Inline K2CO3 Concentration Measurement in the Benfield Process

TheBenfield Processndi maziko a mafakitalekuyeretsa mpweya, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala kuti achotse carbon dioxide (CO2) ndi hydrogen sulfide (H2S) m'mitsinje ya mpweya, kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya umakhala woyera kwambiri kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ammonia, kupanga hydrogen, ndi kukonza mpweya wachilengedwe. Kulamulira bwino kuchuluka kwa njira yotsukirayi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe mavuto ogwirira ntchito monga kutulutsa thovu, kuchepetsa kuyamwa bwino, kapena dzimbiri la zida.Miyezo ya potaziyamu carbonate yozungulirandiowunikira kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu carbonate mkatikupereka njira yosinthira zinthu mwa kupereka kuwunika kosalekeza komanso nthawi yeniyeni kwa milingo ya K2CO3 ndi potaziyamu bicarbonate (KHCO3), zomwe zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kukonza bwinonjira yoyeretsera mpweyandipo tipeze ndalama zambiri zosungira.

Buku lotsogolera lonseli likufotokoza momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchitoNjira ya Benfield yochotsera mpweya wa asidi, ndi ubwino wawo ku mafakitale mongamafakitale opanga ammonia,mafakitale opanga haidrojeni,mafakitale opangira gasi wachilengedwe,zomera za petrochemical,mafakitale ochepetsa chitsulo mwachindunjindimafakitale opangira mpweya wa malashaMwa kuphatikiza zida zapamwamba izi, ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale amatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, kuonetsetsa kuti akutsatira malamulo okhwima, komanso kupereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso wogwirizana.

Chemistry ndi Makina a Njira ya Benfield

TheBenfield Process, yopangidwa ndi US Bureau of Mines ndipo yovomerezedwa ndi UOP (yomwe tsopano ili mbali ya Honeywell), ndi njira yosungunulira yomwe imasinthidwanso kutentha, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito yankho lotentha la K2CO3 kuchotsa CO2 ndi H2S m'mitsinje ya mpweya. Ndi njira yodalirika yakuyeretsa mpweyam'mafakitale omwe amafuna mpweya woyeretsedwa kwambiri, monga kupanga ammonia kuti apange feteleza, kupanga haidrojeni kuti ayeretsedwe, ndi kukonza gasi wachilengedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zomwe zili m'mapaipi. Njirayi imagwira ntchito m'magawo awiri akuluakulu: kuyamwa ndi kukonzanso.

Panthawi yoyamwa, mpweya umalowa pansi pa mzati woyamwa, womwe umapita ku yankho lotentha la K2CO3 (nthawi zambiri 20–30 wt%) pa kutentha pakati pa 100°C ndi 110°C komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu.

H2S imayamwanso, ndikupanga zinthu zina zoyankhira. Mpweya woyeretsedwa umatuluka pamwamba pa choyankhira, pomwe yankho lolemera, lodzaza ndi KHCO3, limasamutsidwira ku regenerator (stripper). Mu gawo lokonzanso, yankho limatenthedwa ndi nthunzi kapena kuchepetsedwa mphamvu, kubweza zomwe zimachitika kuti CO2 ndi H2S zitulutsidwe, motero kubwezeretsanso yankho la K2CO3 kuti ligwiritsidwenso ntchito. Njira yozungulira iyi imatsimikizira kuti ikugwira ntchito mosalekeza, koma kugwira ntchito kwake kumadalira kusunga kuchuluka kwa K2CO3 ndi KHCO3 koyenera kuti tipewe mavuto ogwirira ntchito.

Chifukwa Chake Kulamulira Kukhazikika Kwambiri N'kofunika Kwambiri

Kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa madzi a K2CO3 ndikofunikira pazifukwa zingapo. Kuchuluka kwa KHCO3 kungayambitse thovu mu absorber, zomwe zimasokoneza kukhudzana kwa gasi ndi madzi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa CO2, komanso kuwononga zida. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa madzi a K2CO3 kumachepetsa mphamvu ya madzi a asidi kuyamwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asayeretsedwe bwino komanso kuti asatsatire malangizo a mankhwalawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kosayenera kumatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yokonzanso, chifukwa madzi ochulukirapo amafunikira nthunzi yambiri kuti atulutse mpweya wogwidwa, ndipo amatha kukulitsa dzimbiri mu zida chifukwa cha mtundu wa alkaline wa madzi amchere.

M'mbuyomu, kuyang'anira kuyang'anira zinthu kumadalira pakupanga zitsanzo pamanja ndi kusanthula kwa labotale, njira yomwe imafuna ntchito yambiri, yomwe imachitika mochedwa, komanso yosatha kupereka chidziwitso cha nthawi yeniyeni. Zolepheretsa izi zingayambitse kusagwira bwino ntchito, kukwera kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuphwanya malamulo.Miyezo ya potaziyamu carbonate yozungulirakuthana ndi mavutowa mwa kupereka miyeso yolondola komanso yosalekeza, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha nthawi yomweyo kuti zinthu ziyende bwino komanso kuti ntchito iyende bwino.Benfield ProcessChotsukira.

Zogulitsa Zovomerezeka

mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri pa intaneti

Momwe Ma Inline Concentration Meters Amagwirira Ntchito

Miyezo ya potaziyamu carbonate yozungulirakapenazowunikirandi makina owunikira njira yotsogola omwe adapangidwa kuti ayesere K₂CO₃ndi KHCO₃kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji mkati mwa njira yogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kufunika kopereka zitsanzo pamanja. Zipangizozi zimapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta yaBenfield Process, kuphatikizapo kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 110°C) ndi kupsinjika, ndipo amapangidwa ndi zipangizo zosagwira dzimbiri kuti zipirire malo amchere a madzi otsukira.

Pali matekinoloje angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mita iyi, iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake wapadera:

Kuyeza kwa Akupanga: Mamita awa amayesa liwiro la mawu kudzera mumadzimadzi, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake. Njirayi sikhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya yankho, mtundu wake, kapena kuwonekera bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yodalirika kwambiri kwaNdondomeko ya Benfield ya CO₂kuchotsaNdi kulondola kwa muyeso wa 0.05% mpaka 0.1%, zoyezera kuchuluka kwa ultrasonic zimapereka deta yolondola kuti zisunge kuchuluka kwa alkali-to-bicarbonate komwe kuli koyenera.

Kuyeza kwa Mayendedwe: Mamita awa amayesa mphamvu yamagetsi ya yankho, yomwe imasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma K+ ndi ma HCO3-ion. Mamita amagetsi ndi otsika mtengo ndipo ndi oyenera kuyang'anira kusintha kwa ma ayoni koma angafunike kubweza kutentha kuti atsimikizire kulondola.

Kuyeza kwa Kachulukidwe: Poyesa kuchuluka kwa yankho, komwe kumasinthasintha ndi kuchuluka kwa K2CO3 ndi KHCO3, mamita awa amapereka chizindikiro chodalirika cha kuchuluka kwa madzi. Mamita ochulukira ndi olondola koma angafunike kuyesedwa kuti asinthe kutentha.

Kuyeza kwa CoriolisNgakhale kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyesa kuyenda kwa madzi, Coriolis mita imathanso kuyeza kuchulukana molondola kwambiri (monga ±0.001g/cc), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yopanda kugwedezeka kuti izindikire kuchuluka kwa madzi m'magawo awiri monga K2CO3 ndi KHCO3.

Ma mita amenewa nthawi zambiri amaikidwa muipi pakati pa choyatsira mpweya ndi chobwezeretsanso mpweya kapena mu mzere wobwezeretsanso mpweya, kuonetsetsa kuti akuyang'aniridwa bwino.njira yoyeretsera mpweyaMwa kupereka deta yeniyeni, zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira ndikuwongolera kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi nthawi yomweyo, kupewa mavuto monga kutulutsa thovu kapena kusakwanira kuyamwa.

Njira Zokhazikitsira ndi Kuphatikiza

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kwambiriowunikira kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu carbonate mkati, kukhazikitsa mwanzeru ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mamita ayenera kuyikidwa pamalo ofunikira, monga payipi yochokera ku absorber kupita ku regenerator ndi mzere wobwerezabwereza wa yankho lopanda mphamvu, kuti azindikire kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi munthawi yonseyi. Machitidwe owonjezera amatha kuyikidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchito ikugwira ntchito mosalekeza panthawi yokonza, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza ndi makina owongolera zomera kumalola kusintha kodziyimira pawokha, monga kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa K2CO3 kapena kulowetsa nthunzi, kutengera deta yeniyeni. Kuwongolera nthawi zonse ndi mayankho wamba ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kulondola, makamaka m'mikhalidwe yosinthika yaNjira yochotsera Benfield CO2.

Ukadaulo	Ubwino	Mapulogalamu mu Benfield Process
Akupanga	Kulondola kwambiri, sikukhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi	Kuyang'anira K2CO3/KHCO3 m'mapaipi onyamulira
Kuyendetsa bwino	Yotsika mtengo, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito	Kutsata kusintha kwa ayoni mu yankho lotsuka
Kuchulukana	Zodalirika pakuganizira mozama	Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa yankho mu regenerator
Coriolis	Yopanda kutsetsereka, yolondola kwambiri	Kuwunika kwathunthu m'makina oyenda bwino

Tebulo ili likuwonetsa ukadaulo wofunikira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito muzoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuwonetsa kuyenerera kwawo paBenfield Process.

Ubwino wa Inline Concentration Meters

Kupititsa patsogolo Kugwira Ntchito Bwino

Kuvomerezedwa kwamita yozungulira ya potaziyamu carbonateZimathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala. Mwa kupereka deta yokhazikika komanso yeniyeni, mita iyi imathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira ndikukonza kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu nthawi yomweyo, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka kwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kupewa thovu lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa KHCO3 kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu regenerator, chifukwa nthunzi yochepa imafunika kuti itulutse mpweya wogwidwa. Kukonza bwino kuchuluka kwa K2CO3 kumachepetsanso zinyalala za zinthu zopangira, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

In mafakitale opanga ammonia, kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumatsimikizira kuti mpweya umapangidwa bwino nthawi zonse, kuchepetsa ndalama zamagetsi zokhudzana ndi kukonzanso.mafakitale opangira gasi wachilengedwe, kusunga milingo yabwino kwambiri ya K2CO3 kumaonetsetsa kuti zikutsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa pa mapaipi, kupewa zilango zokwera mtengo. Ziwerengero zamakampani zikusonyeza kuti mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mita yolowera mkati amatha kusunga mphamvu mpaka 15% ndikuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito poyendetsa njira zowunikira zokha, ndikuchotsa kufunikira koyesa zitsanzo pamanja.

Kuonetsetsa Kuti Zinthu Zikuyenda Bwino Ndi Kutsatira Malamulo

TheBenfield Processndikofunikira kwambiri popanga mpweya womwe umakwaniritsa miyezo yolimba ya kuyera, monga kuchuluka kwa CO2 ndi H2S kotsika popanga ammonia kapena mapaipi a gasi wachilengedwe.Miyezo yowunikira mkatiOnetsetsani kuti madzi otsukira akusunga kapangidwe koyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino kwambiri ukhale woyera. Mwachitsanzo, mumafakitale opanga haidrojeni, kulamulira kolondola kumathandizira kuyera kwa haidrojeni pa njira zoyeretsera, pomwezomera za petrochemical, zimathandiza kupanga mankhwala oyera kwambiri monga ethylene oxide.

Popeza malamulo okhudza chilengedwe akuchulukirachulukira, kutsatira malamulo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ma inline meter amathandiza mafakitale kusonyeza kutsatira miyezo yokhudzana ndi utsi mwa kusunga bwino CO2 yochotsedwa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chindapusa kapena kusokonekera kwa ntchito. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamafakitale opangira mpweya wa malasha, komwe kuyera kwa syngas ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambira, komanso mumafakitale ochepetsa chitsulo mwachindunji, komwe ubwino wa mpweya umakhudza bwino momwe ntchito ikuyendera.

Kusunga Ndalama ndi Mtengo Wautali

Ubwino wazachuma waowunikira kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu carbonate mkatindi ofunika kwambiri. Mwa kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu, zipangizozi zimachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kusanthula ndi manja, zomwe zingasunge ndalama zokwana ola limodzi patsiku m'ntchito zazikulu. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kutayika mwa kupewa K2CO3 yochuluka kapena yochepa, komanso kukonza bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yokonzanso, mafakitale amatha kusunga ndalama zambiri, makamaka m'mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri mongakukonza gasi wachilengedwendikupanga ammonia.

Mtengo wa nthawi yayitali umawonjezekanso chifukwa cha kulimba kwa mita iyi, yomwe idapangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri kuti ipirire chilengedwe cha alkaline chanjira yoyeretsera mpweyaZosowa zawo zosasamalira bwino komanso kuthekera kwawo kogwirizana ndi njira zowongolera zomwe zilipo kale zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndalama zotsika mtengo ku mafakitale opanga mankhwala omwe akufuna kukonza bwino ntchito zawo.Njira ya Benfield yochotsera mpweya wa asidi.

Kusankha Mita Yoyenera Yowunikira Yozungulira

Zofunikira Zosankha Makiyi

Kusankha choyeneramita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu carbonateimafuna kuganizira mosamala zinthu zingapo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana ndi zosowa za mafakitale opanga mankhwala:

Kulondola ndi Kudalirika: Chiyesocho chiyenera kupereka miyeso yolondola (monga, kulondola kwa 0.05%–0.1%) pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika kwaBenfield Processkuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino nthawi zonse.
Kukana Kutentha ndi Kupanikizika: Iyenera kupirira kutentha mpaka 110°C komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu, yokhala ndi kapangidwe kolimba kuti igwire bwino madzi amchere.
Kugwirizana kwa Zinthu: Masensa ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri, monga alloys apadera, kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zimakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta kwambiri a mankhwala.
Kukhazikitsa ndi Kusamalira Mosavuta: Dongosololi liyenera kugwirizana bwino ndi mapaipi omwe alipo kale ndipo liyenera kusamalidwa pang'ono kuti lichepetse nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza Deta: Kugwirizana ndi makina owongolera mafakitale ndikofunikira kwambiri pakulemba deta nthawi yeniyeni komanso kusintha kodziyimira pawokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwongolera njira kukhale koyenera.

Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mita yosankhidwayo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni zamafakitale opanga ammonia, mafakitale opanga haidrojeni, mafakitale opangira gasi wachilengedwe, zomera za petrochemical, mafakitale ochepetsa chitsulo mwachindunjindimafakitale opangira mpweya wa malasha.

Ukadaulo ndi Zoganizira Zomwe Zilipo

Mitundu ingapo yazoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzindi oyeneraBenfield Process, chilichonse chili ndi ubwino wake wapadera.Lpameter uMamita a ltrasonic amapereka kulondola kwakukulu ndipo sakhudzidwa ndi makhalidwe a yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pa zosakaniza zovuta. Mamita oyendetsera mpweya ndi otsika mtengo koma angafunike kulipira kutentha. Mamita ochulukirachulukira amapereka deta yodalirika koma amafunika kuyesedwa kuti aone kusintha kwa kutentha. Mamita a Coriolis, ngakhale kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, amapereka miyeso yopanda kugwedezeka ndipo ndi oyenera machitidwe oyenda kwambiri.

Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ayenera kuwunika ukadaulo uwu kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, monga kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumayembekezeredwa (monga 20–30 wt% K2CO3), kutentha, ndi malire a bajeti. Pa ntchito zoyera kwambiri, monga muzomera za petrochemical, ma ultrasound kapena ma Coriolis mita angagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa cha kulondola kwawo.

FAQs

Kodi Miyeso Yoyang'anira Inline Imathandizira Bwanji Njira ya Benfield?

Miyezo ya potaziyamu carbonate yozunguliraperekani kuwunika kwa K nthawi yeniyeni₂CO₃ndi KHCO₃milingo, kuonetsetsa kuti yankho lotsuka limasunga kapangidwe kake kabwino kwambiri kuti kagwire bwino ntchitokuyeretsa mpweyaMwa kupewa mavuto monga thovu kapena kusayamwa bwino, zimathandiza kuti ntchito yaBenfield Process Scrubber, kupereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri wogwiritsidwa ntchito mukupanga ammoniandikukonza gasi wachilengedwe.

Kodi Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Inline Concentration Meters Ndi Wotani?

Izizoyezera kuchuluka kwa madziAmachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito mwa kuyang'anira zokha, kuchepetsa zofunikira pa ntchito, ndikuletsa zinyalala kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika. Amaperekanso njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu panthawi yokonzanso, zomwe zimapulumutsa mpaka 15% m'mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri mongakupanga haidrojenindimpweya wa malasha.

Kodi Ma Inline Concentration Meters Angapirire Mikhalidwe ya Benfield Process?

Zamakonoowunikira kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu carbonate mkatiapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito modalirika kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 110°C) ndi kupsinjika kwaBenfield ProcessZopangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri, zimaonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri.njira yoyeretsera mpweya.

Mapeto

Miyezo ya potaziyamu carbonate yozungulirandizowunikirandizofunikira kwambiri pakukonza bwinoBenfield Process, zomwe zimathandiza zomera zopangira mankhwala kuti zizitha kulamulira bwino K₂CO₃ndi KHCO₃Mwa kupereka deta yeniyeni, zida izi zimathandizira kuti ntchito yakuyeretsa mpweya, kupewa mavuto okhudza ntchito monga kutulutsa thovu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikutsatira miyezo yokhwima ya chilengedwe komanso khalidwe.

Za mafakitale mongamafakitale opanga ammonia,mafakitale opanga haidrojeni,mafakitale opangira gasi wachilengedwe,zomera za petrochemical,mafakitale ochepetsa chitsulo mwachindunjindimafakitale opangira mpweya wa malasha, kugwiritsa ntchito izi zapamwambazoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzindi ndalama zomwe zimasunga ndalama zambiri komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Lumikizanani nafelonnmeterlero kuti mufufuze zinthu zopangidwa mwalusomita yozungulira ya potaziyamu carbonatendi kutsegula kuthekera konse kwanjira yoyeretsera mpweya.