Kuwunika kuthamanga kwa mpweya nthawi yeniyeni ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito zoyeretsera mafuta zikhale zotetezeka komanso zogwira mtima. Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa mpweya mkati mwa injini kumatsimikizira kutimizati yothira madzi, zonse ziwiri zozungulira komanso zotayira mpweya, zimagwira ntchito mkati mwa magawo opangidwa, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa kulekanitsa kwa zinthu ndi phindu lonse la njira.
Deta yolondola komanso yokhazikika ya kuthamanga kwa mpweya mkati mwa mafuta ndi yofunika kwambiri panthawi yothira mafuta. Kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya mkati mwa mlengalenga kumatha kukhudza malo otentha ndi kulinganiza kwa gawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kosakwanira kapena magawo a mafuta osatsimikizika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kutayika kwa khalidwe la chinthu kutayike, kuchepa kwa zokolola, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pamene ogwiritsa ntchito akuyesera kukonza zolakwika. Ma transmitter othamanga mkati mwa mpweya amayankha mwachangu kuposa machitidwe akale akutali, kupereka mayankho odalirika kuzinthu zowongolera ndikuchepetsa kuchedwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mizere ya impulse ndi kutentha. Kulondola kumeneku kumalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusunga ma ratio abwino a nthunzi ndi madzi ndikuletsa kusokonezeka pakugawa, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa mlengalenga ndi kuwongolera njira ya vacuum distillation column.
Ma Columns Oyeretsera Mafuta Osaphikidwa
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Zofunikira pa Kusungunuka kwa Petroli: Mizati Yosungunuka ya Atmospheric ndi Vacuum
Kusungunula mafuta kumayambitsa momwe fakitale yoyeretsera mafuta imagwirira ntchito, kugawa mafuta ovuta kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa malo otentha. Mzere woyeretsera mafuta mumlengalenga ndiye gawo loyamba pa njira yoyeretsera mafuta. Pano, mafuta osaphika amatenthedwa ndi kutenthedwa ndi nthunzi pa mphamvu yapafupi ndi mlengalenga. Pamene nthunzi ikukwera kudzera mu mzati, mathireyi kapena kulongedza mafuta kumakhudza kwambiri malo ozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo olemera azisungunuka pamlingo wotsika, pomwe ma hydrocarbon opepuka—monga naphtha (yomwe imayambitsa mafuta), palafini, ndi dizilo—amapitirira mmwamba mpaka pamalo omwe amasonkhanitsira. Kugwira ntchito kwa mzati kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa mafuta osaphika, ndi kukulitsa mzati waukulu mu 2024 kumawonjezera mphamvu ndikuwonjezera kutulutsa kwa mafuta ndi ma distillates ena ofunikira.
Akamaliza kusungunuka mumlengalenga, zotsalira zolemera, zosaphikidwa ndi nthunzi zimasamutsidwira ku chotsukira cha vacuum. Pogwira ntchito mopanda mphamvu yokwanira, chotsukira cha vacuum chimaletsa ming'alu ya kutentha mwa kuchepetsa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zina monga mafuta odzola, sera, ndi mafuta olemera a gasi zigawidwe. Oposa 80% a mafakitale amakono amagwiritsa ntchito chotsukira cha vacuum pakusintha zotsalira izi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika kwake pakugwira ntchito bwino.fakitale yoyeretsera mafutanjira zochitira zinthu.
Kupanikizika ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito ya mlengalenga yothira madzi ndi vacuum distillation column. Kusunga kupanikizika koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti nthunzi ndi madzi zimayenderana bwino (VLE), zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma hydrocarbon alekanitsidwe bwino chifukwa cha kusasinthasintha kwawo. Kupanikizika kolakwika kumatha kusintha malo owira ndikulepheretsa kugawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zoyipa kapena kulephera kupatula zinthu zomwe mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mizati kumawonjezera malo owira, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa magawo ofunikira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, vacuum imachepetsa malo owira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zigawo zolemera zigawikane popanda kusintha.
Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa mpweya molondola komanso nthawi yeniyeni ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonza njira yoyeretsera mafuta. Ma transmitter a kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'mafakitale, monga ma transmitter a kuthamanga kwa mpweya, amayikidwa pamalo oyenera kuti aziyang'anira kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kulimba kwa mizati. Zipangizozi, kuphatikizapo mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa mu buku lothandizira kukhazikitsa ma transmitter la Rosemount 3051 ndiChopatsira mpweya cha 2088Zinthuzi, zimapereka deta yodalirika pa intaneti yoyezera mpweya ndi madzi, kuonetsetsa kuti kukonza kolimba komanso kogwira mtima kwa mipiringidzo yoyeretsera mafuta m'malo oyeretsera mafuta. Zida zapamwamba zamkati mwa mipiringidzo—monga mathireyi abwino ndi kulongedza bwino—ndi machitidwe owongolera njira zophatikizika tsopano zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'mayunitsi otulutsa mpweya, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono woyezera kuti ukhale wabwino komanso wowonjezera phindu.
Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa muukadaulo wa vacuum distillation kukuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza zinthu zamkati, kuchepetsa kulamulira kwa kuthamanga, ndikuphatikiza kuwunika kwa digito. Kuwongolera kwa automation ndi physical modeling kumathandizira kuwongolera njira zosinthira, kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikukweza kusinthasintha kwa zokolola. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa vacuum distillation komwe kukukula, komwe tsopano ndi kofala pakutembenuza zotsalira, kukuwonetsa udindo wake wofunikira ngati gawo la njira zoyeretsera mafuta popanga magawo amtengo wapatali kuchokera ku chakudya chovuta komanso cholemera kwambiri.
Mwachidule, kuyanjana kwa mizati yothira mpweya ndi vacuum, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kasamalidwe ka kupanikizika kosiyanasiyana komanso zida zolimba zoyezera kuthamanga kwa mafakitale pa intaneti, ndi maziko a njira zothira mafuta. Mizati iyi pamodzi imathandizira kusinthasintha kwa fakitale yothira mafuta, kukulitsa chiyero cha zinthu, komanso kuyendetsa bwino ntchito poyankha kusintha kwa zinthu zopanda mafuta komanso njira zomwe zimafunidwa.
Mavuto pa Kuyeza Kupanikizika kwa Kutulutsa Mafuta
Njira zoyeretsera mafuta zimachitika m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Ntchito ya mlengalenga yoyeretsera mafuta imayika zida zoyezera kutentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 400°C, makamaka m'magawo otsika a mlengalenga. Pa kutentha kumeneku, zida zamagetsi ndi zotsekera m'ma transmitter amafuta kuti ayesere mpweya ndi madzi zimawonongeka ndi kusunthika kwa polima, zomwe zingasokoneze kulondola ndi moyo wawo.
Mlengalenga wowononga umawonjezeranso zovuta zina. Zakudya zomwe zimapezeka mu njira yoyeretsera mafuta zimakhala ndi mankhwala a sulfure ndi ma chloride. Zigawozi, pamodzi ndi nthunzi ya madzi pa kutentha kwakukulu, zimapanga ma asidi owononga omwe amatha kuukira njira zoyezera zachitsulo kapena elastomer. Mwachitsanzo, ma diaphragm a sensor ya pressure yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri amatha kuvutika ndi dzimbiri kapena kupangika kwa ming'alu, makamaka m'malo opangira vacuum distillation column. Kusankha zipangizo zoyenera monga ma alloy a nickel kapena ma diaphragm a ceramic kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri kuti transmitter ikhale yolimba.
Njira zoyeretsera mafuta zimayambitsanso kusintha kwa ma profiles a kuthamanga kwa mafuta komanso nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta, kusintha kwa mphamvu yotulutsa mafuta, kapena kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha reflux. Panthawi yothira mafuta, kusintha kwa mafuta mwachangu komanso kuyenda kwa mpweya kumatha kubweretsa phokoso m'zizindikiro zoyezera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuwongolera kokhazikika kukhale kovuta, kumafuna ma transmitter othamanga omwe ali ndi yankho lachangu, lamphamvu komanso luso losefera la digito kuti afotokoze kupsinjika kwenikweni kwa mafuta nthawi yomweyo.
Kudalira njira yogwiritsira ntchito pamanja kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha zolakwa za anthu, makamaka pamalo ofunikira kwambiri monga kupanikizika kwa nthunzi pamwamba pa galimoto ndi kupanikizika kwa zinthu pansi pa galimoto. Kusalemba mokhazikika kapena kuwerengedwa mochedwa kwa zinthu pamanja kumabweretsa kusatsimikizika, zomwe zimakhudza kuwongolera khalidwe nthawi yeniyeni. Ma transmitter okhazikika komanso okhazikika pa intaneti amachepetsa chiopsezochi popereka deta yokhazikika, yeniyeni nthawi zonse kutalika kwa mzere, kuthandizira kukonza kudula kwa zinthu komanso kukonza kukonza kwa mipiringidzo ya fakitale yoyeretsera.
Popeza kuwerengera kwa kupanikizika kofunikira kumakhudza mwachindunji malo odulidwa ndi zokolola za zinthu, kudalirika kwa chipangizo sikungathe kukambidwanso. Kulephera kwa ma transmitter osiyanasiyana a kupanikizika kwa ntchito yoyeretsera kungayambitse kusagwirizana kwa naphtha kapena mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikonzedwenso kapena kutayidwa. Kufunika kochepetsa cholakwika cholowererapo ndi kuyeza ndikokulirapo kwambiri pozungulira magawo okonza ndi kuchotsa pomwe ngakhale kupotoka pang'ono kwa kupanikizika kumasintha mgwirizano wamkati ndi nthunzi. Kusankha zida zolimba za zida zoyezera kupanikizika kwa mafakitale pa intaneti, ndikutsatira malangizo olondola okhazikitsa, ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zizikhala zofanana.
Mwachidule, mavuto apadera a njira yoyeretsera mafuta—kutentha, mankhwala, ndi mphamvu—amafuna ukadaulo wapadera woyezera kuthamanga kwa mafuta. Ma transmitter okha omwe ndi olimba kwambiri, oyankha mwachangu, komanso osadzimbidwa, omwe amaperekedwa kuti azigwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso pa intaneti popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa anthu, ndi omwe angatsimikizire magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yayitali komanso ocheperako m'malo oyeretsera mafuta awa.
Zotumiza Zopanikizika Zamkati: Mayankho Othandizira Kukonza Njira Zothira Madzi
Ma transmitter a Lonnmeter omwe ali mu mzere wa injini amapangidwa kuti aziyeza molondola, mwamphamvu, komanso mosalekeza, kuthandizira gawo lililonse la njira yoyeretsera mafuta. Ma transmitter awa adapangidwa kuti athe kupirira kupsinjika kosiyanasiyana komwe kumapezeka mu ntchito ya mlengalenga yoyeretsera mafuta ndi kupsinjika kochepa kwa njira yoyeretsera mafuta mu vacuum. Ukadaulo wawo wapamwamba wa masensa umatsimikizira ma transmitter odalirika amafuta kuti ayesere mpweya ndi madzi, kupereka kulondola kosalekeza ngakhale atakhala ndi kutentha kosinthasintha, kugwedezeka kwa thupi, ndi zinthu zina zodetsa mankhwala.
Mphamvu yowunikira mosalekeza ya ma transmitter a Lonnmeter imapereka chidziwitso mwachangu pakusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kwachizolowezi komanso kosazolowereka. Izi zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha mwachangu kayendedwe ka madzi, katundu wa condenser, kapena ntchito zobwezeretsanso mafuta mkati mwa njira yoyeretsera mafuta. Kuwerengera kolondola kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri panthawi yoyeretsera mafuta pomwe kusefukira kwa madzi m'mizere, kulira, kapena kuwonongeka kwa kulongedza mafuta kungayambitse kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito kapena ngozi zogwirira ntchito.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito awo komanso kudalirika kwawo. Ma transmitter a Lonnmeter amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosagwira mankhwala kuti atsimikizire kuti akugwirizana ndi ma hydrocarbon amphamvu komanso zinthu zotsukira zomwe zimakumana nazo pokonza mipiringidzo ya distillation ya fakitale. Kapangidwe kake kolimba kamalola kufalikira m'magawo onse a mipiringidzo ya distillation—kaya yoyikidwa pafupi ndi ma tray owononga, m'mizere yopita pamwamba, kapena pa vacuum side draws. Mipando yamagetsi yapamwamba mkati mwa ma transmitter imathandizira kuphatikiza deta nthawi yeniyeni, kuwongolera kuzindikira ndikuthandizira kuwongolera kolondola kwa njira. Njira yolumikizirana iyi nthawi yeniyeni imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuti azilamulira mwamphamvu muzogwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo yamlengalenga komanso ya vacuum.
Kusintha kosasinthasintha pakati pa masitepe oyeretsera kumadalira kwambiri ma profiles okhazikika a kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Zipangizo zolondola komanso zoyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya pa intaneti zingathandize ogwiritsa ntchito kuyembekezera kusintha kwa nthunzi ndi madzi, kupewa zochitika zomwe sizikudziwika bwino komanso kutsekedwa kosayembekezereka. Zipangizo za Lonnmeter zimathandizira izi mwa kusunga kutsata kwapamwamba kwa kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kudzera mu njira zotenthetsera, kupopera mpweya, kugawa, ndi kuzizira. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa magwiridwe antchito otulutsa mpweya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zidula bwino kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito ya distillation column.
Chitetezo cha ntchito chimawonjezeka kwambiri kudzera mu deta yodalirika ya kuthamanga kwa mpweya mkati mwa galimoto. Zoyambitsa ma alarm zoyenera komanso ntchito zodziyendetsa zokha zimadalira kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimachepetsa zoopsa monga kupanikizika kwambiri, kugwa kwa vacuum, komanso kutulutsa kwa hydrocarbon komwe kungatheke. Mwachidule, ma transmitter a Lonnmeter okhala ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya mkati mwa galimoto amapereka kapangidwe kolimba, luso lapamwamba, komanso kuphatikizana kofunikira kuti pakhale magwiridwe antchito abwino, otetezeka, komanso ogwira mtima a mizati yoyeretsera mafuta—kupereka zida zofunika kuti timvetsetse momwe fakitale yoyeretsera mafuta imagwirira ntchito kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto.
Rosemount 3051vsChopatsira cha 2088 Pressure
TheChopatsira chopatsira mpweya chosiyana cha Rosemount 3051ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri poyesa kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'mafakitale oyeretsera mafuta. Kapangidwe kake kamatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kuthandizira ntchito zofunika monga kuyang'anira kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'mathireyi kapena m'mabedi odzaza m'magawo onse awiri, pochita ntchito ya mlengalenga yoyeretsera mpweya komanso pochita ntchito ya vacuum distillation column. Kulondola kwakukulu—nthawi zambiri mkati mwa ±0.04% ya nthawi—kumatsimikizira kuti ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kwa kuthamanga komwe kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa madzi, kapena kuchulukana kwa mafuta kumadziwika, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito ya mizati ikhale yokhazikika komanso kuti ntchito ya mizati ibwere nthawi yeniyeni pakuyeretsera mafuta.
Ubwino waukulu wa chotumizira cha Rosemount 3051 ndi malo ake opapatiza komanso olimba, omwe amalola kuyika pamalo opapatiza pa mizati ya fakitale yoyeretsera zinthu pamene akusunga kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Ma protocol olumikizirana pa digito monga HART ndi Foundation Fieldbus amathandizira kuwerengera bwino, kuzindikira, komanso kuphatikiza bwino mu machitidwe olamulira ogawidwa. Izi zimathandiza kukonza bwino mizati ya chotenthetsera choyeretsera zinthu ndipo zimathandiza kusintha mwachangu magawo a sensor panthawi yoyeretsera mafuta. Kukhazikitsa kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo oyika chotumizira cha Rosemount 3051 kuti chigwirizane bwino komanso kulumikizana kwa mzere wa impulse, kuonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kulondola kwa deta.
Mofananamo, chotumizira mpweya cha Rosemount 2088 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mwachindunji kapena kuyeza kuthamanga kwa madzi omwe amalowa kapena kutuluka m'mizere yothira mafuta. Kapangidwe kake kolimba kamapirira mikhalidwe yovuta yomwe imachitika m'malo oyeretsera mafuta, kuphatikizapo kugwedezeka, mlengalenga wowononga, ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa zotumizira mpweya ndi madzi m'mafakitale. Zinthu zowunikira molondola, zomwe zimatha kusinthasintha malinga ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'mafakitale ambiri, zimawonetsetsa kuti chotumizira mpweya cha 2088 chili ndi zotulutsa zokhazikika komanso zobwerezabwereza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'magawo onse a mlengalenga ndi m'malo otayira mpweya.
Ma transmitter onse a 3051 ndi 2088 amalumikizana bwino ndi njira yodziyimira yokha, kuthandizira mayankho opitilira komanso kuzindikira zolakwika mwachangu. Zosankha zawo zolumikizirana zosiyanasiyana komanso zotulutsa zodziwika bwino zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera mapulojekiti okweza kapena ngati zolowa m'malo panthawi yotseka mafakitale. Ma transmitter osiyanasiyana awa ogwiritsira ntchito mafakitale amathandizira kuonetsetsa kuti njira yoyendetsera mafuta ikuyenda bwino, kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma yosakonzekera, komanso kuthandizira kutsatira miyezo yachitetezo. Kuphatikiza zida zoyezera kuthamanga kwa mafakitale zomwe zatsimikiziridwa pa intaneti kumawonjezera kudalirika kwa njira yoyendetsera mafuta pang'onopang'ono m'njira zofunika kwambiri zoyeretsera mafuta, kuyambira kutentha kwa chakudya mpaka kutulutsa kwa zinthu.
Kusankha mafakitale oyenerazipangizo zoyezera kuthamanga pa intanetindikofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yoyeretsera mafuta, makamaka komwe kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa mawerengedwe kumakhudza chitetezo cha ntchito ndi ubwino wa zinthu. Lonnmeter imayang'ana kwambiri pakupangitsa kusankha ma inline pressure transmitters kukhala kosavuta kwa ogwira ntchito yoyeretsera mafuta omwe amayang'anira njira yovuta yoyeretsera mafuta.
Kusankha ma transmitter kuti agwiritse ntchito mlengalenga poyeretsera ndi kulamulira mlengalenga poyeretsera ndi vacuum distillation column kumafuna chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chogwiritsira ntchito. Kapangidwe ka mlengalenga ka fakitale iliyonse yoyeretsera kumafuna zida zapadera, zomwe zimakhudza malo oyika, kugwirizana kwa zigawo, ndi nthawi yokonza. Lonnmeter imapereka chithandizo chodzipereka kudzera m'magulu odziwa bwino ntchito zauinjiniya omwe amathandiza kugawa zofunikira pa fakitale yoyeretsera—kuyambira magawo olekanitsa m'malo oimika mpweya ndi vacuum mpaka njira zopaira madzi kuti atuluke mpweya ndi madzi.
Njira zoyeretsera mafuta nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi madera angapo opanikizika, iliyonse ili ndi zosowa zapadera za transmitter. Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'anira molondola kusiyana pakati pa kuthamanga kwa column ndi kuthamanga kwa condenser ndikofunikira kwambiri m'magawo onse amlengalenga ndi a vacuum kuti asunge kulekanitsidwa koyenera. Ngakhale kuti mitundu yodziwika bwino ya transmitter monga 3051 series nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa pazinthu zomwe zimafotokozedwa, malo ambiri opangira mafuta amafunika kusinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa kwa mawonekedwe kupitirira mafotokozedwe oyambira a datasheet. Akatswiri a Lonnmeter amathandizira kuyang'ana tsatanetsatane uwu, kuonetsetsa kuti kusankha sikungokwaniritsa mawonekedwe okhazikika a transmitter komanso kumapangidwira zofunikira za mankhwala ndi makina pa gawo lililonse la distillation.
Kupempha mtengo kuchokera ku Lonnmeter kumalumikiza mwachindunji ogwira ntchito ku luso loyang'ana kwambiri pa ntchito imeneyi. Njirayi imatsimikizira kuti malangizo aliwonse a chipangizocho—kaya ndi ma transmitter olondola kwambiri osiyanitsa mphamvu zamagetsi a mizere yoyendetsera fakitale kapena zida zolimba zopezera malo osungiramo zinthu—amawonetsa zosowa zenizeni zogwirira ntchito. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zogwirizana ndi zinthu zakale komanso makina amakono a mzati m'magawo onse oyeretsera mafuta ndi kusungunula mafuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kudzera mu mtengo sikutha pakupereka chipangizocho. Thandizo lopitilira la Lonnmeter limapitilira kudzera mu kufotokozera, kukhazikitsa, ndi kukonza nthawi zonse mipiringidzo yoyeretsera mafuta, kuthana ndi nkhawa zomwe anthu ambiri amakhala nazo za momwe fakitale yoyeretsera mafuta imagwirira ntchito komanso kukonza chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito nthawi zonse. Malangizo opangidwa ndi zinthuzi, kuphatikiza ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi zinthu, amateteza kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali m'ma transmitter amafuta kuti ayesere mpweya ndi madzi—kupatsa mphamvu ogwira ntchito kuti aziyang'anira njira zovuta zoyeretsera mafuta molimba mtima.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Kodi ntchito yoyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi yotani pa njira yoyeretsera mafuta?
Kuyeza kuthamanga ndikofunikira kwambiri pa njira yoyeretsera mafuta. Kuwerenga kuthamanga molondola komanso nthawi yeniyeni kumasunga mikhalidwe yabwino yogwirira ntchito mkati mwa mizati ya mpweya ndi vacuum distillation. Kupanikizika kokhazikika kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a hydrocarbon. Ngati kuthamanga kumayenda kunja kwa mtengo womwe mukufuna, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwona zinthu kapena kusokonekera kwa njira zomwe sizikudziwika. Pa ntchito ya mizati ya mpweya, kuwongolera kuthamanga molondola kumaletsa kusefukira kapena kulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kwambiri. Pa ndondomeko ya vacuum distillation, kusunga kuthamanga kochepa kumapewa kusweka kwa kutentha, kuteteza phindu lofunika. Kuyeza kuthamanga kogwira mtima kumateteza chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito pakuyeretsera mafuta.
Kodi ma transmitter a Rosemount 3051 ndi 2088 amathandiza bwanji ntchito zoyeretsera mafuta?
Chopatsira mpweya chosiyana cha Rosemount 3051 chimapereka kuwunika kolondola kwambiri, kolunjika mkati mwa mzere kwa miyeso ya gasi ndi madzi. Chimathandizira kuzindikira mwachangu kusintha kwa kuthamanga komwe kumawonetsa kugwedezeka kapena kutuluka kwa mizati. Chopatsira mpweya cha Rosemount 2088 chimadziwika kuti ndi chodalirika komanso chosowa chokonza. Ma transmitter onsewa amaphatikizapo kutseka mwamphamvu ndi zamagetsi zoyenera malo ovuta opangira mafuta. Zinthu izi zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kutsatira ndondomeko yokonza mizati yoyeretsera mafuta pochepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Ndi kuyika mwachangu (monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu kalozera wokhazikitsa ma transmitter a Rosemount 3051) komanso kulimba kotsimikizika, amapereka deta yopitilira yofunika kwambiri kuti asunge njira zotetezera komanso zopindulitsa zoyeretsera mafuta.
Nchifukwa chiyani kusungunuka kwa vacuum ndikofunikira pa ntchito yoyeretsera mafuta?
Kuyenga ndi vacuum distillation ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukweza magawo olemera otsala pambuyo pa kuyenga ndi vacuum distillation. Mwa kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mipiringidzo, malo otentha a ma hydrocarbon olemera amachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pa kutentha kochepa. Izi zimachepetsa kusweka kwa kutentha, komwe kungayambitse kupanga coke ndi kuipitsidwa kwa zida. Njira yoyenga ndi vacuum distillation mipiringidzo motero imakulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu—kuphatikizapo magawo opepuka a mafuta—kukweza kusinthasintha kwa fakitale yoyenga. Gawoli ndilofunika kwambiri pakukweza zokolola ndi khalidwe mu ntchito yonse yoyenga mafuta, zomwe zimathandiza kubwezeretsa ma distillates ena omwe angatayike kapena kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mpweya.
Kodi ma transmitter a Lonnmeter pressure angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mizere yonse ya mpweya komanso ya vacuum distillation?
Ma transmitter a Lonnmeter omwe ali mu mzere wa pressure amapangidwa kuti azitha kusinthasintha poyika zinthu zonse mu refinery. Amagwira ntchito modalirika m'mizere yonse ya mlengalenga ndi vacuum distillation, amalola kupsinjika kwa njira zosiyanasiyana komanso malo ovuta a mankhwala. Kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosagwira dzimbiri komanso kuphatikiza zizindikiro za modular, kupereka deta yolondola komanso yolondola ya kuthamanga. Kaya kuyang'anira momwe ntchito ya mlengalenga yothira distillation kapena zofunikira zenizeni za njira ya vacuum distillation, ukadaulo wa Lonnmeter umatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa chizindikiro, kulondola, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi ndingapeze kuti zipangizo zodalirika zoyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi pa intaneti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafakitale oyeretsera?
Lonnmeter imapereka zida zotumizira mpweya m'mafakitale zoyezera mpweya ndi madzi, zomwe zapangidwira makamaka njira zoyezera mafuta. Kugula zida zoyezera mpweya m'mafakitale pa intaneti kuchokera ku Lonnmeter kumalola mwayi wopeza chithandizo chapadera cha uinjiniya komanso ukatswiri wazinthu. Malangizo atsatanetsatane amakhudza kukhazikitsa kwatsopano ndikusintha kwa mayunitsi omwe alipo. Kaya kufunikira kwa zida zotumizira mpweya zosiyanasiyana za mizati yoyezera mafuta kapena zida zokonzekera kukonza, kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi Lonnmeter kumateteza mayankho okonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi gawo lililonse la njira yoyeretsera mafuta.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-05-2026
