Mu ndege, kuonetsetsa kuti ndege zili bwino nthawi yozizira n’kofunika kwambiri.Kukonza ndegeZimaphatikizapo kuchotsa ayezi, chipale chofewa, kapena chisanu pamwamba pa ndege kuti zisunge bwino kayendedwe kake ka mpweya, chifukwa ngakhale ayezi wochepa amatha kuchepetsa kukwera ndi kukweza kukoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa zazikulu.Njira zochotsera ndegekudalira madzi apadera, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndiethylene glycol(EG) kapena propylene glycol(PG), kusungunula ayezi ndikuletsa kusintha.
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi oyeretsedwaNdi njira yofunika kwambiri yosungira kuchuluka koyenera kwa madzi awa, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji nthawi yawo yozizira, kukhuthala, ndi nthawi yosungira (HOT). Kuchuluka kolakwika kungayambitse kuchotsedwa kosagwira ntchito, zoopsa zachitetezo, kapena kukwera mtengo, ndi madzi ochotsedwa pamtengo wa $8–12 pa galoni.Zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadzindimita ya deicer densitykupereka njira zamakono zowunikira nthawi yeniyeni, makamaka pakuwongolera zinyalala ndi kubwezeretsanso, komanso kupititsa patsogolomayankho odulira ndegeNkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ntchito ya kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi, ubwino wake, ndi kuphatikizidwa kwake mumakina odulira ndege.
BackgchozunguliraKtsopanoedge yaKukonza Ndege
Kodi Kukonza Ndege N'chiyani?
Kukonza ndegeNdi njira yochotsera zinthu zodetsa zomwe zili mumlengalenga musananyamuke, kuonetsetsa kuti ndege ikuyenda bwino. Ikuphatikizapo njira ziwiri:
Kukonza: Kuyika madzi otentha kuti asungunule ayezi, chipale chofewa, kapena chisanu chomwe chilipo.
Wotsutsa-ayisi: Kuphimba pamwamba ndi madzi kuti zisapangike ayezi watsopano panthawi yomwe nthaka ili pansi.
Makina odulira ndi oletsa kuzizira kwa ndegeKuthandizira ntchito zogwirira ntchito pansi, ndi ndege zina zokhala ndi mapiko otentha kapena ma propeller. Komabe, kuyeretsa pansi kumakhalabe kofunikira, koyendetsedwa ndi ophunzitsidwa bwino.akatswiri okonza ndegekutsatira molimbikanjira zodulira ndege.
Mitundu ya Madzi Ochokera ku Deicing
Madzi oyeretsera amagawidwa m'magulu anayi, iliyonse ili ndi makhalidwe akeake (Ground Icing: Fluid Basics):
Mtundu Woyamba: Madzi otsika kukhuthala pothira, ogwiritsidwa ntchito otentha, okhala ndi ma HOT afupiafupi.
Mtundu Wachiwiri: Madzi okhuthala oletsa kuzizira, omwe amapereka ma HOT aatali, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Europe.
Mtundu Wachitatu: Yoyenera ndege zazing'ono, zokhala ndi kutentha pang'ono.
Mtundu Wachinayi: Madzi okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa ndege zazikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotentha kwambiri.
Madzi amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ochokera ku glycol, ndipo propylene glycol ndi yabwino chifukwa cha poizoni wochepa.
| Mtundu wa Madzimadzi | Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwambiri | Kukhuthala | Nthawi Yogwira Ntchito |
| Mtundu Woyamba | Kukonza | Zochepa | Mwachidule |
| Mtundu Wachiwiri | Wotsutsa-ayisi | Pamwamba | Wocheperako |
| Mtundu Wachitatu | Kuphika/Kuletsa kuzizira | Pakatikati | Wocheperako |
| Mtundu Wachinayi | Wotsutsa-ayisi | Pamwamba | Kutalika |
Kufunika kwa MadziDmalo
Chifukwa chiyaniDmaloNkhani
Kuchuluka kwa madzi oyeretsera kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito awo:
Malo Ozizira: Kusakaniza kwa 70% glycol kumatha kuchepetsa nthawi yozizira kufika pa -67°F (-55°C), poyerekeza ndi -18°F (-28°C) yamadzimadzi osasungunuka.
Kukhuthala: Zimakhudza kufalikira kwa madzi ndi kumamatira, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakumwa madzi oundana.
Nthawi Yogwira Ntchito (YOTENTHA): Zimaonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chimatenga nthawi yayitali ndege isananyamuke.
Kutentha Kotsika Kwambiri Kogwiritsidwa Ntchito (LOUT): Imafotokoza kutentha kozizira kwambiri komwe madziwo amakhalabe ogwira ntchito.
Kuchulukana kolakwika kungayambitse:
Kuchepetsa kusungunuka: Kukhuthala kwakukulu, kupopera kosagwirizana, ndi madzi otayika.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi: Malo oundana kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ndi chitetezo.
Zotsatira Zachilengedwe ndi Mtengo
Madzi oyeretsera ndi okwera mtengo, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka ku US kumayerekeza kukhala magaloni 25 miliyoni. Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kumawonjezera ndalama, pomwe kutaya mosayenera kumadzetsa nkhawa zachilengedwe, monga kuipitsidwa kwa madzi apansi panthaka.Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa deicerzimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu ndi kusamalira zinyalala, pothandizira kutsatira malamulo monga a Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Udindo wa Mamita Oyezera Kuchuluka kwa Madzi
Kodi Mamita Oyezera Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Ochokera ku Deicing ndi Chiyani?
Zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadziYesani kuchuluka kwa madzi oyeretsera, komwe kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa glycol. Ma ultrasound kapena ma sonic velocity-based mita, monga ochokera ku , amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amawu kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ovuta asasokonezeke.
Mapulogalamu Ogwiritsira Ntchito Kukonza Ndege
Miyeso ya deicer densityamagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa:
Kuwunika Kwam'mbali: Kuyeza kuchulukana kwa madzi m'mapaipi oyendera (monga DN 50), mizere yosonkhanitsira madzi, kapena malo osungira madzi.
Kusamalira ZinyalalaKudziwa kuchuluka kwa glycol yotsala m'madzi otayira kuti abwezerezedwenso (>1%) kapena kutulutsa madzi.
Kuwongolera Njira: Kuonetsetsa kuti madzi ali bwino nthawi zonse mukasakaniza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mamita awa amathandiziramakina odulira ndegepopereka deta yosalekeza, kuchepetsa kudalira mayeso a labu.
Ubwino wa Kuyeza Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Ochokera ku Deicing
Lonnmeter, monga wopanga kapena wogulitsa wotsogola wa deicer density meter, yapereka mayankho ambiri aukadaulo okhudzamuyeso wopitilira wa kachulukidweMayankho athu amagwira ntchito yokweza chitetezo, kusunga ndalama, kutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito.
Chitetezo Cholimbikitsidwa
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi oyeretsedwakuonetsetsa kuti madzi akukwaniritsa miyezo yogwirira ntchito, kuteteza kusintha kwa ayezi ndikusunga umphumphu wa aerodynamic. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri panjira zodulira ndege, monga momwe zafotokozedwera ndi FAA.
Kusunga Ndalama
Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi,mita ya deicer densitykuchepetsa zinyalala, zomwe zimapulumutsa mamiliyoni ambiri pachaka. Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'anira molondola kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi 15%, monga momwe taonera m'mafukufuku a milandu.
Kutsatira Malamulo a Zachilengedwe
Zoyezera kuchulukanaThandizani kusamalira madzi otayira poyesa kuchuluka kwa glycol, kuonetsetsa kuti malamulo a EPA akutsatira. Kubwezeretsanso madzi okhala ndi >1% glycol kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso ndalama zochizira.
Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera
Zambiri zenizeni kuchokera kumita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadziamachepetsa kuchedwa, zomwe zimathandizaakatswiri okonza ndegekusintha mwachangu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zosavutamayankho odulira ndegendipo amachepetsa nthawi yogwirira ntchito.
Kuphatikizana ndi Mayankho Opangira Ndege
Zipangizo Zopangira Ma Deicing a Ndege
Zipangizo zodulira ndegezikuphatikizapo magalimoto opopera mankhwala, ma boom, ndi zida zonyamulira m'manja, zopangidwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito madzi moyenera.Inmzere dMa ensity mita amalumikizana ndi machitidwe awa kuti aziwunika ubwino wa madzi akagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Machitidwe Odulira Ndege
Makina odulira ndegeZimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, kuyang'anira, ndi kasamalidwe ka zinyalala. Mamita ochulukirachulukira amawonjezera machitidwe awa popereka deta yowongolera yokha, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi manja.
Maphunziro ndi Njira
Akatswiri okonza ndegeamafunika maphunziro munjira zodulira ndege, kuphatikizapo kuyeza madzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Zinthu mongapdf yotsutsana ndi kuzizira ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ndegekuchokera ku FAA amapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane (FAA SIAGDP).
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi kuyeretsa ndege n'chiyani?
Kukonza ndegeAmachotsa ayezi, chipale chofewa, kapena chisanu pamwamba pa ndege kuti atsimikizire kuti ndegeyo ikuyenda bwino.
Kodi choyezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi chimagwira ntchito bwanji?
Zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadziGwiritsani ntchito mafunde a ultrasound poyesa kuchulukana kwa zinthu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuchulukana kwa glycol kuti muwonetsetse nthawi yeniyeni.
Nchifukwa chiyani kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madzi ndikofunikira?
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa deicerkuonetsetsa kuti madzi amagwira ntchito bwino, chitetezo, komanso kutsata malamulo a chilengedwe mwa kuwongolera kuchulukana kwa madzi.
Ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndege?
Zipangizo zodulira ndegezikuphatikizapo magalimoto opopera, ma boom, ndi ma refractometer, okhala ndi zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti aziwunika bwino.
Zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadziakusinthamayankho odulira ndegepopereka deta yeniyeni yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kukhazikika. Ngakhale kuti refractive index ikadali muyezo wowunikira koyamba,kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi oyeretseraamachita bwino kwambiri pakuwunika kosalekeza komanso kusamalira zinyalala. Mabwalo a ndege, opereka chithandizo cha pansi, ndi opanga akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zida izi kuti akonze bwinomakina odulira ndi oletsa kuzizira kwa ndege, kuonetsetsa kuti zikutsatira miyezo ya FAA ndi SAE.
Komanso, Lonnmeter imachita bwino kwambiri potsimikizira yankho lophatikizana lomwe limaphatikizapo kuchulukana kosalekeza komansoviscositykuyeza kwa njira zoyezera ndi zoyezera ku ndege. Lumikizanani nafe kuti mudziwe momwe mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi a deicer ingakwezere ntchito zanu—pemphani chitsanzo chaulere lero (chokhacho ndi mayunitsi 1,000, oyamba kufika, oyamba kutumikiridwa)!
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-13-2025
