Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi m'migodi ndi chinsinsi chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zothira mchere m'migodi, kuteteza mwachindunji chitetezo cha kukonza mchere, kukhazikika kwa njira, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, komanso kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe. Monga maziko a deta yeniyeni ya madzi m'migodi, imagwira ntchito ngati mzere woyamba wodzitetezera ku kumangidwa/kugwidwa kwa ma rike pozindikira kuchuluka kwa madzi m'migodi (chifukwa chachikulu cha kukwera kwa torque ya rike ndi kulephera kwa zida). Pofuna kuwongolera njira, imalola malamulo olondola ochotsera madzi m'migodi—kupewa kusungunuka kwambiri (kusefa mopitirira muyeso) kapena matope okhuthala (kutseka mapaipi)—ndipo ikutsogolera kukonza bwino flocculant kuti ipewe zinyalala za reagent komanso kusawoneka bwino kwa madzi m'migodi.
Zofunikira pa Ntchito Yothira Mafakitale mu Migodi ya Polymetallic Lead ndi Zinc
Zokhuthala zamafakitale ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonza mchere m'migodi ya polymetallic lead ndi zinc, zomwe zimathandiza kulekanitsa bwino madzi olimba, kubwezeretsa madzi, komanso kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda pansi pa nthaka. Kugwira ntchito kwawo kumakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa njira, kasamalidwe ka malo otayira, komanso zotsatira za chilengedwe.
Mfundo Zoyambira Zokhudza Kusefukira kwa Madzi M'malo Opangira Migodi
Ntchito yothira madzi imachokera ku fizikisi ya sedimentation, komwe tinthu tolimba tomwe timapachikidwa mu slurry timalekanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Madzi othira madzi amalowa mu slurry ndikufalikira kudutsa m'chombocho. Pansi pa mphamvu yokoka, tinthu timayamba kukhazikika, ndikupanga madera atatu ofunikira:
- Malo omveka bwino amadzimadzi pamwamba (kusefukira).
- Gawo lapakati "lotsekeka", komwe kuchuluka kwa tinthu timeneti kumagwirizana ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika kumachepa.
- Pansi pa matope opanikizika kapena "dothi lokhala ndi matope," pomwe zinthu zolimba zimasonkhana.
Kuchuluka kwa sedimentation kumadalira mphamvu yokoka yomwe imagwira ntchito pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimatsutsidwa ndi kukoka kuchokera ku madzi. Pamene kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawonjezeka, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timalepheretsa kuyenda kwa wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tichepetse kukhazikika (kukhazikika kolepheretsa). Kuzungulira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono—komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha polyelectrolyte flocculants—kumaphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimawonjezera liwiro lawo lokhazikika bwino. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa sedimentation kumakhudzidwa ndi mineralogy, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapangidwe ka madzi, ndi kugwedezeka mkati mwa chokhuthala.
Kuwerengera molondola mlingo wa flocculant ndi kukonza bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito ya thickener ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino. Kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa mlingo kumachepetsa kumveka bwino kapena kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino, ndipo kungayambitse ngozi monga kumangidwa kwa rake kapena kuchuluka kwambiri. Kuwunika kwapamwamba kwa njira ndi kukonza bwino ma mineral thickening circuits kumadalira kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa magawo awa a thupi ndi mankhwala.
Zothira mu Kukonza Mineral
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Chidule cha Mitundu ya Zokhuthala Zamakampani ndi Ntchito Zawo
Mapangidwe atatu akuluakulu a thickener amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale amakono opangira lead-zinc migodi:
Zokhuthala zozungulira zokhazikikaGwiritsani ntchito thanki lalikulu, makina ozungulira okhuthala, ndi zokokera zoyenda pang'onopang'ono kuti muphatikize ndikusonkhanitsa zolimba zokhazikika. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kolimba koma nthawi zambiri kamatha kuthana ndi zovuta zochepa.
Zokhuthala zapamwamba kwambiriAmapangidwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri zinthu zolimba pogwiritsa ntchito matanki okhala ndi mbali zotsetsereka, mapangidwe abwino a malo odyetserako ziweto, komanso magulu okhuthala bwino a rake. Magawo awa ndi ofala kwambiri mu njira zopangira zinthu zolemera za lead zinc ore chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso kufunika kobwezeretsa madzi mwachangu.
Zokhuthala za phalaZimapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso zimapangitsa kuti madzi ochulukirapo asagwere bwino kuti asawononge malo osungiramo zinthu. Izi zimathandiza kuti migodi ichepetse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zo ...
Mtundu uliwonse wa thickener umagwira ntchito yapadera pa dera lonselo:
- Zokhuthala zolimbitsatenga mchere wamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku ma circuits oyandama.
- Zokhuthala za tailingstenga madzi kuchokera ku zinyalala za njira zopangira zinthu musanachotsere zinyalalazo.
- Zokhuthala za phalakupanga malo osungiramo zinthu zambiri kuti malo osungiramo zinthu akhale otetezeka komanso ang'onoang'ono.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa chakudya, mawonekedwe a miyala, ndi kusinthasintha kofunikira kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino kumayendetsa kusankha ndi kuphatikiza mitundu iyi ya zokhuthala. Mapangidwe a modular ndi kuthekera kokulitsa zinthu zimathandiza kuti zomera zikule ndikukonzanso njira pamene miyala ndi zofunikira pakupanga zikusintha.
Mavuto Omwe Amakhalapo Pantchito Za Polymetallic
Migodi ya polymetallic lead-zinc imakumana ndi zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa thickener, kuphatikizapo:
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chosiyanasiyana ndi mineralology yosagwirizana:Kukumba miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka pulp, kuchuluka kwa nthaka yolimba, komanso rheology. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa mlingo wa flocculant mu migodi, zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera njira zosinthira.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zinthu zolimba:Migodi yamakono imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake, ndipo ma thickener circuits nthawi zambiri amanyamula matani opitilira 100,000 patsiku la slurry. Kusunga kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa thickener komanso kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba pamlingo woterewu n'kovuta koma ndikofunikira kuti tipewe mavuto monga ngozi zomangira ma rake kapena kugwidwa kwa rake.
Sayansi ya migodi yovuta:Miyala ya lead-zinc ikhoza kukhala ndi galena, sphalerite, pyrite, ndi gangue minerals, iliyonse ili ndi machitidwe apadera okhazikika komanso osinthasintha. Izi zimafuna mapulogalamu okonzedwa bwino a flocculant ndimita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa anthukulinganiza kwa makampani a migodi.
Kulephera kuthana ndi zinthu izi kungayambitse malo osungira matope osakhazikika, kusamveka bwino kwa madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri, kapena kulephera kwa makina. Chiwopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa thickener rake kapena kumangirira chimawonjezeka ngati zinthu zolimba zachepa mosayembekezereka, zomwe zikugogomezera kufunika kwa njira zamakono zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi ukadaulo wa mafakitale (monga Lonnmeter) kuti zitsogolere kusintha kwa njira zenizeni ndikuthandizira makina odziyimira okha a thickener.
Mwa kuphatikiza ma audit athunthu a njira zopangira mchere ndi njira zowongolera, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito kumawonjezeka, kuthandizira zolinga zonse ziwiri zobwezeretsa mchere komanso zoyang'anira chilengedwe pa ntchito za polymetallic.
Zigawo Zofunika Kwambiri ndi Mapangidwe a Zokhuthala
Makina Opangira Ma Rake Othira
Makina odulira zinthu zokhuthala amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zothirira zinthu m'mafakitale a migodi ya polymetallic lead ndi zinc. Ma Rake amapangidwa kuti azisuntha ndikugwirizanitsa zinthu zolimba zomwe zakhazikika kupita kuzinthu zotuluka pakati. Kutumiza kumeneku kumathandiza kuti zinthu zokhuthala zisamayende bwino ndipo kumathandiza kupewa kupangika kwa mabedi osagwirizana, zomwe zingawononge magwiridwe antchito.
Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito manja ozungulira a rake okhala ndi masamba kapena mapulawu. Manja awa amatsika pang'onopang'ono, akukanda matope okhazikika kupita ku malo otulukira madzi. Mapangidwe amakono a rake thickener amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolimba kuti zipirire kusweka ndi dzimbiri kuchokera ku slurry ya lead-zinc. Ma computational modeling, monga CFD (computational fluid dynamics) ndi FEA (finite element analysis), amakonza geometry, blade angle, arm spacing, ndi drive size kuti zikhale zochepa torque komanso zogwira ntchito bwino. Kwa ma high-density thickeners, ma thanki ataliatali ndi ma reinforced rakes zimathandiza kuti zinthu zolimba zikhale zolimba popanda kuwononga kudalirika kwa makina.
Njira zabwino kwambiri zimagogomezera kukweza kwa zinthu zolimba nthawi zonse, kuyang'anira nthawi zonse mphamvu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyendetsera. Ma torque meter ndi ma force transducers amasonkhanitsa deta yeniyeni, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha magwiridwe antchito moyenera. Makina owongolera amasinthira okha kukwera kapena liwiro la rake poyankha kukwera kwa mphamvu, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matope osalingana kapena kusonkhanitsa zinthu mwadzidzidzi. Zitsanzo za m'munda zikuwonetsa kuti kuyang'anira nthawi zonse mphamvu ndi malo owonjezera mphamvu kumachepetsa zosowa zosamalira ndikulimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito okhazikika a thickener.
Chitetezo cha kuchulukitsidwa kwa ma rake chimadalira zida zoyezera mphamvu zophatikizika (ma transducer a torque, ma load cell) mkati mwa drive. Pamene malire a torque okhazikika afika—chizindikiro cha kumangidwa kwa ma rake—dongosololi limatha kukweza yokha rake kapena kuyimitsa drive kuti lipewe kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi kugwidwa kwa ma rake. Chitetezochi, pamodzi ndi machitidwe owongolera ogawidwa, chimapereka mphamvu zoyang'anira kutali komanso kulowererapo mwachangu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa ngozi zomangira ma rake.
Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kumangidwa kwa ma rake ndi monga kusonkhanitsa zinthu zolimba kwambiri, kulephera kuyendetsa kapena makina chifukwa cha dzimbiri kapena mafuta ochepa, komanso chitetezo chosagwira ntchito bwino pa overload. Njira zopewera zimayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga kolimba, kuphatikiza ma drive akuluakulu, zida zotsutsana ndi kusweka, komanso kuyang'anira makina nthawi ndi nthawi. Kukonza ndi kuwerengera nthawi zonse—monga kusintha masamba ndi nthawi zodzola—kumakhalabe njira zodzitetezera zokhuthala. Ma audits enieni nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuwongolera mayankho kudzera pa ma drive osinthasintha komanso kusanthula kwa torque kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Machitidwe Ogwiritsira Ntchito Flocculant
Kuwerengera mlingo wa flocculant wa ntchito yothina mu slurry ya lead-zinc kumapangidwa kuti kugwirizane ndi makhalidwe apadera a slurry: kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mineralogy, pH, ndi mphamvu ya ionic. Machitidwe wamba amaphatikizapo kuyesa kwa bench-scale bottle, komwe mitundu ya ma polymer ndi kuchuluka kwake zimasankhidwa mwachiyembekezo kuti zikwaniritse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zikuyenda pansi komanso kumveka bwino kwa overflow. Munkhani yokonza mineral processing plant, mlingo nthawi zambiri umayesedwa mu magalamu a polymer yogwira ntchito pa tani imodzi ya zinthu zolimba zouma.
Kuchuluka kwa flocculant kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa madzi okhazikika komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi otsikira. Mlingo wolondola umalimbikitsa kusonkhana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mwachangu (kupangidwa kwa floc), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zolimba zikhazikike mwachangu komanso kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito reagent komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito; kusakwanira kwa madzi okhazikika kumabweretsa kulekanitsidwa kosauka kwa zinthu zolimba, kuchepa kwa madzi otsikira, komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike mu thickener.
Ukadaulo womwe umathandiza kuperekera zinthu molondola umaphatikizapo mapampu oyezera mankhwala omwe angakonzedwe, makina ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yokoka, ndi njira zowongolera zokha.Muyeso wa kachulukidwe ka mkatindi mayankho enieni pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu m'mafakitale—monga Lonnmeter—zimalola kusintha kosalekeza ndikuwongolera mlingo wa polyelectrolyte. Machitidwewa amathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino reagent komanso kuwunika kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokhuthala nthawi yeniyeni. Kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsa kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa zinthu m'mafakitale kuti achepetse zolakwika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira zoyendetsera zinthu zikuyenda bwino.
Njira zabwino zoyendetsera ma reagent zimaphatikizapo kuwongolera zida zoyezera mlingo, kutsimikizira nthawi zonse za ma density meters, ndikuphatikiza ndi ma thickener automation systems. Njira imeneyi imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagent pamene ikukulitsa luso lokhazikika komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti thickener igwire bwino ntchito komanso ikhale yotetezeka m'malo omwe lead zinc ore imapangira zinthu.
Njira Zapamwamba Zowongolera ndi Kuwunikira Zokhudza Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Omwe Akuyenda Bwino
Kuyeza kwa Inline Density ndi Zida
Kusankha kumanjamita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa mafakitalendikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kuwunika kolondola komanso kosalekeza kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi okhuthala m'migodi ya polymetallic lead ndi zinc. Zipangizo monga vibrating element ndi ultrasonic density meters zimapereka njira zina zosakhala za nyukiliya, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera ndi chitetezo pakugwira ntchito kwa mchere. Zipangizozi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa madzi osungunuka nthawi yeniyeni popanda zoopsa komanso kuyang'anira ma gauges okhala ndi ma radiation, zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa madzi osungunuka komanso kutsatira miyezo yachitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe a SDM ECO ndi ma vibrating element atsimikiziridwa kuti amayesa madzi osungunuka, okhuthala kwambiri; ali ndi masensa olimbana ndi kuphulika, zamagetsi olimba, komanso ogwirizana ndi zinthu zowononga kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza mita kumafuna kuganizira mosamala malo oyezera. Kuyika nthawi zambiri kumakhala pamzere wothira madzi pafupi ndi kutulutsa, komwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndipo kumasonyeza kugwira ntchito bwino. Kuyika kuyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti madzi ochulukirapo komanso kuti asasokonezeke mosavuta pokonza, mogwirizana ndi njira zabwino zosungira madzi othira.
Kulinganiza ndi vuto lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito migodi ya lead-zinc chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kachulukidwe ka zinthu komanso kugawa kwa tinthu tosiyanasiyana. Kulinganiza nthawi ndi nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zofotokozera ndi kusintha kwa mapulogalamu ndikofunikira, makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi njira zovuta zopangira zinthu za lead zinc ore. Kulinganiza kwa fakitale kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko, koma kulinganizanso komwe kumachitika pamalo enaake kumathandizira kulondola kwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akukhuthala. Kusuntha kwa zida, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphimba kwa sensor, kuwonongeka, kapena kusintha kwa slurry chemistry, kumapangitsa kutsimikizira kwamanja kukhala kofunika.
Njira zolephera zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'migodi zimaphatikizapo kusweka kwa masensa, kukula, kuwonongeka kwa magetsi, ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu pamalo a masensa. Njira zowongolera zimaphatikizapo kukonza nthawi, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa makina, kukonzanso, ndikusintha zida zosweka za masensa. Machitidwe oyankha mwachangu—monga kudziwonetsa zolakwika zokha, kuzindikira malo, komanso kubwezeretsanso kudzera mu makonzedwe a masensa awiri—zimathandizira kuonetsetsa kuti kuwunika kodalirika kwa zinthu zolimba ndi kuchira mwachangu pambuyo pa zolakwika. Masensa a SmartDiver-style profile amawonjezera kuchulukirachulukira mwa kupereka chitsimikizo chodziyimira pawokha komanso nthawi yeniyeni cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi matope.
Makina Owongolera Odzipangira Okha
Makina owongolera odzipangira okha thickener tsopano akuphatikiza deta yosinthika-makhalidwe a chakudya, kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka, ndi mphamvu yoyendetsa kuchokera ku njira yothirira mafuta otuluka—kuti aziyang'anira bwino zinthu zolimba ndi kulekanitsa madzi. Kuphatikiza mayankho ochokera ku muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuthamanga, ndi masensa a mphamvu yotuluka, makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zosiyanasiyana kuti akonze magawo angapo azinthu nthawi imodzi. Kuwongolera koyambirira kwa chitsanzo (MPC) ndi owongolera a fuzzy logic amasintha mosinthasintha malo owongolera kuti akhazikitse kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka—ngakhale pamene katundu wa chakudya kapena zofunikira za mlingo wa flocculant zimasinthasintha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ore blends.
Njira zazikulu zowongolera zimayang'ana kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zomwe zili mumsika—kukweza katundu wa thickener solids pomwe kuletsa kuchuluka kwa ma rake kapena kumangirira. Kuyankha kwa torque ya Rake kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza kuchuluka kwa ma rake komanso kupewa kugwira ntchito kwa ma rake kapena kumangirira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zida zisunge chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa njira. Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi momwe kapangidwe ka thickener rake kamapangidwira komanso momwe torque imayankhidwira. Kuzindikira nthawi yeniyeni ndi njira zodziwira zokha zimayambitsa zochita zowongolera mwachangu—kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo, kusintha mlingo wa flocculant, kapena kusintha malo okweza ma rake kuti apewe zochitika zofunika kwambiri.
Kukonza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolemera kwambiri ndi cholinga china chodzilamulira chokha. Makina apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito mayankho opitilira kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa polyelectrolyte mu migodi, kupereka madzi abwino kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zobwezeretsera madzi. Kuwongolera koyendetsedwa ndi deta kumasunga magwiridwe antchito nthawi zonse pakusinthasintha kwa njira, kuthandizira kuwunika kwa njira za mchere komanso kuyesetsa kukonza.
Kuphatikiza deta nthawi yeniyeni ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera zothina zodziwikiratu. Mapulatifomu odziyimira pawokha amajambula deta ya sensa yokhala ndi latency yotsika, ndikuyiyika mu machitidwe owongolera omwe amatha kulosera kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kuyankha mwachangu ku zochitika zachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula kolosera pogwiritsa ntchito mulingo wokhazikika, kuchuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo, ndi kuthamanga kwa matope kumathandizira kuzindikira koyambirira kwa zochitika zothina ndikulola njira zodziyimira zokha, zolunjika malire asanaswedwe. Kuphatikiza kwa kuwerengera kwa mita yochulukira kwa makampani amigodi ndi zolemba zochitika zoyendetsedwa ndi sensa kumathandizira kusintha kosalekeza kwa machitidwe odziyimira okha a thina yonse ya plantwide, kupititsa patsogolo njira zotetezera zothina komanso zotsatira zogwirira ntchito m'mafakitale ovuta opangira mchere.
Pamodzi, njira zamakonozi zimakhazikitsa njira yolimba yogwiritsira ntchito bwino mphamvu ya madzi, kukonza bwino ntchito yochotsa madzi m'thupi, komanso kupewa zoopsa monga kulumikiza ma rake m'mafakitale okhuthala m'malo osiyanasiyana okhala ndi lead-zinc.
Chokhuthala--kumene ma flocculant amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
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Kuteteza Kumangirira, Kugwidwa, ndi Kuchepetsa Kulemera kwa Rake
Njira Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kumangirira ndi Kudzaza Kwambiri
Mu migodi ya polymetallic lead ndi zinc, zokhuthala zamafakitale zimadalira njira zomangira kuti zilekanitse bwino ndikuchotsa madzi oundana. Kumangirira kwa rake kumachitika pamene manja a rake amakumana ndi kukana kwakukulu—nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa zinthu pa bedi la thickener kapena pafupi ndi malo otulutsira madzi. Kuchuluka kwa rake kumatanthauza mphamvu zopitirira malire a kapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zilephereke.
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu—komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwadzidzidzi kwa chakudya cha zinthu zolimba, kusalamulira bwino kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino, kapena kuwerengera molakwika kuchuluka kwa flocculant—kumawonjezera kwambiri kukoka kwa hydraulic komanso kupsinjika kwa makina pa mikono ndi ma drive a rake. Ma Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ndi Finite Element Analysis (FEA) amatsimikizira kuti sludge rheology, thickener geometry, feed rates, ndi liwiro la rake zonse ndizofunikira: kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumathandizira chiopsezo chotsekedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu deep cone thickeners zomwe zimagwira ntchito yopatsa lead zinc ore, feed ya zinthu zolimba zosakonzedwa bwino komanso flocculant overdose zawonetsedwa kuti zimayambitsa zochitika zomangirira ndi zochitika zodzaza kwambiri. Deta ya m'munda kuchokera ku ntchito za lead-zinc zaku China imatsimikizira zoopsazi ndikuwonetsa ubwino wa kapangidwe kabwino ka thickener rake ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.
Zizindikiro za Chenjezo Loyambirira ndi Mayankho Oyang'anira Nthawi Yeniyeni
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuyenda kwa ma rake torque nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka mwachangu kwa ma drive torque, kusinthasintha kosasinthasintha kwa matope okhala ndi matope, komanso kuthamanga kochepa kwa ma rake. Mayankho owunikira nthawi yeniyeni amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyesera ma torque ndi kukoka okha, kuzindikira mawonekedwe a ziwerengero, ndi kupanga ma physical modelling okhala ndi FEA yodziyimira payokha. Makina apamwamba a inline sensor, monga Lonnmeter industrial density meters, amapereka ndemanga mosalekeza pa underflow density ndi matope okhala ndi matope, zomwe zimatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kapena kumangirira kwa zinthu zomwe zimayamba.
Ma model ophunzirira makina amakonza kugwedezeka kwa pompopompo ndi deta yogwira ntchito kuti awonetse mphamvu ya rake yosazolowereka nthawi yayitali isanathe—mpaka mphindi zingapo pasadakhale. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyankha mwa kusintha mlingo wa polyelectrolyte, kulinganizanso momwe chakudya chimakhalira, kapena kuchita kukonza koteteza. Ma process owongolera okha omwe amaphatikiza muyeso wa inline density ndi torque monitoring atsimikiziridwa kuti amachepetsa kutsekedwa kwadzidzidzi ndikupewa ngozi zomangira rake pakukonzekera bwino kwa mineral processing plant.
Ndondomeko Zosamalira ndi Ma Protocol Ogwirira Ntchito
Kuti makina asamagwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makina okhuthala ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino, nthawi yokonza zinthu iyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kuyang'ana nthawi zonse zida zoyezera mphamvu zamagetsi, sitima zoyendetsera, ndi zida zoyezera mphamvu zamagetsi. Kusunga mbiri ya maulendo a mphamvu zamagetsi, kayendedwe ka mafuta, ndi kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa magetsi m'makampani opanga migodi ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Ma protocol ogwirira ntchito ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti:
- Kusankha matope ndi kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zili mu slurry.
- Kuyang'ana pafupipafupi momwe zinthu zilili komanso kuchuluka kwa matope kuti ziwongolere kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino panthawi yake.
- Kuyesa pafupipafupi komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina oyezera kuchuluka kwa magetsi monga Lonnmeter.
Kutsatira njira zabwino zosamalira zothina—kuphatikizapo kulemba mwatsatanetsatane zochita zopewera komanso kuyankha mwachangu machenjezo owunikira—kukuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi njira zosamalira zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu. Njirazi zimathandizira mwachindunji njira zotetezera zothina ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kulanda ndalama zambiri.
Ubwino wa Kulamulira Moyenera
Kuwongolera mwachangu m'magawo okhuthala kumateteza kugwidwa kwa ma rake oopsa ndipo kumalimbikitsa kukonza mchere mosamala mwa kukonza bwino magawo ogwirira ntchito nthawi zonse. Ndemanga yeniyeni—makamaka ikaphatikizidwa ndi njira zowongolera akatswiri—zimasunga zinthu zofunika monga torque ya rake, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda, ndi kuchuluka kwa matope mkati mwa malire otetezeka.
Zitsanzo kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa njira za mchere ndi makina odzipangira okha akuwonetsa izi:
- Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nthawi yopuma yosakonzekera pambuyo pokhazikitsa njira zowongolera akatswiri.
- Kukhazikika kwa njira yogwirira ntchito kudzera mu kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba mosalekeza komanso kusintha kwa flocculant ndi polyelectrolyte.
- Kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yayitali komanso kuti makinawo azigwira bwino ntchito.
Pomaliza, njira zodziwira ntchito—kuyambira pa automation yolumikizidwa mpaka kukonza zinthu motsatira ndondomeko—zimapereka chitetezo champhamvu pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri za rake pamene zikutsatira miyezo ya chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a makampani.
Kuwunika kwa Njira za Mchere ndi Kukonza Magwiridwe Abwino a Mineral
Kuwunika kwa njira za mchere m'migodi ya polymetallic lead ndi zinc kumayang'ana kwambiri kuwunika kwathunthu kwa magwiridwe antchito a mafakitale, kugogomezera ubwino wa underflow ndi ntchito ya rake. Kuwunika kumeneku kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika mwadongosolo kwa magawo a hydraulic—monga feed flux, rise rate, ndi kuya kwa bed—pomwe kumaika patsogolo zizindikiro zazikulu za magwiridwe antchito (KPIs) monga underflow density, solids concentration, rake torque, ndi force profiles. Kulamulira mwamphamvu zinthuzi ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kusokonezeka kwa matope, kutsekeka, ndi kulephera kwa makina kuphatikiza rake binding kapena rake kick.
Ma Audit Okonzedwa: Hydraulic ndi Mechanical Focus
Ma audit nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonedwa pang'onopang'ono:
- Kugwira ntchito kwa hydraulic kumayesedwa kudzera mu kulinganiza kayendedwe ka madzi, kuyang'anira kumveka bwino kwa madzi ochulukirapo, komanso kutsatira kuchuluka kwa madzi oundana.
- Kuwunika kwa Rake thickener kumafufuza ma torque curve, makina opsinjika, ndi ma profiles ovalika, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma model apamwamba monga Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations kuti alosere kugawa kwa katundu ndikuzindikira madera omwe angawopseze chitetezo cha rake overload ndi ngozi zomangira.
- Kuwunika khalidwe la madzi olowa pansi kumadalira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi olowa pansi pogwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi olowa pansi monga Lonnmeter, zomwe zimathandiza kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni. Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa madzi olowa pansi pa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya mafakitale a migodi kumatsimikizira kuti madzi olowa pansi ndi odalirika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi olowa pansi aziyang'aniridwa bwino.
Kusanthula kwa Njira za Kuyesa Magwiridwe Antchito ndi Kuzindikira Bottleneck
Kusanthula kwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito deta kwakhala maziko ofunikira pakuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito a thickener m'malo opangira migodi ya polymetallic.
- Mitsinje ya deta yopitilira imasanthulidwa kuti ione momwe kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kumayendera, kuwerengera kwa mlingo wa flocculant, kutulutsa kwa pampu, ndi katundu wamakina amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
- Kuyesa kuyerekeza kumaphatikizapo kutsimikizira mitundu ya Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kwawonedwa komanso zotsatira zake zochotsa madzi m'thupi, kuzindikira zopinga monga kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma reagent.
- Njira zofufuzira zinthu zimalongosola zoletsa za ntchito, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zikubwera, ndikugwirizanitsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa madzi ndi kusiyana kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Zitsanzo za zitsanzo zimasonyeza kuti pambuyo pa kafukufuku wolunjika, mafakitale awona:
- Kukhazikika kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba ngakhale kuti chakudya chimasinthasintha.
- Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito flocculant—kuchepetsa kopitilira 16% pa ma audit angapo.
- Kuchepa kwa mphamvu yapakati ya rake ndi kupitirira 18%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yokonza isamayende bwino komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito iwonjezere.
Njira Zopitirizira Kukonza Zinthu: Kukonza Mlingo, Kuchotsa, ndi Njira Zopangira Ma Rake
Kuwongolera njira yobwerezabwereza ndikofunikira kwambiri pa njira zotetezera komanso zogwirira ntchito bwino za thickener:
- Mlingo wa Flocculant umakonzedwa bwino kudzera mu mayeso a labotale ndi mayeso akumunda, kulinganiza liwiro la sedimentation ndi kuchuluka kwa floc kudzera mu polyelectrolyte dose optimization yogwirizana ndi njira yopangira lead zinc ore.
- Kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka pansi pa nthaka kumasinthidwa modabwitsa pogwiritsa ntchito ma pump frequency converters ndi ma model-based control systems. PID kapena model predictive logic imaphatikiza ma sensor feedback—monga deta ya Lonnmeter ya nthawi yeniyeni—kuti isunge kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka pansi pa nthaka moyenera.
- Njira zoyendetsera ma rake zimakonzedwa ndi zowongolera zosinthika pogwiritsa ntchito mayankho ochokera ku masensa. Mwachitsanzo, malangizo a FSI ndi CFD-FEA modeling akuwongolera nthawi yokonza ndi kukonza mapangidwe a ma rake okhuthala. Izi zimaletsa kuchuluka kwa ma rake ndi kumangirira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yolimba kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mapulani owongolera mosalekeza amaphatikizaponso njira zabwino zosamalira zokhuthala nthawi zonse:
- Kuyang'anira zida zamakanika ndi makina owongolera nthawi yake.
- Kulinganiza zida zolumikizirana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu kuti zitsimikizire kuwunika kolondola kwa zinthu zolimba.
- Unikani ndikusintha makina odzipangira okha a thickener, kulumikiza deta ya masensa ndi njira yogwirira ntchito kuti muchepetse zoopsa za ngozi.
Njira yophatikizana—kuwunika, kusanthula, ndi kuwongolera mobwerezabwereza—imathandiza kukonza bwino mafakitale opangira mchere, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso kuchepetsa ngozi zodula. Kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ndi kusintha kokonzedwa bwino kumathandizira kubwezeretsa chuma ndi kusunga madzi, kuthana ndi mavuto apadera a migodi ya polymetallic lead ndi zinc.
Kukulitsa Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera kwa Kuchotsa Madzi ndi Kuchita Bwino Kwachuma
Kulinganiza kuchuluka kwa madzi okhuthala ndi mphamvu ndi ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito reagent ndikofunikira kwambiri pa njira zochotsera madzi m'migodi. Mu migodi ya polymetallic lead ndi zinc, kukhazikitsa zolinga zoyenera za kuchuluka kwa madzi okhuthala ndikofunikira chifukwa zimatsimikiza mwachindunji momwe mphamvu imagwiritsidwira ntchito popopera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito flocculant. Kupondereza kwambiri kumawonjezera kukhuthala kwa slurry ndi kupsinjika kwa zipatso, zomwe zimawonjezera kufunikira kwa mphamvu ya pampu ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kosagwira ntchito bwino kumabweretsa kusamalidwa kwambiri kwa madzi, kumafuna kuchuluka kwa madzi okhuthala komanso kuchuluka kwa reagent kuti zinthu zikhazikike bwino komanso kuti zinthu zikhazikike bwino. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito deta, kuphatikiza ma audit ogwirira ntchito ndi zitsanzo zowongolera, zimathandiza kusankha mosamala zolinga zomwe zikugwirizana bwino ndi zoletsa zoyendera ndi zida pamene zikuchepetsa ndalama zonse.
Machitidwe ogwirira ntchito m'mafakitale okhuthala ayenera kuyendetsa bwino kubweza madzi, kulinganiza chitetezo, kutulutsa, ndi kukonza ma thickener. Kwa ma thickener okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kapena phala, kuwongolera mosamala kuchuluka kwa flocculant ndi kukonza polyelectrolyte ndikofunikira. Kuyeza reagent, komwe kumachitika nthawi yeniyeni kuti kupereke kusiyanasiyana, kumatsimikizira kupangika kwa floc kolimba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso motero kumapewa kukwera kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa madzi. Ntchito zamakono zimadalira makina apamwamba odzipangira okha a thickener—kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso wa inline density (ndi zida zodalirika mongaChiyeso cha kuchuluka kwa mafakitale ku Lonnmeter) ndi kuwerengera kosalekeza kwa mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mafakitale a migodi. Kuwongolera njira kolimba kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti chiŵerengero cha madzi okhuthala chikhale chofanana ndipo kumathandiza kuti zinthu ziyambe kuyenda bwino mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zoopsa za kuchuluka kwa madzi okhuthala, ngozi zomangira macheke, komanso kugwidwa kwa macheke. Kapangidwe koyenera ka macheke okhuthala ndi kukonza makina ndikofunikiranso kuti tipewe kuyimitsidwa ndi zochitika zachitetezo, makamaka m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri.
Ubwino wochuluka wa kulamulira bwino kwa thickener ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakukonza bwino kwa mafakitale opangira mchere komanso njira yopangira zinthu zolemera za zinc. Kafukufuku wotsimikizika m'mafakitale angapo a zinc-lead akuwonetsa kuti kuyang'anira kosalekeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo kumapangitsa kuti madzi asamayende bwino mkati mwa 2-3% kuchokera pa kapangidwe kake, ndi kusunga flocculant kwa 10-20% ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mpaka 15% popopera tailings. Kukhazikika kwa njira yowonjezereka kumathandiza kuti zomera zizitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino popanda kuwononga chitetezo kapena zolinga zobwezeretsa madzi. Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi njira zowongolera akatswiri zimapereka mayankho nthawi yeniyeni pakukonza kuchuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo mu migodi, kuthandizira kuyang'anira bwino ma reagent komanso kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa njira. Kuwonjezeka kwa kubwezeretsanso madzi kumathandiza mwachindunji kuchepetsa kudya kwa madzi abwino ndi mapazi ang'onoang'ono a tailings, kukulitsa kutsatira malamulo ndi kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe.
Kuyang'anira bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokhuthala sikuti kumangowonjezera kudalirika kwa ntchito komanso kumachepetsa ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimawonjezera phindu la malo. Kuwongolera kodziyimira pawokha kumaonetsetsa kuti kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumachepetsedwa—zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kokhazikika kwa madzi otuluka, kuchepa kwa mlingo wobwezeretsanso, komanso kubwezeretsanso madzi ambiri. Kupindula kumeneku kumafalikira pamagetsi, reagent, ndi ndalama zamadzi, zomwe zimalimbitsa mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito azachuma a zokhuthala zamafakitale m'migodi ya polymetallic lead-zinc.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Kodi ntchito yaikulu ya chokhuthala cha mafakitale mu mgodi wa polymetallic lead ndi zinc ndi chiyani?
Chokhuthala cha mafakitale mu mgodi wa polymetallic lead-zinc chimalekanitsa madzi ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zili m'malo osungiramo mchere. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwonjezera kubweza madzi ndikuyika zinthu zolimba pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka. Kuchuluka kwa madzi okhuthala kumapita ku kutaya zinthu zotsalira kapena kuonjezera ubwino, pomwe kuchuluka kwa madzi ochulukirapo kumabwezeretsedwanso ngati madzi okonzedwa. Izi zimawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu ndipo zimathandiza kutsatira malire otulutsira madzi m'chilengedwe.
Kodi kulamulira kwa thickener kuti madzi asapitirire bwanji kumathandiza bwanji kuti ngozi zomangira ma rake zisamachitike?
Kumangirira kwa rake lothina kumachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba kumakwera kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera kukana ndi mphamvu pa makina a rake. Kulamulira nthawi yeniyeni kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe sizikuyenda bwino—pogwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu pa intaneti ndi machitidwe odziyimira pawokha—kumatsimikizira kuti zinthu zolimba sizikusonkhanira kwambiri, zomwe zimasunga mphamvu mkati mwa malire otetezeka. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kulephera kwa makina, kugwidwa kwa rake, komanso nthawi yotsika mtengo yogwirira ntchito. Machitidwe owongolera, monga owongolera PID ndi osinthira ma frequency, amasintha mwachangu kuchuluka kwa kupopera kwa madzi kuti asunge kuchuluka koyenera ndikupewa kutsekeka kwa thupi.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kuwerengera kwa mlingo wa flocculant mu thickeners za rake?
Mlingo wa Flocculant umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimachitika:
- Makhalidwe a chakudya: Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba ndi kapangidwe ka mchere kumatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa flocculant komwe kumafunika kuti tinthu timeneti tigwirizane bwino.
- Kuthamanga kwa madzi oundana: Kuthamanga kwa madzi oundana kungafunike kuti madzi oundanawo achuluke kuti madziwo asungunuke mofulumira.
- Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akufunidwa: Kuchulukana kwa nthaka kumakhudza mphamvu ya kusonkhana kwa nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akukhazikika.
- Mtundu wa miyala ndi kusakaniza: Miyala ya polymetallic (zosakaniza za lead-zinc) zimakhala zosiyana ndi zakudya za mchere umodzi.
- Ndemanga yeniyeni: Zowongolera zapamwamba zimagwiritsa ntchito muyeso wa inline density kuti zisinthe mlingo pamene zinthu zodyetsa zikusintha.
Kukonza bwino kumaletsa kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino ndikuwonjezera ndalama zamagetsi. Kuwerengera kodalirika kwa mlingo kumafuna kuwunika kolondola kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, monga ma dual density meters kapena ma FBRM systems.
Kodi kuyeza njira za mchere n’chiyani ndipo kumathandiza bwanji kukonza bwino ntchito ya thickener?
Kuwunika kwa njira za mchere kumawunikiranso bwino momwe ntchito ya thickener imagwirira ntchito—kuyang'ana momwe hydraulic imagwirira ntchito, momwe makina ake amagwirira ntchito, komanso kudalirika kwa zida. Kuwunika kumeneku kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika komwe kumachitika pamalopo ndi zida zowunikira (monga XRF, XRD) kuti zitsimikizire kusagwira ntchito bwino, kuwongolera koyipa, kapena mavuto amakina. Zotsatira zake zimazindikira kusintha komwe kungachitike: kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amachotsedwa, kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito flocculant, komanso chitetezo chabwino (kuchepetsa chiopsezo chomangirira ma rake). Kuwunika nthawi zonse kumawonetsetsanso kuti kutsatiridwa kwa miyezo yoyendetsera ntchito ndikuthandizira njira zophatikizira zokonzera bwino mafakitale opangira mchere.
Chifukwa chiyani kuyeza kuchulukana kwa mkati ndikofunikira pakuwongolera zokhuthala za polymetallic?
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mizere kumapereka kuyang'anira kosalekeza komanso kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mizere pamalo ofunikira kwambiri mu thickener. Mamita odziyimira okha, monga ma "Lonnmeter", amapereka deta yeniyeni ku machitidwe owongolera. Izi zimathandiza kusintha mwachangu kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mizere ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mizere, kusunga malo otsetsereka ndi odzaza ndi madzi. Ma makina otsetsereka amapereka yankho mwachangu ku kusintha kwa malo odyetsera, kupewa kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mizere ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa makina. Zotsatira zake ndi ntchito yotetezeka, kuyendetsa bwino ntchito, komanso kubwezeretsa madzi modalirika, makamaka m'migodi ya polymetallic lead-zinc komwe kusiyanasiyana kwa chakudya kumakhala kofala.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-25-2025
