Madzi a Malasha
I. Kapangidwe ka Thupi ndi Ntchito zake
Madzi a malasha ndi matope opangidwa ndi malasha, madzi ndi mankhwala ochepa. Malinga ndi cholinga chake, matope a madzi a malasha amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mafuta a matope a madzi a malasha okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso matope a madzi a malasha kuti apange gasi mu uvuni wa Texaco. Madzi a malasha amatha kupopedwa, kusinthidwa, kusungidwa ndikuyatsidwa ndikuwotchedwa pamalo okhazikika. Pafupifupi matani awiri a matope a madzi a malasha amatha kulowa m'malo mwa tani imodzi ya mafuta a mafuta.
Madzi a malasha oyaka moto amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino magetsi, kusunga mphamvu komanso ubwino wa chilengedwe, gawo limodzi lofunika kwambiri la ukadaulo wa malasha oyera. Madzi a malasha amatha kunyamulidwa mtunda wautali ndi mayendedwe a mapaipi ndi ndalama zochepa komanso ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito. Akhoza kutenthedwa mwachindunji popanda kutaya madzi m'thupi akafika pamalo osungiramo zinthu, ndipo njira yosungira ndi kunyamula zinthu imatsekedwa kwathunthu.
Madzi amayambitsa kutayika kwa kutentha ndipo sangathe kutulutsa kutentha panthawi yoyaka. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa malasha kuyenera kufika pamlingo wapamwamba -- 65 ~ 70% yonse. Kuwonjezeka kwa mankhwala ndi pafupifupi 1%. Kutayika kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi kumayimira pafupifupi 4% ya mphamvu ya slurry ya madzi a malasha. Madzi ndi chinthu chosapeŵeka chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale woipa. Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, kuchuluka kwa malasha kumatha kuchepetsedwa kufika pa 62% ~ 65%, zomwe zingayambitse kuwotcha kwa okosijeni.
Pofuna kuthandiza kuyaka ndi kuyika gasi, matope a madzi a malasha ali ndi zofunikira zina kuti malasha akhale olimba. Malire apamwamba a kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta matope a madzi a malasha kuti tipeze mafuta (kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadutsa osachepera 98%) ndi 300μm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadutsa sikochepera 74μm (200 mesh) sikochepera 75%. Kuchepa kwa matope a madzi a malasha kuti tipeze gasi ndi kokulirapo pang'ono kuposa kwa matope a madzi a malasha kuti tipeze mafuta. Malire apamwamba a kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono amaloledwa kufika 1410μm (14 mesh), ndipo kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadutsa 74μm (200 mesh) ndi 32% mpaka 60%. Kuti matope a madzi a malasha akhale osavuta kupompa ndi kupopera, matope a madzi a malasha alinso ndi zofunikira kuti madzi aziyenda bwino.
Pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 100, kukhuthala komwe kumawonekera nthawi zambiri sikuyenera kupitirira 1000-1500mPas. Kukhuthala kwa madzi a malasha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mapaipi akutali kumafuna kukhuthala komwe kumawonekera kosapitirira 800mPa·s pansi pa kutentha kochepa (kutentha kotsika kwambiri pachaka kwa mapaipi obisika pansi pa nthaka) ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 10-1. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikiranso kuti kukhuthala kwa madzi a malasha kukhale ndi kukhuthala kochepa pamene kuli mu mkhalidwe woyenda, womwe ndi wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito; ikasiya kuyenda ndipo ili mu mkhalidwe wosasinthasintha, imatha kuwonetsa kukhuthala kwakukulu kuti isungidwe mosavuta.
Kukhazikika kwa matope a madzi a malasha panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa matope a madzi a malasha ndi osakaniza magawo olimba ndi amadzimadzi, ndipo n'zosavuta kulekanitsa olimba ndi amadzimadzi, kotero ndikofunikira kuti "mvula yolimba" isapangidwe panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula. Chomwe chimatchedwa "mvula yolimba" chimatanthauza matope omwe sangabwezeretsedwe momwe analili poyamba poyambitsa matope a madzi a malasha. Kuthekera kwa matope a madzi a malasha kuti asapange mvula yolimba kumatchedwa "kukhazikika" kwa matope a madzi a malasha. Madzi a malasha okhala ndi kukhazikika koyipa adzakhudza kwambiri kupanga matope akangoyamba kugwa panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula.
II. Chidule cha Ukadaulo Wokonzekera Madzi a Malasha
Madzi a m'malasha amafunika kuchuluka kwa makala ambiri, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kusinthasintha kwabwino, komanso kukhazikika bwino kuti tipewe mvula yolimba. Zidzakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa zinthu zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa nthawi imodzi, chifukwa zina mwa izo zimakhala zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi kudzapangitsa kuti kukhuthala kuchuluke ndipo kusinthasintha kwa madzi kuwonongeke. Kusinthasintha kwa madzi ndi kukhuthala kochepa kudzapangitsa kuti kukhazikika kuipireipire. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni.Lonnmetermita yogwiritsira ntchito kachulukidwe ka m'manjaIli ndi kulondola kwa mpaka 0.003 g/ml, komwe kumatha kuyeza kuchulukana kolondola ndikulamulira molondola kuchulukana kwa slurry.
1. Sankhani Moyenera Makala Osaphika Kuti Mupule
Kuwonjezera pa kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali pansi pa mtsinje, khalidwe la malasha ogwiritsira ntchito pulping liyeneranso kuganizira za momwe amagwiritsira ntchito pulping - kuvutika kwa pulping. Makala ena ndi osavuta kupanga slurry yamadzi a malasha okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino. Kwa makala ena, ndizovuta kapena zimafuna njira yovuta kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito pulping komanso mtengo wokwera kuti apange slurry yamadzi a malasha okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Makhalidwe a pulping a zipangizo zopangira pulping amakhudza kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mtengo wopangira komanso mtundu wa slurry yamadzi a malasha pa fakitale yopanga pulping. Chifukwa chake, lamulo la zinthu zopangira pulping ya malasha liyenera kuphunziridwa bwino, ndipo malasha osaphika ogwiritsira ntchito pulping ayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni komanso mfundo za kuthekera kwaukadaulo komanso kulingalira bwino zachuma.
2. Kulemba giredi
Madzi oundana a m'malasha samangofuna kukula kwa tinthu ta malasha kuti tifike pa kusalala komwe kwatchulidwa, komanso amafunikira kugawa bwino tinthu ta malasha, kuti tinthu ta malasha tosiyanasiyana tikwanire kudzazana, kuchepetsa mipata pakati pa tinthu ta malasha, ndikupeza "ntchito yabwino yosonkhanitsa". Mipata yochepa ingachepetse kuchuluka kwa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo n'zosavuta kupanga madzi oundana a m'malasha okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ukadaulo uwu nthawi zina umatchedwa "kugawa".
3. Njira yopukutira ndi zida
Malinga ndi kukula kwa tinthu ta malasha osaphika komanso momwe tingagayire, momwe mungapangire kuti kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu zomaliza za matope a madzi a malasha kukhale "kogwira ntchito bwino" kumafuna kusankha bwino zida zopukutira ndi njira yopukutira.
4. Kusankha Zowonjezera Zogwirizana ndi Magwiridwe Antchito
Kuti matope a madzi a malasha akhale ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, kukhuthala kochepa, komanso kukhazikika bwino kwa rheology ndi kukhazikika, mankhwala ochepa, otchedwa "zowonjezera", ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mamolekyu a zowonjezera amagwira ntchito pa kulumikizana pakati pa tinthu ta malasha ndi madzi, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kukhuthala, kukonza kufalikira kwa tinthu ta malasha m'madzi, ndikukweza kukhazikika kwa matope a madzi a malasha. Kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0.5% mpaka 1% ya kuchuluka kwa malasha. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zowonjezera, ndipo njirayo si yokhazikika ndipo iyenera kudziwika kudzera mu kafukufuku woyesera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-13-2025
