Ma Refractometer amatha kusinthasintha kutentha komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa mkaka wofanana.sensa ya ultrasoundKomabe, amatha kuthana ndi kutentha kumeneku (mpaka200°C) ndipo sichimakhudzidwa ndi mtundu, kuonekera bwino, komanso kuchuluka kwa thovu komwe kumadziwika ndi maziko a yogurt. Uku sikusintha pang'onopang'ono; ndi luso lofunikira lomwe limapangitsa kuti kuyeza kwa mzere kutheke panthawi yofunikayi.
Kukoma Pambuyo pa Kuphika ndi Kukoma
Pambuyo pophika, yogurt imaziziritsidwa kuti ichepetse kupanga asidi. Apa ndi pomwe kukoma, zipatso, ndi zotsekemera zimawonjezeredwa ku maziko omwe tsopano ali olimba. Iyi ndiye mfundo yayikulu yomalizakuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga, zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mawonekedwe omaliza a kumverera. Cholinga choyezera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chinthu chomalizidwa chikukwaniritsa kukoma, zakudya zomwe zimafunikira, komanso zofunikira pakulemba kuti chikhale chotsekemera. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera shuga ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudziwa kukoma komaliza, fungo, mtundu, ndi makulidwe a yogurt. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepetsa kukoma kowawasa ndipo kumakhudza kukoma ndi fungo la chinthu chomaliza.
Kuyeza pa siteji iyi kungakhale chida chomangira mtundu. Kuchuluka kwa shuga komaliza sikungokhala nambala yokha pa pepala lofotokozera; ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri kwa ogula. Mumakampani omwe ogula akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuwongolera molondola ndi chinthu chosiyanitsa mpikisano. Mwa kufika pamlingo wolondola wa kukoma kokoma, wopanga akhoza kutsimikizira kukoma kokhazikika, komwe kumayembekezeredwa kwa mtundu wake, kuchepetsa madandaulo a ogula ndikulimbitsa kukhulupirika kwa mtunduwo. Kutha kusintha nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yeniyeni pa siteji iyi, m'malo modalira kusintha kwa magulu, ndi njira yolunjika yopezera utsogoleri wabwino.
Kudzaza/Kuyika Patsogolo
Iyi ndi njira yomaliza yopezera zinthu zabwino musanatseke ndi kutumiza. Ndi njira yomaliza yotsimikizira ubwino wa zinthu. Cholinga chake ndikuchita kafukufuku womaliza komanso wotsimikizika wotsimikizira ubwino wa zinthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti chidebe chilichonse chikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa mbiri ya kukoma ndi malamulo.
Muyeso womaliza uwu umasintha njira yodziwira zinthu kuchoka pa njira yosinthira, yokonza zinthu kupita pa njira yodziwira zinthu, yopewera zinthu. Sikuti ndi nkhani yokonza zinthu koma ndi nkhani yotsimikizira zinthuzo. Mwa kukhala ndi chitsimikizo chomaliza chokhazikika, wopanga zinthu amatha kuzindikira mwachangu ndikuyika m'malo mwa chinthu chilichonse chomwe sichinatchulidwe bwino chisanafike pamsika, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kubweza zinthu modula, kuwonongeka kwa mbiri, komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi utumiki wa makasitomala. Nthawi yofulumira yoyankha ya sensa ya ultrasound yomwe ili pamzere ndi yofunika kwambiri pano, chifukwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera valavu yosinthira zinthu kuti ichotse zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi malamulo.
Muli ndi mafunso okhudza kukonza njira zopangira？
Gome 1 limapereka njira yomveka bwino, yodziwikiratu kwa mainjiniya ndi oyang'anira njira, kuzindikira mfundo zazikulu zowongolera, cholinga chawo, ndi zofunikira. Limagwira ntchito ngati chimango chowonekera cha zokambirana zonse zanzeru, kusonyeza kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwanjira yopangira yogurt yamalonda.
Gome 1: Magawo Ofunikira a Muyeso ndi Zolinga mu Njira Yopangira Yogurt
| Gawo | Cholinga Chachikulu | Magawo Ofunika | Kulondola Kofunikira |
| Kusakaniza ndi Kukhazikitsa Zopangira Zoyamba | Khazikitsani malo oyambira okhazikika; onetsetsani kuti zinthu zikugwirizana nthawi zonse. | Kuchuluka kwa Shuga (°Brix), Kuchuluka kwa Lactose, Kutentha. | ± 0.01 Brix (kapena kupitirira apo) |
| Chithandizo cha Maziko Oyambira Asanayambe Kuphika | Kutsimikizira komaliza kwa kapangidwe kake musanapereke katemera; onetsetsani kuti mukupirira ku zinthu zovuta. | Kuchuluka kwa Shuga (°Brix), Kutentha, Kuchuluka kwa Shuga. | ± 0.05 Brix |
| Kukoma Pambuyo pa Kuphika ndi Kukoma | Yang'anirani mbiri yomaliza ya kumverera; onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira zofunikira pakulemba. | Kuchuluka kwa Shuga Komaliza (°Brix), Asidi (pH). | ± 0.05 Brix |
| Kudzaza/Kuyika Patsogolo | Kuwunika komaliza kotsimikizira khalidwe; kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kubwezedwa ndi mbiri ya kampani. | Kuchuluka kwa Shuga Komaliza (°Brix), Kukhuthala. | ± 0.05 Brix |
Ubwino wa Ultrasonic: Kusambira Mozama Kwambiri
Gawoli likufotokoza chifukwa chake ukadaulo wa ma ultrasound si njira ina yokha, koma ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira yogurt.
Mfundo Zoyesera za Ultrasonic
Mfundo yaikulu yoyezera kuchuluka kwa mawu pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound ndi ubale wachindunji pakati pa liwiro la mawu kudzera mu sing'anga ndi makhalidwe ake enieni, monga kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu. Sensa imatulutsa mafunde a ultrasound, imayesa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti iyende mtunda wokhazikika kupita ku wolandila, ndikuwerengera liwiro la mawu pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:
v=d/t. Liwiro la phokosoli limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zasungunuka.Akupanga Kuchuluka kwa MiyesoMwachitsanzo, imagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo imeneyi ndipo ili ndi kulondola kwa muyeso wa 0.05% mpaka 0.1%.
Kusanthula Koyerekeza kwa Ukadaulo Woyezera
Mu njira yovuta monga yogurt, ukadaulo wachikhalidwe woyezera uli ndi zoletsa zazikulu. Kuyerekeza mbali ndi mbali kumasonyeza bwino luso la njira ya ultrasound.
Ma Refractometer:Zipangizozi zimadalira kuwala komwe kumaonekera pang'onopang'ono. Kufooka kwawo kwakukulu pakupanga yogurt ndi kuthekera kwawo kukhudzana ndi kukhuthala, mtundu, ndi tinthu tomwe timasungunuka, zomwe zonse ndi zizindikiro za madzi. Ndi ukadaulo wa kuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino pa zinthu zosawoneka bwino.
Mamita Ochulukirachulukira:Zipangizozi zimayesa kuchulukana kuti zizindikire kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Ngakhale zili zothandiza, zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa thovu kapena mpweya wolowa mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika muyeso.
Kuyeza kwa Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy:Ngakhale kuti ndi yachangu komanso yothandiza pofufuza shuga, NIR ikhoza kukhala yovuta ndipo ingafunike chitsanzo choyera, kusanthula kwakukulu, ndi kusanthula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kwakuti ma refractometer ndi ma density meters amayesa makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a thupi (refractive index ndi density, motsatana) kuti azindikire mtengo womwewo (°Brix). Izi zimapangitsa kuti apereke zotsatira zosiyana za chitsanzo chomwecho cha zinthu zambiri. Izi si kusiyana kochepa kwaukadaulo; ndi vuto lalikulu la kusamveka bwino komanso kusasinthasintha. Sensor ya ultrasonic, yomwe ndi muyeso umodzi, womwe uli pamzere, imachotsa kusamveka kumeneku. Imapereka gwero limodzi, logwirizana, komanso lodalirika la chowonadi, motero imapangitsa kuti kuwongolera kwabwino kukhale kosavuta ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kufananizidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira zomera kapena mizere yopangira. Izi zimasuntha kuwongolera kwabwino kuchoka pa njira yodziyimira payokha, yodalira zida kupita ku imodzi, yolingalirika, komanso yotsimikizika.
Gome 2 limapereka kufananiza kwathunthu kwa ukadaulo uwu.
Gome 2: Kuyerekeza kwa ukadaulo wa muyeso wa kuzama kwa mzere
| Ukadaulo | Kulondola | Chitetezo ku Kutupa/Utoto | Chitetezo chamthupi ku Thovu | Kulimba kwa CIP/SIP | Kukonza | Kuvuta kwa Kukonza |
| Akupanga | Zapamwamba (± 0.01% ya kuchuluka) | Pamwamba (osakhudzidwa) | Pamwamba (osakhudzidwa) | Zapamwamba (zomangidwa ndi cholinga) | Zochepa Kwambiri (palibe ziwalo zosuntha) | Yapakatikati (ndi ML) |
| Refractometer | Wokwera (mu madzi oyera) | Zochepa (zosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi osawonekera bwino) | Pakatikati | Yapakatikati (prism ikhoza kuipitsa) | Pakatikati (kuyeretsa/kubwezeretsanso zero) | Yotsika (ya sucrose yeniyeni) |
| Chiyeso cha Kuchuluka kwa Kachulukidwe | Pamwamba | Pamwamba (osakhudzidwa) | Low (yokhudzidwa ndi mpweya) | Yapakatikati (sensa ikhoza kuipitsa) | Pakatikati (kuyeretsa/kubwezeretsanso zero) | Yotsika (ya sucrose yeniyeni) |
| NIR Spectroscopy | Pamwamba | Zochepa (zingakhale zomvera) | Pakatikati | Zochepa | Kuwerengera kwakukulu (kovuta) | Wapamwamba (wosiyanasiyana) |
Dziwani Zambiri Zokhudza Ma Meter Ochulukirachulukira
Mayeso Ena Ogwiritsa Ntchito Paintaneti
Kuthana ndi Mavuto a Zachilengedwe
Makampani opanga mkaka ndi amodzi mwa malo ovuta kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito masensa oyendetsera ntchito chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, kupanikizika, komanso zofunikira kwambiri paukhondo. Sensa ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha yankho lopangidwa kuti lithetse mavutowa. Sili ndi utoto, kukhuthala, komanso kuchuluka kwa thovu ndipo limatha kugwira ntchito kutentha mpaka 200°C komanso kupsinjika mpaka 500 Bar. Izi zili pamwamba kwambiri pa kutentha kofunikira kuti pasteurization ichitike (90-95°C) ndi njira za CIP/SIP (mpaka 130°C). Sensayi idapangidwanso kuti igwirizane ndi CIP, yokhala ndi transducer yaukhondo komanso kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Kuthekera kwa sensa kupirira ma CIP/SIP cycles popanda kuchotsa pamanja ndi phindu lalikulu pa ntchito komanso zachuma. Kafukufuku wochitidwa pa sensa ya ultrasound level akuwonetsa momwe kudziyeretsa, mapangidwe aukhondo kumachotsera zosowa zosamalira ndi kuwerenga zabodza kuchokera ku condensation ndi thovu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yogwira ntchito imachepetsa, ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito, komanso kudalirika kwa njira. Sensa si chida choyezera chokha; ndi chuma chomwe chimaphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko zoyeretsera ndi kukonza za fakitale, zomwe zimathandiza mwachindunji pakugwira ntchito bwino komanso phindu la ndalama.
Kusanthula Kwapamwamba ndi Kudziyendetsa: Kupititsa Malire a Kuwongolera Njira
Mtengo weniweni wa sensa yolimba umapezeka pamene deta yake ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira ndi dongosolo lanzeru lodzipangira lokha. Gawoli likufotokoza momwe deta yosaphika kuchokera ku masensa a ultrasonic imasinthidwira kukhala luntha lochitapo kanthu, kuthana ndi mavuto ovuta kwambiri a kusanthula kwa zinthu zambiri komanso kuphatikiza kwa zomera zonse.
Kudziwa Kukonza Ma Matrices Ovuta
Yogurt si njira yosavuta yopezera sucrose m'madzi. Ndi njira yovuta ya lactose, zotsekemera zowonjezera, mapuloteni, ndi mafuta. Kuyeza liwiro la phokoso limodzi sikungakhale kokwanira kusiyanitsa pakati pa zigawozi. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuyeza kwa ultrasound kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma algorithms apamwamba ophunzirira makina, monga Partial Least Squares (PLS) ndi Support Vector Machines (SVM), kuti adziwire kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso zambiri. Izi zimapereka mwayi wopikisana kwambiri popanga chakudya. Kusakaniza kwa ma sensor ambiri ndi njira ina yamphamvu yowongolera kulondola pophatikiza deta kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Vuto la kusiyanitsa shuga m'zigawo zambiri silithetsedwa ndi sensa yokha, koma ndi kuphatikiza kwa sensa ndi kusanthula kwapamwamba. Sensa imapereka deta yochuluka yafupipafupi, ndipo chitsanzo chophunzirira makina, chophunzitsidwa pa deta yakale kuchokera ku maphikidwe osiyanasiyana azinthu, chimaphunzira kulumikiza molondola kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumafunidwa. Izi zikuyimira kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera ku muyeso wosavuta wochokera ku fizikisi kupita ku chitsanzo cholosera chapamwamba, choyendetsedwa ndi deta. Mphamvu imeneyi imasintha sensa kuchoka pa chida chosavuta kukhala chida "chanzeru" chowunikira chomwe chingathe kuthana ndi kusiyana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa kupanga chakudya chenicheni.
Kuphatikiza kwa SCADA/DCS Kopanda Msoko
Sensa ndi yabwino pokhapokha ngati ingathe kulankhulana ndi kulumikizana ndi dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha la chomera. Sensa ya PS7020 imathandizira njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana, kuphatikizapo RS485, Modbus, Profibus-DP, Bluetooth 5.3, ndi ma output awiri a 4-20mA ndi HART. Njira zolumikizirana zokhazikika monga HART ndi Modbus ndizofunikira kwambiri polumikiza zida zam'munda ndi njira zowunikira ndi zowongolera. Njira zopezera deta mwachangu (DAQs) ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika ndi kuwongolera nthawi yeniyeni, kupereka kuchedwa kochepa komanso kukonza deta mwachangu.
Makampani opanga mkaka ali ndi vuto la "deta yobisika ndi chidziwitso" zomwe zimalepheretsa kusanthula kofunikira. Posankha sensa yokhala ndi chithandizo chachilengedwe cha ma protocol ofanana ndi mafakitale, kampani yopanga mkaka imatha kupewa mapulojekiti ovuta komanso okwera mtengo ophatikizana. Kuthekera kotenga osati mtengo umodzi wokha komanso zinthu zina monga liwiro la mawu ndi kutentha pa protocol ya digito monga HART kapena Modbus kumapereka deta yochuluka yowunikira komanso kuthetsa mavuto. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe ka makina kakhale kosavuta komanso kupereka mawonekedwe amodzi, ogwirizana a njirayi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa "kupanga mwanzeru".
Kupititsa patsogolo Kugwirizana kwa Zinthu ndi Mtengo wa Brand
Ubwino wokhazikika ndiye maziko a kukhulupirika kwa kampani. Njira yodalirika yoyezera imatsimikizira kuti chinthu chomaliza chikwaniritsa zomwe ogula amayembekezera nthawi zonse. Kuyeza kolondola nthawi yeniyeni ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonza njira, kuwongolera khalidwe, komanso kupanga zisankho mwachangu. Kukoma ndi khalidwe la chinthu chokhazikika kumakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga komaliza.
Kufunika kwa kusinthasintha sikupitirira kupeŵa madandaulo a makasitomala. Kampani yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha malonda ake odalirika komanso apamwamba imatha kukhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba, kukulitsa gawo lake pamsika, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zotsatsa. Dongosolo loyezera nthawi yeniyeni limapereka maziko oyendetsedwa ndi deta a kusiyanitsa kwa khalidweli. Limathandizira kusintha kuchoka pa chitsanzo chotsimikizira khalidwe chosinthika kupita ku chitsanzo cholimbikitsa, chomanga dzina.
Kugwira Ntchito Bwino & Kusunga Ndalama Zosungira
Kapangidwe kolimba ka masensa a ultrasound kamabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa nthawi yayitali. Mawonekedwe odzikonzera okha komanso odziyeretsa okha a masensa apamwamba a ultrasound amachotsa kuwerenga kolakwika ndi mavuto okonza omwe amavutitsa machitidwe ena. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu kafukufuku wa kafukufuku pomwe malo opangira mkaka adawona kudalirika kwa njira komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito yochepa. Kusowa kwa zida zosuntha ndi zogwiritsidwa ntchito kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yankho lokhazikika, ndikusiya nthawi yofunika kwambiri yaukadaulo ndi kukonza. Mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO) wa makina olimba a ultrasound ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa makina achikhalidwe omwe amafunikira kukonza pafupipafupi, kukonzanso, kapena kukhala ndi moyo waufupi m'malo ovuta.
Ma ultrasound a pamzerekuyeza kuchuluka kwa shugaikuyimira kukwera kwakukulu kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zamakampani opanga mkaka, kuchoka pa kudalira njira zogwirira ntchito, zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja, komanso zosadalirika kupita ku njira yogwirira ntchito, yoyendetsedwa ndi deta, komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri.Contact Lonnmeter ndi stzaluso inurprocess optimizatayoni.
