Kusamalira bwino kuchuluka kwa cyanide yaulere mu njira yochotsera golide wa cyanide kumafuna kuyeza nthawi yeniyeni mkati mwa ma circuits ochotsera matope. Ma analyzer amkati, omwe amaikidwa mwachindunji mkati mwa mapaipi a slurry kapena matanki, nthawi zonse amatsata kuchuluka kwa cyanide yaulere, cyanide yotsalira, ndi WAD cyanide. Zipangizozi zimachotsa kuchedwa kwa sampuli pamanja, zimachepetsa zoopsa za zolakwika za wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zimapereka deta ya ndondomeko mphindi 3-10 zilizonse, kuthandizira kupanga zisankho mwachangu m'malo osinthika a zomera.
Mfundo Zofunikira pa Kuchotsa Cyanide Kuti Muchotse Golide
Kutulutsa golide kuchokera ku cyanide ndiye maziko a kubwezeretsa golide kuchokera ku hydrometallurgical, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa kuchokera ku miyala yotsika komanso yovuta. Munjira iyi, golide amasinthidwa kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ake achitsulo kukhala complex yosungunuka, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide (NaCN) pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline kwambiri. Kuchitapo kanthu kwa mankhwala ofunikira kumaphatikizapo golide, ma ayoni a cyanide, ndi okosijeni wamamolekyu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale complex yokhazikika ya cyanide yagolide [Au(CN)_2]^–—njira yochitira pochotsa golide wamakampani:
4 Au + 8 CN⁻ + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 [Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4 OH⁻
Kusunga kuchuluka kokwanira kwa cyanide, mpweya wokwanira wosungunuka, ndi pH ya alkaline (kawirikawiri >10) ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zithandizire kusungunuka ndi kusungidwa bwino, chifukwa zinthu za alkaline zimaletsa kupangika kwa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide woopsa. Kutulutsa kwa madzi kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi magawo awa, komanso kuchuluka kwa zamkati ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono—zosinthika zomwe zimakonzedwa nthawi zonse pantchito zamafakitale ndipo zimatchulidwa mu kafukufuku wapamwamba wa golide cyanidation. Kuphatikiza apo, mineralology ya ore ndi kupezeka kwa zodetsa, monga ma ayoni amkuwa, zimatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito mwa kupikisana ndi cyanide ndikupanga zovuta zosafunikira zomwe zimawonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa reagent ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa golide wobweza.
Kuwunika kwa Cyanide ndi Golide pa intaneti mu Njira Yotulutsira Golide
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Njira yochotsera golide wa cyanide siingafanane ndi njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito mosavuta, zotsika mtengo, komanso zotulutsa mitundu yambiri ya miyala. Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwapa kukuphatikizapo thermodynamic ndi kinetic modeling kuti ilosere momwe leach imakhalira, kukonza kuchuluka kwa cyanide kwaulere, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito reagent mopitirira muyeso kudzera mu kusanthula bwino kwa kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching komanso kuyeza kuchuluka kwa leachate yagolide. Chida choyezera kuchuluka kwa golide cha Lonnmeter chathandizanso pakuwunika kuchuluka kwa cyanide molondola komanso nthawi yeniyeni pantchito zamigodi, kuthandizira kuwongolera molondola momwe leach imagwirira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kutayika.
Ngakhale kuchotsa cyanide kuti muchotse golide kukutsogolera m'mafakitale, njira zochotsera golide popanda cyanide zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha nkhawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pazachilengedwe komanso malamulo. Njira zina monga thiosulfate ndi hypobromite leaching zimapereka njira zina zochotsera golide zomwe siziwononga chilengedwe ndipo zawonetsa kuti golide wabwezeretsedwa bwino m'ma laboratories ndi m'mafakitale oyesera. Mwachitsanzo, njira ya Dundee Sustainable Technologies imagwiritsa ntchito sodium hypobromite m'malo mwa cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide atulutsidwe mwachangu komanso kuthetsa zoopsa za chithandizo ndi kutaya kwa cyanide leachate. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kumatsutsidwa ndi zinthu monga mtengo, kuphatikiza njira, komanso kugwirizana kwa ore.
Kusankha njira pakati pa njira zopanda cyanide ndi cyanide kumadalira kubweza bwino golide kuchokera ku cyanide leachate, kuthekera kwaukadaulo, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndi kutsatira malamulo. Kuchotsa cyanide leaching kumakhalabe njira yabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zambiri zamigodi chifukwa cha kutayika kwa golide komwe kumadziwikiratu komanso zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pachilengedwe zikaphatikizidwa ndi njira zolimba zowunikira kuchuluka kwa cyanide. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ukadaulo wapamwamba wochotsa cyanide leaching ndi njira zina zotetezera chilengedwe zimapereka njira zofunika kwambiri kwa migodi yomwe ikukumana ndi mavuto a layisensi ya anthu, mitundu yovuta ya miyala, kapena malo okhwima olamulira. Kusinthanitsa kwa njira iliyonse kumafuna kuwunika mosamala kuchuluka kwa cyanide komwe kuli komasuka komanso kotsala mu golide leachate, kuchuluka kwa pulp, kapangidwe ka leachate, ndi zoletsa zinazake.
Chemistry ndi Njira Zochitira Zinthu mu Gold Cyanide Leaching
Stoichiometry ya Kusungunuka kwa Golide: Kuyanjana kwa Golide, Cyanide, ndi Oxygen
Njira yochotsera golide wa cyanide imayendetsedwa ndi stoichiometry yomwe yafotokozedwa ndi Elsner Equation:
4 Au + 8 CN⁻ + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 [Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4 OH⁻
Kuchita izi kukuwonetsa ntchito zazikulu za golide wachitsulo, ma ioni a cyanide omasuka (CN⁻), ndi mpweya wa molekyulu. Mole iliyonse ya mpweya imalola kusungunuka kwa ma mole anayi a golide, ndipo cyanide imapanga dicyanoaurate complex yokhazikika ([Au(CN)₂]⁻). Cyanide ndi mpweya wokwanira ziyenera kukhalapo kuti golide atulutsidwe bwino pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide leaching.
Udindo wa Oxygen monga Chothandizira; Zotsatira za Mlingo wa Oxygen Wosungunuka pa Leach Kinetics
Mpweya wa okosijeni umagwira ntchito ngati okosijeni wofunikira kwambiri womwe umathandizira kusungunuka kwa golide koma sugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira yoti ukhale wothandiza—umagwira ntchito mokhazikika koma nthawi zambiri umachepetsa liwiro la zomwe zimachitika m'mafakitale. Kuchuluka kwa golide wochotsa golide, makamaka pakulamulira kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching, kumadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa oxygen (DO). Ngati cyanide yaulere ili yochulukirapo, kusowa kwa oxygen kumachepetsa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa oxygen wochotsa golide.
Mwachitsanzo, mpweya wochepa wosungunuka umachepetsa mphamvu ya leach ngakhale cyanide ili yochuluka, pomwe DO yochulukirapo kudzera mu mpweya wowonjezera, kugwedezeka, kapena kuwonjezera mpweya wa nanobubble kungathandize kwambiri kinetics ndi kubwezeretsa golide. Deta ya labotale ndi malo ikuwonetsa kuti kuyeza kwa mpweya wambiri kumatha kupitirira muyeso wa mpweya womwe ulipo pamwamba pa golide chifukwa cha kukana kwa mayendedwe mu pulp; DO yeniyeni pamalo olumikizirana nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika, zomwe zikugogomezera kufunikira kwa njira zapamwamba zowongolera ndi kugawa mpweya.
Mphamvu ya Mikhalidwe ya Alkaline (Kusintha kwa pH) pa Chitetezo ndi Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Dongosolo
Kutulutsa kwa cyanide kuti muchotse golide kuyenera kuchitika m'malo okhala ndi alkaline yambiri, nthawi zambiri pH 10–11.5. Mtundu uwu wa pH umalimbitsa cyanide mwa kulimbikitsa kupezeka kwa mitundu ya CN⁻ yaulere ndikuletsa kupangika kwa mpweya wosasunthika wa hydrogen cyanide (HCN), womwe umatuluka pa pH yochepera 9.3 ndipo umabweretsa zoopsa zoopsa za poizoni.
pH nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), kapena laimu (Ca(OH)₂), ndipo kusankha kumakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa ore ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito laimu, makamaka pamwamba pa pH 11, kungachedwetse kusungunuka kwa golide—zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zochita za interfacial m'malo mwa kusungunuka kwa mpweya. pH yochuluka kwambiri yokhala ndi laimu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya leach, makamaka pamene arsenic kapena zonyansa zina zilipo, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa pamwamba kapena kayendedwe ka mankhwala.
Kuti njira yochotsera golide m'maselo ikhale yotetezeka komanso yogwira ntchito bwino, mafakitale amakono agolide amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziyimira yokha ya pH ndi cyanide kutengera ukadaulo wa inline sensor. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti njirayi imakhala mkati mwa zenera labwino kwambiri la alkaline, kukhazikika kwa cyanide yopanda madzi, komanso kupewa kupangika kwa HCN koopsa komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide ndi kusungunuka kwa zinyalala kosafunikira.
Kufunika kwa Mitundu ya Cyanide: Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide Yopanda Cyanide vs. Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide Yotsalira mu Ndondomekoyi
Mu kusanthula kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching, si cyanide yonse yosungunuka yomwe imapezeka mofanana kuti ichotsedwe golide. Njirayi imasiyanitsa pakati pa cyanide yaulere ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyanide yotsalira (yovuta).
- Sianidi yaulere(chiwerengero cha CN⁻ chomwe chilipo komanso, pa pH yotsika, HCN) ndiye chinthu chogwira ntchito chomwe chimalola kusungunuka kwa golide mwachindunji.
- Cyanide yotsalaIli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo ndi cyanide (monga mkuwa, chitsulo, kapena zinki). Mitundu iyi siipezeka kwambiri kuti isungunuke golide, imawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide, ndipo ndi yomwe imayang'aniridwa kwambiri pochiza ndi kutaya cyanide chifukwa cha nkhawa za poizoni.
Kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa cyanide yaulere ndikofunikira kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa golide wochotsedwa ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa cyanide. Njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa cyanide yaulere, kuphatikiza zida zapamwamba monga Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter yoyezera cyanide, zimathandiza kusintha nthawi yeniyeni kwa zowonjezera za reagent. Izi zimasunga magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yotsala kukhala yolondola.
Cyanide yotsala kwambiri imatha kuwonetsa zotsatira zoyipa zosafunikira (monga kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo choyambira), kuwongolera bwino njira, kapena kufunikira kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi leach—makamaka posintha njira zina zochotsera golide zomwe sizimawononga chilengedwe kapena njira zochotsera golide zopanda cyanide. Kubwezeretsa golide wamakono kuchokera ku njira zochotsera golide pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kosalekeza kwa cyanide monga gawo la ukadaulo wapamwamba wochotsera cyanide kuti ulimbikitse magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, komanso kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe.
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhudza Njira Yotulutsira Golide Cyanide
Makhalidwe ndi Kukonzekera kwa Maolivi
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa golide wa cyanide kumadalira kwambiri mineralology ya miyalayo, kukula kwa tinthu ta golide, ndi chithandizo chisanachitike. Ma mineral omwe ali ndi golide omwe amatsekedwa mkati mwa mchere wa sulfide, makamaka pyrite, amadziwika kuti ndi osasunthika ndipo amasonyeza kuchuluka kochepa kotulutsa pokhapokha ngati atakonzedwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ma concentrate okhala ndi pyrite ambiri amafuna kuchuluka kwa cyanide, koma izi zimawonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa reagent komanso ndalama zowononga chilengedwe popanda kutsimikizira kuti golide abwereranso bwino. Kuwonjezeka kwa zitsulo zoyambira monga mkuwa, zinc, kapena chitsulo kumapikisana ndi golide wa cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosafunikira kukhale kosayenera ndikupanga magawo osasinthika pa golide, zomwe zimalepheretsa kusungunuka.
Miyala yomwe imamera kale monga kaboni wachilengedwe, ndi miyala ya gangue yomwe imamera golide, imachepetsanso magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, kusanthula bwino za mineral musanapange njira ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe mitundu yovuta komanso ubale wawo ndi kapangidwe kake. Kutulutsa bwino kwa golide kumaphatikizapo kuzindikira ngati golide ndi wogayidwa mwaulere—wopezeka kuti ukhale wothira mwachindunji—kapena wophimbidwa ndipo umafunika chithandizo chisanachitike.
Kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumakhudza mwachindunji kayendedwe ka leaching mu golide wa cyanidation. Kupera pang'ono kumawonjezera kuwonekera pamwamba, kumawonjezera liwiro la kuchira, koma kupitirira kukula koyenera, kupera kwambiri kumachepetsa magwiridwe antchito mwa kupanga matope omwe amalepheretsa kusamutsa misa ndipo kungapangitse kutayika kwakukulu. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti, kwa ores ambiri, kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa golide waulere pa kugaya kwina kumathandizira kuti cyanide ipezeke bwino komanso kuti mafakitale azigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Kupera pang'ono kwambiri kumathandiza pa golide wophimbidwa kwambiri koma kungayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri reagent kapena agglomeration.
Njira zochizira zisanakonzedwe zimasankhidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa miyala. Kuchizira zisanakonzedwe pogwiritsa ntchito makina pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopukutira bwino kwambiri kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza golide wobisika. Mankhwala monga kupukuta ndi alkaline kapena acidic kumawononga ma sulfide owopsa. Mankhwala ochizira kutentha, monga kuwotcha, amasintha ma sulfide kukhala ma oxides, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide azitha kuchotsedwa mosavuta. Kuyika chokakamizika - kuwonjezera laimu musanachotsedwe - kumalimbitsa pH ndikuletsa kupangika kwa mitundu yosungunuka komanso yogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kuwotcha ndi oxidative kwa alkaline ndi magawo awiri kumatha kuwonjezera kwambiri kuchira kwa miyala yochizira ya Carlin. Pa miyala yochizira ku South Africa, kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala ochizira ndi mankhwala kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide wochotsedwa kuposa njira iliyonse yokha.
Mikhalidwe Yogwiritsira Ntchito Kuchotsa Matupi
Kukonza Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide
Kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu yankho kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino. Kusakwanira kwa cyanide yaulere kumachedwetsa kusungunuka, pomwe kuchulukira kumawonjezera ndalama ndi katundu wowononga chilengedwe popanda kuwonjezera kubwezeretsedwa kwa golide. Kafukufuku wamilandu akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 600 ppm ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa miyala ina, zomwe zimathandiza kusungunuka kwathunthu koma kuchepetsa kutayika. Kuyang'anira kosalekeza kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi mlingo wodziyimira pawokha—pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter—zimathandizira kuwonjezera reagent yokonzedwa bwino yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za miyala ndikukhazikitsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa Kuchuluka kwa Kutulutsa Madzi ndi Masamba
Kuchuluka kwa pulp—chiŵerengero cha solid-to-liquid—chimachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusamutsa misa ndi kubwezeretsa golide. Kuchuluka kwa pulp kumathandizira kuchotsa golide chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuyenda kwa yankho komanso kupezeka kwa reagent koma kumawonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi madzi ndi reagent. Kuchuluka kwa pulp kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito reagent koma kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha kuchotsa golide kosakwanira chifukwa cha kusamutsa misa bwino. Kusanthula mosamala kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching ndi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa leachate ya golide ndikofunikira kuti njira igwire bwino ntchito.
Kusinthasintha ndi Kulamulira Kutentha
Kusuntha koyenera n'kofunika kwambiri poletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikuthandizira kukhudzana bwino pakati pa cyanide yosungunuka ndi golide. Kuchuluka kwa kusuntha nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera mphamvu ya leaching, makamaka kwa miyala yomwe imakonda kusungunuka kapena kusonkhana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Komabe, kusuntha koopsa kwambiri kungayambitse kutayika kwa thupi kapena zotsatira zoyipa zosafunikira za mpweya. Momwemonso, kutentha kumawonjezeka mofulumira kusungunuka kwa golide, koma kutentha kogwira ntchito kuyenera kukhala koyenera—kutentha kwakukulu kumathandizira kusinthasintha kwa kuyankha komanso kumalimbikitsa kutayika kwa cyanide kudzera mu kusinthasintha kapena kuwola.
Kulamulira Nthawi Yopumira
Nthawi yochotsa madzi iyenera kukhala yayitali mokwanira kuti isungunuke koma yochepa mokwanira kuti ikwaniritse bwino ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza ochotsa madzi kungachepetse nthawi yofunikira yolumikizirana kwambiri pomwe kumathandizira kuchira kwathunthu. Nthawi yochepa yochotsa madzi yokhala ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya mankhwala imachepetsa zosowa za reagent, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso zoopsa zachilengedwe. Kuwongolera bwino nthawi yochotsa madzi ndikofunikira kuti mugwirizanitse kugwiritsa ntchito reagent ndi kinetics yochotsa madzi amitundu inayake ya miyala.
Kuphatikiza mosamala mitundu ya miyala, kusankha musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zamkati, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa cyanide mosalekeza, komanso kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito kumathandizira kuchotsa golide wamakono komanso wogwira mtima pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide leaching.
Njira Zoyezera ndi Kulamulira Kukhazikika kwa Mzere
Mayankho Oyang'anira Amakono
Njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa cyanide kwaulere zimaphatikizapo masensa a amperometric ndi ma ligand exchange reaction, zomwe zimathandiza kuyeza mwachindunji komanso molondola koyenera kusanthula kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching ndi golide leachate flows. Magawo ofunikira monga free cyanide ndi WAD cyanide ayenera kuyezedwa kuti azitha kuwongolera njira komanso kutsatira malamulo, chifukwa malire olamulira tsopano amafuna kutsatira mosalekeza kuchuluka kwa cyanide yotsala mu gold leachate. Zida zokhazikika, zomwe zimayikidwa pamalo oyenera mu dera, zimathandiza kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndikupereka chenjezo loyambirira la kusintha kwa njira.
Zipangizo zoyezera za Ultrasonic, zomwe zimaimiridwa ndi Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi pulp m'mabwalo otulutsira madzi. Mita iyi imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotumizira madzi kuti idziwe kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi golide. Kuyeza mwachindunji kumathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika nthawi yomweyo momwe golide amagwirira ntchito, kukonza mpweya ndi kusintha kwa mpweya, ndikusunga kukhazikika kwa njira. Kapangidwe ka Lonnmeter kamathandizira kulemba deta nthawi yeniyeni, yodziyimira payokha komanso kuphatikizana mwachangu ndi makina owongolera zomera. Mwachitsanzo, poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi, Lonnmeter imapereka mayankho mosalekeza, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi m'ma laboratories ndikulola kusintha mwachangu kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino madzi komanso kubwezeretsanso golide.
M'malo mwake, njira zamakono izi zimapereka:
- Deta yachangu pa cyanide ndi kuchulukana kwa mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mlingo ukhale wolondola.
- Kutsatira bwino malamulo otulutsira madzi ndi kuchotsa zinthu zina chifukwa cha deta yotsalira ya cyanide yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Kusunga ndalama zogwirira ntchito, chifukwa kukonza njira kungachitike mwachangu.
Njira Zowongolera Mayankho
Kuwongolera njira zodziyimira zokha kumagwiritsa ntchito deta yoyezera mkati kuti ipititse patsogolo kuwonjezera kwa reagent, kuchuluka kwa pulp, ndi mpweya mu kuchotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide leaching. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi feedback—kuwerenga kwa sensa nthawi yeniyeni kumatumizidwa kwa owongolera logic (PLC), omwe kenako amasintha zokha kuwonjezera kwa cyanide, ma reagents owononga, ndi zowonjezera zotulutsa. Izi zimachotsa zolakwika zowerengera pamanja, zimalimbitsa kuwongolera kwa leaching kinetics, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide.
Njira zoyankhira mafunso ndi izi:
- Malingaliro ozikidwa pa malamulo, omwe amakhazikitsa malire ndi kuchuluka kwa mlingo kutengera malire a cyanide omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale.
- Kukonza kochokera ku chitsanzo, komwe kumatanthauzira deta ya masensa ambiri—cyanide, kuchulukana, pH, mpweya wosungunuka—kuti kuwonjezere mphamvu yobwezeretsa golide.
- Kuyeza kosalekeza mkati mwa mzere kumalola kuyeza kuchulukana kwa leachate yagolide kuti kuthandizire kusintha kwa kugwedezeka ndikusinthasintha kwa slurry.
Njira zodzitetezera zokha zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide, zinyalala za reagent, komanso kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wochokera ku ntchito zamalonda akuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide mpaka 21%, pomwe kubweza golide kumakhalabe kosalekeza kapena kukukula chifukwa cha kapangidwe kabwino ka leachate komanso kuwongolera bwino njira. Kubweza golide kuchokera ku leachate ya cyanide kumapindula mwachindunji ndi mlingo wokhazikika komanso wowongoleredwa bwino wa reagent.
Machitidwe ophatikizana opereka mayankho amathandiziranso njira zina zochotsera golide zomwe siziwononga chilengedwe mwa kusunga ulamuliro wolimba pa kuchuluka kwa cyanide, kuchepetsa mpweya woipa, komanso kukonza kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongedwa kwa golide.njira zobwezeretsaKuyeza kwadzidzidzi pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso ya pa intaneti kumaposa njira zoyezera ndi manja, zomwe zimakhala zocheperako komanso zosavuta kusinthasintha.
Mwachidule, ukadaulo wapamwamba wochotsa cyanide umaphatikiza muyeso wamkati—mongaLonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter—ndi njira yodziyimira yokha yowongolera mayankho. Njira imeneyi imakonza gawo lililonse, kuyambira kusanthula kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka m'magazi mpaka kuchiza ndi kutaya madzi otuluka m'magazi a cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito iyende bwino komanso kutsatira miyezo ya chilengedwe ndi chitetezo.
Kukonza Njira ndi Kubwezeretsa Zinthu
Deta yoyezera nthawi yeniyeni ndiyo maziko a kukonza bwino njira yotulutsira cyanide yagolide. Zipangizo zozungulira monga Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter zimapereka mawerengedwe olondola komanso opitilira a cyanide yaulere komanso kuchuluka kwa leachate, zomwe zimapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chofunikira kuti asinthe magawo ogwirira ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuwongolera kwa cyanide yokha, komwe kumasunga magulu ofunikira ndikuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa njira. Mwachitsanzo, kusunga cyanide yaulere mkati mwa ±10% ya malo okhazikika kumatsimikizira kuti leaching kinetics ikuyenda bwino popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chuma kapena kutayika kwa golide, ngakhale pamene mtundu wa miyala kapena kuchuluka kwake kusinthasintha.
Kusintha kwamphamvu, komwe kumathandizidwa ndi kuyang'anira cyanide mosalekeza, kumalimbikitsa kuyankha mwachangu pakulamulira ma leach circuits. Machitidwe odzaza okha, omwe amaperekedwa ndi deta yeniyeni, amachepetsa zoopsa za kuchepa kwa mlingo (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo yochotsera golide ichepe) komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ochulukirapo (kukweza ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito reagent komanso zovuta zachilengedwe). Deta yochokera ku inline analyzers imagwirizana bwino ndi kusanthula kwa kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching ndi ntchito zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kusankha liwiro la chosakanizira, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndi zina zofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide leaching.
Kukonza bwino kumafikira pansi: kuyenda kwa deta yolumikizidwa kumathandiza kuyamwa kwa kaboni (CIP/CIL) ndi magawo a mvula ya zinc, kusintha momwe zinthu zilili kutengera kupezeka kwa cyanide komwe kulipo. Mu njira zoyamwa kaboni, kuchuluka kwa cyanide komwe kumawunikidwa molondola kumawonetsetsa kuti kaboni woyatsidwayo sufika msanga kapena mwayi wolephera kugwidwa, pomwe kusintha pH ndi kaboni kutengera ma profiles a leach nthawi yeniyeni kumatha kuwonjezera mphamvu ya kuyamwa kwa golide pamwamba pa 98% mu miyala yovuta. Pa mvula ya zinc, makamaka m'zakudya zomwe zili ndi zitsulo zambiri (monga zinc ndi mkuwa), kusunga kuchuluka kwa cyanide yotsala mu leachate ya golide kumapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zinc kwambiri komanso zotsatira zoyipa zosalamulirika - kumawonjezera mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsa.
Njira ya SART, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe zitsulo zoyambira zimasokoneza kwambiri, imapindulanso ndi kuyeza kwa cyanide. Kuwongolera kokhazikika pa njira zoyeretsera sulfidization ndi acidization, motsogozedwa ndi deta ya cyanide yaulere nthawi yeniyeni, kumachotsa zinc ndi mkuwa mosankha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kubwezeretsanso kwa cyanide kukhale kosavuta kuti ichotsedwe. Izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide yonse, zimawonjezera mphamvu yobwezeretsa golide kuchokera ku cyanide leachate, komanso zimathandizira njira zina zochotsera golide zomwe siziwononga chilengedwe.
Pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito reagent, mgwirizano pakati pa kuyang'anira mwachangu kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi kuwongolera njira sikuyenera kupitirira muyeso. Popewa kuwonjezera cyanide yambiri, zomera zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama ndikuchepetsa kupanga zinyalala zoopsa. Nthawi yomweyo, kusunga mlingo wotsika kwambiri wa cyanide wothandiza kumapewa chiopsezo cha leaching yosakwanira kapena kugwidwa kwa golide, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti phindu lalikulu likupezeka. Machitidwe ozungulira,Chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kusokonezedwa ndi matope kapena kuyenda kosinthasintha, ndi oyenera kwambiri pa izi—kupereka deta yodalirika komanso yothandiza pa gawo lililonse la mankhwala ndi kutaya kwa cyanide leachate.
Kupeza bwino golide kumachitika kudzera mu kulumikizana kwa magawo a leach ya golide ndi njira zobwezeretsera golide pansi pake, zonse zimayendetsedwa ndi kuyang'anira kolondola komanso kosalekeza. Kusintha kwa njira zokonzedwa, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi kuchuluka kwa magawidwe, kumapanga njira yotsekedwa yomwe imawonjezera kubweza kwabwino pamene ikupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika ndi chitetezo pakuchotsa cyanide mu golide. Njira iyi imalola ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wochotsa cyanide mu njira zachikhalidwe komanso zopanda cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino, zobwezeretsera, komanso zotsatizana ndi malamulo chifukwa cha machitidwe olimba owongolera deta.
Njira Yobwezeretsa Golide
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Kusamalira Zachilengedwe mu Kuchotsa Zagolide wa Cyanide
Kusamalira bwino chilengedwe mu njira yochotsera cyanide ya gold kumadalira kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi, kuchiza, ndi kusamalira poizoni ndi matope a cyanide. Ukadaulo ndi njira zapita patsogolo kuti zithetse cyanide yotsala, kuchepetsa zoopsa zonse zachilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.
Kuchotsa poizoni mu Cyanide Leachate, Chithandizo, ndi Kusamalira Misozi
Njira zochotsera poizoni m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide leachate zimaika patsogolo kusweka ndi kuchotsa mitundu ya poizoni ya cyanide. Kusungunuka kwa mankhwala kumakhalabe kokhazikika, kusandutsa cyanide yaulere komanso yofooka ya Weak Acid Dissociable (WAD) kukhala mitundu yotetezeka monga cyanate, yomwe siimayambitsa poizoni ndipo imawola mosavuta. Kuphatikiza kwa ma analyzer a pa intaneti ndi machitidwe omwe amasintha makina owunikira cyanide kwasintha zomera kuti ziziyang'anira mwachangu, kuchepetsa kutulutsa poizoni.
Kasamalidwe ka mipata kamadalira malo osungiramo mipata (TSFs) opangidwa ndi akatswiri opangidwa kuti asunge cyanide yotsalira. Njira zabwino zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma liners awiri, njira zosonkhanitsira madzi, komanso kuyang'anira bwino madzi mosalekeza. Kuwongolera uku kwaukadaulo kumathandiza kupewa kulowa kwa madzi pansi pa nthaka komanso kuipitsidwa kwa madzi pamwamba. Njira zogwirira ntchito za TSF zimasinthasintha malinga ndi zinthu monga nyengo yoipa komanso zoopsa zamadzi m'madera osiyanasiyana, ndi malangizo achitetezo omwe amafotokoza zomwe angachite kuti ateteze biota ndi madzi am'deralo.
Kusamalira madzi mokwanira n'kofunika, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsanso ntchito madzi, kuchiza asanatulutse madzi, komanso kukonzekera zadzidzidzi za kuphwanya malamulo a TSF. Mapulani okonzekera zadzidzidzi amaphatikizapo deta yowunikira nthawi yeniyeni kuti athandize mwachangu ngati kutayikira kapena kulephera kuchitika.
Kuyang'anira ndi Kuchepetsa Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide Yotsalira
Kutsatira malamulo kumafuna kuyang'aniridwa kosalekeza komanso kolondola kwambiri kwa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yotsalira mu kutulutsa kwa pulp ndi zinyalala za m'mbuyo. Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ndende nthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo mongaChoyezera kuchuluka kwa ma ultrasonic cha Lonnmeterndi zipangizo zamalonda zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ligand exchange amperometry zimathandiza kusanthula molondola mitundu ya cyanide yaulere ndi WAD cyanide mkati mwa mitsinje yagolide ya leachate.
Machitidwe awa amathandizira:
- Kuwongolera kwa cyanide yokha, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito reagent yochulukirapo komanso kuteteza magwiridwe antchito a golide.
- Kuphatikiza mwachindunji ndi njira zowonongera cyanide, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kayendetsedwe kabwino ka miyezo yotulutsira madzi ndi zilolezo zachilengedwe.
- Kutumiza deta patali kuti ntchito za migodi zigawidwe, kukulitsa kufalikira kwa malo ndi nthawi komanso kuyankha pa ntchito.
Kuyang'anira kosalekeza pa malire ozindikira mpaka 10 ppb kumalola ogwira ntchito kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo cha dziko ndi mayiko ena. Machitidwe odziyimira pawokha amachepetsa zolakwika zoyeserera pamanja, kufupikitsa maulendo obwerezabwereza deta, komanso amapereka nthawi yokwanira yowongolera pakusokonekera kwa njira.
Kuchepetsa Mapazi a Zachilengedwe Pamene Mukusunga Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Njira
Kulinganiza kubwezeretsa golide motsutsana ndi zotsatira za chilengedwe kumafuna zambiri kuposa kungoyang'anira nthawi zonse. Ukadaulo wapamwamba wobwezeretsanso cyanide umalola kuti cyanide igwiritsidwenso ntchito mkati mwa njira yochotsera golide, zomwe zimachepetsa mwachindunji zinyalala zapoizoni komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kusunga kuchuluka kwa golide komwe mukufuna. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito ndi miyezo yokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi.
Mofanana ndi zimenezi, malo osungira golide akuyesa kwambiri njira zina zochotsera golide ndi njira zochotsera golide zopanda cyanide, kuphatikizapo thiosulfate, glycine, kapena njira zina zachilengedwe zotetezera chilengedwe. Pamene cyanide ndi yosapeŵeka, kuyeza kuchuluka kwa golide wochotsera golide ndi kusanthula molondola kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching kumathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino reagent, kuchepetsa mlingo wofunikira komanso kuchepetsa poizoni wa tailings.
Njira zatsopano, monga kuchepetsa kuwotcha ndi kulekanitsa maginito pokonza mipata, zimachepetsa kudalira kwambiri cyanide ndipo zimathandiza kuti zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zibwezeretsedwe bwino kuchokera ku zinyalala. Njira zabwino zochitira malowa zimalimbikitsa kapangidwe kabwino ka malo, kutsatira malamulo, komanso kutenga nawo mbali anthu ammudzi kuti achepetse kutulutsa zinthu mwangozi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti migodi ikuyang'aniridwa moyenera komanso motsatira zoopsa.
Kafukufuku wochokera m'madera monga Kenya ndi Australia akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi nthawi zonse kumachepetsa kwambiri zoopsa zachilengedwe zokhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa cyanide, ngakhale pakakhala zovuta pamalamulo kapena ntchito.
Pomaliza, kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe pochotsa golide kuchokera ku cyanide kumafuna kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo wokhwima pakuchotsa poizoni kuchokera ku golide, kuyang'anira mosamala kuchuluka kwa golide, ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zamafakitale zoyendetsera ntchito ndi kuwongolera njira. Njira yophatikizana iyi imateteza chitetezo cha anthu onse komanso zachilengedwe pamene ikutsimikizira kuti golide abwezeretsedwa bwino.
Zatsopano mu Kuchotsa Golide Wopanda Cyanide
Njira zatsopano zochotsera golide popanda cyanide zikuchulukirachulukira pamene makampani opanga migodi akufunafuna njira zina zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika m'malo mwa njira yachikhalidwe yochotsera golide cyanide. Maukadaulo awa akuthana ndi nkhawa zazikulu zokhudza kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito, ndi zilolezo za anthu, pomwe akukankhira malire aukadaulo pakubwezeretsa golide.
Kutulutsa Thiosulfate
Kuchotsa golide kuchokera ku thiosulfate kwakhala njira yotsogola yopanda cyanide, zomwe zimathandiza kuti golide achotsedwe kuchokera ku miyala yolimba yomwe imalepheretsa kuchotsa golide kuchokera ku cyanide. Kuchuluka kwa golide komwe kumachotsedwa kumatha kufika pa 87% pa zinthu zovuta komanso zokhala ndi sulfide yambiri—makamaka pamene ma ayoni a ammonia ndi mkuwa alipo ngati ma catalyst. Zowonjezera, monga ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, zimawonjezera zokolola komanso kugwiritsa ntchito reagent pang'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama komanso kuwononga chilengedwe. Kuyika maginito kwa copper-ammonia-thiosulfate lixiviant kumawonjezeranso mphamvu ya leaching, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide achotsedwe pafupifupi 4.74% poyerekeza ndi machitidwe omwe si a maginito. Komabe, kubwezeretsanso kungakhale kochepa pa miyala ina iwiri yolimba yomwe golide imaphimbidwa kwambiri ndi mchere, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika kwa mineralology ya ore posankha njira.
Kuchotsa Glycine
Glycine—amino acid yachilengedwe, yomwe imatha kuwonongeka—imathandizanso ngati chotulutsira golide bwino. Njira zotulutsira golide zimapereka mwayi wosankha bwino komanso poizoni wochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa golide komwe kwalembedwa kumaposa 90% pa miyala ndi zinyalala zina zochepa zikawonjezeredwa ndi zowonjezera monga ma ayoni amkuwa ndi mankhwala oyambira. Ukadaulowu umadziwika chifukwa cha chitetezo chake chabwino komanso chiopsezo chochepa ku nthaka ndi madzi, poyerekeza ndi chotulutsira cha cyanide. Komabe, zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito, komanso zofunikira pakukonza bwino kwa ore, zitha kukhala zopinga zogwiritsa ntchito. Kafukufuku wamakampani ku Australia ndi Canada akuwonetsa kuthekera kwaukadaulo komanso zachuma, koma kuchita kumadalira kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching, kuyang'anira bwino njira, komanso kusinthasintha ku chakudya cha mgodi.
Kutulutsa kwa Chloride ndi Halogen
Njira zochotsera golide pogwiritsa ntchito chloride ndi ma halogen ena zimapereka njira zina zokhutiritsa za miyala yosasunthika komanso miyala yakale, zomwe zimayang'ana pazochitika zomwe kuchotsera golide kuchokera ku cyanide kumavutitsidwa ndi mineral encapsulation kapena malire olamulira. Kuchotsa golide ndi ma oxidant monga sodium hypochlorite ndi hydrochloric acid kungathandize kubwezeretsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yosasunthika ndi 40%. Njirazi zimagwira ntchito bwino pansi pa acidity ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi mankhwala okonzekera monga bio-oxidation kapena pressure oxidation kuti atsegule golide wosakhalapo m'mapangidwe oyambira a mchere. Mavuto ogwirira ntchito akuphatikizapo chitetezo cha reagent ndi kasamalidwe ka kukhazikika kwa mankhwala panthawi yonseyi. Kuwunika kwa moyo wonse kukuwonetsa kuthekera kochepa kwa kutentha kwa dziko poyerekeza ndi ma cyanide flowsheets achikhalidwe, komanso kukuwonetsa kufunikira kwa njira zogwirira ntchito zolimba.
Njira Zapamwamba Zogwiritsira Ntchito Reagent
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akuwonetsa zinthu zatsopano zomwe cholinga chake ndi kusankha, mwachangu, komanso moyenera kuchotsa golide. Machitidwe okhala ndi sodium cyanate, akapangidwa ndi sodium hydroxide ndi sodium ferrocyanide kutentha kwambiri, amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa leaching kwa 87.56% mu concentrates ndi kupitirira 90% mu e-waste recycling. Kuchita bwino ndi kusankha kumachitika chifukwa cha sodium isocyanate ngati mtundu wogwira ntchito. Njira ya CLEVR, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium hypochlorite kapena hypobromite mu dongosolo lotsekedwa, la acidic, imapeza golide woposa 95% mkati mwa maola ochepa, poyerekeza ndi maola opitilira 36 a cyanidation yakale. Njirayi imapanga zotsalira zopanda kanthu ndipo imachotsa kwathunthu zinyalala zoopsa ndi matope m'madambo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokopa malo omwe mankhwala ndi kutaya kwa cyanide leachate kumakhala kovuta.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a tandem omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hydroiodic acid m'malo mwake imapereka njira zina zowonjezerera kusungunuka kwa golide kuchokera ku zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka mitsinje ya zinyalala zamafakitale, ndi zinyalala zochepa za reagent komanso kuthekera kwachuma kukhala bwino. Njirazi zikuwonetsa kuti, ndi mikhalidwe yabwino komanso kuwongolera njira zenizeni—monga kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa cyanide komanso kuyeza kwapamwamba kwa leachate ya golide—njira zopanda cyanide zimatha kupikisana kapena kupitirira cyanide pakugwira ntchito bwino komanso chilengedwe.
Kusanthula Koyerekeza
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Njira:Njira zopanda cyanide monga thiosulfate yokhala ndi maginito ndi hypochlorite leaching zimakhala ndi kinetics yotulutsa ndi zokolola zomwe zikuyandikira, kapena m'magwiritsidwe ena kuposa, njira yotulutsira ya cyanide ya gold cyanide. Machitidwe a Glycine amaperekanso zokolola zopikisana pamitundu yosankhidwa.
Chitetezo:Njira zopanda cyanide zimachotsa zoopsa za poizoni zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu leachate yagolide. Malo ogwirira ntchito amakula, ndipo chiopsezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala chimachepa kwambiri. Komabe, chisamaliro ndi ma oxidants ndi halogens chimakhalabe chofunikira.
Zotsatira za Chilengedwe:Kuchotsa poizoni popanda cyanide kumabweretsa zinyalala zochepa zoopsa, kumathandiza kuti mankhwala ndi kutaya poizoni zikhale zosavuta, komanso kuchepetsa zotsatirapo zake pa madzi ndi nthaka. Kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili pa moyo wa munthu kumatsimikizira kusintha kwakukulu pa ma circuits a cyanide, ndi machitidwe otsekedwa komanso osakhala ndi poizoni ngati omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera golide kumadalira pa makhalidwe a miyala, kuwongolera zachilengedwe, komanso kukonzekera kugwira ntchito. Zipangizo zowunikira zapamwamba, monga Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter yoyezera cyanide, zimakhalabe zofunika kwambiri pa njira zonse zoyendetsera ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti njira yochotsera golide ikuyenda bwino—kaya pali cyanide kapena ayi—ndipo zimathandiza ntchito zolimba komanso zosinthika zochotsera golide.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi kufunika koyesa kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu njira yochotsera golide wa cyanide n'kotani?
Kuyeza molondola kuchuluka kwa cyanide yaulere ndikofunikira kuti njira yotulutsira golide ya cyanide igwire bwino ntchito. Cyanide yaulere imayimira gawo la mankhwala lomwe limapezeka popanga golide-cyanide complexes, zomwe zimathandiza kuti golide asungunuke kukhala yankho loti atulutse. Cyanide yaulere yosakwanira imatha kuletsa kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa golide, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zokolola; cyanide yochulukirapo imayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda pake komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe komanso mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito. Zowunikira pa intaneti zokha, mosiyana ndi kuyika kwa manja, zimapereka kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni komwe kumalola kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwa kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndikuthandizira kutsatira miyezo yokhwima yotulutsira. Machitidwewa amachepetsa zinyalala za mankhwala ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo cha ntchito, monga momwe zasonyezedwera m'maphunziro pomwe kuchuluka kwa cyanide yaulere pafupifupi 600 ppm kumawonjezera kubwezeretsedwa kwa golide ndi kuchepetsa katundu wokhudzana ndi chilengedwe.
Kodi kuchuluka kwa leachate kumakhudza bwanji ntchito yochotsa gold cyanide m'nthaka?
Kuchuluka kwa leachate (kapena pulp) kumakhudza mwachindunji kusamutsa, kusakaniza, komanso kupezeka kwa cyanide ndi mpweya kuti golide asungunuke. Kuchuluka koyendetsedwa bwino kumathandizira kuti tinthu ta golide tipezeke ku reagents ndikuwonjezera kayendedwe ka leaching. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa pulp kungawonjezere kuchira kwa golide mwa kuthandizira kugwedezeka ndi kukhudzana ndi reagent, pomwe kuchuluka kwakukulu kwambiri kumatha kusokoneza kusakaniza ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa pulp, pamodzi ndi zinthu monga pH ndi kutentha, kumatha kuwonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa golide ndikuchepetsa nthawi yotulutsa, makamaka kwa ores otsika. Kuyesa kwawonetsa kuti kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa chiŵerengero cha solid-to-liquid ndi mixed aid-leaching agents kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide pakati pomwe magwiridwe antchito amitundu ina ya ore.
Kodi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa pulp leaching ndi wotani?
Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter imalola kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka mu pulp komanso kuchulukana kwa madzi nthawi yomweyo. Kapangidwe kake ka clamp-on, kosakhala ka nyukiliya, kamapewa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi matope oopsa, kuchotsa zoopsa zotuluka mu pulp ndikuwonjezera chitetezo, makamaka m'malo owononga. Chipangizochi chimapereka kulondola kwa muyeso mkati mwa 0.3% ndipo chimagwirizana bwino ndi makina owongolera njira za PLC/DCS kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukonza kugwiritsa ntchito reagent ndikusintha mlingo nthawi yomweyo kuti asunge golide wokhazikika. Kapangidwe ka mitayi kopanda kukonza komanso zinthu zolimba, zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri zimagwirizana ndi minda yovuta komanso zimathandizira kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu ntchito kuyambira kuchotsedwa kwa golide wa cyanide mpaka kupanga magalasi amadzi, ndemanga ya Lonnmeter nthawi yeniyeni imawonjezera kukhazikika kwa njira, imachepetsa zinyalala, komanso imathandizira kutsatira malamulo.
Kodi kuchira kwa golide kungatheke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide?
Inde, njira zina zochotsera golide zopanda cyanide zilipo. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito thiosulfate, machitidwe a chloride, glycine, trichloroisocyanuric acid, ndi sodium cyanate reagents zasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa golide komwe nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 87–90%. Njirazi sizowopsa, zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso, komanso zimathandiza pa miyala ndi zinyalala zamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumadalira mineralology ya miyala, mtengo, zovuta za njira, ndi malamulo am'deralo. Kukhazikitsa kumasiyana: mapulojekiti ena, monga REVIVE SSMB, amasonyeza kukhazikika kwakukulu komanso kogwira mtima, pomwe ena amakumana ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso za anthu ammudzi. Ngakhale njira zopanda cyanide zimapereka ubwino wa chilengedwe ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima yachitetezo, kuthekera kwawo kokonza zinthu m'mafakitale kuyenera kuganizira mtengo wa reagent ndikugwirizana ndi zomangamanga zomwe zilipo.
N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa cyanide yotsala panthawi yochotsa golide ndi pambuyo pake?
Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa cyanide yotsala ndikofunikira kwambiri poteteza chilengedwe komanso chitetezo cha anthu. Cyanide yotsala mu leachate imabweretsa zoopsa zoopsa ndipo iyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti ikwaniritse malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi otulutsa. Njira monga kusungunuka kwa mankhwala, kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya apadera, kuyamwa kwa kaboni woyatsidwa, ndi photocatalysis zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zichepetse kuchuluka kwa cyanide madzi asanatuluke. Kuwongolera koyenera panthawi yochotsa golide kumawonjezera kubweza kwa golide ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yotsala, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa chithandizo chamankhwala. Kusatsatira malamulo kumabweretsa kuipitsidwa ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike paumoyo wa anthu oyandikana nawo ndi zachilengedwe. Kuyang'anira cyanide moyenera kumagwirizana ndi njira zabwino zogwirizanitsa phindu lazachuma ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe ndikuthandizira chilolezo cha anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-26-2025
