Potashi ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mchere wosiyanasiyana womwe uli ndi potaziyamu wosungunuka m'madzi, makamaka potaziyamu chloride (KCl) ndi sulfate ya potashi (SOP). Ndi wofunikira kwambiri paulimi, umagwira ntchito ngati gwero lalikulu la potaziyamu—chimodzi mwa zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri zomwe mbewu zimafunikira. Potaziyamu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakuyambitsa ntchito ya ma enzyme, kuthandizira photosynthesis, kuwongolera kayendedwe ka madzi m'zomera, komanso kulimbitsa kukana chilala ndi matenda. Kuthandizira kwake kumabweretsa kukolola kochuluka, zipatso zabwino, komanso kulimba mtima kwambiri motsutsana ndi zinthu zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe, zomwe zimathandiza ulimi wokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu gawo la migodi, njira yopezera potashi imasintha mchere wokhala ndi potashi mwachilengedwe kukhala feteleza woyeretsedwa bwino wofunikira pakudyetsa anthu omwe akukula. Njirayi imayamba ndi kutulutsa potashi, zomwe zitha kuchitika kudzera mu migodi yapansi panthaka, migodi yamadzimadzi, kapena migodi ya pamwamba kutengera kuzama kwa malo ndi geology. Mapepala opezera phindu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yopezera potashi, pomwe mchere wa potashi umalekanitsidwa ndi dongo ndi mchere, kutsatiridwa ndi kulekanitsidwa kwa mphamvu yokoka pakukonza mchere ndi njira zotenthetsera kuti akwaniritse kuyera kofunikira.
Kukonza gawo lililonse la njira zopangira potashi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kwa zomera, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso mtundu wa zinthu. Apa ndi pomwe kuyeza kuchuluka kwa potashi kumakhala kofunikira. Njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa potashi m'migodi zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kuwongolera magawo a njira, kukonza bwino kugawa kwa mchere, komanso kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kubweza kwa concentrate. Mwa kusunga kuchuluka kwa slurry komwe kulipo, malo ogwirira ntchito amatha kukulitsa kubweza kwa flotation mu migodi ya potashi, kukonza kupangika kwa potashi kukhala koyera, ndikukhazikitsa njira zabwino zolekanitsira mphamvu yokoka mu migodi. Zotsatira zake ndi khalidwe lokhazikika la concentrate komanso ntchito yotsika mtengo.
Kukumba Ma Potash
*
Kumvetsetsa Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Potash
1.1 Mitundu ya Ma Potash Deposits ndi Njira Zogobera Migodi
Potashi imachokera ku malo osungiramo zinthu omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa madzi akale amchere. Mitundu yayikulu ya malo osungiramo zinthu ndi sylvinite, carnallite, ndi zinthu zina zochokera ku kusungunuka kwa madzi.
- Madipoziti a Sylvinite:Izi zimapangidwa makamaka ndi potaziyamu chloride (KCl, yotchedwa sylvite) yosakanikirana ndi sodium chloride (NaCl, kapena halite). Zimakula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha makulidwe awo, mtundu wawo wapamwamba, komanso njira yosavuta yopangira. Zitsanzo zazikulu ndi monga Saskatchewan Basin ku Canada ndi Permian Basin ku Russia.
- Madipoziti a Carnallitite:Izi zili ndi mchere wa carnallite wosungunuka (KMgCl₃·6H₂O) pamodzi ndi halite. Kukonza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magnesium. Zinthu zazikulu zimapezeka ku Zechstein Basin (Germany/Poland), Solikamsk (Russia), ndi dera la Dead Sea.
- Madepositi Ochokera ku Nkhungu (Salt Lake):M'nyanja zamchere ndi playas—monga zomwe zili pa Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—potashi imapangidwa mwa kusungunuka kwa madzi amchere motsatizana. Malo amenewa amatha kutulutsa mchere wambiri, kuphatikizapo sylvite, carnallite, polyhalite, ndi langbeinite.
Kuyerekeza Njira Zogobera
Kuchotsa potashi kumadalira kwambiri njira ziwiri: migodi yachikhalidwe ya pansi pa nthaka ndi migodi yamadzi.
- Kukumba Migodi Pansi pa Dziko:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mabedi osaya, okhuthala, komanso apamwamba monga sylvinite. Madothi amachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwiritsira ntchito chipinda ndi mzati, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zibwezeretsedwe bwino komanso kuti zikhale zotetezeka.
- Kuyenga Mayankho:Amayikidwa m'malo ozama kapena ovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe ambiri a carnallite. Madzi kapena mchere umabayidwa kuti usungunuke potashi, yomwe imapopedwa pamwamba kuti ipangitse kuti ikhale yolimba.
- Kutulutsa kwa Salt Lake:Kutulutsa kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ouma kuti apeze potashi kuchokera ku madzi amchere.
Njira zabwino kwambiri zimagwiritsira ntchito njira zamakono zodzipangira zokha, migodi yosankha, ndi njira zophatikizika kuti pakhale zokolola zabwino komanso chitetezo. Ntchito zamakono nthawi zambiri zimaphatikiza migodi yapansi panthaka ndi migodi ya yankho; malo osakanizidwa amagwiritsa ntchito zonse ziwiri, kusankha njira kutengera kuzama kwa malo ndi mineralology. Kupanga potashi yapamwamba tsopano kumaphatikizapo ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wa migodi ndi kutulutsa kuti ukhale wogwira mtima komanso wabwino.
1.2 Chidule cha Njira Zopangira Mamineral a Potash
Mchere wa potashi ukachotsedwa, umadutsa mu magawo angapo okonzedwa bwino kuti ukhale ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyera bwino.
1. Kuchotsa ndi Kuswa
- Madothi amakumbidwa (kaya amachotsedwa pansi pa nthaka kapena kusungunuka ndi kupopedwa ngati yankho).
- Kusweka kwa makina kumachepetsa ziphuphu zazikulu kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzigwira.
- Madontho osweka amasamutsidwa ndi payipi yonyamulira kapena slurry kupita ku mafakitale opangira zinthu.
- Kupanga matope kumathandiza kuti zinthu zazing'ono ziyende bwino komanso kuti zinthuzo zizigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
- Zipangizo zopopera ndi zopangira zimachepetsa miyala kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalamulidwa.
- Kukula kwa malo ofunikira kumathandizira kuti mineral ikule bwino komanso kuti ipezeke mosavuta.
- Kuyandama:Njira yayikulu yopangira sylvinite ndi miyala yambiri ya carnallite. Miyala ya potashi imasiyanitsidwa mosankha ndi halite ndi gangue ina. Kuchotsa matope kumawonjezera kuchira ndi kuyera, ndipo ma flotation circuits omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 85–87% ya kuchira komanso 95% ya kuchotsera matope.
- Kulekanitsa Mphamvu Yokoka:Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito; makamaka m'mitundu inayake ya miyala yokhala ndi kuchulukana kosiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza bwino kugawa kwa mchere.
- Kutulutsa ndi Kukonza Makristalo Otentha:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga miyala yamtengo wapatali ya carnallite komanso kuyeretsa komaliza. Potashi wosungunuka amapangidwanso kuti awonjezere kuyera kwa chinthucho, nthawi zambiri kufika pa 95–99% ya KCl.
- Kuphatikiza Njira:Pafupifupi 70% ya zomera za potashi padziko lonse lapansi zimadalira kuyandama kwa thovu ngati njira yayikulu, ndi kusungunuka kwa kutentha - ndi - crystallization kuti zikhale zoyera kwambiri.
2. Mayendedwe
3. Kuphwanya ndi Kupera
4. Njira Zolekanitsira Miyala
5. Kusamalira Madzi Otayirira ndi Kulamulira Kuchulukana kwa Madzi
Pa nthawi yonse yokonza, lingaliro la slurry—chisakanizo cha zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa mumadzimadzi—n'kofunika kwambiri. Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa potashi slurry kumathandizira kuti pakhale kusiyana bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito a zida. Njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa slurry mu migodi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi, kukonza kuyandama kwa madzi, komanso kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka. Masensa ndi makina odziyimira pawokha amawunika ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti atsimikizire kuti potashi imatulutsa bwino komanso ikugwira ntchito bwino.
Udindo Wofunika Kwambiri wa Kuyeza Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Oundana
2.1 Kutanthauzira Slurry mu Nkhani ya Migodi ya Potash
Mu migodi ya potashi, slurry ndi chisakanizo cha miyala ya potashi yophwanyidwa bwino ndi madzi kapena mchere. Kuyimitsidwa kumeneku kungakhalenso ndi mchere wosungunuka ndi mankhwala opangira, makamaka panthawi yoyandama kwa potashi, kupangika kwa makristalo, kapena magawo olekanitsa mphamvu yokoka. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera gawo la kukonza, kuyambira slurry yochepetsedwa m'magawo olekanitsa mpaka slurry yokhuthala pakusamalira zinyalala. Kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a slurry awa amasintha nthawi zambiri, motsogozedwa ndi geology ya miyala ndi kusintha kwa njira.
Kuchuluka kwa slurry—kulemera pa unit voliyumu ya chisakanizochi—nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa pa magawo angapo ofunikira:
- Pambuyo pophwanya ndi kupukuta, kuwongolera chakudya kupita ku mabwalo oyandama
- Pambuyo pa kuyandama, kuti zithandizire ntchito zokhuthala ndi zowunikira
- Pa nthawi ya crystallization, komwe kuchulukana kolondola kumatsogolera kuyera ndi kuchira kwa zinthu
- Poyendetsa mapaipi, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi ndi ndalama zopopera
Kuyeza kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa slurry kumathandizira kuwongolera kokhazikika kwa njira zopangira potashi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito iliyonse imalandira chakudya chokwanira.
2.2 Zotsatira za Kuyeza Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Ochokera M'madzi Molondola
Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera ndi Kutuluka Mwachangu
Kuyeza bwino kuchuluka kwa nthaka kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zomera zomwe zimapanga potashi. Mapampu ndi mapaipi amakula kutengera kuchuluka kwa nthaka komwe akuyembekezera. Madzi okhuthala kwambiri angayambitse kuwonongeka kwambiri, kutsekeka, kapena kulephera kwa mapampu, pomwe madzi okhuthala amawononga mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mchere.
Kuchuluka kwa Kubwezeretsa Kokhazikika ndi Ubwino wa Zinthu
Kulamulira kuchulukana kwa zinthu m'mabwalo oyandama ndikofunikira kwambiri pothandizira kuchira kwa zinthu zomwe zimayandama m'migodi ya potashi. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayandama kwambiri kapena zochepa kumatha kusokoneza kukhazikika kwa thovu, kuchepetsa kusankha, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayandama m'mabwalo. Mwachitsanzo, kusunga kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayandama nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kuchira kwa 85-87% komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimadutsa 95% KCl. Mofananamo, mu njira yopangira makristalo a potashi, kuchuluka kolakwika kumabweretsa makristalo osayera komanso kutsika kwa zokolola, zomwe zimaika pachiwopsezo ntchito yazachuma ya chomera.
Zotsatira za Kuyandama ndi Kupangidwa kwa Makristalo
Njira zazikulu zolekanitsira zinthu monga potashi ndi crystallization zimafuna mawindo olimba. Kuchulukana kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kugundana kosakwanira pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi thovu panthawi yoyandama, pomwe kuchulukana kwambiri kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa gangue ndi kusakhazikika kwa njira. Mu crystallization, kuchulukana kolondola kumafanana ndi kuwongolera kukhuta kwa zinthu, kukula kwa kristalo, komanso kuyera kwa chinthu chomaliza.
Kupewa Mavuto Okhudza Kukonza Zinthu
Kuchulukana kosalekeza kumalepheretsanso mavuto ogwirira ntchito monga kutsekeka kwa mapaipi, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mapampu, komanso kuchuluka kosasinthasintha kwa zinthu zomaliza za potashi. Kupatuka kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe mukufuna kungayambitse kukhazikika kapena kugawika kwa mapaipi, kuipitsa matanki, ndikupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zomwe zimafunika kukonzedwanso - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zisamagwire ntchito, nthawi yogwira ntchito, kapena zinthuzo zisagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.
2.3 Miyezo ya Makampani ndi Ukadaulo Wamakono Woyezera Kuchulukana
Kuyeza kolondola kwa potash slurry kumadalira kusakaniza kwa ukadaulo wachikhalidwe komanso wapamwamba wopangidwa mogwirizana ndi njirayi:
1Mamita Oyendera Misa ya Coriolis
Mamita a Coriolis amayesa kuyenda kwa misa ndi kuchulukana mwa kuzindikira kusintha kwa kugwedezeka kwa machubu a sensor. Amachita bwino kwambiri polondola ndipo amatha kuthana ndi zodzoladzola zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuwongolera njira molondola. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wake ndi wokwera komanso kutha kuvala m'magawo a abrasive slurry, amakondedwa kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimayika patsogolo kukweza kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso kwa concentrate ndi kuphatikiza kwa digito. Kutulutsa kwawo mwachindunji kwa digito kumalola maulalo osasunthika ku makina odziyimira pawokha a zomera ndi makina owunikira.
2Mayeso Ochulukira a Ultrasonic
Pogwiritsa ntchito liwiro la phokoso mu matope, ma ultrasound mita amapereka kuwunika kwa kachulukidwe ka mkati popanda kusuntha ziwalo. Ngakhale kuti ndi okongola kuchokera ku chitetezo ndi kukonza, kulondola kwawo kumatha kutsutsidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa kukula kwa tinthu kapena kuchuluka kwa tinthu - komwe kumachitika m'mitsinje ya potashi.
3Kusanthula kwa Mabuku ndi Kusanthula kwa Laboratory
Kuyeza kwa labotale—kaya ndi gravimetric kapena kudzera mu pycnometry—kukhazikitsa muyezo woyezera ndi kutsimikizira khalidwe. Kumapereka kulondola kwakukulu koma sikoyenera kuwongolera nthawi yeniyeni chifukwa cha zofunikira pantchito komanso kuchedwa kwa zitsanzo.
Zofunikira Zosankha
Kusankha ukadaulo woyezera kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu mu kukonza mchere kuyenera kukhala koyenera:
- Kulondola (kukhazikika kwa njira, khalidwe)
- Zofunikira pa kukonza
- Chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito (makamaka pa magwero a radiometric)
- Kuthekera kophatikizana ndi makina odziyimira pawokha komanso kusanthula njira zenizeni nthawi yeniyeni
Ntchito zambiri zimagwirizanitsa mita yopitilira pa intaneti ndi macheke a labotale nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zitsimikizire kuti pali kuwongolera kolimba komanso kolondola.
Zochitika pa Kusintha kwa Digito
Makampani amakono akupita patsogolo ku kusanthula nthawi yeniyeni komanso kulamulira njira zodziyimira pawokha, kulumikiza ma density gauges mwachindunji ndi ma distributed control systems (DCS) kuti akonze mwachangu. Izi zimathandiza kuti mphamvu zizigwira bwino ntchito, khalidwe la zinthu likhale logwirizana, komanso kuchepetsa zolakwika za anthu.
Njira zamakono zoyezera kuchuluka kwa potashi ndi njira zowongolera tsopano ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga potashi bwino, kukonza kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka pakukonza mchere, komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zolimba za zinthu ndi zachilengedwe.
Njira Yoyandama ya Potash: Kukonza ndi Kulamulira Kuchulukana kwa Madzi
3.1 Njira Yoyeretsera Potash: Zoyambira
Kuyandama kwa potashi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulekanitsa sylvite (KCl) ndi halite (NaCl) ndi zosasungunuka. Njirayi imadalira kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka pamwamba pa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sylvite imapangitsa kuti pakhale hydrophobic pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zosonkhanitsa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kulekanitsidwa kwa thovu, pomwe halite ndi dongo zimaponderezedwa ndi mankhwala oletsa kupsinjika.
Kutaya mtimaNdikofunikira kwambiri musanayandikire. Imachotsa dongo ndi silicate, zomwe zimaphimba pamwamba pa mchere, zimalepheretsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa reagent, komanso kuchepetsa kusankha. Kuchotsa sliming moyenera kumatha kufika pa 95%, kuthandizira mwachindunji kuchira kwapamwamba mu dera loyandama. Ntchito nthawi zonse zimakwaniritsa 61–62% K₂O concentrate grade ndi njira iyi, kugogomezera kufunika kwa sliming pakulekanitsa mchere wa potashi.
Ma circuits oyandama amapangidwa mwa kugawa chakudyacho m'magawo osalala ndi osalala pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa sliming. Gawo lililonse limadutsa muyeso wapadera wa reagent ndi kukonza kuti sylvite ibwererenso bwino. Ma reagent ofunikira ndi awa:
- Osonkhanitsa mchere(kwa sylvite),
- Mankhwala oletsa kupsinjika maganizo a polima opangidwa(monga KS-MF) kuti achepetse zinthu zosafunikira komanso zosasungunuka,
- Zosakaniza ndi zofalitsakuti apititse patsogolo kupititsa patsogolo kusankha ndikuchepetsa zotsatira za matope.
Ma parameter ogwirira ntchito monga kuchuluka kwa madzi, liwiro la kugwedezeka kwa maselo, ndi kuchuluka kwa reagent zimasinthidwa kuti zilekanitse bwino. Padziko lonse lapansi, pafupifupi 70% ya kupanga potashi imadalira kuyandama kwa thovu, ndipo zinthu zoyera kwambiri zimapezeka pophatikiza kuyandama ndi njira zotenthetsera ndi kusungunuka kwa kristalo.
3.2 Kuyeza Kuchulukana mu Dongosolo Loyandama
Kuchuluka kwa matope mu dera loyandama ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chowongolera. Zimakhudza mwachindunji kuyanjana kwa ma bubble ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimakhudza momwe sylvite imagwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa ma reagent omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kulekanitsidwa kwake pamapeto pake.
Zotsatira za Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Oundana:
- Kuchuluka Kochepa:Kukhudzana ndi tinthu ta thovu kumakula, koma kuchira kumatha kusokonekera chifukwa cha kufooka kwa thovu komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa m'thupi.
- Kuchuluka Kwambiri:Kugundana kwambiri kumachitika, koma zinthu zolimba kwambiri zimalepheretsa kulumikizidwa kosankhidwa, zimafuna kuchuluka kwa reagent, ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa mtundu wa concentrate.
Kukonza bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumafunika pa magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso ang'onoang'ono kuti azitha kusiyanitsa bwino zinthu za mchere ndikuchepetsa kutayika. Ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu, ma gauge a nyukiliya, ndi masensa olowera kuti apereke ndemanga nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kusintha kosalekeza komwe kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuchira.
Udindo wa Desliming:
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuyeretsa kolimba—komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa zinthu—kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa 85–87% kwa sylvite ndipo kumasunga kusankha kwakukulu kwa flotation. Kuchotsa zinthu zosasungunuka musanayambe flotation kumawongolera magwiridwe antchito a reagent ndikukweza mtundu wa chinthu chomaliza, makamaka chikaphatikizidwa ndi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zinthu molondola.
Mwachitsanzo, m'malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa, kukhathamiritsa kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akutsatira desliming kwawonetsedwa kuti kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchira ndi oposa 2% - zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri njira zazikulu zopangira mchere wa potashi.
Njira Yopangira Makristalo a Potash: Udindo wa Kuchuluka kwa Chakudya
4.1 Chidule cha Gawo la Potash Crystallization
Kusungunuka kwa potashi ndi njira yotentha pambuyo poyandama ndi kutha kwa nthaka mu njira yopangira potashi. Pambuyo poyandama—kumene sylvite (KCl) imalekanitsidwa ndi halite (NaCl) ndi gangue ina—kusungunuka kwa madzi kumatenthedwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusakaniza miyala ya sylvinite yophwanyidwa ndi madzi amchere otentha, nthawi zambiri pa 85–100°C, kusungunula KCl yochulukirapo kuposa NaCl chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwawo kosiyana pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Leachate, yomwe ili ndi KCl yambiri, imalekanitsidwa ndi zinthu zolimba zosasungunuka. Kenako imaziziritsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa KCl kuti ipangike bwino kwambiri pamene kusungunuka kwake kumatsika kwambiri ndi kutentha. Makristalo a KCl awa amabwezeretsedwanso mwa kusefa kapena kugawa, kutsukidwa, ndi kuumitsidwa. Njira imeneyi—kuyandama, kuchotsedwa kotentha, ndi kupangidwanso kwa kristalo—imawonjezera kubwezeretsedwa kwa potashi komanso kuyera kwa zinthu, ndikupanga zinthu zomaliza zokhala ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa 85–99% ndi 95–99% ya KCl.
4.2 Momwe Kuchulukana kwa Slurry Kumakhudzira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makristalo Moyenera
Kuchuluka kwa slurry ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga makristalo a potash. Amatanthauza unyinji wa zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa mu gawo lamadzimadzi ndipo zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa nucleation, kukula kwa makristalo, ndi kuyera.
- Mitengo ya Nucleation: Kuchuluka kwa slurry kumawonjezera mwayi wa nucleation ya kristalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma crystal ambiri koma ang'onoang'ono apangidwe. Kuchulukana kwambiri kungayambitse kuti dongosololi lizikonda nucleation kuposa kukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisakhale ma crystal akuluakulu, omwe angathe kubwezeretsedwa.
- Kugawa Kukula kwa Makristalo: Kuchuluka kwa ma crystals nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa ma crystals a KCl ochepa, omwe angapangitse kuti kusefa ndi kutsuka kukhale kovuta. Kuchuluka kochepa kumathandiza kuti ma nuclei ochepa komanso kukula kwa ma crystals akuluakulu kukhale kosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchira kukhale kosavuta.
- ChiyeroNgati matope ndi okhuthala kwambiri, zinyalala monga NaCl ndi tinthu tosasungunuka zimatha kugwa pamodzi, zomwe zimachepetsa ubwino wa mankhwala. Kulamulira bwino kuchulukana kwa zinthuzi kumachepetsa zinthuzi, ndikuwonjezera chiyero.
- Kuchotsa Madzi M'thupi: Makristalo osalala ochokera ku chakudya chamafuta ambiri amatha kudzaza bwino, zomwe zimalepheretsa madzi kutuluka mu kusefa kapena kugawa kwa centrifugation. Izi zimawonjezera chinyezi mu chinthu chomaliza ndikuwonjezera mphamvu youma.
Kuchulukana kwa matope kumalumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso kwa concentrate, mtundu wa zinthu, ndi kukonza bwino kwa kugawa kwa mchere. Kusalamulira bwino kungachepetse kukolola kwa KCl ndi kuyera kwake, zomwe zingawononge zotsatira zachuma komanso zogwirira ntchito za njira yopangira potash crystallization.
4.3 Kuyang'anira ndi Kulamulira Kuchulukana kwa Madzi Panthawi Yopangira Makristalo
Kuyeza molondola ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa slurry ndikofunikira kuti potashi itulutsidwe bwino komanso kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za crystallization. Kuyesa kwa inline density sampling ndi njira yodziwika bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito ma vibrating tube densitometers, Coriolis mita, kapena nuclear density gauges. Deta yeniyeni imalola kuyang'anira kosalekeza komanso kukonza mwachangu pamene kusintha kwachitika.
Njira zabwino kwambiri ndi izi:
- Kukhazikitsa Masensa MwanzeruPezani zida zoyesera m'mizere yolowera mu crystallizer ndi mu recirculation loops. Izi zimatsimikizira kuwerenga kolondola komanso koyenera koyenera kuwongolera njira.
- Kuwongolera Ndemanga Zokha: Phatikizani zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi ma programmable logic controllers (PLCs) kapena ma distributed control systems (DCS). Machitidwewa amasintha kayendedwe ka madzi, kuchuluka kwa madzi obwezeretsanso, kapena kuwonjezera madzi amchere kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akufuna.
- Kuphatikiza Deta ndi Machitidwe Oyandama: Popeza kuchuluka kwa slurry komwe kumatuluka mu flotation circuit kumakhazikitsa chikhalidwe choyambirira cha crystallization, kusunga float concentrate density yokhazikika kumathandiza kuti crystallizer igwire ntchito bwino. Kuwerengera kwa kachulukidwe kuchokera ku flotation ndi crystallization units kuyenera kulumikizidwa mu feedback loop, zomwe zimalola kusintha kogwirizana komwe kumathandizira kuti concentrate ibwezeretsedwe bwino komanso kuti mineral learning igwire bwino ntchito.
Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo ma counter-current leaching circuits, komwe kuwongolera kuchulukana kwa madzi mu gawo lililonse kumathandizira kukula kwabwino kwa makristalo ndi kuchotsa madzi m'madzi. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma alarm a kuchulukana kwa madzi ndi ma interlocks kuti zipewe kuchulukana kwambiri kapena kochepa, kuteteza ubwino wa zinthu ndi zida.
Kulamulira bwino kuchuluka kwa matope ndi maziko a njira zamakono zopangira potashi, zomwe zimapereka njira zowonjezerera kuyera kwa makristalo, kuonjezera kuchira, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi madzi kudzera munjira zabwino kwambiri zopangira mchere wa potashi.
Kulekanitsa Mphamvu Yokoka mu Kukonza Mineral: Kuwonjezera Potash Recovery
5.1 Chiyambi cha Njira Zolekanitsira Mphamvu Yokoka Zogwirizana ndi Potash
Kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka ndi njira yopangira mchere yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi liwiro lokhazikika kuti ipeze kulekana. Mu njira yopangira potashi, kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka kumakhala ndi ntchito zina zapadera, kuwonjezera pa njira zina zoyambira monga kuyandama, kutsitsa, ndi kupangitsa kuti pakhale makristalo. Njira zolekanitsa mphamvu yokoka zokhudzana ndi potashi zimaphatikizapo kulekanitsa zinthu zolemera (HMS), kugwedeza, ndi kuyika zinthu zozungulira, ngakhale kuti kuyandama kumakhalabe kofala m'mapepala oyendera potashi.
Mfundo yolekanitsa mphamvu yokoka imadalira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana tomwe timakhazikika pamlingo wosiyana tikamayikidwa mumadzimadzi. Mu zomera za potashi, mfundoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa zinthu zokhuthala monga dongo, mchere wosasungunuka, kapena sodium chloride (halite) kuchokera ku sylvite (potashi ore). Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri pamene pali kusiyana kokwanira pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mchere—sylvite (KCl) ili ndi kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 1.99 g/cm³, pomwe halite (NaCl) ndi 2.17 g/cm³. Ngakhale kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa mchere kuli kochepa, m'magawo ena a flowsheet, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti iwonjezere potashi ndikuchotsa zonyansa pamodzi ndi njira zoyandama ndi zoyeretsera.
Kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka nthawi zambiri kumachitika pambuyo poyesa koyamba ndi kuchotsa slimi, nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi njira zina zopangira mchere wa potashi. Imagwira ntchito ngati gawo lowonjezera pomwe kuyera kofunikira kapena kubwezeretsa kokhazikika kuyenera kuchitika ndipo imapereka njira yotsika mtengo yolekanitsa yosalala/yopyapyala pamene kusankha kuyandama sikukwanira. Mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa dongo losasungunuka m'zakudya kupita ku kuyandama, kapena kusintha magawo ang'onoang'ono apansi kuchokera ku kutsuka pazenera, zonse ziwiri zitha kupindula ndi kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka. Mu zomera zina, mabwalo akale okoka amakhalabe kuti agwire zinyalala zinazake kapena magawo a mchere, makamaka komwe magwiridwe antchito oyandama si abwino kwambiri pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena m'madzi amchere omwe amakhudza reagent chemistry.
Kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka sikulowa m'malo mwa njira yoyandama kwa potaziyamu, koma kumawonjezera, makamaka pamene kulimbikitsa kuchira kwa kuyandama mu migodi ya potaziyamu kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchira kwa concentrate ndikofunikira. Pamene kufunikira kukonza bwino njira yolekanitsira mchere—monga kukwaniritsa kuyera kwa zinthu zambiri kapena kuchotsa gangue yokhazikika—kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka n'kofunika kwambiri ngati njira yachiwiri.
5.2 Kuchuluka kwa matope ndi Mphamvu Yokoka Kupatukana Magwiridwe Antchito
Kugwira ntchito kwa kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka mu njira yopangira potashi ndi njira zina zopangira potashi kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa slurry. Ubale wofunikira pano ndi pakati pa kuchuluka kwa slurry, liwiro lokhazikika la tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi magwiridwe antchito onse olekanitsa.
Monga momwe Stokes' Law imafotokozera, mu kayendedwe ka laminar, liwiro lokhazikika kwa tinthu limawonjezeka ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa tinthu ndi madzi komanso kukula kwa tinthu kumawonjezeka. Mu njira yopangira potaziyamu, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa slurry kumalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha njira kuti sylvite kapena mchere wogwirizana nawo ukhazikike kapena kuyandama pamlingo wabwino kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa slurry kwambiri kumabweretsa kukhazikika kovutirapo—tinthu timalepheretsa kuyenda kwa wina ndi mnzake—kumachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a mineral learning ndikupereka ma concentrate ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kungachepetse kufalikira kwa mineral learning ndikutsogolera ku kulowetsedwa kwa fine gangue, kuchepetsa kuchira.
Kukonza kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komwe kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolondola zoyezera kuchuluka kwa potash slurry, kumadziwika kuti ndi njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yolekanitsira mphamvu yokoka mu migodi:
- Madontho Ochuluka Kwambiri:
- Zotsatira zake ndi kuyanjana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono (kukhazikika kolephereka)
- Kuchepa kwa kusiyana kwapansi
- Kuwonjezeka kwa chindapusa chopitirizidwa
- Madontho Ochepa Kwambiri:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi mphamvu zambiri pokonza matope
- Kuchepetsa njira yogwiritsira ntchito
- Kuthekera kwa kutayika kwa mchere wamtengo wapatali
Kuchulukana kwa ntchito zomwe mukufuna nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 25% mpaka 40% ya zinthu zolimba potengera kulemera kwake, kutengera chipangizo cholekanitsa mphamvu yokoka ndi mineralogy. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amasintha milingo iyi panthawi yoyambira ndi kutsuka, kulinganiza zosowa zopikisana kuti zibwezeretse mphamvu ndi kuyera kwa zinthuzo.
Mwachitsanzo, mu potashi yozungulira, kusintha kuchuluka kwa chakudya mkati mwa mulingo woyenera kwambiri kumakhudza kugawanika kwa KCl mu concentrate yoyera poyerekeza ndi middlelings ndi michira. Kuchotsa dothi m'madzi, komwe kumachotsa dongo ndi matope abwino kwambiri, ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri lowongolera kuti zitsimikizire kuti kulekanitsa chakudya ndi mphamvu yokoka kumakhalabe pawindo loyenera la kuchuluka. Njira zapamwamba zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi m'migodi, monga ma nuclear density gauges kapena Coriolis mita, zimathandiza makina owongolera okha kuti asunge zolinga izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito iyende bwino komanso kuchotsa potashi bwino.
Kulamulira mwamphamvu kuchulukana kwa matope pa siteji iyi sikuti kumangowonjezera zotsatira za kuyandama kapena kupanga makristalo koma kumayang'ana mwachindunji njira zowonjezera kubwezeretsa mphamvu mu kukonza mchere mwa kuchepetsa kutayika panthawi yolekanitsa pakati. Kusamala kwakukulu kumeneku pa kuchulukana kwa matope mkati mwa ma circuits okoka ndikofunikira kwambiri pa njira zamakono zopangira potaziyamu mchere ndipo kumathandizira njira zazikulu zowongolera kupangika kwa potaziyamu kuti ikhale yoyera komanso yopindulitsa.
Kubwezeretsa Madzi Ochokera ku Potash Brine Effluent
*
Kuchokera ku Deta mpaka Zisankho: Kuyang'anira Njira ndi Kudziyendetsa
6.1 Kuphatikiza Kuyeza Kuchulukana kwa Madzi mu Kulamulira kwa Mitengo Yonse
Makina odziyimira pawokha a chomera chonse mu ndondomeko ya migodi ya potashi amadalira kuphatikiza miyeso yolondola ya slurry density mu SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), DCS (Distributed Control Systems), ndi olamulira odziyimira pawokha. Machitidwewa amawongolera kuwongolera njira nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kusintha kwa njira zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa malonda ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zabwezeretsedwa.
Kuonetsetsa Kuti Deta Ikudalirika Ndi Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera:
- Kulinganiza ndi Kutsimikizira:Kusanthula mwadongosolo pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo yodziwika bwino komanso njira zodziwikiratu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kumathandizira kusuntha kwa zida, makamaka kofunikira kwambiri m'malo okhala ndi matope okhuthala kapena olimba kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga potashi.
- Kusefa Zizindikiro:Kusefa kwa digito kwapamwamba kumafewetsa zizindikiro za kuchulukana kwa mpweya, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya thovu la mpweya lolowetsedwa, kuipitsidwa kwa masensa, kapena kusokonekera kwa kanthawi kochepa pamene kukupitirizabe kuyankha mwachangu kusintha kwenikweni kwa njira.
- Kuwonetsa Ubwino wa Deta:Ma interface a SCADA/DCS amaphatikizapo zizindikiro za khalidwe la deta nthawi yeniyeni, zizindikiro zodalirika, ndi zochitika zakale. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusiyanitsa mosavuta pakati pa zizindikiro zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zolakwika, zomwe zimawonjezera kudalirika kwa mayankho a ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mwachitsanzo, pamene choyezera kuchuluka kwa magetsi chikazindikira kuwonjezeka kosayembekezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi mu selo yoyandama, makina owongolera amatha kudziwitsa woyendetsa, kuyambitsa ma alarm, kapena kusintha mlingo wa ma reagents kuti asunge malo omwe akufuna - kulimbitsa ulamuliro pakubwezeretsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa madzi.
6.2 Kusintha Kosalekeza: Kusanthula Kuti Mubwezeretse Ntchito ndi Kuchita Bwino
Kuchulukitsa kuchira kwa potashi ndi kufalikira kwa zomera kumadalira kugwiritsa ntchito deta yakale komanso yeniyeni kuti tizindikire mapangidwe, kulosera mavuto, ndikuyendetsa bwino ntchito mosalekeza.
Kukonza Kuchuluka kwa Kubwezeretsa kwa Concentrate:
- Kusanthula Deta:Mwa kusintha momwe zinthu zilili kale komanso masiku ano pa njira yoyandama kwa potaziyamu, mainjiniya a zomera amatha kuzindikira mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha njira yoyandama kwa potaziyamu kapena kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zimayembekezeredwa—monga kukwera kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimamera m'nthaka zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zinthu sizikuyenda bwino. Deta yowonjezereka kwambiri imapatsa ma dashboard owunikira omwe amagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa njira (monga kukula kwa kugaya, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito, kapena kuyenda kwa mpweya m'maselo) ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa KCl.
- Kukonza Malo Okhazikika:Ndondomeko yowongolera yoyendetsedwa ndi deta imatha kusintha malo okhazikika pamlingo wosiyana siyana, kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lililonse (monga zokhuthala, maselo oyandama) limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa kristalo pansi pake ndikuwonjezera kuyera.
Kuphatikiza mwamphamvu njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi makina odziyimira pawokha a zomera—kuphatikiza ndi kusanthula—kumayala maziko a kusintha kosalekeza mu njira yonse yopangira potashi. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kukulitsa kubwezeretsedwa kwa kuyandama mu migodi ya potashi komanso kukonza kupangika kwa potashi kuti ikhale yoyera pamene ikuyendetsa bwino ntchito komanso kuyang'anira bwino chuma.
Ubwino wa Zachilengedwe, Zachuma, ndi Kugwira Ntchito
7.1 Kuwongolera Njira Mwachindunji ndi Ubwino wa Zogulitsa
Kuyeza bwino kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'madzi kumathandiza kuti pakhale kulamulira kolimba pa njira yolumikizira potaziyamu m'madzi. Kusunga kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'madzi kumatsimikizira kuti pali kusiyana koyenera pakati pa sylvite (KCl) ndi gangue minerals, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, ma flotation circuits omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu m'madzi omwe akufunidwa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi ma K2O grades a 61–62% ndipo mphamvu zochepetsera zimayandikira 95%. Kusasinthasintha kumeneku kumatanthauza mwachindunji kuti zinthu zochepa zosinthira zisinthe, chifukwa chakudya chofanana cha potaziyamu chimathandizira kupanga thovu lokhazikika komanso kuyanjana kwa reagent kolamulidwa.
Ubwino wa chinthu umapindulanso chifukwa kuwongolera bwino kuchulukana kwa zinthu kumatanthauza kuti potashi yomaliza imakwaniritsa zofunikira pamsika nthawi zonse—zonse za mafakitale ndi zaulimi. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu, chinyezi, kapena kukula kwa tinthu kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makasitomala akhutire komanso kuti azitsatira mgwirizano. Kukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni za chinthucho ndikofunikira m'misika monga kupanga feteleza, komwe zofuna za ogula zimalamulira kapangidwe ka tinthu ndi kuyera.
7.2 Kufunika Kwachuma kwa Muyeso Wolondola wa Slurry
Kuyeza kuchulukana kolondola kumakhudza kwambiri zachuma. Kukhazikitsa kuchulukana kwa matope kumathandizira kuti kubwezeretsedwe kwa mchere kukhale bwino—mabwalo oyandama amatha kukweza magwiridwe antchito a mineral learning, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuchulukana kwa 85–87% komwe kuchulukana kumayendetsedwa bwino. Kuchita bwino kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti potashi yambiri imabwezedwa pa tani imodzi ya miyala yomwe imakumbidwa, kuchepetsa zinyalala ndikuwonjezera phindu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumachepanso. Kuchulukana koyenera kumasunga mapampu ndi zosakaniza pamalo oyenera ogwirira ntchito, ndipo kumaletsa kukoka mphamvu kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagent kumachepa, chifukwa kuchulukana koyenera kumatsimikizira kukhudzana bwino kwa reagent ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kotero kuti zochepa zimawonongeka pa mchere wosafunikira. Ndalama zokonzera zimachepa chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa njira; kuchulukana kofanana kwa slurry kumachepetsa kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika kwa mapampu, mapaipi, ndi maselo oyandama popewa kutsekeka ndi kugundana kwakukulu.
7.3 Kusunga Chikhalire ndi Kuchepetsa Zinyalala
Kukonza kuchuluka kwa matope mu ntchito yofukula potashi kumabweretsa ubwino waukulu pa chilengedwe. Ndi kuchuluka kolamulidwa, miyala, madzi, ndi mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino—zokhazo zomwe zimafunika kuti pakhale kulekanitsa bwino ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa kuti matope achepe komanso kuti madzi abwino achepe.
Kasamalidwe ka mipata kumakulanso. Kulekanitsa bwino mchere kumatanthauza kuti mipata yoyera yokhala ndi potashi yotsala yochepetsedwa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chilengedwe komanso kuchepetsa kutaya. Ntchito zina zimaphatikiza zinyalala zoyandama mu makina osungira phala lopangidwa ndi simenti (CPB)—kugwiritsa ntchito mipata kudzaza zipinda zodulidwa ndikukhazikitsa ntchito zapansi panthaka. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mphamvu ndi kuyenda bwino kwa CPBs zimakonzedwa bwino kudzera mu kuwongolera kolondola kwa slurry density, kulinganiza mosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake pomwe kupewa kutulutsa zinthu zatsopano kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe kumachepetsedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wobwezeretsa zinthu kutengera zinyalala zoyandama, kuphatikiza ndi mlingo wa laimu wokonzedwa bwino. Kuphatikiza koteroko sikungolimbitsa nyumba zapansi panthaka komanso kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Pamodzi, njira izi zikuyimira njira zabwino zokhazikika pakukonza mchere wa potashi.
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa matope ndiko maziko a njira yopezera potashi, zomwe zimalamulira magwiridwe antchito kuchokera ku kuchotsedwa kwa matope kudzera mu kupanga zinthu zosakanikirana. Kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa matope sikungakambirane kuti pakhale magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa pakati pa kuyandama, kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka pakukonza mchere, ndi njira zotsatizana zokonzera potashi. Magawo awa amawongolera mwachindunji momwe sylvite ndi mchere wina wamtengo wapatali zimalekanitsidwira bwino ndi zinthu zosafunika, zomwe zimakhudza osati kokha kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa mineral komanso kuyera komaliza ndi kalasi ya zinthu zosakanikirana. Kuchulukana kolakwika nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kutayika kwa kuchira, kuwonjezeka kwa matope, ndi kusokonezeka kwa ntchito, zomwe zimagogomezera kufunika koyesa molondola pa sitepe iliyonse ya njira zopangira potashi.
Ubale wapafupi pakati pa kuchuluka kwa slurry komwe kumalamulidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchira kwa concentrate kumaonekera m'ma data am'munda komanso machitidwe abwino amakampani. Mwachitsanzo, kusunga kuchuluka kwabwino kwambiri mu flotation circuit kumathandizira kuchira kwa flotation mu migodi ya potashi mwa kukulitsa kukhudzana kwa bubble-tinthu ndikuchepetsa kulowetsedwa kwa mchere wa gangue. Izi zimapangitsa kuti KCl ibwererenso bwino nthawi zonse - nthawi zambiri 85-99% monga momwe opanga otsogola adanenera. Mu crystallization, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumalola kukonza milingo yowonjezereka, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndikusunga zolinga zoyera za zinthu, zomwe ndizofunikira pakukonza kapena kugulitsa mwachindunji. Gawo lililonse, kuyambira kugaya mpaka kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka mu migodi, limapindula ndi kasamalidwe ka kuchuluka kwa zinthu - kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito kwa zida, kukulitsa kusunga madzi, ndikukweza zokolola zonse za zomera.
Kupanga zinthu zatsopano mosalekeza mu njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi m'migodi kukulimbikitsa ntchito yabwino kwambiri m'makampani onse. Kusiya kusanthula kwa labotale pang'onopang'ono, kusanthula pang'onopang'ono kwa ma laboratory ndi ma gauge a nyukiliya kupita ku ukadaulo wa nthawi yeniyeni, wosalowerera wa ultrasonic ndi Coriolis kumatanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito amachitapo kanthu mwachangu kusintha kwa njira, kuchepetsa kutayika kwakuthupi komanso kwachuma. Kuphatikiza ndi machitidwe apamwamba owongolera njira kumatsimikiziranso kusintha kokha, kuchepetsa zolakwika za anthu ndikuthandizira njira zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika zopangira potashi. Pamene malamulo akulimba komanso momwe msika ukukulirakulira, njira zabwino tsopano zikugogomezera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi sensor, kuphunzitsa antchito mosalekeza, komanso kusintha zida nthawi zonse kuti zikwaniritse kufunikira komwe kukukwera komanso kuchepa kwa magiredi a ore. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundozi kudzakulitsa magwiridwe antchito, kuonjezera kubwezeretsa kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera kubwezeretsa madzi m'migodi, ndikupereka nthawi zonse zinthu zapamwamba za potashi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-02-2025
