Mafuta opaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale akuluakulu monga mafakitale a magalimoto, mankhwala, zomangamanga, nsalu, zomangamanga, ulimi, migodi ndi kuboola mafuta chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi kuwonongeka, mafuta opaka komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mavuto oyenda ngati kukhuthala kwambiri kapena kochepa kwambiri angafupikitse moyo wa zida ndikuwonjezera ndalama zosamalira. Dziwani zambiri ndi Lonnmeter kuti mupeze njira zabwino kwambiri zoyezera kukhuthala kosalekeza mu mzere wosakaniza mafuta kapena njira zopangira. Tsatirani njira yoyendetsera ntchito yodzipangira yokha ya mafakitale.
Kodi Chizindikiro cha Kukhuthala (VI) cha Mafuta Opaka Mafuta N'chiyani?
Viscosity Index (VI) ndi muyeso wofunikira womwe umafotokoza kuthekera kwa mafuta opaka kuti asunge kukhuthala kokhazikika pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti chitsimikizire kuti amagwira ntchito bwino m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito. VI yapamwamba imasonyeza kusintha kochepa kwa kukhuthala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga machitidwe a hydraulic kapena injini zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mafuta opaka otsika a VI amakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kukhuthala, komwe kungasokoneze magwiridwe antchito. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta amchere achikhalidwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi VI ya 95-100, pomwe mafuta amchere oyengedwa bwino amafika mpaka 120, ndipo mafuta opangidwa amatha kufika pa VI yoposa 250.
Chidziwitso cha Msika & Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafakitale
Mafuta amitundu yonse ayenera kugwira ntchito bwino ngakhale pakakhala zovuta kwambiri. Njira yopangira mafuta ikukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti ikwaniritse miyezo yokhwima yaubwino, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa zinthu zapadera komanso nthawi yochepa yotumizira.
Njira zopangira mafuta osakaniza ndi mafuta odzola zimadalira kwambiri kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa mafuta odzola ndi kukhuthala kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa zinthuzo. Mafuta odzola okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, pomwe mafuta odzola okhala ndi kukhuthala kochepa amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu komanso mopanda katundu wambiri.zoyezera mafuta okhuthalazimathandiza opanga kukwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyanazi pamene akuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yawo ikuyenda bwino, kuchepetsa zinyalala, komanso kutsatira miyezo.
Kodi Chizindikiro cha Viscosity cha Lubricant Chimatsimikiziridwa Bwanji?
Kudziwa Viscosity Index kumaphatikizapo njira yokhazikika. Fomula yowerengera VI ndi iyi:
Kumene:
- U ndiye kukhuthala kwa mafuta opaka pa 40°C.
- L ndi kukhuthala kwa mafuta pa 40°C ndi VI = 0, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukhuthala kwa mafuta pa 100°C.
- H ndi kukhuthala kwa mafuta pa 40°C kwa mafuta ofunikira okhala ndi VI = 100, komwe kumafanana ndi kukhuthala kwa mafuta pa 100°C.
Pa mafuta okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu (kukhuthala kwa kinematic pa 100°C > 70 cSt), njira yosinthidwa ya logarithmic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kulondola. Njirayi imalola opanga kuyeza kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mafuta, kuonetsetsa kuti akukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni za ntchito posakaniza mafuta.
Njira Yopangira ndi Kusakaniza Mafuta a Lube
Kusakaniza mafuta odzola ndi njira yodziwika bwino yosankha zinthu zopangira, kusakaniza, ndi kuwongolera khalidwe. Mafuta oyambira—a mchere, opangidwa, kapena opangidwa pang'ono—amachokera ku kuyeretsa mafuta osakonzedwa kudzera mu vacuum distillation, solvent extraction, ndi hydrofinishing kuti akwaniritse zinthu zofunika monga viscosity, viscosity index, ndi pour point. Mafuta oyambira awa amaphatikizidwa ndi zowonjezera, monga viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, detergents, ndi antioxidants, kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito monga kutentha kokhazikika komanso kukana dzimbiri. Njira yopangira mafuta imaphatikizapo:
- Kusankha Mafuta Oyambira: Kusankha mafuta a mchere kapena opangira kutengera zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito.
- Kuphatikiza Zowonjezera: Kuphatikiza zowonjezera monga zosinthira kukhuthala kuti zigwirizane ndi mawonekedwe.
- Kusakaniza: Kusakaniza m'malo olamulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matanki akuluakulu okhala ndi zosakaniza kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwirizana.
- Kuwongolera Ubwino: Kuyesa kukhuthala, kuchulukana, malo owunikira, ndi zina kuti zikwaniritse miyezo.
- Kupaka ndi Kugawa: Kuyika mabotolo kapena migolo kuti ziperekedwe pamsika.
Njira yosamala iyi imatsimikizira kuti mafuta odzola amagwira ntchito bwino kuyambira pa injini zamagalimoto mpaka makina amafakitale, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta odzola ndi kukhuthala kwake kumakhala ngati zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri.
Mafuta Opaka Mafuta Opaka Mafuta Okhala ndi Kukhuthala Kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Kukhuthala Kochepa
Kusankha pakati pa mafuta opaka mafuta okhuthala kwambiri ndi mafuta opaka mafuta okhuthala pang'ono kumadalira pa ntchito ya pulogalamuyo. Mafuta okhuthala kwambiri ndi abwino kwambiri pa ntchito zolemera, monga mafuta a zida kapena mafuta opaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zomangira kapena mabearing amakampani achitsulo, komwe:
- Pangani filimu yoteteza yolimba kuti muchepetse kukangana ndi kuwonongeka mukanyamula katundu wambiri.
- Kuonjezera mphamvu yonyamula katundu, kuthandizira makina olemera.
- Imakola zinthu zodetsa monga dothi kapena zinyalala zachitsulo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pamwamba pa zinthu pasamawonongeke.
- Sungani bata pa kutentha kwakukulu, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yake ndi yodalirika.
Komabe, mafuta okhuthala kwambiri amatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuwononga zida. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mafuta okhuthala ochepa amagwirizana ndi ntchito zothamanga kwambiri komanso zotsika monga injini zamagalimoto kapena makina a hydraulic, zomwe zimapereka:
- Kuyenda bwino kwa madzi kuti magazi aziyenda bwino komanso kuti ayambe kuyenda bwino.
- Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamkati.
- Kutenthetsa bwino kutentha m'makina othamanga kwambiri.
Komabe, mafuta otsika kukhuthala angalephere kupereka chitetezo chokwanira akamalemera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti awonongeke.
Kulephera Kuchita Bwino Ntchito
Kuchotsa ndi Kuchotsa Zinthu Zoipa: Kumabweretsa kusagwira bwino ntchito.
Kukangana Kwambiri ndi Kutentha
Kukhuthala kwambiri kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwa madzi, kufulumizitsa okosijeni ndikupanga varnish kapena matope.
Zoopsa Zoyambitsidwa ndi Kukhuthala Kwambiri Kapena Kochepa Kwambiri
Kukhuthala kolakwika kwa mafuta odzola kungayambitse mavuto aakulu pa ntchito, zomwe zimafanana ndi mavuto omwe amawonedwa mu njira monga njira yopangira penicillin fermentation komwe kuwongolera kolondola ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mafuta odzola okhuthala kwambiri amabweretsa zoopsa monga:
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Kwambiri: Mphamvu zambiri zimafunika kuti munthu athane ndi kukana, zomwe zimawonjezera ndalama.
- Kusagwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Kuyamba Kozizira: Kuchepa kwa kupopa madzi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa zida pa kutentha kochepa.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mafuta odzola otsika kwambiri angayambitse:
- Kupanga Filimu Kosakwanira: Kusateteza bwino pamwamba kumawonjezera kuwonongeka ndi kulephera kwa zigawo zake.
- Kuchuluka kwa Kuipitsidwa: Mafuta owonda sagwira ntchito bwino pogwira zinyalala.
- Kukwera kwa kukangana ndi kutentha: Kumalimbikitsa okosijeni ndipo kumachepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mafuta.
Zoopsa izi zikugogomezera kufunika koyang'anira bwino njira yosakaniza mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwa viscosity nthawi yeniyeni kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Kufunika kwa Kuyeza kwa Kukhuthala mu Mzere wa Njira Yodziyimira Yokha
Kuphatikiza muyeso wa kukhuthala kwa nthawi yeniyeni posakaniza mu mizere yodziyimira payokha kumasintha njira yopangira mafuta, kupereka:
- Kusakaniza Molondola: Kumatsimikizira kufanana, kupewa magulu osafunikira komanso kusakanizanso kokwera mtengo.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Moyenera: Kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kupanga mafuta mopanda mphamvu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito manja.
- Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino: Amasungabe kutsatira miyezo monga ASTM D445, kuonetsetsa kuti msika ukuvomereza.
- Kukonza Njira: Kumachepetsa nthawi yosakaniza pamene mukupeza zinthu zofanana.
- Kukula: Kumathandizira kusintha kosasintha kuchokera pakupanga koyambirira kupita ku kupanga kwathunthu.
- Kuzindikira Vuto Loyamba: Kuzindikira kuipitsidwa kapena zolakwika zosakanikirana nthawi yomweyo, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Mwa kuyendetsa makina owongolera kukhuthala kwa thupi, opanga amapanga zinthu nthawi yomweyo, amawonjezera kusinthasintha, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pamsika wopikisana, monga kulondola komwe kumafunika pakuphika kosalekeza kwa penicillin.
Mavuto ndi Kuwunika Njira Zachikhalidwe
Kuyang'anira njira zachikhalidwe pakusakaniza mafuta kumadalira kwambiri pa zitsanzo zomwe sizili pa intaneti komanso mayeso opangidwa mu labu, monga Saybolt Universal Viscometer, yomwe imabweretsa mavuto akulu:
- Kuchedwa kwa Nthawi: Kuyesa zitsanzo ndi kusanthula labu kumabweretsa kuchedwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kusintha kwa nthawi yeniyeni.
- Kusalondola: Kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kudulidwa kwa deta panthawi yopereka zitsanzo kumawononga kudalirika kwa deta.
- Kuchuluka kwa Ogwira Ntchito: Kusankha zitsanzo pamanja kumawonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso zoopsa za zolakwa za anthu.
- Zoopsa Zokhudzana ndi Kuipitsidwa: Njira zosasinthasintha zoperekera zitsanzo zimatha kuyambitsa zolakwika kapena kuipitsidwa ndi mankhwala ena.
- Kuchuluka Kochepa: Njira zogwiritsira ntchito kunja kwa intaneti zimavutika kuti zigwirizane ndi kufunikira kwa kupanga kwakukulu.
Zoletsa izi zimapangitsa njira zachikhalidwe kukhala zosayenerera mafakitale amakono osakaniza mafuta, komwe liwiro, kulondola, ndi makina odzipangira okha ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale mpikisano.
Kufunika kwa Kuyeza Nthawi Yeniyeni Posakaniza
Kuyeza kukhuthala kwa mafuta nthawi yeniyeni kumasinthiratu njira yosakaniza mafuta mwa kupereka deta yolondola komanso yachangu yomwe imayendetsa bwino ntchito komanso mtundu. Mapindu akuluakulu ndi awa:
- Kuchotsa Kusakanizanso: Kuyang'anira kosalekeza kumaonetsetsa kuti zosakaniza zokhazikika zikupezeka, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zotayira ndi mphamvu.
- Kuchepetsa Kuchitapo Kanthu Pamanja: Kudzipangira wekha kumachepetsa kutenga nawo mbali kwa ogwira ntchito, kuchepetsa ndalama ndi zolakwika.
- Nthawi Yosakaniza Yabwino Kwambiri: Kusintha kwa nthawi yeniyeni kumaletsa kusakaniza mopitirira muyeso kapena mochepa, zomwe zimasunga nthawi ndi zinthu.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Zinthu: Kusanthula komwe kuli pamalopo kumachepetsa kufunika koyesa labu kwina, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zotumizira.
- Ubwino wa Zachilengedwe: Zimathandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.
- Kuzindikira Kwambiri: Kutsata kusintha kwa mkhalidwe wa mafuta, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira msanga kuipitsidwa kapena kuwonongeka.
Yankho la Zogulitsa za Lonnmeter: Chiyeso cha Mafuta Opaka Mafuta
Mamita oyezera mafuta okhuthala a Lonnmeter adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mafuta odzola, zomwe zimapereka njira zamakono zowunikira nthawi yeniyeni. Zinthu zazikulu ndi izi:
- Kukhuthala Kwambiri: Kumayesa 10–10,000,000 cP, komwe kumakwaniritsa zosakaniza zovuta.
- Kupirira Kutentha Kwambiri: Imagwira ntchito mpaka 350°C, yoyenera malo omwe amameta kwambiri.
- Kuwunika Kutentha Kogwirizana: Imagwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera kukhuthala kwa mafuta yolondola kwambiri kuti iwerengere kukhuthala koyenera kutentha.
- Makina Odziyendetsa Opanda Msoko: Amagwirizana ndi makina a PLC ndi DCS kuti aziwongolera okha.
- Kapangidwe Kolimba: Masensa ang'onoang'ono, osakonza zinthu popanda zinthu zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti ndi odalirika.
- Kusunga Deta ndi Chitetezo: Kusunga deta yokha ndi ma code a nthawi, kuletsa kusintha kosaloledwa ndikuthandizira kusanthula zomwe zikuchitika.
Mamita a Lonnmeter, ofanana ndi Rheonics' SRV ndi SRD, amapereka miyeso ya kukhuthala ndi kuchulukana kwa zinthu mkati, kuchotsa zolakwika za njira zachikhalidwe monga Saybolt viscometer. Kutha kwawo kugwira madzi osakhala a Newtonian kumatsimikizira kuti mafuta amasakanikirana bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito kuyambira kupanga mpaka kupanga komaliza.
Kudziwa bwino kulamulira kukhuthala kumapereka khalidwe lokhazikika, kuchepetsa ndalama, kuwonjezera kukula, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikutsatira miyezo monga ASTM D445. Lumikizanani ndi Lonnmeter lero kuti mufufuze njira zawo zamakono zoyezera kukhuthala ndikusintha njira yanu yopangira!
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-14-2025
