Makampani opanga zodzoladzola amakono amadziwika ndi mitundu yovuta, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi madzi osakhala a Newtonian. Makhalidwe a rheological a zinthuzi, monga kuchekerera ndi thixotropy, amachititsa kuti njira zachikhalidwe zopangira zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusagwirizana kwa batch-to-batch, zinyalala zambiri zopangira, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito pazinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kupopera ndi kusakaniza. Njira zodziwika bwino zowongolera khalidwe, zomwe zimadalira kuyeza kwa viscosity komwe kumachitika, sizokwanira kwenikweni kuti zigwire ntchito yamphamvu ya madzi awa panthawi yopanga.
I. Kusinthasintha kwa Magazi ndi Mphamvu ya Madzi mu Kupanga Zodzoladzola
Kupanga zodzoladzola ndi njira yosiyana siyana pomwe makhalidwe enieni a madzi ndi ofunika kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa bwino makhalidwe amenewa ndikofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale kukambirana kothandiza pa kukonza njira. Kusintha kwa madzi a zinthu zodzoladzola sikulamulidwa ndi ubale wosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi madzi a Newton monga madzi.
1.1Kukhuthala ndi Kuphunzira za M'thupi
Kukhuthala ndi muyeso wa kukana kwa madzi ku kupsinjika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa madzi osavuta a Newtonian, khalidweli ndi lokhazikika ndipo limatha kudziwika ndi mtengo umodzi. Komabe, mapangidwe okongoletsa nthawi zambiri samakhala osavuta chonchi. Mafuta ambiri odzola, mafuta odzola, ndi ma shampu amagawidwa ngati madzi osakhala a Newtonian, omwe kukana kwawo kumasintha ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu (kumeta) komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kusanthula kwa thupi (Rheology) ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamakampani awa. Ndi kuphunzira kayendedwe ndi kusintha kwa zakumwa, ma gels, ndi zinthu zosungunuka. Mfundo imodzi yokha ya deta siyokwanira kuneneratu momwe chinthucho chimagwirira ntchito pamene chikupopedwa, kusakanizidwa, ndi kudzazidwa. Makhalidwe a rheological a chinthucho amakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu zake zomvera, kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali pakulongedza, komanso magwiridwe antchito. Mwachitsanzo, kukhuthala kwa kirimu kumatanthauza kufalikira kwake pakhungu, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa shampu kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa zomwe ogula amapereka kuchokera m'botolo.
1.2Madzi Osakhala a Newtonian ndi Mavuto Awo Opanga
Kuvuta kwa kupanga zodzoladzola kumachokera ku machitidwe osiyanasiyana a rheological a madzi omwe amakhudzidwa. Kumvetsetsa machitidwe awa ndikofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kupanga.
Kuchepetsa Kudula (Kudula ndi Kudula) kwa Pseudoplasticity:Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali pomwe kukhuthala kwa madzi kumachepa pamene kuchuluka kwa kumeta kumawonjezeka. Ma emulsion ambiri odzola ndi mafuta odzola amasonyeza khalidweli, lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimafunika kukhala zokhuthala panthawi yopuma koma zimatha kufalikira kapena kuyenda bwino zikagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Thixotropy:Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimadalira nthawi yochepetsera kudulidwa kwa tsitsi. Madzi a thixotropic, monga ma gels ena ndi ma colloidal suspensions, samakhala olimba kwambiri akamagwedezeka kapena kudulidwa pakapita nthawi ndipo amatenga nthawi yokhazikika kuti abwerere ku mkhalidwe wawo woyamba, wolimba kwambiri akachotsedwa. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi utoto wosadontha, womwe umachepa pansi pa kudulidwa kwa burashi koma umakhuthala msanga pamalo oyima kuti usagwedezeke. Yogurt ndi ma shampu ena amasonyezanso izi.
Madzi Ochepetsa Kupsinjika kwa Pang'onopang'ono:Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito ngati chinthu cholimba pakapuma ndipo zimayamba kuyenda pokhapokha ngati kupsinjika kwa shear komwe kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwapitirira mtengo wofunikira, womwe umadziwika kuti yield point kapena yield stress. Ketchup ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino. Mu zodzoladzola, zinthu zomwe zili ndi yield point yapamwamba zimawonedwa ndi ogula ngati "zochuluka kwambiri" komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba.
1.3 Zotsatira Zachindunji pa Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Njira
Khalidwe losakhala lolunjika la madzi awa limakhudza kwambiri ntchito zopanga zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
1.3.1 Ntchito Zopopera:
Kugwira ntchito kwa mapampu a centrifugal, omwe amapezeka paliponse popanga zinthu, kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukhuthala kwa madzi. Mutu wa pampu ndi kutulutsa kwa volumetric kumatha "kuchepa" kwambiri popompa madzi okhuthala kwambiri, omwe si a Newtonian. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zolimba mu chisakanizo kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mutu ndi magwiridwe antchito mpaka 60% ndi 25%, motsatana, kwa zosakaniza zokhuthala. Kuchepa kumeneku sikuli kokhazikika; kuchuluka kwa shear rate mkati mwa pampu kungasinthe kukhuthala komwe kumawonekera kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pampu isagwire bwino ntchito komanso kusowa kwa kayendedwe kokhazikika. Kukana kwakukulu kwa madzi okhuthala kumayikanso katundu wochulukirapo pa ma bearing ndipo kumayambitsa mavuto ndi zisindikizo zamakaniko, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa zida ndi kukonza.
1.3.2 Kusakaniza ndi Kusokonezeka:
Mu thanki yosakaniza, kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa madzi odzola kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri madzi otuluka mu injini yosakaniza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yocheka ndi kusakaniza ifike pamalo ang'onoang'ono ozungulira tsamba la injini. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zambiri ziwonongeke ndipo zimalepheretsa gulu lonselo kuti lisakhale lofanana. Pa madzi ochepetsa kudulidwa, izi zimawonjezeka, chifukwa madzi omwe ali kutali ndi injiniyo amakhala ndi kukhuthala kochepa ndipo amakhalabe pa kukhuthala kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "zilumba zosakaniza pang'onopang'ono" kapena "mapanga onyenga" omwe sanagwirizane bwino. Zotsatira zake ndi kugawa kosagwirizana kwa zigawo ndi chinthu chomaliza chosagwirizana.
Njira yachikhalidwe yoyezera kukhuthala kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito manja, popanda intaneti si yokwanira pothana ndi zovutazi. Kukhuthala kwa madzi osakhala a Newtonian si mtengo umodzi koma kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kudulidwa kwa madzi ndipo, nthawi zina, nthawi yodulidwa kwa madzi. Mikhalidwe yomwe chitsanzo cha labu chimayezedwa (monga, mu beaker pa liwiro la spindle ndi kutentha) sichikuwonetsa momwe kudulidwa kwa madzi kumayendera mkati mwa chitoliro kapena thanki yosakaniza. Chifukwa chake, muyeso wotengedwa pamlingo wokhazikika wa kudulidwa kwa madzi ndi kutentha mwina sungagwirizane ndi momwe madziwo amagwirira ntchito panthawi yosinthasintha. Gulu lopanga likadalira macheke amanja a maola awiri, silimangochedwa kwambiri kuchitapo kanthu ku kusinthasintha kwa njira yeniyeni komanso limagwiritsanso ntchito zisankho zawo pamtengo womwe sungawonetse bwino momwe madziwo akugwirira ntchito. Kudalira kumeneku pa data yolakwika, yogwira ntchito kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kulamulira kosayenera komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito, komwe sikungatheke kusweka popanda njira yatsopano, yothandiza.
Kusakaniza ndi Kusakaniza Zokongoletsa
II. Kusankha Masensa ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo Zamagetsi M'malo Ovuta
Kupita patsogolo kuposa njira zamanja kumafuna kusankha ma viscometer olimba komanso odalirika pa intaneti omwe angathe kupereka deta yokhazikika komanso yeniyeni kuchokera mkati mwa ndondomekoyi.
2.1Viscometry Yapaintaneti
Ma viscometer apaintaneti, kaya yayikidwa mwachindunji mu mzere wa ndondomeko (mkati) kapena mu loop yodutsa, imapereka muyeso wa viscosity nthawi yeniyeni 24/7, zomwe zimathandiza kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera njira nthawi zonse. Izi zikusiyana kwambiri ndi njira za labotale zomwe sizili pa intaneti, zomwe zimangogwira ntchito ndipo zimatha kungopereka chithunzithunzi cha momwe ndondomekoyi ilili nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kutha kupeza deta yodalirika komanso yopitilira kuchokera ku mzere wopanga ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yowongolera yokha, yotsekedwa.
2.2 Zofunikira Zofunikira pa Viscometer
Kusankha viscometer yopangira zodzoladzola kuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi zoletsa zachilengedwe komanso magwiridwe antchito a makampaniwa.
Zopinga Zachilengedwe ndi Kukhalitsa:
Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Kupanikizika:Ma formula okongoletsera nthawi zambiri amafunika kutentha kutentha kwina kuti atsimikizire kusakaniza bwino ndi emulsification. Sensa yosankhidwa iyenera kukhala yokhoza kugwira ntchito moyenera kutentha mpaka 300 °C ndi kupanikizika mpaka 500 bar.
Kukana Kudzikundikira:Zosakaniza zambiri zokongoletsa, kuphatikizapo ma surfactants ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, zimatha kuwononga pakapita nthawi. Zigawo zonyowa za sensa ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri komanso zosagwira dzimbiri. Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri cha 316L ndi chisankho chokhazikika chifukwa cha kulimba kwake m'malo otere.
Chitetezo chamthupi ku Kugwedezeka:Malo opangira zinthu ndi aphokoso kwambiri, pomwe mapampu, ma agitator, ndi makina ena amapanga kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa mlengalenga. Mfundo yoyezera ya sensa iyenera kukhala yotetezeka ku kugwedezeka kumeneku kuti deta iwonetsetse kuti ndi yolondola.
2.3 Kusanthula kwa Ukadaulo wa Viscometer pa Kuphatikiza Njira
Kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwamphamvu pa intaneti, ukadaulo wina ndi woyenera kuposa wina.
Ma Viscometer Ogwedezeka/Omveka: Ukadaulo uwu umagwira ntchito poyesa mphamvu ya madzimadzi pa chinthu chogwedezeka, monga foloko kapena resonator, kuti adziwe kukhuthala. Mfundoyi imapereka zabwino zingapo zofunika pakugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsa. Masensa awa alibe ziwalo zosuntha, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunikira kokonza ndikuchepetsa ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito. Kapangidwe kabwino, monga coaxial resonator yolinganizidwa bwino, kamaletsa mphamvu zoyeserera ndipo motero sikukhudzidwa konse ndi mikhalidwe yoyikira ndi kugwedezeka kwakunja. Kutetezeka kumeneku ku phokoso lozungulira kumatsimikizira muyeso wokhazikika, wobwerezabwereza, komanso wobwerezabwereza, ngakhale mukuyenda movutikira kapena pansi pa mikhalidwe yotsika kwambiri. Masensa awa amathanso kuyeza kukhuthala pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira madzi otsika kwambiri mpaka otsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale osinthika kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Maukadaulo Ozungulira ndi Ena:Ngakhale kuti ma viscometer ozungulira ndi othandiza kwambiri mu labotale popanga ma curve oyenda bwino, kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kupezeka kwa ziwalo zosuntha kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuzisamalira mu ntchito yamakampani. Mitundu ina, monga chinthu chogwa kapena mtundu wa capillary, ikhoza kukhala yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira inayake koma nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zolepheretsa poyesa madzi osakhala a Newtonian kapena imatha kusinthasintha kutentha ndi kayendedwe ka madzi.
Kudalirika kwa makina owongolera okha kumadalira mwachindunji kudalirika kwa sensa yolowera. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zofunikira zochepa pakuwerengera kwa viscometer sizinthu zophweka zokha; ndi zofunikira zazikulu pamakina owongolera ogwira ntchito komanso osasamalira kwambiri. Mtengo wa sensa uyenera kuwonedwa osati ngati ndalama zoyambira zokha komanso ngati mtengo wake wonse wa umwini (TCO), womwe umaphatikizapo nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi nthawi yopuma yokhudzana ndi kukonza ndikuwongolera. Deta yochokera ku zida mongama capillary viscometerszikusonyeza kuti powasamalira bwino komanso kuwayeretsa, kuwerengera kwawo kumatha kukhala kokhazikika kwa zaka khumi kapena kuposerapo, kusonyeza kuti kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyendetsera ntchito. Sensa yomwe imatha kusunga kuwerengera kwake kwa nthawi yayitali imachotsa chiopsezo chachikulu pa ntchito yodziyimira yokha mwa kuchotsa gwero lalikulu la kusintha kwa njira zomwe zingatheke ndikulola makinawo kugwira ntchito okha popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu ambiri.
| Ukadaulo | Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito | Kuyenerera kwa Madzi Osakhala a Newtonian | Kutha Kutentha Kwambiri/Kupanikizika | Kukana Kudzikundikira | Chitetezo chamthupi Chogwedezeka | Kukonza/Kukonza |
| Kugwedezeka/ Kumveka | Amayesa kunyowetsa madzi pa chinthu chogwedezeka (foloko, resonator). | Zabwino kwambiri (zodula kwambiri, zowerenga zomwe zingabwerezedwenso). | Pamwamba (mpaka 300°C, 500 bar). | Zabwino kwambiri (zida zonse zonyowa za 316L SS). | Zabwino kwambiri (kapangidwe ka resonator koyenera). | Zochepa (palibe zinthu zosuntha, kuipitsidwa kochepa). |
| Zozungulira | Amayesa mphamvu yofunikira kuti azungulire spindle mu madzi. | Zabwino kwambiri (zimapereka njira yonse yoyezera magazi mu labotale). | Pakati mpaka Pamwamba (zimasiyana malinga ndi chitsanzo). | Zabwino (zimafunikira zipangizo zinazake zopindika). | Zosauka (zosakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwedezeka kwakunja). | High (kuyeretsa pafupipafupi, kusuntha ziwalo). |
| Kupanikizika kwa Capillary/Kusiyana | Amayesa kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi pa chubu chokhazikika pamlingo wokhazikika. | Zochepa (zimapereka kukhuthala kwapakati kwa Newtonian). | Pakati mpaka Pamwamba (pamafunika kukhazikika kwa kutentha). | Zabwino (zimadalira zinthu za capillary). | Pakati (kumadalira kuyenda kwa madzi, kumafuna kuyenda kokhazikika). | Yapamwamba (imafuna kutsukidwa, yomwe imatha kutsekeka). |
| Chinthu Chogwa | Amayesa nthawi yomwe chinthu china chigwera m'madzi. | Zochepa (zimapereka kukhuthala kwapakati kwa Newtonian). | Pakati mpaka Pamwamba (zimadalira zipangizo). | Zabwino (zimadalira zinthu zomwe zili mu chinthucho). | Pakati (yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka). | Pakati (zigawo zosuntha, zimafuna kukonzedwanso). |
2.4 Kuyika Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa Sensor Kuti Zidziwike Zolondola
Kuyika kwa viscometer kwenikweni n'kofunika kwambiri monga momwe ukadaulo umachitira. Kuyika bwino kumatsimikizira kuti deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa ikuyimira momwe zinthu zilili. Njira zabwino zimati sensa iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo pomwe madziwo ndi ofanana komanso komwe chinthu chowunikira chimamizidwa mokwanira nthawi zonse. Malo okwera mupaipi komwe thovu la mpweya lingasonkhanire sayenera kupewedwa, chifukwa mpweya wolowetsedwa ukhoza kusokoneza miyezo, makamaka kwama viscometer ogwedezekaMofananamo, kuyika mu "malo osakhazikika" komwe madzi samayenda nthawi zonse kuyenera kupewedwa kuti zinthu zisapangidwe pa sensa. Njira yabwino ndikuyika sensa mu gawo la chitoliro komwe kuyenda kwake kuli kokhazikika komanso kogwirizana, monga chokweza choyimirira kapena malo omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kogwirizana, kuti apereke deta yodalirika kwambiri ya makina owongolera.
III.Kuphatikiza kwa Seamless PLC/DCS kudzera pa RS485
Kutumiza bwino kwaviscometer ya pa intanetiimadalira kuphatikizidwa kwake kosalekeza mu zomangamanga zomwe zilipo zowongolera mafakitale. Kusankha njira yolumikizirana ndi gawo lakuthupi ndi chisankho chanzeru chomwe chimagwirizanitsa kudalirika, mtengo, ndi kuyanjana ndi machitidwe akale.
3.1 Chidule cha Kapangidwe ka Dongosolo
Kapangidwe koyenera ka kayendetsedwe ka mafakitale pa ntchitoyi ndi ubale wa master-slave. PLC kapena DCS yapakati pa fakitale imagwira ntchito ngati "master," kuyambitsa kulumikizana ndi viscometer, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati chipangizo cha "slave". Chipangizo cha slave chimakhala "chete" mpaka master atafunsa, pomwe chimayankha ndi deta yopemphedwa. Njira yolumikizirana iyi yolumikizirana ya munthu mmodzi ndi mmodzi imaletsa kugundana kwa deta ndikupangitsa kuti kasamalidwe ka netiweki kakhale kosavuta.
3.2 Chiyankhulo cha RS485
Mawonekedwe olumikizirana a RS485 ndi muyezo wolimba komanso wovomerezeka kwambiri pamakina odziyimira pawokha a mafakitale, makamaka pa mapulogalamu omwe amafuna kulumikizana kwakutali komanso kwa mfundo zambiri.
Ubwino waukadaulo:
Kutalikirana Kwambiri ndi Kutsika KwambiriRS485 imathandizira kutumiza deta pamtunda wokwana mamita 2000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri pamafakitale akuluakulu. Basi imodzi imatha kulumikiza zida zokwana 30, chiwerengero chomwe chingakulitsidwe mpaka maola 24 pa sabata pogwiritsa ntchito zobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mtengo ndi zovuta za zomangamanga za mawaya.
Chitetezo cha Phokoso:RS485 imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana yolinganizika bwino komanso yosiyana pa chingwe chopindika. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka chitetezo chapadera ku kusokonezeka kwa maginito (EMI) ndi phokoso lina lamagetsi, lomwe ndi vuto lofala kwambiri m'malo opangira ma mota akuluakulu ndi ma drive.
3.3 Kutseka Mpata wa PLC/DCS
RS485 si njira yongofuna ukadaulo chabe; ndi chisankho chanzeru cha bizinesi chomwe chimachepetsa kwambiri cholepheretsa kulowa mu automation. Kutha kwake kuyenda mtunda wautali ndikupewa phokoso kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri m'malo opangira mafakitale komwe zinthuzi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa liwiro lolankhulana.
IV. Kutengera kwa chiphunzitso cha Kulamulira Kosinthika Kochokera ku Chitsanzo
Gawoli limapereka maziko olimba anzeru a njira yowongolera yomwe ingathe kuthana ndi zovuta, zosalunjika zamadzimadzi okongoletsa.
4.1 Kufunika kwa Kulamulira Kwambiri
Olamulira achikhalidwe a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) amachokera ku mitundu yolunjika ya ndondomeko ndipo alibe zida zokwanira zogwirira ntchito zosagwirizana ndi mzere, nthawi, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana za madzi osakhala a Newtonian. Wowongolera wa PID amachitapo kanthu; amayembekezera kuti kusintha kuchoka pamalo omwe adakhazikitsidwa kuchitike asanayambe kukonza. Pa njira yokhala ndi mphamvu yayitali yoyankhira, monga thanki yayikulu yosakaniza kapena chokhuthala, izi zitha kubweretsa kukonza zolakwika pang'onopang'ono, kugwedezeka, kapena kupitirira muyeso kwa kukhuthala komwe mukufuna. Kuphatikiza apo, kusokonezeka kwakunja, monga kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kapena kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu zopangira, kungafunike kusinthanso nthawi zonse kwa wowongolera wa PID, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njirayo isakhazikike komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino.
4.2 Kutengera Ma Rheological Modeling for Control
Maziko a njira yopambana yowongolera madzi osakhala a Newtonian ndi chitsanzo cholondola komanso cholosera cha masamu cha khalidwe lawo.
4.2.1 Kupanga Zitsanzo (Mfundo Zoyamba):
Chitsanzo cha Herschel-Bulkley ndi njira yamphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito pofotokoza momwe madzi amagwirira ntchito m'thupi omwe amasonyeza kupsinjika kwa zipatso ndi kuchepetsa kudulidwa kwa masamba kapena kukulitsa kukula kwa masamba. Chitsanzochi chimagwirizanitsa kupsinjika kwa masamba (τ) ndi kuchuluka kwa kudulidwa kwa masamba (γ˙) pogwiritsa ntchito magawo atatu ofunikira:
τ=τγ+K(γ˙)n
τγ (Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika): Kupsinjika kochepa komwe kuyenera kupitirira kuti madzi ayambe kuyenda.
K (Chiwerengero Chogwirizana): Chiyerekezo chofanana ndi kukhuthala, chomwe chikuyimira kukana kwa madziwo kuyenda.
n (Flow Behavior Index): Chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chimafotokoza momwe madzi amagwirira ntchito: n <1 pakuchepetsa kudulidwa kwa shear (pseudoplastic), n>1 pakukulitsa kudulidwa kwa shear (kutambasuka), ndi n = 1 pa pulasitiki ya Bingham.
Chitsanzochi chimapereka dongosolo la masamu kuti wolamulira athe kulosera momwe kukhuthala kwa madzi kudzasinthira pansi pa kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kwa kumeta mkati mwa ndondomekoyi, kuyambira kudera losakanikirana ndi kumeta pang'ono mpaka kumalo komwe kumeta kwambiri kwa pampu.
4.2.2 Kupanga Ma Modeli Oyendetsedwa ndi Deta:
Kuwonjezera pa zitsanzo za mfundo zoyamba, njira yogwiritsira ntchito deta ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga chitsanzo cha njira chomwe chimaphunzira kuchokera ku deta yeniyeni yoperekedwa ndi viscometer ya pa intaneti. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pakupanga zovuta komwe chitsanzo cholondola cha mfundo zoyamba n'chovuta kupeza. Chitsanzo chogwiritsa ntchito deta chingasinthe ndikukonza magawo a sensa nthawi yeniyeni kuti chigwirizane ndi zinthu zakunja monga kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mafuta kapena kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Njirayi yawonetsedwa kuti ikuwongolera bwino cholakwika chapakati cha miyeso ya kukhuthala mkati mwa malire ochepa, kusonyeza magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kudalirika.
4.3 Kutengera Lamulo Lowongolera Zosintha
Chofunika kwambiri pa dongosolo lowongolera lokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo ndi kuthekera kwake kuphunzira mosalekeza ndikusintha momwe zinthu zimasinthira. Wowongolera sadalira magawo okhazikika koma amasinthiratu mawonekedwe ake amkati mwa ndondomekoyi.
Mfundo Yaikulu:Wowongolera wosinthika nthawi zonse amayesa kapena kusintha magawo a mtundu wake wamkati nthawi yeniyeni kutengera deta ya sensa yomwe ikubwera. Izi zimathandiza wowongolera "kuphunzira" ndikubwezera kusintha kwa njira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu zopangira, kuwonongeka kwa zida, kapena kusintha kwa chilengedwe.
Kupanga Malamulo Olamulira:
Kuyesa kwa Ma Parameter a Model: Choyesa ma parameter, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimachokera ku algorithm ya recursive least squares (RLS) yokhala ndi adaptive forgetting factor, chimagwiritsa ntchito data ya sensa ya nthawi yeniyeni (kukhuthala, kutentha, shear rate) kuti chisinthe mosalekeza ma model parameter, monga ma K ndi n values a Herschel-Bulkley model. Ichi ndi gawo la "adaptive".
Algorithm Yowongolera Zinthu Molosera:Njira yosinthidwayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuneneratu momwe madzi adzakhalire mtsogolo. Njira yodziwira momwe madzi adzakhalire (MPC) ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito. MPC imatha kuyang'anira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zasinthidwa (monga kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokhuthala komanso liwiro la pampu) nthawi imodzi kuti ilamulire zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatulutsa (monga kukhuthala ndi kutentha). Chikhalidwe cha MPC chodziwira momwe madzi adzakhalire chimalola kuti iwerengere kusintha koyenera komwe kumafunika kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, ngakhale zitachedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo amakhalabe mkati mwa "windo" lake labwino kwambiri la rheological nthawi zonse.
Kusintha kuchoka pa kulamulira kosavuta kwa mayankho kupita ku kulamulira kosinthika kochokera ku chitsanzo kumayimira kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera pa kulamulira kosinthika kupita ku kasamalidwe ka njira yodziwikiratu. Wolamulira wachikhalidwe wa PID amakhala wodziwikiratu, akuyembekezera kuti cholakwika chichitike asanayambe kuchitapo kanthu. Pa njira yomwe ili ndi kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa nthawi, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mochedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka. Wolamulira wodziyimira pawokha, pophunzira mosalekeza chitsanzo cha njira, amatha kulosera momwe kusintha kwapamwamba—monga kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu zopangira—kungakhudzire kukhuthala kwa chinthu chomaliza chisanakhale chachikulu. Izi zimathandiza dongosololi kupanga kusintha kofulumira, kowerengedwa, kuonetsetsa kuti chinthucho chikukhalabe pa zomwe zafotokozedwa ndikuchepetsa zinyalala ndi kusinthasintha. Ichi ndiye choyambitsa chachikulu cha kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa kusiyana kwa batch ndi zinyalala zazinthu zomwe zalembedwa muzochita bwino.
V. Kukhazikitsa, Kutsimikizira, ndi Njira Zogwirira Ntchito
Gawo lomaliza la polojekiti ndi kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa dongosolo lophatikizidwa komanso kuyang'anira kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimafuna kukonzekera mosamala komanso kutsatira njira zabwino zogwirira ntchito.
5.1 Njira Zabwino Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Kuphatikiza kwa viscometry ya pa intaneti ndi kuwongolera kosinthika ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe iyenera kuperekedwa kwa ophatikiza machitidwe odziwa bwino ntchito. Kapangidwe kabwino ka kutsogolo ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mpaka 80% ya mavuto a polojekiti amatha kutsatiridwa mpaka gawoli. Pokonzanso machitidwe akale owongolera, wophatikiza woyenerera angapereke ukatswiri wofunikira kuti athetse mipata yolumikizirana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusamuka kuli bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika bwino kwa sensa ndikofunikira kwambiri. Viscometer iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo opanda thovu la mpweya, madera osakhazikika, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tingasokoneze muyeso.
5.2 Kutsimikizira ndi Kugwirizanitsa Deta
Kuti makina owongolera akhale odalirika, deta yomwe imadalira iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndikugwirizanitsidwa. Masensa a mafakitale omwe ali m'malo ovuta amatha kukhudzidwa ndi phokoso, kusunthika, ndi zolakwika. Chingwe chowongolera chomwe chimadalira mosasamala deta ya masensa osaphika chimakhala chofooka ndipo chimapanga zolakwika zokwera mtengo.
Kutsimikizira Deta:Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kusamalira deta ya sensa yosaphika kuti zitsimikizire kuti mfundozo ndi zomveka komanso mkati mwa mulingo womwe ukuyembekezeka. Njira zosavuta zimaphatikizapo kusefa zinthu zakunja ndi kutenga avareji ya miyeso ingapo pa nthawi yodziwika kuti muchepetse phokoso.
Kuzindikira Zolakwika Zonse:Mayeso a ziwerengero, monga mayeso a chi-square, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika zazikulu kapena kulephera kwa sensa poyerekeza mtengo wa ntchito yofunikira ndi mtengo wofunikira.
Kugwirizanitsa Deta:Iyi ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito deta ya sensor yofunikira komanso njira zoyendetsera (monga kusunga zinthu zambiri) kuti ipange deta imodzi yotsimikizika ndi ziwerengero. Njirayi imawonjezera chidaliro mu dongosololi ndipo imapereka gawo lodzizindikira lolimba ku zovuta zazing'ono za sensor ndi kulephera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lotsimikizira deta si chinthu chosankha; ndi gawo lofunikira la nzeru lomwe limapangitsa dongosolo lonse lolamulira kukhala lolimba komanso lodalirika ngakhale pali kusagwirizana kwenikweni. Gawoli limasintha dongosololi kuchoka pa chida chosavuta chodzipangira lokha kukhala chinthu chanzeru, chodziyang'anira chomwe chingasunge khalidwe la malonda popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu nthawi zonse.
5.3 Kukonza ndi Kusunga Zinthu Kwa Nthawi Yaitali
Kupambana kwa nthawi yayitali kwa njira yowunikira maso pa intaneti kumadalira njira yokonza bwino.
Kusamalira Masensa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe olimba a viscometer opanda ziwalo zosuntha komanso zipangizo zosagwira dzimbiri, monga 316L Stainless Steel, kungathandize kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kuipitsa malo ndikuchepetsa nthawi yosamalira.
Kukonza ndi Kutsimikizira Kachitidwe:Kuyesa pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa nthawi yayitali kwa viscometer. Pakugwiritsa ntchito molondola kwambiri, kuyesa ndi miyezo yotsimikizika ya viscosity kuyenera kuchitika nthawi yoikika, koma kuchuluka kwake kungachepe ngati sikofunikira kwambiri. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi maphunziro okhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, mitundu ina ya viscometer, monga magalasi a capillary kapena viscometers, imatha kusunga kuyesedwa kwawo kwa zaka zambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zochitika zokwera mtengo zoyezera.
AYankho lothandiza lingapereke phindu looneka: kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa kusiyana kwa zinthu ndi zinthu zina, komanso njira yopita ku kupanga zinthu mwanzeru komanso kodziyimira pawokha.Start your opnthawiizatayoniby chisokonezotact Lonnmeter.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-09-2025
