Mu njira zopezera mafuta owonjezera (EOR) pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala—makamaka kusefukira kwa polima m'madzi akuya ndi kupanga mafuta m'munda wa gasi—kuwongolera bwino kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamide ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kukwaniritsa bwino ntchito yoyeretsa m'malo osungira mafuta kumafuna kusintha makhalidwe a yankho la polima nthawi yomweyo. Njira zoyezera kukhuthala zochokera ku labotale ndizochedwa kwambiri, kudalira zitsanzo zamanja nthawi ndi nthawi komanso kusanthula mochedwa. Kusiyana kumeneku kungayambitse kutayika kwa ma polima, kuwongolera kuyenda bwino kwa jakisoni, ndipo pamapeto pake, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta kapena kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito. Zipangizo zoyezera kukhuthala kwamkati tsopano zimathandiza kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni, mosalekeza, mwachindunji mumtsinje wopanga, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito mwachangu m'minda yamadzi akuya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kukhuthala kwa ma polima owonjezera mafuta kumayendetsedwa bwino.
Kusefukira kwa Polima ndi Kubwezeretsa Mafuta Owonjezera M'magawo a Mafuta ndi Gasi a Madzi Ozama
Kubwezeretsa mafuta m'malo osungiramo mafuta (EOR) kumaphatikizapo njira zamakono zomwe zapangidwa kuti zithandize kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa mafuta kupitirira zomwe njira zoyambira ndi zachiwiri zimakwaniritsa. Pamene kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya kukukulirakulira, malo osungiramo mafutawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zomangamanga zovuta komanso ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti EOR ikhale yofunika kwambiri kuti ikwaniritse bwino malo osungiramo mafuta ndi gasi komanso kuti ipititse patsogolo chuma cha chitukuko cha mafuta ndi gasi.
Kusefukira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito polima ndi njira yotsogola ya mankhwala ya EOR yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ozama kwambiri. Mu kusefukira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito polima, ma polima osungunuka m'madzi—omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)—amawonjezedwa m'madzi olowetsedwa, zomwe zimawonjezera kukhuthala kwake ndikupangitsa kuti azilamulira bwino kuyenda mkati mwa dziwe. Njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri makamaka kunyanja, komwe chiŵerengero chosayenerera cha kuyenda pakati pa madzi olowetsedwa ndi mafuta okhuthala chimachepetsa mphamvu ya kusefukira kwa madzi wamba.
Mu madzi osefukira achikhalidwe, madzi osakhuthala kwambiri nthawi zambiri amapewa mafuta mwa "kudutsa" m'malo omwe amalowa madzi ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma hydrocarbon ambiri asapezekenso. Kusefukira kwa madzi a polymer kumathetsa izi mwa kuwonjezera mphamvu yosefukira m'malo osungira mafuta, ndikupanga malo osasunthika omwe amatsimikizira kuti gawo lalikulu la dziwe limasefukira ndipo mafuta amasamutsidwira ku zitsime zopangira. Deta ya m'munda ikuwonetsa kuti polymer EOR ikhoza kupereka kuwonjezeka kwa 10% pakubwezeretsa mafuta pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, komanso mpaka 13% pakukweza kwa ma projection-scale.
Zovuta zachuma ndi zoyendetsera ntchito m'malo akuya akuya zimakweza kufunika kochita bwino ntchito. Kusefukira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito polima kwawonetsa kuthekera kochepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito madzi ndi kulekanitsa—mapindu ofunikira pakuyika zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, njira iyi ingachepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa womwe umapezeka chifukwa cha kupanga mafuta mwa kuchepetsa zofunikira pa kayendetsedwe ka madzi, kuthandizira zolinga zochepetsera utsi.
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kusefukira kwa madzi kwa polima kumadalira pa muyeso wolondola wa kukhuthala kwa ma polima obwezeretsa mafuta. Zipangizo zamakono monga zida zoyezera kukhuthala kwa mafuta, zida zoyezera kukhuthala kwa mafuta, ndi njira zoyezera kukhuthala kwa ma polima ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulamulira makhalidwe a polima, kuonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito akuyenda bwino m'malo ovuta a pansi pa nyanja. Miyeso iyi imalola kusanthula kolondola kwa kukhuthala kwa madzi kwa polima, kukonza bwino momwe madzi amagwirira ntchito komanso ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kusefukira kwa madzi kwa polima.
Munda wa Mafuta ndi Gasi
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Udindo Wofunika Kwambiri wa Kusokonezeka kwa Madzi mu Kusefukira kwa Polymer
Chifukwa Chake Kukhuthala Ndikofunikira Kwambiri pa Kusefukira kwa Polymer Kogwira Ntchito
Kukhuthala kwa mafuta kumakhala pakati pa kusefukira kwa madzi a polima chifukwa kumawongolera mwachindunji chiŵerengero cha kuyenda pakati pa madzi osunthika ndi madzi osunthika mkati mwa dziwe. Pakukula kwa mafuta ndi mpweya m'madzi akuya, cholinga ndikusonkhanitsa mafuta otsala ambiri momwe zingathere poonetsetsa kuti madzi olowetsedwa (nthawi zambiri omwe ndi amadzi a polyacrylamide, nthawi zambiri HPAM) amayenda ndi kukhuthala komwe kumasiyana bwino ndi mafuta achilengedwe. Kukhuthala kwakukulu kumeneku kumalola kuti yankho la polima lidutse mu dziwe lalikulu, ndikuwonjezera kukhudzana pakati pa madzi osunthika ndi ma hydrocarbon omwe ali m'madzi.
Kusankha kukhuthala kwa yankho la polima ndi njira yolinganiza. Madzi otsika kwambiri, ndipo amatsatira njira zomwe zinalipo kale zopititsira mafuta ambiri, zomwe zimadutsa mafuta ambiri; kuchuluka kwambiri, ndipo mavuto a injection amabuka, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa mapangidwe, makamaka m'malo osiyanasiyana kapena m'malo omwe amapititsira mafuta ochepa omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'malo akuya. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kusintha mosamala kuchuluka kwa HPAM—kawirikawiri mkati mwa 3000–3300 mg/L pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi akuya—kumathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa kusuntha kwa mafuta onse popanda kukumana ndi kupanikizika kwambiri kwa jakisoni kapena mavuto ogwirira ntchito.
Ubale Pakati pa Kukhuthala kwa Ma Polymer Solution ndi Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mafuta m'malo osungira mafuta kumayimira gawo la mafuta omwe polymer solution imalowetsa m'malo mwake. Limalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi chiŵerengero cha kukhuthala (M), chomwe chimatanthauzidwa ngati kukhuthala kwa madzi osuntha omwe amagawidwa ndi kukhuthala kwa mafuta osuntha:
M = μ_kusamutsa / μ_mafuta
Pamene M ikuyandikira 1, kutsogolo kumayenda mofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yoyeretsa bwino igwire bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zala zokhuthala (chizolowezi cha madzi otsika kukhuthala kuti adutse mafuta ndikupanga njira zotulukira). Kuonjezera kukhuthala kwa madzi—nthawi zambiri mwa kusungunula HPAM kapena ma hybrids ake—kungasinthe chiŵerengero cha kuyenda kukhala chabwino, zomwe zingawonjezere kwambiri mphamvu yoyeretsa poyerekeza ndi madzi osefukira achikhalidwe.
Umboni wotsimikizira ukusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyezera ma polima okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti mafuta abwerere pang'onopang'ono ndi 5%-10%, koma kumatha kufika pa 23% mu maphunziro olamulidwa a microfluidic pogwiritsa ntchito 0.1% PAM. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumatanthauza phindu looneka bwino pamlingo wamunda, makamaka pamene ma polima apangidwa kuti athe kupirira kutentha ndi mavuto a mchere omwe amapezeka m'mafuta akuya ndi gasi.
Zotsatira za Polyacrylamide Viscosity pa Kuchulukitsa Kusamutsa Mafuta
Kukhuthala komwe kumaperekedwa ndi polyacrylamide ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa njira zowonjezerera mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusefukira kwa madzi kufikire komanso kufanana kwake. Kafukufuku wa labotale, malo, ndi zoyeserera akugogomezera njira zingapo zomwe kukhuthala kwa polyacrylamide kumathandizira kuti mafuta asamuke bwino:
- Kuwongolera Koyenda Bwino:Kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala kumachepetsa kuyenda kwa madzi ndi mafuta, kumachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa zala ndi njira zolumikizirana pamene kumawonjezera kukhudzana ndi mafuta omwe anali asanasefedwe kale.
- Kusamuka Kwambiri M'madzi Osiyanasiyana:Kukana kwakukulu kwa madzi kumakakamiza kutsogolo komwe kumasamutsidwa kupita kumadera otsika omwe amalowa madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito ma hydrocarbon omwe sanalandiridwepo.
- Kuyenda Kogwirizana ndi Zotsatira za Kugwira Mitsempha ya Capillary:Akaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina (monga nanoparticles, branched gels), machitidwe a polyacrylamide okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu amasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu pakusesa ndi kusuntha bwino, makamaka pakakhala kutentha kwambiri kapena mchere wambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zopangidwa ndi polymer/nano-SiO₂ zawonetsa kukhuthala kwa 181 mPa·s pa 90°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri m'madzi akuya komwe HPAM yachikhalidwe ingawonongeke kapena kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Momwemonso, polyacrylamide yosakanikirana ndi polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) imachita bwino kwambiri kuposa ma polima osakhala osakanizidwa pakusunga kukhuthala pansi pa madzi amchere ndi kutentha. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima odalirika komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta ambiri asunthike m'malo osungiramo madzi ovuta.
Pomaliza pake, kuthekera koyesa molondola ndikusintha kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamide—pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba zoyezera kukhuthala kwa yankho la polymer ndi zida zoyezera kukhuthala kwa mafuta—kumakhalabe maziko a mapulojekiti opambana komanso otchipa a polima m'minda yamakono yamafuta ndi gasi.
Mfundo ndi Njira Zoyezera Kukhuthala kwa Polymer Solution
Kuyeza kukhuthala ndikofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsa mafuta ochulukirapo pogwiritsa ntchito ma polymer (EOR), kukhudza kuyenda kwa madzi, kugwira ntchito bwino m'malo osungira mafuta, komanso kupambana konse kwa njira zobwezeretsanso mafuta ochulukirapo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Polyacrylamide ndi zinthu zina monga hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) ndi ma polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Njira yawo yothetsera vutoli—makamaka kukhuthala—imakhudza mwachindunji kusintha kwa ntchito yobwezeretsa mafuta ochulukirapo pogwiritsa ntchito ma polymer, makamaka pamene kutentha kwambiri ndi mchere womwe umapezeka m'mafuta akuya ndi mpweya.
Ma Viscometer a Capillary
Ma capillary viscometers amazindikira kukhuthala mwa kuwerengera nthawi ya kayendedwe ka polymer solution kudzera mu chubu chopapatiza pansi pa kupanikizika kapena mphamvu yokoka. Njira iyi ndi yosavuta komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa kukhuthala kwa mafuta nthawi zonse poyesa zida zoyezera kukhuthala kwa mafuta ngati madzi kapena kukhuthala pang'ono. Kukhuthala kwa capillary standard kumatanthauza khalidwe la Newtonian, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lodalirika powongolera khalidwe pomwe kuchuluka kwa kudulidwa kwa polymer solutions kumakhalabe kotsika kwambiri ndipo kapangidwe kake sikasintha kwambiri.
Zoletsa:
- Ma polima osakhala a Newtonian:Ma polima ambiri a EOR amasonyeza machitidwe ochepetsa kudulidwa kwa shear ndi viscoelastic omwe njira zakale za capillary sizimatengera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsedwa kapena kusokoneza kukhuthala kwenikweni kwa munda.
- Kufalikira kwa polydispersity ndi zotsatira zake:Kuwerengedwa kwa viscometer ya capillary kumatha kusinthidwa mu njira zoyezera za polima zokhala ndi magawidwe osiyanasiyana a kulemera kwa mamolekyulu, kapena mu zosakaniza zosakaniza/zovuta zomwe zimachitika m'munda.
- Kuchepa kwa elastocapillary:Ngakhale kuti ma rheometer owonjezera omwe amasweka m'mitsempha yamagazi amatha kuwona kukhuthala kwa kukulitsa, zotsatira zake zimadalira kwambiri mawonekedwe ndi magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusatsimikizika pa zotsatira za madzi osefukira a polima.
Ma Viscometer Ozungulira
Ma viscometer ozungulira ndi maziko akusanthula kwa kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamidem'ma laboratories ndi m'malo opangira zinthu zoyeserera. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsa ntchito spindle yozungulira kapena bob yomwe imamizidwa mu chitsanzocho, kuyeza kukana kuyenda pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yodulidwa.
Mphamvu:
- Wodziwa bwino makhalidwe omwe si a Newtonian, monga kuchepetsa kumeta tsitsi, komwe kukhuthala kumachepa pamene kuchuluka kwa kumeta tsitsi kumawonjezeka—chinthu chodziwika bwino cha madzi ambiri a EOR omwe amasefukira ndi polima.
- Lolani kuti chitsanzo chigwirizane (monga lamulo la mphamvu, Bingham) kuti chiwerengere kudalira kwa kukhuthala kwa shear.
- Thandizani kuwunika kutentha ndi mchere mwa kutsanzira momwe zinthu zilili ngati m'madzi ndikuwona momwe zimakhudzira kukhuthala kwa madzi.
Zitsanzo:
- Pakakhala kutentha kwambiri kapena kuchuluka kwa mchere, ma HPAM ndi ma polima opangidwa mwapadera amawonongeka kapena kulinganizidwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kukhuthala kogwira ntchito; izi zimawonekera mosavuta mu rotational viscometry.
- Ma rheometer ozungulira amatha kutsanzira momwe zinthu zimakhalira pansi kuti aone kutayika kwa ma viscosity ndi kuwonongeka kwa unyolo—zofunika kwambiri pa mayeso apamwamba a ma polymer viscosity komanso kusankha ma polymer mwamphamvu.
Kuyeza kwa Inline Viscosity: Njira Zamakono ndi Zida
Zida Zoyezera Kukhuthala Kwamkati: Kufotokozera ndi Kugwira Ntchito
Ma viscometer amakono amakono amapangidwa kuti azimizidwa mwachindunji mu mizere ya ndondomeko, kupereka kusanthula kwa kukhuthala kosalekeza popanda kufunikira kusokoneza zitsanzo. Ukadaulo waukulu ndi uwu:
Ma Viscometer Ogwira Ntchito Mozungulira:Zipangizo monga ma viscometer a Lonnmeter zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zozungulira zomwe zimamizidwa mu yankho la polima. Kukula ndi kunyowa kwa kugwedezeka kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukhuthala ndi kuchulukana, zomwe zimathandiza kuyeza kodalirika m'madzimadzi ambiri kapena osakhala a Newtonian monga mayankho a polyacrylamide. Izi ndi zolimba motsutsana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi kupanikizika, ndipo ndizoyenera kwambiri ntchito zamafuta.
Ubwino wa Kuwunika Kosalekeza Paintaneti mu Ntchito Zosefukira ndi Polima
Kusintha kwa kuyeza kosalekeza, kokhazikika kwa kukhuthala kwa ma polymer m'munda wogwiritsa ntchito madzi osefukira kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu pakugwira ntchito:
Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera Kwambiri:Kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti pakhale kulowererapo mwachangu ngati kukhuthala kwa polima kwapita kunja kwa malo abwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiŵerengero cha kuyenda bwino komanso kusuntha kwa mafuta panthawi ya kusefukira kwa polima kumawonjezeka.
Kusintha kwa Njira Yodziyimira Yokha:Zipangizo zoyezera kukhuthala kwa mafuta zomwe zili mkati mwa mzere zomwe zimalumikizidwa ku nsanja za SCADA zimathandiza kuwongolera kozungulira, komwe mlingo kapena kutentha kumatha kusinthidwa kokha poyankha kusanthula kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamide nthawi yeniyeni. Izi zimawonjezera kukhazikika kwa njira, zimasunga kusakaniza kwa zinthu mkati mwa zofunikira zochepa (± 0.5% m'maphunziro ena), ndikuchepetsa zinyalala za polima.
Kuchepetsa Nthawi Yopuma Yogwira Ntchito ndi Ntchito:Machitidwe odziyimira pawokha, omwe ali mkati mwa mzere, amalowa m'malo mwa zitsanzo zamanja zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi, zomwe zimathandizira nthawi yoyankha ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa ogwira ntchito m'munda omwe amadzipereka kuyesa nthawi zonse.
Njira ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Mwanzeru:Monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi mafakitale monga Solartron 7827 ndi CVI's ViscoPro 2100, kuyang'anira mosalekeza kukhoza kuwonjezera kutulutsa mafuta ndi 20%, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito polima, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a reactor kapena chitsime kudzera mukuwongolera bwino khalidwe.
Deta Yokonzedwanso ya Kusanthula:Kusanthula deta nthawi yeniyeni kumathandizira kusanthula kwapamwamba, kuyambira kukonza njira zachizolowezi mpaka kukonza zinthu zomwe zanenedweratu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito polima zisamawononge ndalama zambiri komanso kuti ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito polima zitheke.
Njira Zofunikira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Posankha Zida Zoyezera Kukhuthala kwa Mafuta Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kumunda
Posankha zida zoyezera kukhuthala kwa ma polima obwezeretsa mafuta m'malo ovuta komanso akutali, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri:
Kulimba ndi Kukana Zachilengedwe:Zipangizo ziyenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri (HTHP), madzi owononga, ndi tinthu tomwe timayabwa m'madzi akuya. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi malo otsekedwa bwino, monga momwe zilili ndi Rheonics SRV, ndizofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wautali.
Kulondola ndi Kukhazikika kwa Muyeso:Kulipira kutentha kwambiri ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndikofunikira chifukwa kusintha pang'ono kwa kukhuthala kumatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a screw ndi kubwezeretsa mafuta. Zipangizo ziyenera kukhala ndi kulondola kolembedwa pa kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa ntchito.
Kuphatikizika ndi Kukonzekera Kokha:Kugwirizana ndi SCADA, IoT telemetry, ndi mabasi a digito kuti aziyang'anira kutali tsopano ndi chiyembekezo choyamba. Yang'anani njira zodziyeretsera, kuwerengera kwa digito, komanso kutumiza deta mosamala kuti muchepetse kukonza.
Kugwira Ntchito Kosalekeza:Zipangizo ziyenera kugwira ntchito popanda kuzimitsa kapena kubwezeretsanso nthawi zonse, kupereka magwiridwe antchito nthawi zonse komanso kuchepetsa zosowa zolowererapo—chinsinsi cha kukhazikitsa opanda anthu kapena pansi pa nyanja.
Kutsatira Malamulo ndi Kutsatira Malamulo a Makampani:Zipangizo ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ya chitetezo, kugwirizana kwa magetsi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirira ntchito monga momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito mu gawo la mafuta ndi gasi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zenizeni kumafuna kuti zida zoyesera kukhuthala kwa mkati zikhale zolimba, zodziyimira zokha, zokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki, komanso zolondola—zopereka ulamuliro wosalekeza wa kukhuthala ngati maziko a EOR yamakono komanso kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya.
Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhudza Kusamalira Kukhuthala kwa Mayankho a Polyacrylamide
Kusamalira bwino kukhuthala kwa mafuta ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusefukira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito ma polima (EOR), makamaka pakukula kwa mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya komwe zinthu zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Kusanthula kukhuthala kwa yankho la Polyacrylamide kumachita gawo lalikulu pakukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito oyenera m'malo osungira mafuta.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kukhuthala kwa Mayankho a Polyacrylamide M'mikhalidwe ya Madzi Ozama
Mchere
- Zotsatira Zam'madzi Zambiri:Mabomba a m'madzi akuya nthawi zambiri amakhala ndikuchuluka kwa mchere, kuphatikizapo ma cations a monovalent (Na⁺) ndi divalent (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺). Ma ion awa amakanikiza zigawo ziwiri zamagetsi kuzungulira unyolo wa polyacrylamide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti coiling ndi kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa yankho. Ma cations a divalent ali ndi zotsatira zodziwika bwino, amachepetsa kukhuthala kwambiri komanso amachepetsa mphamvu ya polymer flood sweep efficiency.
- Chitsanzo:M'mikhalidwe ya m'munda monga Qinghai Gasi reservoir, makina opangidwa ndi polymer ndi surfactant-polymer (SP) anali ofunikira kuti asunge kukhuthala kwa viscosity ndikusunga bwino ntchito m'malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri.
- Kuwonongeka kwa kutentha:Kutentha kwakukulu m'madzi akuya kumathandizira hydrolysis ndi kusweka kwa unyolo wa polyacrylamide. Ma solutions a hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) omwe amapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed amataya kukhuthala mwachangu pamene kulemera kwa mamolekyu kumachepa chifukwa cha kutentha.
- Mayankho Okhazikika pa Kutentha:Makina a HPAM opangidwa ndi nanocomposite, okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwirizana (monga silica kapena alumina), awonetsa kukhazikika kwa kutentha, kusunga kukhuthala bwino kutentha mpaka 90°C ndi kupitirira apo.
- Mphamvu ya Makina:Kuchuluka kwa kudulidwa kwa mafuta chifukwa cha kupopa, kubayidwa, kapena kuyenda kudzera m'mabowo kumapangitsa kuti unyolo wa polima uchepe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhuthala kwa mafuta kuchepe kwambiri. Kudutsa kwa mapampu mobwerezabwereza kumatha kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa mafuta ndi 50%, zomwe zimafooketsa mphamvu yobwezeretsa mafuta.
- Khalidwe Lochepetsa Kudula Nsalu:Ma solution a Polyacrylamide amawonetsa kuchepeta kwa shear—kukhuthala kumachepa pamene shear rate ikukwera. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mu ntchito za polima zomwe zimasefukira m'munda, chifukwa miyeso ya kukhuthala pamitengo yosiyanasiyana ya shear imatha kusiyana kwambiri.
- Mphamvu ya Zonyansa:Madzi amchere ochokera m'madzi osungiramo madzi ndi omwe amapangidwa ndi mafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zosafunika monga chitsulo, sulfide, kapena ma hydrocarbon. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kapena mvula yambiri mu njira zoyeretsera ma polima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kasamalidwe ka kukhuthala kakhale kovuta.
- Kusokoneza ndi Zowonjezera:Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala pakati pa polyacrylamide ndi ma surfactants kapena othandizira olumikizirana kungasinthe mawonekedwe a viscosity omwe amayembekezeredwa, mwina kukulitsa kapena kulepheretsa magwiridwe antchito a EOR.
- Kusankha Polima Koyenera:Kusankha mitundu ya HPAM kapena kupanga ma copolymer a sulfonated polyacrylamide oyenera mchere ndi kutentha komwe kumayembekezeredwa kumathandizira kusunga kukhuthala. Njira zoyezera kukhuthala kwa polymer zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotale zimatsogolera kusankha koyambirira, koma deta ya m'munda iyenera kutsimikizira zotsatira pansi pa mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito.
- Kuphatikiza kwa Zinthu Zachilengedwe:Kuphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono—monga SiO₂, Al₂O₃, kapena nanocellulose—kumawonjezera kukana kwa polima ku kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu mayeso a kusefukira kwa madzi a nanocomposite. Njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa cha kuuma kwa malo osungiramo madzi.
- Kulamulira Kuchuluka kwa Ma Ion:Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma divalent cations kudzera mu kukonza madzi kapena kutsuka ndi madzi ofewa kumachepetsa kutsekeka kwa ionic ndipo kumasunga kufalikira kwa unyolo wa polymer, motero kumawonjezera kukhuthala kwa jekeseni.
- Kugwirizana kwa Surfactant ndi Cross-linker:Kusintha kapangidwe ka mankhwala a ma surfactants kapena ma cross-linkers kuti agwirizane ndi mitundu yayikulu ya ma polima kumapewa mvula ndi kutsika kwa kukhuthala kosayembekezereka.
- Kuchepetsa Kuwonekera kwa Kudula:Kupanga makina opangira jakisoni (pogwiritsa ntchito mapampu ochepetsedwa, kusakaniza pang'ono, ndi mapaipi osalala) kumachepetsa kusweka kwa unyolo wa polima. Kupanga njira zoboola bwino kuti muchepetse kuyenda kwa madzi kosasunthika kumathandizanso kuti kukhuthala kusungike.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zoyezera Kukhuthala kwa Mafuta Omwe Ali Paintaneti:Kugwiritsa ntchito inline viscosity meters kapena virtual viscosity meters (VVM) kumathandiza kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ya polyacrylamide viscosity panthawi yobayira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mayankho achangu ayambe kutayika kwa viscosity.
- Malamulo Oyang'anira Kukhuthala:Zipangizo zoyesera mafuta a labotale komanso muyeso wamkati mwa munda zimapereka chidziwitso chokwanirakulamulira kukhuthaladongosolo, lofunikira kwambiri kuti likhale lokhazikika kuyambira posungira mpaka polowera m'chitsime.
- Ma Model Okhala ndi Kukhuthala Koyendetsedwa ndi Data:Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosinthika, yoyendetsedwa ndi deta yomwe imayang'anira kutentha, mchere, ndi zotsatira za shear zimathandiza kukonza bwino magawo a jakisoni—kuchuluka kwa polymer, kuchuluka kwa jakisoni, ndi kutsatana—munthawi yeniyeni.
- Ma Adaptive CMG kapena Eclipse Simulations:Ma simulator apamwamba a malo osungiramo mafuta amagwiritsa ntchito miyezo yoyezedwa komanso yoyesedwa ya kukhuthala kuti asinthe machitidwe osefukira kwa madzi, kukonza bwino momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito m'malo osungiramo mafuta, ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa polima kudzera mu kuwonongeka kapena kulowetsedwa kwa madzi.
- Kutsimikizira kwa Munda:M'minda yamadzi akuya a Bohai Bay ndi South China Sea, njira zoyeserera zinagwiritsa ntchito nanocomposite HPAM yokhala ndi inline viscosity monitoring kuti zikwaniritse kusefukira kwa polima kokhazikika komanso kogwira ntchito bwino pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso mchere wambiri.
- Kupambana kwa Kusefukira kwa Madzi ku SP:Malo osungiramo mafuta okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso mchere wambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja anena kuti mafuta awonjezeka kufika pa 15% pambuyo pa kukonza bwino kukhuthala kwa polima pogwiritsa ntchito SP blends ndi nanoparticle stabilization.
Kutentha
Kuwonongeka kwa Kudula
Zodetsa ndi Kuyanjana kwa Mankhwala
Njira Zosungira Kukhuthala kwa Polyacrylamide Kokhazikika Pakuika Jakisoni
Kukonza Mapangidwe
Kasamalidwe ka Electrolyte ndi Zowonjezera
Machitidwe a Makaniko ndi Ogwira Ntchito
Kupanga Ma Modeli ndi Kusintha Kwamphamvu
Zitsanzo kuchokera ku Ma Applications a M'munda
Kuyeza bwino kukhuthala kwa ma polima obwezeretsa mafuta kumafuna kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono—kuyambira kupanga mpaka kuyang'anira mkati—kuti zitsimikizire kuti kusefukira kwa ma polima kumachitika bwino m'malo ovuta kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya.
Polyacrylamide Yothandizira Kubwezeretsa Mafuta
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Kuonetsetsa Kuti Polymer Ikugwira Ntchito Mogwirizana: Mavuto ndi Mayankho
Kusefukira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito polima, njira zowonjezerera mafuta m'madzi akuya komanso kufufuza gasi, zimakumana ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zingasokoneze magwiridwe antchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito polima. Kusunga kukhuthala kwabwino kwa yankho la polyacrylamide ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kungachepetse magwiridwe antchito a malo osungiramo mafuta ndi chuma cha polojekiti.
Mavuto Ogwira Ntchito
1. Kuwonongeka kwa Makina
Ma polima a Polyacrylamide amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa makina panthawi yonse yobayira ndi kuyenda kwa madzi. Mphamvu zambiri zodula - zomwe zimapezeka m'mapampu, mizere yobayira, komanso pakhosi lopindika - zimaswa unyolo wautali wa polima, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kukhuthala. Mwachitsanzo, ma polima a HPAM okhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri (>10 MDa) amatha kuchepa kwambiri kulemera kwa mamolekyulu (nthawi zina mpaka 200 kDa) atadutsa mu zida zodula kwambiri kapena miyala yolimba. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumatanthauza kutayika kwa ntchito yotsuka ndi kusayenda bwino, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti mafuta ayambe kuchira pang'onopang'ono. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi mpweya wosungunuka zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka, ngakhale kusintha kwa kuthamanga ndi mchere sikukhudza kwambiri nkhaniyi.
2. Kumwetsa ndi Kusunga Madzi mu Chitsime
Mamolekyu a Polyacrylamide amatha kulowetsedwa kapena kukodwa pamwamba pa mchere mkati mwa thanthwe losungiramo madzi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa polima komwe kumafalikira kudzera m'malo olumikizirana. Mu mchenga, kulowetsedwa kwa physical, kutsekeka kwa makina, ndi kuyanjana kwa ma electrostatic kumakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri, omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'madzi akuya komanso kupanga malo osungira mafuta ndi gasi, amawonjezera zotsatirazi, pomwe mapangidwe a miyala osweka amawonjezera kusokoneza njira ya polima—nthawi zina amachepetsa kusunga koma pamtengo wofanana. Kulowetsedwa kwambiri kwa madzi sikungochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala moyenera komanso kungasinthe kukhuthala kwa malo, kuwononga kuwongolera koyenera kuyenda.
3. Yankho la Kukalamba ndi Kugwirizana kwa Mankhwala
Ma polymer solutions amatha kuwonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena zinthu zachilengedwe isanayambe, ikaperekedwa, komanso itatha kubayidwa. Ma divalent cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) m'madzi opangidwa amathandizira kulumikizana ndi mvula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhuthala kuchepe mofulumira. Kusagwirizana ndi saline kapena madzi olimba kumalepheretsa kusunga kukhuthala. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka m'malo obwezeretsanso madzi opangidwa. Kutentha kwa madzi osungiramo madzi ndi kupezeka kwa mpweya wosungunuka kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kusweka kwa unyolo woyendetsedwa ndi free radical, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukalamba ndi kutayika kwa kukhuthala kuchepe.
Kuwongolera Njira ndi Kuyeza Kosalekeza kwa Kukhuthala
Kuyeza kopitilira muyeso wa kukhuthala kwa mkatindi kuwongolera mayankho odziyimira pawokha nthawi yeniyeni ndi njira zodziwikiratu kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa ntchito za polima zomwe zimasefukira. Zida zoyezera mafuta okhuthala kwambiri, monga deta yoyendetsedwa ndi viscosity meter (VVM), zimapereka mawerengedwe odziyimira pawokha komanso opitilira a viscosity ya yankho la polima pamalo ofunikira kwambiri. Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi miyeso yachikhalidwe ya labotale komanso yopanda intaneti, zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe a viscosity okwanira panthawi yonse yogwirira ntchito yobwezeretsa mafuta yowonjezeredwa ndi mankhwala.
Ubwino ndi mayankho ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi machitidwe awa ndi awa:
- Kuchepetsa Kuwonongeka kwa Makina:Mwa kuyang'anira kukhuthala kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni, ogwira ntchito amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi ndikusintha zida zapamwamba kuti achepetse kufalikira kwa madzi. Mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira koyambirira kwa kukhuthala kwa madzi—komwe kukuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma polima—kumayambitsa njira zogwirira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, kusunga umphumphu wa polyacrylamide.
- Kusamalira Zoopsa Zokhudza Kumwa ndi Kusunga Madzi:Ndi deta yokhazikika komanso yodziyimira yokha, ma polima ndi njira zoyikiramo zinthu zitha kusinthidwa mosinthasintha. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa polima koyenera komwe kumalowa m'chitsime kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutayika kwa malo omwe akuwoneka kuti asungidwe kukhale koyenera.
- Kusunga Kugwirizana kwa Mankhwala M'malo Ovuta:Kuyeza kwa kukhuthala kwa ma polima obwezeretsa mafuta kumathandiza kuzindikira mwachangu kusintha kwa kukhuthala chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka madzi amchere kapena kukalamba kwa yankho. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusintha mapangidwe a polima kapena mndandanda wa mankhwala kuti asunge mawonekedwe a rheological, kupewa mavuto a jakisoni ndi malo osasinthika osagwirizana.
- Kuyeza Kwanthawi Zonse:Phatikizani muyeso wa kukhuthala kwapamwamba pa intaneti mu unyolo wonse wotumizira—kuyambira zodzoladzola mpaka jakisoni komanso pachimake pa chitsime.
- Kuwongolera Njira Zoyendetsedwa ndi Deta:Gwiritsani ntchito njira zodziwira zokha zomwe zimasintha kuchuluka kwa polima, kusakaniza, kapena magawo ogwirira ntchito nthawi yeniyeni kuti zitsimikizire kuti yankho lolowetsedwa limakwaniritsa kukhuthala komwe mukufuna.
- Kusankha ndi Kukonza Polima:Sankhani ma polima opangidwa kuti azikhazikika/kutentha komanso kuti agwirizane ndi malo a ayoni a dziwe. Gwiritsani ntchito ma polima osinthidwa pamwamba kapena osakanizidwa (monga HPAM okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena zowonjezera zamagulu) pamene mchere wambiri kapena ma divalent cations sangalepheretsedwe.
- Zipangizo Zokonzedwa Bwino:Pangani ndikuwunikanso nthawi zonse zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa malo (mapampu, ma valve, mizere) kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa shear, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi kuwunika kwa munda ndi chitsanzo.
- Kutsimikizira Kwanthawi Zonse:Tsimikizirani zotsatira za kuyeza kukhuthala pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamide nthawi ndi nthawi komanso rheology ya zitsanzo zamunda.
Malangizo Othandizira Kusamalira Kukhuthala kwa Mizu
Kutsatira njira zabwino izi pogwiritsira ntchito ma polima omwe amasefukira madzi kumathandiza mwachindunji kuti mafuta asamasefukire bwino m'malo osungiramo mafuta, kusunga kuti ntchito yobwezeretsa mafuta m'mafuta ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino, komanso kukonza bwino malo opangira mafuta ndi gasi m'malo ovuta okhala ndi madzi akuya.
Kukulitsa Kugwira Ntchito Mwachangu Pogwiritsa Ntchito Kukonza Zooneka Bwino
Kusefa bwino ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa njira zowonjezerera mafuta (EOR), makamaka pakusefukira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito polima. Imafotokoza momwe madzi omwe amalowetsedwa amadutsa bwino m'malo osungiramo mafuta, kuchoka pa jekeseni kupita ku zitsime zopangira mafuta, ndikuchotsa mafuta m'malo omwe amalowa madzi ambiri komanso otsika. Kusefa bwino kwambiri kumatsimikizira kulumikizana kofanana komanso kwakukulu pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimalowetsedwa ndi mafuta otsala, kuchepetsa madera omwe mafuta amadutsamo ndikuwonjezera kusuntha ndi kubwezeretsa mafuta.
Momwe Kukulitsa Kukhuthala Kumathandizira Kugwira Ntchito Mwachangu
Ma polima okhala ndi polyacrylamide, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsa mafuta m'madzi. Ma polima awa amawonjezera kukhuthala kwa madzi omwe amalowetsedwa, motero amachepetsa chiŵerengero cha kuyenda (kuchotsa kuyenda kwa madzi m'madzi poyerekeza ndi kuyenda kwa mafuta komwe kumasinthidwa). Chiŵerengero cha kuyenda chochepera kapena chofanana ndi chimodzi n'chofunika kwambiri; chimaletsa kugwedezeka kwa zala ndikuchepetsa kuyenda kwa madzi, mavuto omwe amawonedwa nthawi zambiri akamasefukira madzi. Zotsatira zake ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kosalekeza komanso kokhazikika, komwe ndikofunikira kuti kusefukira kwa madzi m'malo osungira mafuta kukhale bwino.
Kupita patsogolo kwa kapangidwe ka polima—kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera tinthu tating'onoting'ono monga nano-SiO₂—kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kulamulira bwino kwambiri kwa ma viscosity. Mwachitsanzo, machitidwe a nano-SiO₂-HPAM amapanga ma network olumikizana mu yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma viscosity ndi elasticity zikhale zolimba. Kusintha kumeneku kumathandizira kuti ma macroscopic sweep efficiency azitha kuyenda bwino mwa kulimbikitsa kusuntha kwa malo ofananira komanso kuchepetsa kuyenda kudzera munjira zolowera kwambiri, motero kumayang'ana mafuta omwe akanatha kupewedwa. Kafukufuku wa m'munda ndi m'ma labotale akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwapakati pa 6% pakubwezeretsa mafuta ndi kuchepa kwa 14% kwa kuthamanga kwa jakisoni ndi machitidwe opangidwa ndi nano poyerekeza ndi kusefukira kwa polima wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuchepe komanso ubwino wa chilengedwe.
M'malo osungiramo zinthu zosiyanasiyana, njira zojambulira ma polima mozungulira—monga kusinthana kwa ma slugs a ma polymer omwe ali ndi mchere wochepa komanso wambiri—zimathandizira kukonza bwino ma viscosity omwe ali mkati mwa malo. Njira yokonzedwayi imayang'ana mavuto a injectivity m'deralo pafupi ndi zitsime ndipo imakwaniritsa mawonekedwe ofunikira a viscosity apamwamba mkati mwa mapangidwe, ndikukulitsa magwiridwe antchito popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito.
Ubale Wochuluka Pakati pa Kukhuthala, Kusesa, ndi Kubwezeretsa Mafuta
Kafukufuku wochuluka ndi kufalikira kwa malo kumakhazikitsa maulalo omveka bwino pakati pa kukhuthala kwa yankho la polymer, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa sweep, ndi kubwezeretsa mafuta komaliza. Kusefukira kwa madzi ndi mayeso a rheological nthawi zonse kumasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa polymer kumathandizira kubwezeretsa; mwachitsanzo, kukweza kukhuthala kwa yankho kufika pa 215 mPa·s kwawonetsedwa kuti kumakweza zinthu zobwezeretsa kufika pa 71%, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa 40% poyerekeza ndi kusefukira kwa madzi. Komabe, pali njira yabwino kwambiri: kupitirira malire oyenera a kukhuthala kumatha kusokoneza kuyika kapena kukweza ndalama zogwirira ntchito popanda phindu lofanana pakubwezeretsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kufananiza kapena kupitirira pang'ono kukhuthala kwa mafuta osakonzedwa bwino omwe ali pamalopo ndi yankho la polymer lolowetsedwa—lotchedwa viscous/gravity ratio optimization—kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa mafuta ndi mpweya m'madzi akuya komanso akuya. Njira imeneyi imakulitsa kusuntha kwa mafuta mwa kulinganiza mphamvu za capillary, gravity, ndi viscous, monga momwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyerekezera (monga zitsanzo za UTCHEM) ndi deta yeniyeni ya m'munda.
Njira zamakono zowunikira, kuphatikizapo zida zoyezera kukhuthala kwa mafuta mkati ndi kuyesa kukhuthala kwa polima kogwira ntchito bwino, zimathandiza kusanthula kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamide nthawi ya ntchito za EOR. Zida zimenezi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonza zinthu nthawi zonse, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha nthawi yeniyeni ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba nthawi yonse ya kusefukira kwa madzi.
Mwachidule, kukonza bwino kwa ma polima omwe amasefukira madzi—komwe kumathandizidwa ndi muyeso wa ma viscosity womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamunda wa ma polima owonjezera mafuta komanso kuthandizidwa ndi ma modeli opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri—kuli ngati mwala wofunikira kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito komanso kupindula konse kwa ma polima m'malo ovuta amafuta ndi gasi, makamaka m'malo akuya.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kusefukira kwa Madzi ndi Polima inMalo Osungira Mafuta ndi Gasi M'madzi Ozama
Kukonzekera, Kusakaniza, ndi Kulamulira Ubwino kwa Polima Mwadongosolo
Pakukula kwa mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya, maziko a kuchira bwino kwa mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito ma polima ndi kukonzekera mosamala komanso kosalekeza kwa mayankho okhala ndi polyacrylamide. Kusamala kwambiri za ubwino wa madzi ndikofunikira; kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera, ofewa kumaletsa kuyanjana kosafunikira komwe kumachepetsa kukhuthala kwa polyacrylamide pakubwezeretsa mafuta. Njira yosungunukira iyenera kulamulidwa—ufa wa polima umawonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono m'madzi ndi kusunthika pang'ono. Kusakaniza mwachangu kwambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa unyolo wa polima, pomwe pang'onopang'ono kwambiri kumabweretsa kupangika kwa ma polymer ndi kupanga yankho kosakwanira.
Liwiro la kusakaniza limasinthidwa kutengera mtundu wa polima ndi zida, nthawi zambiri kusunga ma RPM apakati kuti alimbikitse madzi okwanira komanso kufanana. Nthawi yosakaniza imatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu zitsanzo pafupipafupi komanso kusanthula kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamide musanayike. Kuchuluka kwa yankho kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zofunikira pa dziwe ndikuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyesera kukhuthala kwa mafuta, kulinganiza pakati pa kukulitsa kukhuthala kogwira mtima komanso kupewa mavuto okhudzana ndi kulowetsa.
Malo osungiramo zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala. Polyacrylamide imakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kuwala, ndi chinyezi, ndipo imafuna malo ozizira komanso ouma. Konzani mayankho pafupi ndi nthawi yoperekera jakisoni kuti mupewe kuwonongeka. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zowongolera khalidwe la munda mwa kutenga zitsanzo zachizolowezi ndikuchita mayeso apamwamba a polymer viscosity pamalopo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyezera polymer viscosity. Deta yeniyeni imatsimikizira kuti mayankho amakhalabe mkati mwa zofunikira zomwe mukufuna, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kukweza kwa ntchito ya polymer kusefukira kwa madzi.
Kufunika kwa Kuwunika Kosalekeza ndi Kusintha Kwake Pa Nthawi Yeniyeni
Kusunga magwiridwe antchito abwino a polima pansi pa kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya kumafuna kuyang'anira mosalekeza ma viscosity. Maukadaulo monga ma viscosity meters (VVMs) oyendetsedwa ndi deta, ma ultrasound rheometers, ndi zida zoyezera ma viscosity mafuta mkati mwake zimapereka kutsata kwanthawi yeniyeni kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi—ngakhale pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri (HPHT), ndi malo osinthika a mchere.
Kuyeza kokhazikika komanso kokhazikika kumathandiza kuzindikira kusintha kwa rheology ya polima panthawi yosungira, kusakaniza, kunyamula, ndi kulowetsa. Machitidwewa nthawi yomweyo amavumbula kuwonongeka, kuipitsidwa, kapena kusungunuka kwa zinthu zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito za polima zomwe zimasefukira. Mwachitsanzo, masensa ogwedera pansi amapereka ma profiles a viscosity, kuthandizira kuwongolera kwamphamvu pa magawo a jakisoni kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa za malo osungiramo madzi.
Ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito ndemanga iyi nthawi yeniyeni kuti apange kusintha kolondola kwa mlingo—kusintha kuchuluka kwa polima, kuchuluka kwa jakisoni, kapena kusintha mitundu ya polima ngati pakufunika kutero. Ma polima apamwamba a nanocomposite, monga HPAM-SiO₂, amasonyeza kukhazikika kwa kukhuthala kwa viscosity, ndipo zida zimatsimikiza bwino momwe zimagwirira ntchito kuposa ma HPAM wamba, makamaka pamene kugwira ntchito bwino m'malo osungira mafuta kumayikidwa patsogolo.
Makina anzeru amadzimadzi ndi nsanja zowongolera zamagetsi zimaphatikiza muyeso wa kukhuthala kwa ma polima obwezeretsa mafuta mwachindunji m'zipinda zosungiramo mafuta kapena zowongolera. Izi zimathandiza kukonza mapulogalamu ojambulira nthawi yeniyeni, pogwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera komanso kuchepetsa mavuto mwachangu monga kutaya kwa injection kapena kusanja kosagwirizana.
Njira Zotetezeka Komanso Zogwira Mtima Zogwiritsira Ntchito Malo Okhala M'mphepete mwa Nyanja ndi Madzi Akuya
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezerera mafuta m'nyanja kumafuna njira zapadera zogwirira ntchito komanso chitetezo. Njira zochepetsera kutentha kwa makina ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapereka njira zosinthika, zopangidwa kale zomwe zitha kuyikidwa ndikukulitsidwa pamene malo akusintha. Izi zimachepetsa zovuta zoyika, nthawi yogwira ntchito, komanso ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe zikukweza kuwongolera kogwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso chitetezo pamalopo.
Ukadaulo wa polima wophimbidwa umalimbitsa jakisoni wotetezeka komanso wogwira mtima. Ma polima ophimbidwa ndi zokutira zoteteza amalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kudulidwa kwa makina, komanso kunyowa msanga mpaka atakumana ndi madzi osungiramo madzi. Kutumiza kumeneku kumachepetsa kutayika, kumatsimikizira kuti ntchito yonse ikugwira ntchito pamalo okhudzidwa, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa jakisoni.
Mayankho ayeneranso kufufuzidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zomangamanga zomwe zilipo pansi pa nyanja. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyesera mafuta kuti zitsimikizire zomwe zafotokozedwazo musanalowetse madzi mu dongosololi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwanthawi zonse kumaphatikizaponso njira zojambulira za Polymer-Alternating-Water (PAW), zomwe zimathandizira kuwongolera kuyenda ndi kusesa m'madzi osungiramo madzi akuya osiyanasiyana kapena ogawidwa m'magulu.
Kutsatira kwambiri malamulo a chitetezo cha m'nyanja ndikofunikira pa gawo lililonse: kusamalira mankhwala ochulukirapo, kusakaniza ntchito, kuyesa khalidwe, kuyeretsa makina, ndi kukonzekera mayankho adzidzidzi. Kuyeza mosalekeza kwa kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamide—ndi zinthu zobwerezabwereza komanso zochenjeza—kumatsimikizira kuti zolakwika zapezeka zisanapitirire kukhala zathanzi, chitetezo, kapena zachilengedwe.
Ma algorithm okonza malo osungira zitsime amathandiza kutsogolera njira zodzaza mafuta, kukonza kubwezeretsa mafuta ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima. Zisankho izi zomwe zimachokera ku ma algorithm zimayenderana bwino ndi magwiridwe antchito aukadaulo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zachuma, kuthandizira ntchito zokhazikika za EOR za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kusefukira kwa polima m'madzi akuya kumadalira njira zowongolera kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto: kuyambira kukonzekera mwadongosolo ndi kusakaniza ndi kupereka mlingo wolinganizidwa, kudzera mu kuyang'anira mozama mkati ndi kusintha nthawi yeniyeni, mpaka machitidwe odzipangira okha, otsekedwa, komanso otetezeka. Chigawo chilichonse chimatsimikizira kudalirika kwa kuyika mafuta, cholinga chake ndi kubwezeretsa mafuta bwino, komanso chikugwirizana ndi miyezo yokhwima kwambiri ya chilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza Miyeso ya Kukhuthala mu Ntchito Zakumunda kuti pakhale EOR Yabwino Kwambiri
Kayendedwe ka Ntchito Kogwirizanitsa Kuwunika kwa Inline Viscosity mu Machitidwe a M'munda
Kuphatikiza muyeso wa inline viscosity mu polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mu deepwater water oil ndi gas exploration kumasintha field workflows kuchoka pa periodical manual sampling kupita ku automated, continuous feedback. Ntchito yamphamvu imaphatikizapo:
- Kusankha ndi Kukhazikitsa kwa Sensor:Sankhani zida zoyezera kukhuthala kwa mafuta zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zosowa za ntchito. Zipangizo zamakono zimaphatikizapo masensa ogwedera oyendetsedwa ndi piezoelectric, ma viscometer ozungulira a Couette pa intaneti, ndi masensa a acoustic rheology, omwe ali oyenerera machitidwe a viscoelastic komanso nthawi zambiri osakhala a Newtonian a polyacrylamide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu EOR.
- Kukonza ndi Kukhazikitsa Maziko:Linganizani masensa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba za rheological, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira za linear-elastic ndi viscoelastic kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi olondola pakusintha kwa malo osungiramo zinthu ndi mankhwala. Deta ya tensorial kuchokera ku tensile ndi DMA calibration nthawi zambiri imabweretsa zotsatira zodalirika, zofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya.
- Kupeza ndi Kusonkhanitsa Deta Yokha:Konzani zida zosonkhanitsira deta nthawi yeniyeni. Gwirizanitsani ndi ma field SCADA kapena ma DCS systems kuti deta ya viscosity iphatikizidwe pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zogwirira ntchito. Machitidwe owerengera mkati ndi kusinthidwa kwa baseline yokha kumachepetsa kusuntha ndikuwongolera kulimba.
- Ma Loop Obwerezabwereza Osalekeza:Gwiritsani ntchito deta ya viscosity ya nthawi yeniyeni kuti musinthe kuchuluka kwa polima, kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi polima, komanso kuchuluka kwa jakisoni. Kuphunzira kwa makina kapena kusanthula kothandizidwa ndi AI kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikuwongolera bwino m'malo osungira mafuta, kuthandizira ogwira ntchito m'munda ndi malangizo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chitsanzo:Mu pulojekiti ya EOR ya deepwater, kusintha mayeso opangidwa ndi labu ndi masensa a piezoelectric omwe ali mkati mwake pamodzi ndi ma viscosity meters ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti kunapangitsa kuti pakhale kuzindikira mwachangu ndi kukonza ma viscosity excursions, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa polima ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Kuyang'anira Deta ndi Kutanthauzira Pothandizira Kusankha
Ntchito za m'munda zimadalira kwambiri kupanga zisankho nthawi yeniyeni, motsogozedwa ndi deta pakugwiritsa ntchito ma polima m'munda womwe umasefukira madzi. Kuphatikiza kuyeza kwa kukhuthala kwa ma polima owonjezera mafuta kumaphatikizapo:
- Mapulatifomu a Deta Okhazikika:Deta yooneka ngati ya viscosity imapita ku nyanja za data kapena mitambo, zomwe zimathandiza kusanthula deta m'magawo osiyanasiyana komanso kusunga zosungiramo. Kutsimikizira deta yokha komanso kuzindikira deta yakunja kumathandizira kudalirika.
- Kukonza Alamu ndi Kukonza Zinthu Mwapadera:Machenjezo odziyimira pawokha amadziwitsa ogwira ntchito ndi mainjiniya za kusiyana kwa kukhuthala kuchokera ku malo omwe adakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuyankha mwachangu ku mavuto monga kuwonongeka kwa polima kapena kusakanikirana kwamadzimadzi mosayembekezereka.
- Kuwonetsa ndi Kupereka Malipoti:Ma Dashboard amasonyeza ma profiles a kukhuthala, zochitika, ndi kupotoka munthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera bwino momwe zinthu zilili komanso kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu.
- Kuphatikiza ndi Kupanga Kowonjezera:Deta ya kukhuthala, ikaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga ndi kuwerengera kwa kupanikizika, imatsogolera kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kuchuluka kwa ma polima ndi njira zobayira kuti ziwonjezere phindu lobwezeretsa mafuta.
Kuyika kusanthula kwa ma viscosity ndi zida muzochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku kumalimbitsa maziko a kusefukira kwa ma polima EOR—kuthandiza ogwira ntchito m'munda kuti azilamulira bwino momwe zinthu zilili, kuyankha ku kusintha kwa njira, ndikupereka mafuta odalirika komanso otchipa omwe amabwezeretsedwa mosavuta panthawi yovuta ya ntchito zamafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
1. N’chifukwa chiyani kukhuthala kwa yankho la polyacrylamide n’kofunika kwambiri pakusefukira kwa polima kuti mafuta abwererenso bwino?
Kukhuthala kwa yankho la Polyacrylamide kumalamulira mwachindunji chiŵerengero cha kuyenda pakati pa madzi olowetsedwa ndi mafuta okhala panthawi ya kusefukira kwa polima. Kukhuthala kwa yankho lokwera kumachepetsa kuyenda kwa madzi olowetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusefukira kugwire bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa njira zoyendetsera madzi. Izi zimathandiza kuti yankho la polima lichotse mafuta omwe ali m'malo mwake bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta abwererenso m'malo ozama a mafuta ndi gasi. Kukhuthala kwabwinoko kumachepetsanso kufalikira kwa madzi msanga komanso kumawonjezera kusuntha kwa mafuta kutsogolo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezerera mafuta. Kafukufuku akutsimikizira kuti kusunga kukhuthala kwa polyacrylamide ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kusefukira kugwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti mafuta abwerere bwino m'malo omasefukira kwa polima.
2. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kukhuthala kwa yankho la polima panthawi ya ntchito za EOR?
Zinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi ntchito komanso zokhudzana ndi dziwe zimakhudza kukhuthala kwa yankho la polima:
- Mchere:Kuchuluka kwa mchere, makamaka ndi ma divalent cations monga calcium ndi magnesium, kungachepetse kukhuthala kwa polyacrylamide. Mayankho ayenera kupangidwa kuti akhalebe olimba pansi pa madzi osungiramo madzi.
- Kutentha:Kutentha kwambiri kwa malo osungiramo madzi nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kukhuthala kwa madzi ndipo kumatha kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa polima. Ma polima kapena zowonjezera zomwe zimakhazikika pa kutentha zingafunike m'minda yamadzi akuya kapena yotentha kwambiri.
- Kuchuluka kwa Kudula:Kuduladula kwa mapampu, mapaipi, kapena malo obowola kungayambitse kutayika kwa kukhuthala kudzera mu kuwonongeka kwa makina. Ma polima ochepetsa kudulidwa amakondedwa chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo m'malo omwe ali ndi liwiro lalikulu.
- Kuchuluka kwa polima:Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa polima kumawonjezera kukhuthala kwa yankho, kukulitsa kutsuka koma kungawonjezere zovuta kapena mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito.
- Zodetsedwa:Kupezeka kwa mafuta, zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumatha kuwononga polima ndikuchepetsa kukhuthala.
Kuphatikiza kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ngati zowonjezera (monga SiO₂) kwawonetsa chiyembekezo pakukweza kukhuthala ndi kukhazikika, makamaka pansi pa mchere woopsa komanso kutentha kwambiri, koma zoopsa zosonkhanitsidwa ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
3. Kodi kuyeza kwa kukhuthala kwa mkati mwa mzere kumathandizira bwanji kusefukira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito polima?
Kuyeza kwa kukhuthala kwa mkati kumapereka deta yokhazikika, yeniyeni pa yankho la polima pamene likukonzedwa ndikubayidwa. Izi zimapereka maubwino angapo:
- Ndemanga Yachangu:Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa kukhuthala nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga kusintha kwa nthawi yomweyo ku kuchuluka kwa polima kapena magawo a jakisoni.
- Chitsimikizo chadongosolo:Amaonetsetsa kuti gulu lililonse la polima likukwaniritsa kukhuthala komwe likufuna, kusunga kusinthasintha kwa njira ndikuchepetsa zinyalala.
- Kugwira Ntchito Mwanzeru:Amachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito, chifukwa kusintha sikuyenera kudikira zotsatira za labotale pang'onopang'ono. Kuwongolera nthawi yeniyeni kumathandiza kuti ntchito zizichitika zokha, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kukonza zachuma za polojekiti ya EOR.
- Kukonza Bwino kwa Sweep Efficiency:Mwa kusunga kukhuthala koyenera nthawi yonse yothira, kuyeza mkati mwa mzere kumawonjezera mphamvu yotsuka ndi kusuntha bwino kwa mafuta, makamaka m'malo ovuta a mafuta ndi gasi m'madzi akuya.
4. Ndi mitundu yanji ya zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukhuthala kwa mafuta panthawi ya EOR?
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zoyesera kukhuthala kwa mafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yonse yokonzanso mafuta:
- Ma Viscometer Okhala Pamzere:Perekani muyeso wokhazikika komanso wowona nthawi yeniyeni mu ndondomekoyi. Ndi olimba komanso oyenera kuphatikizidwa mu makina owongolera okha.
- Ma Viscometer Ozungulira:Zipangizo monga Fann-35 kapena rheometers zimagwiritsa ntchito spindle yozungulira kuti ione kukhuthala kwa madzi. Izi ndizofala kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa labotale komanso pamalopo.
- Ma Marsh Funnels ndi Viscometers za Waya Wogwedezeka:Zipangizo zosavuta kunyamula zomwe zimapereka kuwunika mwachangu, ngakhale pang'ono, kukhuthala.
- Kuyesa Kwambiri:Zipangizo zoyezera mafuta okhuthala kwambiri zomwe zili ndi kulosera kwa makina ophunzirira, masamu, kapena kubwezera kutentha/kupanikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka pakupanga malo osungira mafuta a digito komanso pa ntchito zopitilira za polima.
Kusankha zida moyenera kumafunika kulondola, kulimba kwa malo, mtengo, ndi kuphatikiza deta mu ntchito.
5. Kodi kukonza bwino ntchito yoyeretsa mafuta kumathandiza bwanji kuti mafuta abwererenso m'malo ozama kwambiri?
Kusefa bwino kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa malo osungira mafuta omwe akhudzidwa ndi madzi omwe alowetsedwa. Pakukula kwa mafuta ndi mpweya m'madzi akuya, kusiyana, kuchuluka kwa kuyenda bwino, ndi njira zoyendetsera mafuta zimachepetsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mafuta ndikusiya mafuta ambiri osaloledwa.
Kukonza bwino ntchito yoyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito kasamalidwe ka kukhuthala kumatsimikizira kuti:
- Kulumikizana Kwambiri:Njira yothetsera polima yokhuthala imafalitsa madzi ozungulira, kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa njira ndi zala.
- Mafuta Osadulidwa Mochepa:Kugwirizana bwino kumaonetsetsa kuti madera omwe kale anali osasefedwa akhudzidwa ndi madzi omwe alowetsedwa.
- Chinthu Chothandizira Kubwezeretsa Bwino:Kusamutsa bwino mafuta kumatanthauza kuti mafuta ambiri amapangidwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-07-2025
