Kufunika Kofunika Kwambiri kwa Kuwunika Kupanikizika Kwapaintaneti Pa Nthawi Yeniyeni
Kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a ammonia anhydrous kumadzetsa mavuto ambiri mumakampani opanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo, makamaka panthawi yochotsa mpweya woipa. Kusunga madzi a ammonia kumadzetsa mavuto chifukwa cha poizoni wake, kuyaka, mphamvu yophulika, komanso chizolowezi chotulutsa madzi pansi pa mphamvu. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera zolimba kuti athetse mavuto omwe angabuke chifukwa cha ammonia. Ngakhale kulephera pang'ono pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwa madzi kungayambitse zoopsa monga kutuluka kwa mpweya wa ammonia, kuwotcha kwa mankhwala, kapena kuopseza anthu ambiri, zomwe zingawononge antchito ndi madera oyandikana nawo.
Chomera cha Chitsulo ndi Chitsulo
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Pofuna kuthana ndi zoopsazi, njira zoyezera kuthamanga kosalekeza kwa matanki osungira ammonia ndizofunikira.Zotumizira mpweya wopanikizika mkatikupereka deta yeniyeni yosasinthika pa momwe zinthu zilili mkati mwa thanki, zomwe zimathandiza mwachindunji chitetezo cha kusungidwa kwa ammonia. Ndi kuwerengera kolondola komanso koyenera kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi, ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale amatha kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo ngati kuwerengera kosazolowereka kukuwonetsa kutuluka kwa madzi, kuthamanga kwa madzi, kapena kulephera kwa makina.
Njira zamakono zowongolera mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wotuluka, monga kuchepetsa njira zochepetsera mpweya wotuluka, zimadalira ammonia ngati chochepetsera mpweya wotuluka m'madzi kuti zithandize kuchepetsa nitrogen oxides (NOx). Kusunga miyezo yogwirizana ndi mpweya wotuluka m'madzi kumafuna kuti pakhale mlingo wa ammonia wosasinthasintha komanso wowongoleredwa. Kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni kumathandiza ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wa matanki a ammonia. Kuthamanga kukagwera kunja kwa malire otetezeka, jakisoni wa ammonia ukhoza kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, kuteteza njira yonse ndi malo ozungulira kuti asatayike kapena kuchita zinthu mosalamulirika.
Popeza malamulo okhwima okhudza chitetezo cha thanki yosungiramo ammonia akugwiritsidwa ntchito, mafakitale amafunika kuzindikira matenda patali poyang'anira kusungidwa kwa ammonia komanso kuyang'anira momwe ammonia imakhudzira malo. Ma transmitter ophatikizidwa mkati mwake ndi maziko a machitidwe a ammonia osatulutsa madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu komanso kutsimikizira kuti malamulo akutsatira malamulo.
Kuvuta kwa kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya woipa pogwiritsa ntchito ammonia yamadzimadzi kumawonjezera kufunikira kwa njira zolimba zosungira ammonia. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira kuthamanga kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni kumathandizira zolinga ziwiri za njira zopewera kutayikira kwa ammonia yamadzimadzi komanso kuwunika kosalekeza komanso kotsatira malamulo okhudza kutulutsa ndi kutsata malamulo a ammonia. Kuthekera kumeneku kumatsimikizira chitetezo cha ntchito, kulinganiza malamulo nthawi zonse, komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba poletsa kutulutsa mpweya m'mafakitale.
Kumvetsetsa Njira Zamakampani
Madzi Opanda Madzi a Ammonia mu Flue Gas Denitration
Madzi a ammonia anhydrous amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa mpweya woipa m'zipatso zachitsulo ndi zitsulo. Amagwira ntchito ngati chochepetsera mpweya woipa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochepetsa mpweya woipa (SCR), njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa mpweya woipa wa nitrogen oxides (NOx). Panthawi ya SCR, ammonia imalowetsedwa mu mpweya woipa, komwe imayanjana ndi nitrogen oxides pamaso pa chothandizira. Mankhwalawa amasintha mankhwala owopsa a NOx kukhala nayitrogeni ndi nthunzi yamadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya woipawo ugwirizane ndi miyezo yokhwima yotulutsa mpweya woipa.
Kugwira ntchito bwino kumafuna madzi okhazikika komanso odalirika a ammonia. Makina osungiramo ammonia ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa njira za SCR zosasinthasintha. Kusakwanira kwa kayendedwe ka ammonia kapena kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kungayambitse kupitirira malire a NOx olamulira komanso kumabweretsa kuphwanya malamulo okwera mtengo. Kusunga ndi kutumiza ammonia nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti kuwongolera mpweya wotuluka m'madzi otuluka m'madzi otuluka m'madzi kukhale kothandiza komanso kutsatira miyezo ya chilengedwe ya dziko lonse komanso yachigawo.
Zoopsa inKusungirako Ammonia Yamadzimadzi
Matanki osungira ammonia amadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni chapamwamba kwambiri, chopangidwa kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kochepa. Matanki ambiri amakhala ndi zombo zoyimirira kapena zopingasa, zokhala ndi ma weld olimbikitsidwa komanso zotetezera kutentha kuti zichepetse kuwira ndikuchepetsa kutaya kwa nthunzi. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga matanki zimakwaniritsa kufunikira kwa machitidwe a ammonia osatuluka; kulumikizana kwa flange, ma gasket osindikizira, ndi ma valve othandizira kupsinjika mwadzidzidzi amapangidwa ndikusamalidwa kuti apewe kutulutsa mwangozi.
Chitetezo n'chofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha zoopsa zazikulu za poizoni wa ammonia. Nthunzi ya ammonia imayambitsa zoopsa kwambiri ku minofu ya kupuma ndi maso. Kupezeka kwakanthawi kochepa pamlingo woposa malire okhazikika kungayambitse vuto la kupuma kapena poizoni wakupha. Chifukwa ammonia imatha kuyakanso ndipo ingapangitse kusakanikirana kophulika ndi mpweya pamlingo winawake, malo osungiramo matanki ayenera kukhala okonzeka kuti achepetse kugwirira ntchito kwa ammonia ndi zoopsa zoyaka komanso zophulika—izi zikuphatikizapo njira zoyezera kuthamanga kosalekeza zosungira ammonia ndi ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wa matanki a ammonia.
Kupewa kutaya madzi ndi kutayikira kumadalira kwambiri kuletsa kutaya madzi, kumanga ndi makoma awiri, komanso kuyang'anira nthawi zonse momwe ammonia imakhudzira malo. Oyang'anira chitetezo cha mafakitale ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera kutaya madzi a ammonia monga kukumba m'mphepete mwa madzi, zipangizo zochepetsera kuyankhidwa mwachangu, komanso kuzindikira kutali momwe ammonia imasungidwira kuti azindikire ndikuthana ndi kusweka kwa madzi mwachangu.
Njira zosungira ndi kusamalira zimayendetsedwa mosamala. Malamulo oteteza thanki yosungiramo ammonia kuntchito amafuna kuzindikira nthunzi, mpweya wabwino, makina otseka mwadzidzidzi, komanso kuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi. Mabungwe amakakamiza kuyang'anira ndi kutsatira utsi wa ammonia kuti ateteze ogwira ntchito komanso malo ozungulira. Malire a mpweya wa ammonia amakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe olamulira kuti achepetse zoopsa zaumoyo ndi chitetezo pazochitika zonse zosungira, kusamutsa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Maziko Aukadaulo a Kuwunika Kupanikizika Kwam'kati mwa Nthawi Yeniyeni
Chifukwa Chake Kuyeza Kupanikizika Kwapakati Pamzere N'kofunika
Machitidwe oyesera kuthamanga kosalekeza posungira madzi a ammonia ndi ofunikira kuti ntchito ziyende bwino komanso motsatira malamulo. Matanki osungira madzi a ammonia ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala chifukwa cha poizoni wambiri komanso zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ammonia—kuphatikizapo kuyaka kwake, kuphulika kwake komanso zoopsa zazikulu paumoyo zikatulutsidwa. Ma transmitter othamanga omwe ali pamzere ndi maziko a chitetezo cha madzi a ammonia omwe amasungidwa nthawi yeniyeni, omwe amapereka chidziwitso chokhazikika cha momwe thankiyo ilili.
Kutha kuzindikira mwachangu kwa ma transmitter opanikizika omwe ali mkati mwa mzere kumathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuchitapo kanthu pa kukwera kapena kutsika kwamphamvu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuyankha mwachangu kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri poteteza zida zogwirira ntchito ndi zomangamanga ku kulephera kwa makina kapena kupsinjika, monga zochitika zopanikizika kwambiri kapena kupangika kwa vacuum. Kuphatikiza ndi kuwunika ndi kutsatira njira zoyendetsera mpweya wa ammonia, kuwerenga kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa mzere kumaonetsetsa kuti kutsata malamulo oyendetsera mpweya wa flue ndi miyezo yoyendetsera mpweya wa flue.
Ma transmitter amenewa amathandiziranso ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wa ma tangi a ammonia. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kukupitirira malire otetezeka kapena chiopsezo cha poizoni wa ammonia chikapezeka, makinawo amatha kutseka nthawi yomweyo kuti asapitirire. Ma transmitter opanikizika omwe ali mkati mwake amathandizira kuzindikira matenda akutali pakusunga ammonia. Akatswiri amatha kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili ndikugwirizanitsa njira zopewera kufalikira kwa ammonia mwachindunji, kukonza chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe amonia angakumane nazo pamalopo. Kuphatikiza kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi ammonia pothana ndi zoopsa zomwe zingayake komanso kuphulika, njira zopewera kutayikira kwa madzi, komanso kukwaniritsa malamulo otetezera chitetezo cha ammonia posungira ammonia.
Kuphatikiza Zida Zambiri Zolowera Pamzere kuti Zilamulire Njira Zonse
Kusamalira bwino kusungidwa kwa ammonia komanso ntchito yake mu njira zochepetsera nitrogen oxides (NOx) kumafuna kuphatikiza bwino zida zingapo zamkati. Chipangizo chilichonse—chotumizira kuthamanga kwa mpweya,mita yowunikira mkati, mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa anthu, mita yoyezera kukhuthala kwa mkati,chotumizira cha mulingo wamkati, ndi chotumizira kutentha chamkati—chimapereka deta yapadera komanso yowonjezera.
Chojambulira chamkati chimazindikira zoopsa monga kutuluka kwa madzi kapena kutsekeka, pomwe chojambulira chamkati chimatsata kuchuluka kolondola kwa ammonia yamadzimadzi yomwe ilipo, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kudzaza kwambiri komanso kusunga malo oyenera kuti tipewe kusalinganika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chojambulira chamkati chimatsimikizira kuyera ndi kusasinthasintha kwa ammonia, zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu yake yochepetsera mpweya woipa.
Choyezera kuchuluka kwa ammonia chomwe chili mkati mwa thanki chimapereka ndemanga yeniyeni pa kuchuluka kwa ammonia, kupereka chenjezo koyambirira ngati pakhala kuipitsidwa, kugawikana, kapena kusintha kwachilendo kwa gawo mkati mwa thanki. Choyezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi chimadziwitsanso ogwiritsa ntchito za momwe madziwo amagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kutsekeka kwa mzere kapena mavuto a pampu.
Zikayang'aniridwa pamodzi ndikuwunikidwa nthawi yeniyeni, zida izi zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusunga bata lofunikira pa kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha ammonia pa njira zochotsera mpweya woipa. Zimathandiza kupewa kupanikizika kwambiri, kusunga vacuum mkati mwa magawo otetezeka, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti machitidwe a ammonia satuluka konse. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumachepetsa mwayi woti ammonia itayike, kutuluka, kapena kutulutsa mpweya kosayembekezereka, kuthandizira kuwunika ndi zotsatira za kutsata malamulo a ammonia.
Mwachidule, mayankho opitilira nthawi yeniyeni ochokera ku netiweki ya zida zamkati ndiye maziko aukadaulo wachitetezo chamakono cha ammonia yamadzimadzi komanso kuwongolera kogwira mtima pakuchotsa mpweya wachitsulo ndi chitsulo m'mafakitale.
Mfundo Zofunika Zokhudza Malamulo, Chitetezo, ndi Kutsatira Malamulo
Madzi a Amoniya anhydrous ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu selective catalytic reduction (SCR) pochotsa mpweya wa flue mu kupanga chitsulo ndi chitsulo. Chitetezo cholimba cha ammonia chamadzimadzi ndi miyezo yowongolera mpweya wa flue imayang'anira ntchito zamafakitale izi.
Malamulo achitetezo a thanki yosungiramo ammonia pakadali pano amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolimba zomangira, njira zochepetsera kupanikizika, ndi njira zotetezeka pa matanki onse osungira ammonia amadzimadzi. Ma valve ochepetsera madzi ndi ofunikira kuti apewe kupanikizika kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akukhalabe mkati mwa malire otetezeka ogwirira ntchito. Malamulowa amalamulanso mapangidwe a matanki okhala ndi makoma awiri kapena otetezedwa ndi vacuum kuti aletse kutayikira. Ma system a ammonia osatayikira amafunika ndi akuluakulu ambiri kuti achepetse kukhudzidwa ndi poizoni wa ammonia m'madzi kwa anthu komanso chilengedwe.
Pakuwongolera mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wotuluka m'madzi, ammonia ngati chochepetsera mpweya wotuluka m'madzi imatsatira malamulo okhudza kuchepetsa mpweya wotuluka m'madzi (NOx). Miyezo yotulutsa mpweya imafotokoza kuchuluka kwa NOx komwe kungaloledwe mu mpweya wodzaza. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsimikizika zochepetsera mpweya wotuluka m'madzi (NOx), zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathandizidwa ndi miyezo yovomerezeka yotulutsa mpweya wotuluka m'madzi yomwe imafotokoza malire ndikupereka njira zowunikira mpweya wotuluka m'madzi ndikutsatira malamulo mosalekeza.
Malangizo a chitetezo cha mafakitale amayang'ana poizoni wa ammonia, zoopsa zoyaka moto, komanso zophulika. Malire okhwima okhudzana ndi kukhudzana ndi anthu amakhazikitsidwa, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 25 ppm (zigawo pa miliyoni) pakakhala kukhudzana ndi anthu kwakanthawi kochepa. Zipangizo zodzitetezera zofunika (PPE) zimaphatikizapo magolovesi, magalasi a maso, ndi chitetezo cha kupuma chosagwira mankhwala. Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito njira zodziwira mwachangu komanso momwe angayankhire ngati pali kutayikira kwa madzi. Kusamalira ammonia kumaphatikizaponso kuchepetsa magwero oyatsira moto ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukuyenda bwino m'malo osungira ndi kusamutsa.
Kuwunika momwe ammonia imakhudzidwira pamalopo kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuzindikire kutuluka kwa nthunzi mwachangu. Malo ogwirira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito masensa olumikizidwa ndi makina oyezera kuthamanga kosalekeza kuti asungidwe ammonia. Machitidwewa, nthawi zina mogwirizana ndi ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wa matanki a ammonia, amathandizira kulowererapo nthawi yeniyeni komanso kusintha njira, motero kumawonjezera chitetezo. Ma alamu otulutsa madzi ndi kuzindikira kutali mu kasamalidwe ka kusunga ammonia kumathandiza kuzindikira msanga zoopsa, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito komanso kuteteza antchito.
Njira zogwira mtima zopewera kutayikira kwa ammonia yamadzimadzi zimayang'ana kwambiri pa uinjiniya ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito. Ma valve olekanitsa ndi njira zina zosungiramo zinthu ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutayikira kwa madzi. Mapulani othana ndi ngozi zadzidzidzi ndi zoyeretsera nthawi zonse zimakonzekeretsa ogwira ntchito kuti azitha kusunga ndi kubwezeretsa madzi mwachangu.
Kutsatira kwambiri malamulo a chitetezo cha thanki yosungiramo ammonia komanso kuphatikiza ukadaulo wowunikira ndi kupewa utsi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira zochotsera mpweya woipa m'mafakitale achitsulo ndi chitsulo zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso mogwirizana.
Ma Transmitter a Lonnmeter Inline Pressure mu Ammonia Storage ndi Flue Gas Denitration
Ma transmitter a Lonnmeter omwe ali mu mzere wa pressure adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira ndi kusunga ammonia anhydrous liquid. Ma transmitter awa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga chitetezo cha ammonia yamadzimadzi, makamaka pakuyang'anira matanki osungira ammonia amadzimadzi omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa njira zochotsera mpweya wa flue. Kuyeza kuthamanga molondola komanso nthawi yeniyeni kumathandiza miyezo yogwirizana ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa flue, zomwe zimathandiza njira zochepetsera nitrogen oxides (NOx) mwa kulowetsa ammonia molondola ngati chochepetsera mpweya wa flue.
Kapangidwe ka chotumizirachi kamapereka kukana kwambiri kwa mankhwala, komwe kamapangidwa makamaka kuti kasawonongeke komanso kuwononga kwa madzi a ammonia. Kukana kwakukulu kwa mankhwala kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti makina asamawonongeke komanso kutayikira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti machitidwe a ammonia asatuluke. Mphamvu zodziwira zolakwika mwachangu ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga; masensawa ali ndi zida zoyambira ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha nthawi yomweyo pazochitika zosayembekezereka za kupanikizika. Izi zimachepetsa kugwirira ntchito kwa ammonia ndi zoopsa zomwe zingayake komanso kuphulika, kuthana ndi zoopsa zazikulu za poizoni wa madzi a ammonia ndikugwirizana ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri achitetezo cha thanki yosungiramo ammonia.
Chithandizo cha matenda akutali chaphatikizidwa, zomwe zimathandiza ogwira ntchito m'malo osungiramo zinthu kupeza njira zodziwira matenda ndi momwe zilili popanda kulowerera mwachindunji pamalopo. Njira yolumikizirana yakutali iyi imakulitsa njira zoyezera kuthamanga kosalekeza kuti ammonia isungidwe, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kufalikira mwa kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa ogwira ntchito yokonza kuti alowe m'malo oopsa. Kuphatikizana kosasunthika ndi machitidwe omwe alipo kale owongolera njira kumatsimikizira kuti deta ya kuthamanga imalowa mwachindunji m'mapulatifomu oyang'anira ndi ma logistic logic logic circuits. Kuphatikizana kumeneku kumalola mayankho nthawi yeniyeni kuti ayang'anire ndikutsatira malamulo a ammonia, kukonza kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wa ammonia ndikuthandizira njira zopewera kutayikira kwa ammonia.
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuwunika kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadalira malo abwino kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito sensa. Lonnmeter imalimbikitsa kuyika mapaipi mwachindunji pamalo ofunikira kwambiri kuti iwonetse kusinthasintha kwa malo. Kuyika m'malo olowera ndi kutuluka kwa thanki yosungiramo zinthu kumathandiza kupereka mayankho okwanira pa ntchito zodzaza ndi kugawa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kuyankha mwachangu ku kutuluka kwa madzi kapena kutsekeka. Kuyika ma transmitter opanikizika mkati mwa nozzles a ammonia kumatsimikizira mayankho a kuchuluka kwa ammonia, kofunikira kwambiri pakulamulira bwino kutulutsa mpweya wotuluka m'madzi komanso kupewa kuchuluka kwa ammonia komwe kungayambitse kuphwanya malamulo kapena kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Pophatikizana, mayankho awa amapereka nsanja yolimba yoyendetsera machitidwe a ammonia mosalekeza, modalirika, komanso motsatira malamulo, kuchepetsa zoopsa pomwe kuthandizira magwiridwe antchito bwino m'mafakitale ovuta.
Ubwino wa Kuwunika Kwambiri Kupanikizika kwa Inline kwa Zomera za Iron ndi Steel
Njira zamakono zowunikira kuthamanga kwa madzi m'matanki osungira ammonia amadzimadzi zimathandiza kutsata nthawi zonse momwe zinthu zilili m'ngalande panthawi yogwiritsa ntchitonjira zochotsera mpweya woipaNjira imeneyi imatsimikizira kuti thanki ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso imazindikira msanga zovuta za kuthamanga kwa madzi. Zotsatira zake, machitidwewa amawonjezera magwiridwe antchito mwa kulola kusintha nthawi yomweyo magawo a ntchito, kupewa kusokonezeka kwa chakudya cha ammonia, ndikuchepetsa kufunikira koyang'ana pamanja pafupipafupi.
Kuyeza kuthamanga kosalekeza kumachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito yosakonzekera. Zolakwika monga kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kapena kukwera kwa mpweya, zomwe zingayambitse kutayikira kwa ammonia yamadzimadzi kapena kutseka kwa ntchito, zimazindikirika nthawi yomweyo. Ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha umayankha pazochitika zoopsa, kuletsa kuyenda kwa ammonia kuti apewe kutuluka kwa madzi koopsa komanso kuthandizira machitidwe a ammonia osatulutsa madzi motsatira malamulo achitetezo amakampani. Kuwunika bwino kumachepetsa mwayi woti zida zisagwire ntchito, kupulumutsa ndalama zokonzera ndi kukonza mwadzidzidzi komanso kusunga nthawi yogwira ntchito ya fakitale.
Kusamalira bwino kuthamanga kwa magazi kumateteza chitetezo cha ammonia yamadzimadzi. Mwa kusunga matanki motsatira malire okhwima, zoopsa zokhudzana ndi poizoni wa ammonia, kuyaka, ndi kuphulika kwake zimachepa kwambiri. Deta yolumikizidwa ya kuthamanga kwa magazi—ikaphatikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wozindikira matenda akutali—imalola ogwira ntchito kuyankha ku ziwopsezo zomwe zikubwera ndikuzindikira mavuto popanda kupezekapo, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito pamalopo. Njirayi imachepetsa zochitika zadzidzidzi komanso imathandizira njira zothanirana ndi vuto, kukulitsa njira zopewera kutayikira kwa ammonia ndikuthandizira kutsatira malamulo.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mpweya woipa, kuwongolera bwino kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'matanki a ammonia kumatsimikizira kuti ammonia imaperekedwa modalirika ngati chothandizira kuchepetsa mpweya woipa. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokhazikika kumathandiza kuchepetsa nitrogen oxides (NOx) nthawi zonse, kuthandizira miyezo yogwirizana ndi mpweya woipa komanso kuwongolera bwino mpweya woipa. Kuyenda kosalekeza kwa deta kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ammonia nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimathandizira njira zochotsera mpweya woipa ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitirira muyeso. Zotsatira zake, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimachepa ndipo magwiridwe antchito achilengedwe amalimbikitsidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyang'anira mkati kumalimbitsa kuyang'anira ndi kutsatira utsi wa ammonia. Deta yodalirika ya dongosolo imapereka zikalata kwa olamulira, kusonyeza kutsatira malamulo achitetezo a thanki yosungira ammonia. Zimathandiza kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu poyankha kupitirira muyeso, kuonetsetsa kuti milingo yololedwa ya utsi sikuphwanyidwa ndikuthandizira njira yodziwira njira zochepetsera nayitrogeni oxides. Kuyang'anira bwino ndi machenjezo achangu kumathandizira kuyang'anira kukhudzana ndi ammonia pamalopo, kuteteza antchito ndi zomangamanga ku zoopsa za poizoni wa ammonia wamadzimadzi komanso wokhalitsa.
Mwachidule, kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'malo ogwirira ntchito kumasintha kayendetsedwe ka kusungirako kwa ammonia m'mafakitale achitsulo ndi zitsulo mwa kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa zofunikira pakukonza, kuteteza antchito ndi chilengedwe, ndikupititsa patsogolo kukwaniritsa zolinga zowongolera mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Kodi zoopsa zazikulu zokhudzana ndi madzi a ammonia omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mpweya woipa ndi ziti?
Madzi a ammonia omwe ali ndi madzi ndi oopsa kwambiri, ndipo kupuma mpweya kumatha kuwononga kwambiri kupuma mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake kwakukulu, zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuwonongeka mofulumira ndi chitsulo cha kaboni, konkire, kapena aluminiyamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo lizilephera kugwira ntchito. Pazifukwa zina, ammonia yomwe ili ndi madzi imatha kuyaka komanso kuphulika, makamaka m'malo otsekedwa okhala ndi mpweya. Kusamalira bwino kumafuna machitidwe a ammonia osatulutsa madzi, kapangidwe ka thanki kolimba, ndi mizere yotumizira yotsekedwa. Zida zopitilira komanso kuyang'anira pafupipafupi momwe ammonia imakhudzira malo ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kutulutsa nthunzi ya poizoni, kutayikira mwangozi, kapena kuphulika kwa thanki koopsa.
Kodi kuyeza kuthamanga kwa madzi mosalekeza kumathandiza bwanji kuti chitetezo cha kusungira madzi a ammonia chikhale cholimba?
Kuyeza kuthamanga kosalekeza ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale chitetezo cha kusunga ammonia yamadzimadzi. Kuwerenga kuthamanga kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni kumapereka machenjezo nthawi yomweyo ngati pali kupanikizika kwambiri, kutuluka kwa madzi, kapena vuto la ma valavu. Kuzindikira msanga kumathandizira kudzipatula mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wa feed cutoff wa matanki a ammonia. Kuyankha mwachangu kumeneku kumaletsa kutulutsidwa kwa ammonia mwangozi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito za thanki yosungiramo madzi zikugwirizana ndi malamulo achitetezo a kusunga ammonia yamadzimadzi. Kuwunika kosalekeza kumalepheretsanso kupsinjika kwa kapangidwe kake kapena kusweka mwa kusunga kupsinjika kokhazikika mkati mwa ziwiya zosungiramo.
Kodi ma transmitter othamanga omwe ali mu mzere ayenera kuyikidwa kuti m'makina osungira amoniya?
Ma transmitter othamanga mkati ayenera kuyikidwa pamalo ofunikira kwambiri m'makina osungira ammonia. Malo osungiramo zinthu akuphatikizapo malo olowera ndi otulutsira ammonia m'matanki osungiramo zinthu, malo akuluakulu operekera ammonia, ndi madera omwe ammonia imalowetsedwa mu mpweya wotuluka kuti ichotsedwe. Malo ofunikira amalola kuzindikira mwachangu kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kutsika chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi, kapena kutsekeka mkati mwa makinawo. Mogwirizana ndi masensa ena, kasinthidwe aka ndi kofunikira kuti makina a ammonia asatuluke konse panthawi yonse yogwiritsira ntchito ammonia.
Kodi zipangizo zina zoyezera mkati mwa mzere zimagwira ntchito yotani pamodzi ndi zotumizira mphamvu?
Kukhazikitsa chitetezo chokwanira cha ammonia kumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri osati zotumizira mphamvu zokha. Miyeso yowunikira mkati, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndi kukhuthala (monga ya Lonnmeter), pamodzi ndi zida zoyezera mulingo ndi kutentha, zimapereka chithunzithunzi cha nthawi yeniyeni cha netiweki yonse yotumizira ammonia. Zida izi zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kumwa mankhwala a ammonia moyenera ngati chochepetsera mpweya woipa, kuzindikira kusagwirizana kapena kuipitsidwa, ndikusunga kukhazikika kwa njira. Mwachitsanzo, miyeso yowunikira mkati imateteza ku kuchuluka kwa ammonia kosayenera, pomwe masensa otenthetsera amachenjeza kutentha komwe kungachitike kosazolowereka komwe kungasonyeze kutayikira kapena kuchitapo kanthu. Kudzera mu zida zotere, chitetezo chapamwamba, kuchepetsa bwino nitrogen oxides (NOx), komanso kutsatira malamulo okhazikika a thanki yosungiramo zinthu zitha kukwaniritsidwa.
Kodi kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni kumathandiza bwanji kusunga miyezo yogwirizana ndi kutulutsa mpweya woipa?
Kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni kumapereka njira yodziyimira yokha yofunikira pa miyezo yotsatizana yotulutsa mpweya wa flue. Mwa kutsatira kuthamanga, kuchuluka, kuyenda, ndi kuchuluka kwa thanki, ogwira ntchito amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa ammonia kuti apeze njira zochepetsera nitrogen oxides (NOx) zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino. Zimathandizanso ngati chitetezo kuti zisatuluke mwangozi panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuthandizira zolemba zomwe mabungwe olamulira amafunikira. Mayankho owunikira mokwanira amathandiza mafakitale achitsulo ndi zitsulo kukwaniritsa zolinga zotulutsa mpweya, makamaka pamene kutsatira malamulo otulutsa mpweya wa flue kumafufuzidwa motsatira malamulo okhwima okhudza kulamulira kutulutsa mpweya wa flue.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-14-2026
