Kuyandama kwa Iron Ore: Mfundo, Cholinga, ndi Ubwino Wanzeru
Kuyandama kwa chitsulo ndi njira yopangira mchere yomwe imawonjezera kuchira ndi ubwino wa zitsulo zosungunuka. Imagwira ntchito posiyanitsa mosamala mchere wofunika wokhala ndi chitsulo, monga hematite ndi magnetite, ndi mchere wosafunikira wa gangue monga silika, alumina, ndi sulfure. Njirayi imadalira kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka pamwamba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mcherewo umasulidwe komanso kuti mcherewo usungunuke bwino kuti ukhale woyera komanso wokwera bwino.
Kusankha Kusiyanitsa Michere Yamtengo Wapatali
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kulekanitsa kwa flotation kumayendetsedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa osonkhanitsa ndi thovu zomwe zimasintha pamwamba pa mchere. Mwachitsanzo, osonkhanitsa cationic monga ethamines amalimbana ndi silica, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ifalikire kuchokera ku iron oxides. Osonkhanitsa a anionic monga mafuta acids amagwira ntchito bwino pamwamba pa iron oxide, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ayambenso kuchira. Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwapa kumaphatikizapo machitidwe osonkhanitsa osakaniza — ethamine, amidoamine, ndi MIBC — zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hematite/goethite isankhe bwino komanso kusintha kulondola kwa flotation separation.
Kuwongolera magawo a njira, kuphatikizapo kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa slurry circuit flotation ndi kusintha kolondola kwa reagent dosing, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mamita olemera kwambiri a slurry slurry monga Lonnmeter amathandizira kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa magawo a njira powonjezera kulekanitsa kwabwino kwa mineral-gangue, kupewa kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa slurry.
Kuyandama kwa Maolivi a Iron
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Kuchotsa Zodetsa ndi Kukulitsa Maginito a Mamineral
Kuchotsa zinyalala panthawi yoyandama kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa chitsulo. Silika, alumina, ndi sulfure zimakanidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chikhale chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe chimachepetsa mphamvu zomwe zimafunika pakusungunula chitsulo. Kukonza bwino kwa mlingo wosonkhanitsa ndi kupukuta, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi masensa apamwamba, kumatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino reagent ndikuchepetsa zinyalala za reagent.
Kulekanitsa bwino mchere ndi gangue kumachepetsanso kuwerengera kwa chitsulo chokhuthala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chokhuthala kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zodetsedwa kumathandiza kuti chilengedwe chitsatire malamulo a chilengedwe mwa kuchepetsa kupanga zinthu zoopsa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Ores Otsika ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera Zinthu
Miyala yachitsulo yotsika, yomwe imadziwika ndi kusayenda bwino kwa mchere komanso kugwirizana kovuta, nthawi zambiri imafuna kuyandama kuti ipindule pazachuma. Kuyandama kumathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe achitsulo cholumikizidwa (BIFs) ndi miyala yosalala mwa kuyika ma oxide achitsulo mosankha. Kulumikiza kuyandama ndi njira zoyambira kukulitsa kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu, kuchepetsa mitsinje ya zinyalala, komanso kuthandizira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa matope kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira.
Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo kukweza komwe kuyandama pambuyo pa kulekanitsidwa kwa mphamvu yokoka kumachotsa bwino gangue, kuyeretsa mphamvu yachitsulo kuti ipange zinthu zachitsulo ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa miyala yachitsulo yomwe sinapezeke.
Zotsatira Zachuma za Kuyandama
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo kumachepetsa kufunikira kwa mphamvu ndi ndalama zopangira pakukonza kwina. Kuwongolera ndalama zopangira kwa Flotation kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosefera komanso kupewa kutsekeka kwa zosefera. Kulekanitsa bwino kumachepetsa kufunika koteteza kutsekeka kwa mapaipi ndi kutsekeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina azikhala nthawi yayitali komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera.
Kuwunika kwapamwamba kwambiri pamzere, monga kukhazikika kwa kalasi yachitsulo komanso muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa tailings kudzeramita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa slurry, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zosungiramo zinthu zakale, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakutsata malamulo.
Kuchepetsa Mapazi a Zachilengedwe
Kuyandama kwa nthaka kumathandiza kusamalira zachilengedwe mwa kuthandizira kuyang'anira mipata ya nthaka ndikuchepetsa miyala yachitsulo yomwe sinapezekenso. Kuwonjezeka kwa mipata ya nthaka kudzera mu kuyandama kwa nthaka moyenera kumathandiza kukonzanso nthaka, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutaya zinthu zoopsa. Kuphatikiza ukadaulo wothandiza zachilengedwe kumathandiza kuchepetsa zinyalala zomwe zimayambitsa matenda komanso kulimbikitsa kukhazikika kwa nthaka.
Kukhazikika kwa magawo a njira ndi kuwongolera molondola ma reagent kumatanthauzanso kuchepa kwa kutulutsa mankhwala ndi mpweya woipa, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ntchito ndi miyezo yatsopano yolamulira. Pamodzi, njira izi zimalimbikitsa udindo wa flotation pakupititsa patsogolo ntchito zaukadaulo komanso zachilengedwe pakukonza zitsulo zachitsulo.
Zipangizo ndi Maukadaulo Ofunika Pakuyandama kwa Iron Ore
Maselo Oyandama mu Kukonza Mineral
Ma circuits oyandama achitsulo amadalira mitundu itatu yayikulu ya maselo: maselo amakina, a mzati, ndi a pneumatic. Maselo oyandama amakina ali ndi ma agitator ndi impellers kuti atsimikizire kusakanikirana kogwira ntchito, komwe nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira bwino chakudya cholimba komanso chosalala. Maselo oyandama a mzati, omwe ndi ataliatali komanso owonda, amapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino olekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mwa kupanga malo osalala a thovu komanso malo okhazikika a thovu. Maselo oyandama a pneumatic amagwiritsa ntchito ma jet a mpweya m'malo mwa kugwedezeka kwa makina, kukulitsa kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Ma hydrodynamics a maselo—monga nthawi yokhala, kuyenda kwa mpweya, ndi kukula kwa thovu—amakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a kuyandama kwa madzi. Nthawi yayitali yokhalamo imathandiza kuti tinthu ta mchere ndi thovu zigwirizane mokwanira, pomwe kukonza kuyenda kwa mpweya ndi kukula kwa thovu kumakulitsa kusankha pakati pa mchere wamtengo wapatali ndi thovu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kungathandize kuchepetsa kugundana kwa thovu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, koma kugwedezeka kwambiri kungachepetse kulondola kwa kulekana.
Mapangidwe a maselo oyandama ndi ofunika kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa dera komanso kukhazikika kwa njira. Maselo okhala ndi mpweya wosinthika, mapangidwe atsopano a impeller, ndi machitidwe owongolera ophatikizidwa amalola kugwira ntchito kokhazikika ngakhale kusiyanasiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa slurry feed ndi kapangidwe ka ore. Mndandanda wa maselo oyandama ukuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kuwongolera kwa PLC yokha, kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni, ndi kusintha kwanzeru kwa reagent dosing, kuchepetsa zinyalala za reagent ndikuthandizira kalasi yokhazikika yokhazikika. Machitidwe amakono amagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa chithunzi cha thovu lamoyo ndi kuphunzira kwa makina kuti asinthe mwachangu magawo ogwirira ntchito, kuchepetsa kupotoka ndikukweza mtundu wa malonda. Kuyang'anira kophatikizana kumayambitsa kusintha kolondola kwa mlingo wosonkhanitsa ndi thovu, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutayika kwa reagent ndi mtengo wopanga. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumalola ntchito kusunga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba olekanitsa flotation ndikuchepetsa miyala yachitsulo yosapezekanso.
Kuyeza ndi Kulamulira Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Oundana
Kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa matope ndikofunikira kuti dera loyandama likhazikike.mita ya slurry density meter yachitsulo(monga ma ultrasound mita) amapereka mawerengedwe olondola, osagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation density, ofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera nthawi yake. Zinthu zake zimaphatikizapo chitetezo ku kukula kwa mapaipi, kuyankha mwachangu, komanso kugwirizana ndi makina owongolera okha. Mwachizolowezi, kuyeza kosalekeza kumathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuyankha nthawi yomweyo kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi, kukhazikitsa kulondola kwa kulekanitsa kwa flotation ndikuletsa zolakwika zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi matope monga kudzaza mphero kapena kutsekeka kwa mapaipi.
Chida choyezera kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chimayikidwa pamalo okhuthala kuti chitsimikizire kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chomwe chikufunidwa. Izi zimathandizira kuti chitsulo chikhale cholimba komanso chimasunga kukhazikika kwa chitsulo polola kudyetsa bwino kwambiri ku mayunitsi osefera ndi pelletizing. Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chokhazikika kumathandizira kuti kusefera kupitirire pamene kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa fyuluta. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi chakudya chokhuthala kutengera kuwerengera kwa nthawi yeniyeni kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka kwa kusefera, kumathandizira kubwezeretsa kalasi yokhazikika, komanso kumathandizira kuwongolera ndalama zopangira.
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m'matanthwe achitsulo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zofunikira zosungira matope ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino matope. Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa matope nthawi zonse kumathandizira kupanga ndi kusankha ntchito za damu, kupewa zoopsa zachitetezo ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsa zinthu zomwe zingachitike pambuyo pake. Kuchuluka kwa matope m'matanthwe okhazikika kumathandizira kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa magawo a njira yotsikira pansi ndipo kumathandiza kuzindikira chitsulo chomwe sichinapezeke m'mitsinje ya matope.
Machitidwe owongolera kuchulukana kwa slurry nthawi yeniyeni amaphatikiza kuwerenga kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a circuit—kudya, kukhutitsa, kukhuthala, ndi kutsalira—kuonetsetsa kuti mapaipi asawonongeke komanso kutsekeka kwa fyuluta panthawi yonse yoyendera bwino. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa kuchulukana mwachangu kumaletsa kusonkhana kolimba m'mapaipi, kuchepetsa kukonza ndikuwonjezera moyo wa zida. Zosintha za njira zokhazikika zimathandizira kuwerengera kolondola kwa reagent, kusonkhanitsa bwino ndi kupopera, komanso kukonza bwino kugawa kwa flotation. Ma loops odziyimira pawokha a density feedback, ophatikizidwa ndi Lonnmetermita ya slurry kachulukidwendi zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi zomwe zimagwirizana, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi m'magawo a flotation, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kuchulukitsa kodalirika kuyambira ku labotale mpaka kumafakitale.
Magawo a Njira Kukonza Kulekanitsa kwa Iron Ore Flotation
Kukonza Mlingo wa Wosonkhanitsa ndi Frother
Kusonkhanitsa bwino ndi kugawa thovu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga chitsulo kuti zitsimikizire kuti mchere ndi gangue zimalekanitsidwa bwino. Zosonkhanitsa monga mafuta acids kapena ma hydroxamate zimamangirira ku mchere wachitsulo, pomwe thovu—monga MIBC—zimalimbitsa thovu ndikuwongolera kukula kwa thovu. Zosakaniza zonsezi zimafuna kusankha kolondola komanso kugawa molondola kuti mchere ubwerere bwino ndikuchepetsa zinyalala za reagent.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa pogwiritsa ntchito Response Surface Methodology (RSM) adapeza mlingo wosonkhanitsa wa pafupifupi 80 ml/kg ndi mlingo wotulutsa thovu pafupifupi 50 ml/kg ngati wabwino kwambiri pansi pa mikhalidwe yeniyeni yoyandama ya chitsulo chosungunuka. Mlingo uwu, wosinthidwa kuti ugwirizane ndi mtundu wa thovu ndi zolinga za ndondomeko, unapereka mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yolekanitsa kuyandama komanso ubwino wabwino kwambiri. Chodziwika bwino n'chakuti, zosakaniza zosazolowereka za reagent, makamaka zosakaniza za osonkhanitsa ndi MIBC ngati thovu, zinapambana njira za single-reagent—zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusankha bwino komanso kuchira kwabwino. Kusintha bwino kuchuluka kwa thovu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuyandama kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono; kusintha pang'ono kungakhudze osati kungogawa bwino komanso kufunikira kwa mphamvu, chifukwa mapangidwe oyenera a thovu amalola kupukutira kwambiri komanso kusunga mphamvu.
Kusintha kolondola kwa mlingo wa reagent ndikofunikira. Kusakwanira kwa wosonkhanitsa/kuwonjezera frother kumachepetsa kuchira ndi kuchuluka kwa concentrate; wogwiritsa ntchito wochulukirapo amawonjezera ndalama ndipo angayambitse zinyalala. Machitidwe amakono odzipangira okha dosing amalumikizana ndi mayankho a nthawi yeniyeni ochokera ku chitsulo chosungunuka cha slurry, monga Lonnmeter. Machitidwewa nthawi zonse amasinthasintha kuchuluka kwa dosing kutengera kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa slurry, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala za reagent. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa mafakitale akuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza mayankho a sensor mu machitidwe oyezera reagent kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito a flotation cell mineral processing komanso kuwongolera ndalama zopangira.
Kupewa Kusinthasintha kwa Kuchuluka kwa Madzi a Slurry
Kusunga kuchulukana kwa matope nthawi zonse m'dera loyandama ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kulondola kwa kuyandama kwa matope kukhale kolondola komanso kuti chitsulo chikhale cholimba. Kusinthasintha kwa kachulukidwe ka madzi kungayambitse khalidwe losakhazikika la thovu, kugawa kwa reagent kosasinthasintha, komanso mavuto ogwirira ntchito monga kutsekeka kwa zosefera kapena kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi. Machitidwe owongolera odziyimira pawokha, motsogozedwa ndi kuyeza kuchulukana kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni kuchokera ku mita ya matope, amathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha mwachangu kuwonjezera madzi ndi zinthu zolimba ku dera. Izi zimachepetsa kusinthasintha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chakudya kapena kusokonekera kwa ntchito.
Njira zoyendetsera ntchitoyi zikuphatikizapo kuyika madzi m'malo okhazikika komanso kusintha madzi oyenda pansi kapena mapampu odyetsera kutengera kutulutsa kwa madzi kuchokera ku ma density meters. Ngati chakudyacho chachepa (density drops), ma valve odziyimira pawokha amachepetsa madzi olowera kapena kuwonjezera chakudya champhamvu. Pamene density ikukwera (kukhala yokhuthala kwambiri), madzi amawonjezedwa kuti apitirize kukhala ndi mulingo woyenera kuti azitha kuyenda bwino. Njirazi sizimangotsimikizira kuti maselo oyandama akuyenda bwino komanso zimathandizanso kuti azitha kugwira bwino ntchito, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosefera, komanso kupewa kutsekeka kwa nembanemba ya fyuluta.
Mamita apamwamba, mongaLonnmeterchowunikira kuchuluka kwa slurry, yambitsani kuyeza kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni. Izi zimathandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino komanso kuchotsa chinyezi bwino pambuyo poyanga. Kuti muwongolere bwino njira yogwirira ntchito, oyang'anira kuchuluka kwa chitsulocho amaonetsetsa kuti mitsinje yotayira madzi ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zosungiramo ndikuthandizira kuzindikira miyala yachitsulo yomwe sinapezeke kuti igwire bwino ntchito.
Magawo Ofunika Kwambiri Oyandama ndi Kulamulira Kwawo
Gulu la zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito liyenera kulamulidwa kuti lizitha kusinthasintha bwino nthawi zonse. Liwiro la injini, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndi nthawi yokhalamo ndi zinthu zazikulu. Kukonza bwino kwake kumakhudza mwachindunji kupanga thovu, kusakaniza, ndi nthawi yomwe mchere umathera m'maselo oyandama. Kusintha zinthuzi popanda kubwerezabwereza kwa njira kungayambitse zotsatira zosakwanira: liwiro lalikulu la injini lingayambitse kulowetsedwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono; kuchuluka kwa mpweya wochepa kungayambitse kubweza kwa mchere kosakwanira.
Kulinganiza magawo awa kumaphatikizapo kulumikiza kusintha kwa njira ndi mawerengedwe ochokera ku chitsulo cha slurry density meters ndi zida zowunikira zokhazikika. Ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito floating component modeling—yomangidwa kuchokera ku deta yoyesera—ndipo imaiphatikiza mu dongosolo lowongolera la fakitale, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha kolosera. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa input density komwe kumawonedwa ndi masensa kumayambitsa kusintha kwa liwiro la impeller kapena kuyenda kwa mpweya nthawi yomweyo kuti mawindo ogwirira ntchito akhale abwino.
Kuwunika kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zalowetsedwa ndi zomwe zatulutsidwa kumachepetsa kutayika kwa miyala yachitsulo yomwe sinapezeke. Ngati masensa ochulukirachulukira a tailings alemba kusinthasintha, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulowererapo powonjezera nthawi yogona kapena kusintha kuwonjezera kwa reagent. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa magawo, kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zikuyenda bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa kukhazikika. Zotsatira zake ndi kulondola kwa kugawa kwa flotation, kupewa kutayika kwa mchere komwe sikunapezeke, komanso kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa magawo azinthu.
Kupititsa patsogolo Zotsatira za Njira: Kuyambira Kupatukana Kogwira Mtima Mpaka Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Moyenera
Kulekanitsa Mineral ndi Gangue Kogwira Mtima
Kuonjezera kusankhidwa kwa kuyandama kwa chitsulo mu kuyandama kwa chitsulo kumadalira kugwiritsa ntchito reagent yolunjika. Osonkhanitsa osankhidwa, monga alkyl ethamines, amakonda kuyamwa mchere wachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wosalowerera mlengalenga ndikulimbikitsa kuyandama, pomwe mankhwala oletsa nkhawa monga starch ndi sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) amachititsa kuti mchere wa gangue ukhale wosalowerera mlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti uyandama. Dongosolo la ternary collector-frother likuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwa ma reagents enaake kumatha kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa silica ndi alumina mu concentrate, makamaka pazinthu zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, SHMP imaletsa kwambiri chlorite popanda kukhudza kuyandama kwa specularite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gangue ya silicate ichotsedwe bwino.
Kukonza njira kumayendetsa bwino ntchito yosonkhanitsa ndi mphamvu ya kupsinjika. Kutsika kwambiri kwa mphamvu kumachepetsa kubwezeretsa kwa chitsulo; kusasankha bwino kumawononga ma concentrates. Zida zoyezera zophatikizika, monga mita ya slurry density ya chitsulo nthawi yeniyeni (kuphatikiza Lonnmeter), zimathandiza kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa slurry ndi reagent dosing, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa Fe ndikukhazikitsa grade concentrates. Ogwiritsa ntchito amasintha mpweya, kuchuluka kwa reagent, ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo poyankha deta yopitilira ya density, kuonetsetsa kuti zotsatira zolekanitsa zikugwirizana. Ma model ophunzirira makina amaloseranso ndikuwonjezera khalidwe la concentrates pansi pa mikhalidwe yosinthika.
Kukhuthala ndi Kusefa kwa Kukhazikika
Kukhuthala ndi kusefa bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zosowa za madzi ndi kusungira mu iron ore float. Kukhuthala kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba kudzera mu mphamvu yokoka kapena flocculation; kusefa kumachotsa madzi otsala kuti apange makeke owuma osefa. Kuyang'anira mosalekeza ndi zipangizo monga Lonnmetermita yothira kukhuthala kwa chitsulokuonetsetsa kuti madzi akulowa pansi akukwaniritsa zofunikira zokhazikika kuti madzi achotsedwe komanso kusungidwa bwino.
Kukonza kukhuthala kwa concentrate kumafuna mlingo woyenera wa flocculant kuti iwonjezere kuchulukana kwa madzi omwe akuyenda bwino ndikuwonjezera kumveka bwino kwa madzi ochulukirapo. Gawoli limakhudza mwachindunji momwe kusefera kumagwirira ntchito bwino. Sefa ya nembrane imakanikiza, pambuyo pa kukhuthala kwabwino, imakwaniritsa makeke osefera okhala ndi chinyezi chochepera 6%, kuthandizira kupanga chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosefera kumachepa pamene keke imamatira ndi kugwirizana; zitsanzo zamaganizo zimaneneratu momwe kuchotsedwa kwa keke kumagwirira ntchito pansi pa kupsinjika kwina ndi chithandizo cha keke. Kuletsa kutsekeka kwa fyuluta kumadalira mphamvu zowongolera za slurry - makamaka kuchulukana kofanana ndi kukhuthala - zomwe zimachitika poyesa nthawi yeniyeni komanso mlingo wolondola.
Kusamalira Misomali ndi Kuzindikira Matanthwe Osapezekanso
Kuyang'anira bwino ming'alu ya chitsulo poyenda pansi pa chitsulo kumadalira kuyang'anira bwino kuchuluka kwa ming'alu ya chitsulo kuti chitetezeke, kubwezeretsa zinthu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ming'alu ya chitsulo, kudzera mumasensa odziyendetsa okha mosalekeza(monga zomwe zaphatikizidwa ndi Lonnmeter), zimaonetsetsa kuti malo osungiramo madzi akukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuchulukana kwa madzi kuti asungidwe bwino ndipo zimathandiza kuti madzi abwererenso. Malo osungiramo madzi omwe ali ndi kuchulukana kosayembekezereka amapereka chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa madamu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chitsulo chobisika kumafuna njira zomwe zimazindikira chitsulo chomwe sichinapezeke. Ma seti opangidwa ndi masensa amazindikira chitsulo m'mitsinje ya chitsulo chobisika, zomwe zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kukonza mawonekedwe a circuit yoyandama, kubwezeretsa miyala yotayika, ndikuwonjezera kuchira kwa njira yonse. Chitsulo chobwezeretsedwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chobisika chikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso kudzera mu kukonzanso, zomwe zimawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa zinthu.
Kuwongolera Mtengo Wopangira Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ndi Kusunga Zinthu Zopangira Mphamvu
Kuwongolera mtengo wopanga mu kuyandama kwa chitsulo kumayang'ana kwambiri pa reagent ndi kusunga mphamvu. Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa slurry nthawi yeniyeni kumalola kusintha molondola kwa reagent. Kusanthula thovu pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi ukadaulo wowongolera wosinthika kumachepetsa mlingo wosonkhanitsa ndi thovu—kuchepetsa zinyalala za reagent ndikukulitsa kulekanitsa kwa mchere kogwira mtima. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsanso ntchito madzi okhala ndi ma amine otsala kungachepetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa reagent yatsopano ndi 46% popanda kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa concentrate kapena kubwezeretsa.
Kusunga mphamvu kumachitika pamodzi ndi kuwerengera bwino kwa reagent. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa pa flotation kumatha kuchitika ndi kuchulukira kwa slurry ndi process parameter control, mothandizidwa ndi ma sensor feedback ndi ma machine learning models. Mu kukhuthala ndi kusefa, kusunga kuchulukira koyenera kwa chakudya kumachepetsa nthawi yozungulira ndi kufunikira kwa mphamvu yosindikizira zosefera. Kuphatikiza apo, kupewa kuwonongeka ndi kutsekeka kwa mapaipi—ndi kuchulukira kwa slurry ndi kuchulukira kwa slurry—kumachepetsa ndalama zokonzera ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwa ntchito.
Kuyandama kwa Mchira
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Kuphatikiza Njira Zapamwamba: Kuwongolera Kokhazikika ndi Kukulitsa Mphamvu
Kukhazikika kwa magawo a ndondomeko mu njira yoyandama kwa chitsulo kumachitika mwa kuphatikiza muyeso wolondola wa kuchulukana ndi kuwongolera kwa dera loyankha. Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa slurry nthawi yeniyeni ndikofunikira kwambiri; zida mongaMamita ochulukirachulukira a Lonnmeter kupereka deta yolondola komanso yolondola yomwe imaphunzitsa zisankho zowongolera ndikuletsa kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mchere m'maselo oyandama. Kuyeza kuchuluka kosalekeza kumatsimikizira kulekanitsa bwino kwa mchere ndi gangue, kumathandiza kuti kulekanitsa kwa flotation kugwire bwino ntchito, komanso kupewa mavuto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri monga kutsekeka kwa zosefera, kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi, ndi kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'maselo.
Mamita olemera a Lonnmeter, okhala ndi malire olakwika okwana ±0.001 g/cm³, amathandizira kuzindikira mwachangu ndi kukonza kusuntha kwa kuchuluka kwa slurry. Mlingo uwu wowongolera umalimbitsa kukhuthala kwa chitsulo, umathandizira kukhuthala kwa kukhuthala kwa concentrate, komanso umachepetsa chitsulo chosapezekanso m'mafupa. Kuyankha kolondola kwa kukhuthala kumapanga maziko osinthira mphamvu za reagents—dose zosonkhanitsa ndi zotulutsa—ndipo nthawi yeniyeni yowongolera magawo a flotation circuit kuti asunge kukhazikika kwa chitsulo ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosefera. Machitidwe ophatikizidwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma automated feedback control loops ndi ma model predictive control (MPC) frameworks amayankha mwachangu kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala, kuletsa kutsekeka kwa zosefera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikutsatira zofunikira za kuchuluka kwa kusungirako kwa tailings.
Kulinganiza ubwino wa concentrate ndi kuchira bwino mu flotation ya chitsulo kumafuna kumvetsetsa kuyanjana kovuta pakati pa zosintha za njira. Njira Yoyankhira Pamwamba (RSM) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukonza zinthu zambiri, zomwe zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuyeza momwe zinthu zimakhudzira kuphatikiza kwa magawo monga pH level, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mlingo wa reagent, ndi aeration rate pa zokolola zazinthu ndi grade. Mitundu ya RSM-ANN hybrid yawonetsedwa kuti imapereka kulondola kolosera kwa R² > 0.98 pamakina oyendetsera mineral flotation. Central Composite Design (CCD) ndi ma algorithms apamwamba okonza zinthu—monga Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG)—amatanthauzira bwino njira zoyendetsera zinthu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti kubwezeretsa chitsulo kufikire 95% pomwe kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa SiO₂. Mitundu iyi imathandizira kusintha kolondola kwa reagent dosing, kukonza kosonkhanitsa ndi kutsitsa kwa dosing, komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala za reagent, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulamulira ndalama zopanga ndi kusintha kulondola kwa kulekanitsa kwa flotation.
Kuyankha mwachangu kwa njira yosinthira mawonekedwe a chakudya kumathandizidwa ndi zida zomwe zimaphatikiza muyeso wapamwamba wakuthupi ndi chitsanzo choyendetsedwa ndi deta. Kuyankha kwapamwamba kuchokera ku muyeso wa kachulukidwe kumathandiza kusintha mwachangu kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa reagent, ndi mpweya, kusunga zolinga zogwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'magawo osinthasintha a ore ndi mineralogies. Njira zophunzirira makina, kuphatikiza mapasa a digito a ma flotation circuits ndi kusanthula kwa chithunzi cha froth chochokera ku AI, zimapereka mphamvu zowongolera zosinthika zomwe zimakonza mwachangu kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka chakudya kapena kuchuluka kwa slurry. Zida zoyeserera monga JKSimFloat zimakulitsanso kapangidwe ka dera ndi njira zogwirira ntchito polola kuyesa "ngati-ngati" pa intaneti, kuthandizira kusintha kwamphamvu kwa njira popanda kuyika pachiwopsezo chuma chopanga. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha mwachangu kwa makonda a dera kutengera muyeso wa kachulukidwe ka chitsulo cha tailings kumasunga kachulukidwe ka tailings mkati mwa malire otsatira pomwe kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu.
Kuphatikiza kwa zoyezera mphamvu zobisika monga Lonnmeter ndi machitidwe owongolera zinthu—kuphatikizapo chubu cholimba chokhazikika cha MPC—kumatsimikizira kuti kukhazikika kwa magawo kumasungidwa bwino nthawi zonse pogaya ndi kuyandama. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira mosalekeza komanso njira zoyankhira zosintha, ogwira ntchito amakwaniritsa khalidwe losasinthasintha la zinthu komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchira kwamitengo yachitsulo, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amawongolera ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikuletsa mavuto osungira zinthu zosefera, mapaipi, ndi matope.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Kodi njira yoyandama kwa chitsulo ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa slurry ndikofunikira?
Njira yoyandama kwa chitsulo imasiyanitsa mchere wamtengo wapatali wachitsulo ndi gangue mwa kulumikiza tinthu ta mchere ku thovu la mpweya m'maselo oyandama omwe amakonza mchere. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhuthala kwapamwamba komanso kuyera bwino. Kuchulukana kwa matope ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa matope, zomwe zimakhudza momwe tinthu timagawikira pakati pa thovu ndi matope. Kuwongolera koyenera kumaletsa mavuto monga kukhazikika kwa thovu, kuchepa kwa kuchira, komanso zopinga zosefera. Kuwongolera kuchulukana kwa matope kumatsimikizira kulekanitsa bwino kwa mchere ndi gangue, kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa magawo a njira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zotsikira pansi, kuphatikiza zosefera ndi zokhuthala.
Kodi zoyezera kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono zimathandiza bwanji pa ntchito za dera loyandama?
Mamita oyezera kuchuluka kwa matope achitsulo, monga ochokera ku Lonnmeter, amapereka muyeso wokhazikika, nthawi yeniyeni wa kuchuluka kwa pulp pamalo ofunikira kwambiri owongolera. Deta iyi imalola kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa matope a circuit flotation, komwe ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kusiyana kokhazikika. Kuyankha kodziyimira pawokha kumalola kusintha mwachangu magawo a ndondomeko, kuphatikiza kusintha kolondola kwa reagent dosing ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya, kuonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwa kugawa kwa matope kukukwera. Ubwino uwu ndi monga kupewa kusinthasintha kwa matope, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi ndi kutsekeka kwa payipi, komanso kusunga chuma. Ogwira ntchito amatha kupewa kutayika kwa miyala yosapezekanso, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa circuit, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira kudzera mu ntchito zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima zothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo wolondola woyezera.
Kodi mlingo wa collector ndi frother ungakonzedwe bwanji mu flotation?
Kukonza bwino kwa mlingo wa wosonkhanitsa ndi kutsitsa kumadalira kuchuluka kwa deta ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni. Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala nthawi zonse kumalola machitidwe operekera mankhwala kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwa chakudya, kuchepetsa zinyalala za reagent ndikuwonjezera kulondola kwa kulekanitsa kwa flotation. Machitidwe apamwamba operekera mankhwala amachepetsanso kusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhazikika kwa kalasi yokhazikika komanso ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito m'mafakitale opangira mchere. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera ma reagent odziyimira pawokha, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi mayankho a kuchuluka kwa mankhwala pa intaneti, kumachepetsa zochitika zonse zochulukitsa mankhwala ndi kuchepetsa mlingo zomwe zikanachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a flotation circuit ndikukweza zosowa zowongolera mtengo wopanga.
N’chifukwa chiyani kuyeza kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m’thupi n’kofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya zomera?
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala kwa chitsulo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti madzi achotsedwe bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti kukhuthala kwa chitsulo kukukula bwino komanso kuti chitsulo chikhale chokhazikika. Kuyang'anira bwino kumaletsa kutsekeka kwa fyuluta, kumathandiza kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosefera, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti chinthucho chikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chinyezi posungira ndi kutumiza. Kuwongolera bwino kwa chitsulo chokhuthala, kothandizidwa ndi mita yoyezera kukhuthala kwa chitsulo, kumalola kuyang'anira bwino madzi nthawi zonse ndipo kumatsimikizira kuti makina osefera amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, motero kuthandizira zolinga zachuma komanso zaukadaulo za chomera.
Kodi kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa tailings kumathandizira bwanji chitetezo cha ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu?
Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa ming'alu kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pachitetezo, kuteteza chilengedwe, komanso kukhazikika. Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ming'alu ya chitsulo kumathandiza zomera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakusungira ming'alu ndi miyezo yoyendetsera kusunga ndi kutulutsa. Kuyang'anira kosalekeza kumapereka chenjezo koyambirira la kusintha kwa njira kapena kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zochitika zachilengedwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida. Kumathandizanso kuzindikira ming'alu yachitsulo yomwe sinapezeke m'ming'alu, kupereka mwayi wowonjezera kukonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu. Izi zimathandiza kuwerengera bwino kayendedwe ka zinthu ndipo zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yamakono yoyendetsera zomera zoyandama mokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-25-2025
