Chiyambi cha Njira Yokonzekera Malasha
Njira yokonzekera makala imakhala ndi njira zingapo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukweza malasha osaphika asanaperekedwe pamsika. Malasha amafika pamalowo osakanizidwa ndi zinthu zosafunikira monga miyala, phulusa, ndi sulfure. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuchotsa zinyalalazi, ndikupanga mankhwala amtengo wapatali komanso oyera omwe ndi oyenera kupanga magetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale.
Kusamalira ndi kukonzekera malashaNtchito za fakitale zimayamba ndi kusamalira malasha, komwe zinthu zimanyamulidwa, kusungidwa, ndi kukula. Njira zokonzekera malasha nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kufufuza, kuphwanya, kutsuka, ndi kulekanitsa. Gawo lililonse limayang'ana kwambiri zodetsa zinazake kapena limayang'ana kwambiri kukula kwake kuti liwongolere kukonza kwa pansi.
Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kukonza malasha ndi kulekanitsa malasha. Gawoli limagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthupi—makamaka kuchulukana—kusiyanitsa malasha ndi gangue. Gangue amatanthauza mchere wosakhala malasha womwe umasakanizidwa mu chakudya chosaphika, chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu ya ma calorie ndikuchepetsa kuipitsa. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuchotsa gangue pakukonza malasha kumadalira kwambiri kuwongolera bwino kuchulukana kwa malasha m'malo olekanitsira malasha.
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zotsuka malasha. Kusunga kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyimitsidwa bwino kumaonetsetsa kuti njira zolekanitsira zinthu, monga kulekanitsa zinthu zolemera, zimagwira ntchito bwino.mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa anthu pa intanetiKuchotsa malasha m'malo otayira malasha kumalola ogwira ntchito kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera njira yosungiramo zinthu, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa malasha oyera ndi zinyalala.
Kulekanitsa Kwambiri kwa Ma Media
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Ukadaulo wa malasha oyera ndi miyezo yopangira malasha oyera imafuna kutulutsa kogwirizana komanso kwapamwamba. Kuyang'anira kuchulukana kolondola kumabweretsa kulekanitsidwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malasha oyera azitulutsa bwino komanso kuti asatayike kwambiri magawo omwe amayaka. Njira yopezera mphamvu ya malasha ndi kapangidwe ka malo otsukira malasha zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi njira zoyezera kuchulukana kuti ziwongolere bwino.
Mawu ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zokonzekera malasha ndi awa:
- Gangue: Miyala ndi miyala yosayaka yosakanizidwa ndi malasha osaphika.
- Malasha oyera: Chogulitsacho chikachotsedwa bwino zinthu zodetsedwa, ndipo phulusa ndi sulfure zimachepa.
- Kulekanitsa malasha: Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa malasha ndi gangue kutengera mawonekedwe monga kuchulukana.
Njira zogwiritsira ntchito kukonza malasha tsopano zikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo malo osambira apakatikati, zotchingira, ndi njira zowongolera zokha. Kukonzekera bwino malasha kumatsimikizira kuti zomera zimagwira ntchito bwino, kutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe, komanso kuti zinthu zopangidwa ndi malasha zikuyenda bwino pamsika.
Zoyambira za Heavy Medium Suspension
Kuyimitsa kwapakati kolemera ndi maziko a njira yokonzekera malasha, zomwe zimathandiza kuti malasha asiyanitsidwe bwino ndi gangue ndi zinyalala zina. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala bwino zikamizidwa mumadzimadzi okhala ndi kuchuluka kwapakati.
Tanthauzo ndi Udindo mu Kulekanitsa Malasha
Mu malo osungira ndi kukonza malasha, chotsukira cha sing'anga cholemera ndi madzi osakaniza—nthawi zambiri madzi osakaniza ndi mchere wokhuthala bwino—chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matope ochulukirapo. Malasha osaphika amalowetsedwa mu chotsukira, komwe malasha otsika kwambiri amayandama, ndipo gangue imasinkhira kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kwa kuchuluka kumeneku kumapanga maziko a njira zolekanitsira malasha ndipo kumathandizira ukadaulo wamakono wa malasha oyera, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira ndikuwonjezera phindu la njira yopangira malasha oyera. Kulekanitsa sing'anga wokhuthala kumaonedwa ngati njira yofunika kwambiri yotsukira malasha, kukulitsa kubwezeretsa malasha amtengo wapatali kudzera mu njira zopangira malasha zopangidwa bwino.
Mitundu ya Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Zapakatikati
Kuyimitsidwa kwa MagnetiteNdi njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri yopangira zinthu zoyeretsera malasha. Magnetite, mchere wokhuthala komanso wopanda mankhwala, umaphwanyidwa bwino ndikuyikidwa m'madzi. Dothi lomwe limatuluka limapereka kuchuluka kosinthika, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 1.3 ndi 1.8 g/cm³, koyenera kulekanitsa bwino magawo osiyanasiyana a malasha ndikuchotsa gangue pokonza malasha. Kukhazikika ndi kubwezeretseka kwa magnetite kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira kwambiri pakupanga malo ochapira malasha, ndipo olekanitsa maginito amabwezeretsanso magnetite kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza.
Zida zina zofalitsira zinthu zagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadera, monga ferrosilicon, galena, kapena barite, ngakhale izi sizichitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri kapena zolepheretsa ntchito. Kusankha njira yofalitsira zinthu kumadalira zolinga za zomera, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu komwe kumafunika.
Kapangidwe Kathupi Kogwirizana ndi Magwiridwe Antchito
Kugwira ntchito kwa chomera chokonzekera kukonza makala kumadalira zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri za chipangizo choyimitsa cha sing'anga cholemera:
- Kuchulukana:Kuchuluka kwa cholumikizira (ρ) kumayendetsedwa bwino kuti athe kusiyanitsa mosankha. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amasunga ρ mkati mwa mtunda wopapatiza, wofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa malasha oyera ndi gangue. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwapakati kwa 1.5 g/cm³ kumalola malasha (kuchuluka ~1.2–1.5 g/cm³) kuyandama pamene akukana miyala yokhuthala.
- Kukhuthala:Kukhuthala kwa suspension kumakhudza kayendedwe ka kulekanitsa malasha. Kukhuthala kwakukulu kungalepheretse kuyenda kwa tinthu ndikuchepetsa kuuma kwa kulekanitsa, pomwe kukhuthala kochepa kumapangitsa kuti stratification ikhale yachangu komanso yothandiza.
- Kukhazikika:Kukhazikika kwapakati ndikofunikira kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhuthala tisamasuke mwachangu, zomwe zingasinthe kuchuluka kwa matope ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa. Kuwunika pafupipafupi, mothandizidwa ndi mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa malasha pa intaneti mongaLonnmeter, zimathandiza kusunga mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yoyimitsira.
- Kukula kwa Tinthu:Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tapakatikati timapereka kukhazikika kwakukulu koma zingakhale zovuta kuzibwezeretsa bwino. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhazikika mwachangu, zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera mosamala njira ndi kusankha zida pa ntchito za fakitale yokonza malasha.
Kusamala kwambiri pakuyang'anira zinthu zakuthupizi kumatanthauza kupambana kwa ntchito yokonza malasha komanso kudalirika kwa ntchito za fakitale yokonzekera malasha. Zipangizo zotsukira malasha, kuphatikizapo mphepo zamkuntho zokhuthala, malo osambira, ndi ma ng'oma, zimapangidwa kuti zisunge zinthu zapakatikati zomwe zimafunidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti njira zokonzekera malasha zikubwerezabwereza komanso zolimba.
Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi momwe chimphepo champhamvu chapakati chimagwirira ntchito: Chakudya cha malasha chimalowa mu chimphepo champhamvu, ndipo pansi pa mphamvu ya centrifugal, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timagawikana kutengera kuchuluka kwa magnetite suspension. Kusintha kuchuluka kwapakati, kukula kwa chimphepo champhamvu, ndi kuthamanga kwa chakudya kumalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana kukula kwa magawo olekanitsidwa (d₅₀), kusintha magwiridwe antchito oyeretsa malasha kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira pamsika kapena zomera.
Kudzera mu kusankha mwanzeru ndi kuwongolera malo olemera apakati, kutsuka ndi kukongoletsa malasha kumapeza ntchito yabwino kwambiri, kuthandizira ukadaulo wa malasha oyera komanso ntchito zokhazikika za zomera.
Kufunika kwa Kuyeza Kuchulukana Kolondola
Kusunga kuchulukana kolondola kwa kuyimitsidwa mu njira zokonzekera malasha ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti njira zolekanitsira malasha zikhale zogwira mtima komanso kuti malasha akhale oyera kwambiri. Kupatuka pang'ono—kokha 0.01 g/cm³—kungayambitse kutayika kwa zokolola za 1–3% ndipo kuchuluka kwa phulusa kumakwera kufika pa 0.5% mu mankhwala oyera a malasha. Kulondola pano kumatsimikizira malo odulidwa, omwe amafotokoza ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono timanena za malasha kapena mitsinje ya zinyalala. Chifukwa chake, kuyeza kolondola kwa kuchuluka kumakhudza mwachindunji momwe zinthu zosafunikira za gangue zimachotsedwera bwino panthawi yokonza malasha ndi ntchito zotsuka.
Kuwongolera kuchulukitsidwa kolondola kumachepetsa zolakwika zochotsa gangue pakukonza malasha, zomwe zimawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu. Pamene kuchulukitsidwa kwapakati kwayikidwa kwambiri, malasha ofunika amatha kutayidwa molakwika ngati zinyalala, zomwe zimachepetsa kupanga malasha oyera komanso kuchulukitsa zinyalala. Ngati kuchulukitsidwako kuli kochepa kwambiri, gangue yambiri imathera mu zinthu za malasha, kukweza phulusa ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa ukadaulo wa malasha oyera. Ntchito zokonzera malasha zokha zomwe zili ndi mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa malasha pa intaneti zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo otayika ndi 15-20%, kukonza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndikusunga mtundu wabwino wa zinthu.
Kuyang'anira bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu m'malo osungiramo malasha n'kofunikanso pa udindo wa chilengedwe pa ntchito yosamalira ndi kukonza malasha m'malo osungiramo malasha. Kuchepa kwa kuipitsidwa kwa gangue kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimafunika kusamalidwa ndi kutayidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zomwe zili pamalopo komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Zinthu zoyera kwambiri za malasha zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zoipitsa zichepe pambuyo poyatsidwa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zamakono zopangira malasha oyera. Kuchuluka kokhazikika kumathandizanso kuwongolera fumbi: pamene phulusa ndi zinyalala zalekanitsidwa bwino ndikuziyika m'mitsinje ya zinyalala, fumbi louluka panthawi yosamalira limachepa, zomwe zimachepetsa zoopsa kwa ogwira ntchito ndi madera ozungulira.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuwerengera pafupipafupi komanso kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa m'makina opangira malasha kumateteza kusinthasintha kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa madziwo kukhale kochepera ±0.005 g/cm³ kuchokera pamtengo womwe mukufuna. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumathandizira miyezo yonse ya kapangidwe ka makina ochapira malasha komanso kusintha kosalekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito a makala. Malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera zamagetsi amanena kuti phulusa lochepa nthawi zonse—0.3–0.6% poyerekeza ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira malasha pamanja.
Kuyeza kuchulukana kolondola ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kukolola bwino kwa malasha, kuchotsa bwino gangue pokonza malasha, komanso kuyang'anira bwino zachilengedwe panthawi yonse yokonzekera kukonza malasha. Udindo waukulu uwu ukugogomezera kufunika kwa njira zowunikira zapamwamba komanso njira zowunikira mosamala pa ntchito zokonzekera malasha bwino.
Njira Zoyezera Kuchulukana kwa Madzi mu Zomera Zokonzekera Malasha
Njira Zachikhalidwe
Kusankha zitsanzo ndi kusanthula kwa labotale kwakhala maziko a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito yokonzekera malasha. Mu njira izi, wogwiritsa ntchito amasonkhanitsa chitsanzo cha matope apakati kapena malasha nthawi zina kuchokera pamalo enaake mu dongosololi. Zitsanzo zimanyamulidwa kupita ku labotale yomwe ili pamalopo kuti zidziwike kuchuluka kwa madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira za hydrometer kapena gravimetric.
Njira ya hydrometer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa mwachangu. Chitsanzo cha suspension chimathiridwa mu silinda yolinganizidwa, ndipo hydrometer imamizidwa pang'onopang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa relative kumawerengedwa pa meniscus yamadzimadzi, nthawi zambiri kumafuna kukonza kutentha kuti kukhale kolondola. Njirayi ndi yachangu koma imakhala ndi mavuto angapo: zolimba zazing'ono, thovu, kapena kusawoneka bwino m'zitsanzo zamatope zitha kusokoneza zotsatira. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yosiyana kwambiri; kuwerenga kumatha kusinthasintha kutengera momwe hydrometer imayandama bwino kapena ngati silindayo sinayikidwe pamalo osalala. Ma Hydrometer nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kulondola kwa mayunitsi a ±0.005 mpaka ±0.01, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuziwunika mwachangu koma osati kuziwongolera mwamphamvu, makamaka pankhani ya suspensions zokhuthala kwambiri kapena zodzaza bwino. Zoletsa izi zimatha kukhudza njira zolekanitsira malasha ndi njira yonse yopangira malasha oyera ngati sizikudziwika.
Njira yoyezera (gravimetric) imagwiritsa ntchito pycnometer kapena chotengera chofanana nacho. Chotengeracho chimadzazidwa mosamala ndi choyimitsacho ndikuyesedwa pamlingo wowunikira. Wofufuzayo amachotsa kulemera kwa chotengera chopanda kanthu ndikugawa ndi kuchuluka kwa chotengeracho kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwake. Njirayi ikachitidwa mosamala, imapeza kulondola kwakukulu (± 0.001 units), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pakutsimikizira njira ndi kafukufuku waukadaulo wa malasha oyera. Komabe, imakhala yocheperako ndipo imayambitsa mwayi wolakwitsa - thovu la mpweya, kusagwirizana kwa kutentha, ndi kudzaza kosakwanira kungasinthe zotsatira. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imafuna kuyesedwa mosamala kwa zida zoyezera, ndipo kuyenera kutsatiridwa pogwira ntchito kuti tipewe malingaliro olakwika okhudza njira yophikira malasha.
Mayankho a Meter ya Density Meter ya Nthawi Yeniyeni
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonzekera malasha amakono amadalira kwambiri njira zoyezera kuchuluka kwa malasha pa intaneti kuti ayang'anire momwe makina okonzekera malasha amagwirira ntchito. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya zipangizozi imaphatikizapo kuyeza kosalekeza komanso nthawi yeniyeni kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka—nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa microwave, ultrasound, kapena nyukiliya. Mwachitsanzo, makina oyezera kuchuluka kwa malasha pa intaneti a Lonnmeter amagwiritsa ntchito masensa amagetsi omwe amaikidwa mwachindunji mu mzere wa slurry wa malasha. Zipangizozi zimatulutsa zizindikiro kudzera mu slurry ndikuyeza momwe zimasinthidwira ndi kukhalapo ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwerengera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa slurry.
Kuphatikizidwa mu njira zazikulu zokonzekera malasha ndikosavuta: mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu pa intaneti imayika deta mosalekeza mu makina owongolera zomera. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolemera zomwe zili m'ziwiya zolekanitsa kapena kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa magnetite kapena ferrosilicon nthawi yeniyeni. Ndi ma feedback loops odziyimira pawokha, chomeracho chimatha kusintha kuwonjezera kwapakati, kusungunuka kwa madzi, kapena malo olekanitsa nthawi yomweyo—kuchepetsa kulowerera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuchepetsa kudalira zitsanzo zamanja.
Ubwino wa makina oyezera kuchuluka kwa magetsi pa intaneti ndi waukulu. Kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni kumatsimikizira kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa kulekanitsa kwapakati kokhuthala, gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira zopangira malasha. Kuzindikira msanga kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa magetsi kumathandiza kupewa kutayika kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali kapena kuwonjezeka kwa zinyalala, kusunga mtundu wa zinthu ndi zokolola. Ndi deta yopitilira, ntchito za fakitale yokonzekera malasha zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri, kuthandizira zolinga zaukadaulo wa malasha oyera komanso kukonza kudalirika kwa njira.
Zipangizo monga Lonnmetermita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa anthu pa intanetiyawonetsa kuti imagwira ntchito bwino pakusunga kuchulukana kwa kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika komanso kudalirika kwa njira zogwirira ntchito—zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukonza njira yotsukira malasha ndi kuchotsa gangue pakukonza malasha. Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe, machitidwe apaintaneti amachotsa kuchedwa kwa zitsanzo, amachepetsa zolakwika za anthu, komanso amapereka deta yochuluka. Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokha kumathandizanso kuyankha mwachangu ku zolakwika, kuthandizira kuwongolera kwambiri njira yokonzekera kukonza malo ogwiritsira ntchito malasha ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito opangira malo otsukira malasha.
Ngakhale kuti kusanthula kwa ma labotale ndi kusanthula kwa ma labotale kukadali kofunikira pakuyesa ndi kuthetsa mavuto, kusintha kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa malasha pa intaneti kukuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pazida zokonzera malasha komanso ntchito zamakono zokonzera malasha.
Zipangizo ndi Ukadaulo Wofunika Pakusamalira ndi Kukonza Malasha
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonzekera malasha amakono amadalira zida zapadera komanso ukadaulo wophatikizidwa kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito yokonza malasha. Kuphwanya, kuwunikira, kutsuka, ndi kuchulukira kwa malasha moyenera kumathandizira njira yokonzekera malasha ndipo kumakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa malasha oyera komanso kuchotsa gangue moyenera pakukonza malasha.
Zotsukira, Zophimba, ndi Ma Circuit Otsuka
Zotsukira malasha ndizofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa kukula kwa malasha. Zotsukira malasha zapamwamba, monga zotsukira, zimagawa malasha oyendetsedwa ndi mgodi m'magawo olondola asanatsukidwe. Zotsukira zimagwiritsa ntchito mipukutu yosiyana, kulinganiza liwiro la mipukutu ndi kuyenda kwa malasha kuti achepetse kuphwanya kosafunikira. Njirayi imachepetsa kupanga ndalama, zomwe zingalepheretse kulekanitsidwa kwa madzi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchira. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wamakono wokulitsa umachepetsa kubwerezabwereza kwa madzi mkati mwa gawo lotsukira, kupereka tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofanana kwambiri tomwe timayenera kulekanitsidwa ndi mabwalo otsukira malasha ndi makina ozungulira okhuthala.
Zophimba zimatsatira gawo lophwanyidwa, ndikusankha malasha m'zigawo zoyenera za ma circuit ochapira. Kuwunika bwino kumaonetsetsa kuti ma circuit ochapira, monga ma ng'oma apakatikati olemera ndi ma cyclone ogawa, amalandira chakudya chokwanira. Ma circuit amenewa amadalira kugawa kwa tinthu tomwe timapangidwa kuchokera kumtunda. Kuwunika koyenera kumathandizira njira zogwirira ntchito zolekanitsa malasha komanso kubwezeretsa zinthu zoyera.
Ma circuit ochapira, kuphatikizapo malo osambira okhala ndi mipata yokwanira komanso ma cyclone, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakutsuka malasha. Machitidwewa amagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa kuchulukana pakati pa malasha ndi gangue, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kusiyana kolondola. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa njira zopangira malasha izi kumadalira kukula kwa chakudya komanso kukhazikika kwa kuchulukana kwapakati, zonse zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa kudzera mu crusher yoyenera komanso kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pazenera.
Zipangizo Zowongolera Dera Lapakati ndi Kuchulukana
Kusunga kuchulukana kwapakati pa malo ochapira n'kofunika kwambiri kuti malasha asiyanitsidwe bwino. Zipangizo zowongolera kuchulukana monga mabenchi ochulukirachulukira, ma gauge ochulukirachulukira, ndi ma metre ochulukirachulukira a malasha nthawi zonse amawunika ndikusintha kuchulukana kwa sing'anga nthawi yeniyeni. Lonnmeter, mita yochulukirachulukira ya malasha pa intaneti, ikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku, kupereka mayankho mwachangu kuti asunge kuchulukana kwapakati mkati mwa zolekerera zochepa. Mlingo uwu wowongolera umakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa malonda ndi magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa, kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito deta yogwira ntchito kuti asunge magwiridwe antchito okhazikika mkati mwa njira yokonzekera kukonza malasha.
Ma valve olekanitsa ndi ma valve osinthira kayendedwe ka madzi amawongolera kayendedwe ka madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuyang'anira bwino kuwonjezera, kubwezeretsa, ndi kugawa kwapakati. Zinthu zowongolera izi zimaonetsetsa kuti njira zolekanitsira zinthu zikukhalabe zofanana, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu ndikuthandizira njira yopangira malasha oyera.
Masensa, Ma Vavu, ndi Machitidwe Olamulira Okha
Masensa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zamakono zokonzekera malasha. Amayang'anira zinthu zofunika monga kuchuluka kwa matope, kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ndi kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mu njira yonse yopangira malasha. Mitsinje iyi ya deta imapereka chidziwitso chothandiza pakusintha kwa manja ndi makina kuti zinthu zikhazikike.
Makina owongolera okha amaphatikiza deta ya masensa, malo oika ma valavu, ndi mayankho a zida kuti akonze bwino momwe zinthu zimasiyanirana. Makina amakono amasintha kuchuluka kwa madzi, kusamalira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi othamanga, ndikuyendetsa bwino kayendedwe ka madzi, kuchepetsa njira zoyendetsera ntchito ndi manja. Kuwongolera okha kumawonjezera mphamvu ya zomera, kukolola zinthu, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino pamene amachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito kudzera mu kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili komanso zidziwitso zosamalira.
Ma valve, oyendetsedwa ndi makina odziyimira pawokha, amakhala ndi ulamuliro wodalirika komanso wosinthika pa kayendedwe ka madzi onse—kutumiza malasha osaphika, kuyenda kwa madzi pang'ono, komanso kuwonjezera madzi. Njira yonseyi imatsimikizira kuti ntchito iliyonse—kuphwanya, kuyeretsa, kutsuka—imagwira ntchito mogwirizana, kuthandizira kapangidwe kapamwamba ka malo ochapira malasha komanso kukonza bwino zida za malo ochapira malasha.
Kapangidwe ka fakitale yamakono kamathandizira kulekanitsa malasha ndi kuchepetsa fumbi, kuonetsetsa kuti pakhala zokolola zambiri komanso miyezo yabwino yotetezera nthawi yonse yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonza malasha.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchulukana kwa Kuyimitsidwa Kwapakati Kwambiri
Zipangizo zolumikizira zamagetsi zokhuthala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale okonzekera malasha kuti zilekanitse malasha ndi gangue, kuwongolera ubwino wa zinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa kubweza. Kuchuluka kwa zolumikizira izi kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika:
Kugawa kwa Tinthu ta Makala ndi Gangue Kukula kwa Tinthu
Kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono (PSD) kwa magnetite kapena ferrosilicon kumapanga mwachindunji kukhazikika ndi kuchulukana kwa kuyimitsidwa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono, makamaka tomwe tili pansi pa ma microns 10, timawonjezera kukhazikika kwa kuyimitsidwa mwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika ndikulimbikitsa kuyanjana kwa colloidal. Izi zimaonetsetsa kuti cholumikiziracho chimasunga kuchulukana kofanana panthawi yolekanitsa pakukonza malasha. Komabe, kuyimitsidwa komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi zingwe kumatha kukhala kolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupopera ndi kuyendayenda zikhale zovuta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zinthu zokhuthala kwambiri zimakhazikika mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugawikana kwa kachulukidwe kake komanso kulekanitsa malasha kosagwira ntchito bwino. PSD yabwino kwambiri imafuna kusakaniza mosamala, nthawi zambiri kuyang'aniridwa ndikusinthidwa nthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera monga zoyezera kuchuluka kwa magesi pa intaneti za slurry ya malasha, monga Lonnmeter, zomwe zimathandiza ntchito za fakitale yokonzekera malasha ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
Kapangidwe ka Pakati ndi Rheology
Kapangidwe ka mchere wa sing'anga—nthawi zambiri magnetite kapena ferrosilicon—kawirikawiri kamatsimikizira kuchulukana ndi khalidwe la rheological. Kupezeka kwa zindapusa kumawonjezera kukhuthala ndi kupsinjika kwa zokolola, zomwe zingavutitse kugwirira ntchito ndi kufalikira kwa magazi. Ngati zindapusa zochepa kwambiri zilipo, kuchulukana kumatsika, ndipo sing'anga yambiri iyenera kuwonjezeredwa, zomwe zimakhudza ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kuyesa kwa rheological m'zaka zaposachedwa kukuwonetsa kuti PSD yoyenera (yomwe ili ndi gawo laling'ono la zindapusa za sub-10 micron) imalinganiza kuchulukana ndi kukhuthala koyendetsedwa, kuonetsetsa kuti njira yotsuka malasha ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuthandizira njira zopangira malasha oyera. Zomera zimasintha kapangidwe ka sing'anga mosinthasintha kuti zikwaniritse kuchuluka komwe mukufuna, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 1.3 ndi 1.5 g/cm³ pamakina ambiri oyendetsera ndi kukonza makala.
Magawo Ogwirira Ntchito Zamasamba
Ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyimitsidwa pakati. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumawongolera kuchuluka ndi kufalikira kwa magawo olimba ndi amadzimadzi kulowa m'magawo olekanitsa. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyimitsidwa pakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu kusinthe ngati sikulipidwa. Kusinthasintha ndikofunikira kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisungidwe ndikuletsa kukhazikika, koma kusinthasintha kwakukulu kungapangitse kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisakhale tolimba komanso kuti tilepheretse njira zolekanitsira malasha. Kutentha kumakhudza kukhuthala kwa kukhuthala ndi kukhazikika kwa kukhazikika; kutentha kotentha nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kukhuthala, koma ngati kutentha kumapitirira malire abwino, kumatha kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwapakati kapena kusasinthasintha, kusokoneza njira yophikira malasha. Oyang'anira mafakitale amaphatikiza magawo awa mu maphikidwe ogwiritsira ntchito, kuwasintha kuti asunge kuchuluka kwabwino kwa zinthu zoyimitsidwa kuti zichotsedwe mu kukonza malasha.
Zotsatira za Kufalikira kwa Fumbi pa Thanzi la Ogwira Ntchito
Kugwira ndi kufalikira kwa zinthu zolemera za sing'anga kumapangitsa kuti fumbi lifalikire, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito magnetite kapena ferrosilicon. Kuchuluka kwa fumbi kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwakukulu, kusalinganika bwino kwa PSD, kapena kugwira ntchito mouma kwambiri. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayenda m'mlengalenga timayambitsa ngozi zopuma kwa ogwira ntchito m'malo opangira zida zamakala. Mapangidwe a mafakitale tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino zopumira mpweya komanso zosonkhanitsira fumbi kuti achepetse kufalikira kwa fumbi panthawi yokonzekera makina opangira malasha. Zida zowunikira molunjika, monga Lonnmeter, zingathandize kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa fumbi mwa kuyendetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito manja. Kuyang'anira bwino zoopsa za fumbi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono wa malasha oyera.
Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ya zomera imakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwapakati ndi fumbi, zomwe zimagogomezera kufunika kolamulira bwino mbali zonse zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu zoyimitsira pakati. Njira zogwirira ntchito bwino za malasha zimadalira njira yogwirizana, kulinganiza PSD, kapangidwe kapakati, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito kuti malasha akhale oyera komanso malo ogwirira ntchito otetezeka.
Kukonzekera kwa Malasha
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Njira Zokonzera Bwino Njira Yokonzekera Malasha
Kusunga Kuchuluka Kokhazikika kwa Kuyimitsidwa
Kusunga kuchuluka kwapakati kolimba ndikofunikira kuti malasha alekanitsidwe bwino mufakitale iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonzekera malasha. Machitidwe oyankha ndi omwe amapanga maziko a njira yodziyimira yokha. Mamita owerengera kuchuluka kwa malasha pa intaneti, monga omwe amapangidwa ndi Lonnmeter, amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a nthawi yeniyeni monga magauge a nuclear density, ma vibrating tube densimeters, ndi masensa a ultrasonic kuti apereke mawerengedwe opitilira a kuchuluka kwa kuimitsidwa. Masensawa amaphatikizidwa ndi machitidwe owongolera njira, zomwe zimayambitsa zochita zoyankha ngati kuchuluka komwe kumayesedwa kwasiyana ndi zomwe zakonzedweratu. Mwachitsanzo, makinawa amatha kulamulira magnetite kapena kuwonjezera madzi, kuonetsetsa kuti njirayo imakhala mkati mwa zenera labwino kwambiri la njira yotsukira malasha.
Kusintha kogwira ntchito kumaphatikizapo ma valve ndi mapampu odziyimira pawokha kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa madzi okhuthala komanso madzi osungunuka kapena magnetite slurry. Zochita izi zimayendetsedwa ndi deta yochokera pa intaneti yoyezera kuchuluka kwa malasha, yomwe imayang'anira nthawi zonse kusintha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira yokonzekera malasha ikupitirirabe mkati mwa kuchuluka komwe kukufunika. Ma alarm amatumizidwa ngati kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa malasha kukuphwanya malire ovomerezeka, kuchenjeza ogwira ntchito za kusokonekera kwa njira kapena kuipitsidwa kwa masensa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akonze mwachangu.
Malangizo a ogwiritsa ntchito amathandizira pa ntchito yodziyimira pawokha, kugogomezera kuyang'anira mosamala mawonetsedwe a kuchulukana kwa zinthu, kukonza masensa nthawi zonse, komanso kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu monga kuwerenga kosasinthasintha, ma alamu osalekeza, kapena kusagwirizana komwe kumawonekera mumsewu wazinthu. Njira zothanirana ndi mavuto pang'onopang'ono zimaphatikizapo: kutsimikizira kulinganiza kwa sensa; kuyang'ana ngati pali zotsekeka kapena kutuluka kwa madzi m'mizere yotumizira yapakatikati; kuwunikanso zosintha zaposachedwa kapena kusintha kwa malo; ndikupeza chomwe chayambitsa kusokonekera, monga katundu wosayembekezereka wa chakudya cha malasha kapena kulephera kwa zida. Kusanthula kwazomwe zikuchitika nthawi zonse ndi kulemba deta kumathandizira kukhathamiritsa kosalekeza komanso kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda m'malo opangira malasha.
Kupititsa patsogolo Kugawanitsa Malasha Mwachangu
Njira zolekanitsira malasha zimadalira kusintha kuchuluka kwa malo olemera kuti pakhale malire enieni pakati pa malasha ndi gangue. Kukhazikitsa kuchuluka koyenera kwa malo ocheperako ndikofunikira: kuchuluka kosakwanira kumabweretsa kuchotsedwa kwa gangue kosagwira ntchito bwino pokonza malasha, kuchepetsa ubwino wa malasha oyera; kuchuluka kwambiri kumayambitsa kutayika kwa zinthu zoyaka kupita ku ming'alu, kuchepetsa zokolola ndikuwonjezera zinyalala za zinthu. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kusintha kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu kutengera kusanthula pafupipafupi kwa makhalidwe a chakudya ndi zomwe akufuna.
Kuwongolera njira zogwirira ntchito pa intaneti kumalola kusintha kosalekeza kuti pakhale malo olekanitsira, kukulitsa kupanga malasha oyera komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa phulusa. Mwachitsanzo, mu njira yopangira malasha, kuchuluka kwapakati kwa 1.35–1.50 g/cm³ ndi kofala polekanitsa malasha abwino kwambiri ndi zinyalala zokhuthala kwambiri. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa labotale kumatsimikizira kulondola kwa machitidwe apaintaneti ndikuthandizira kusunga mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kuchuluka kwenikweni ndi komwe kukuyang'aniridwa, kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa malasha oyera nthawi zonse.
Njira yokonzekera bwino malo okonzera malasha imafunanso kuti ogwira ntchito ayankhe mwachangu kusintha kwa mtundu wa chakudya. Ngati malasha omwe akubwera amasiyana mu kuchulukana kapena kukula, kubwezeretsanso nthawi yomweyo kwa malo oimikapo mphamvu kumathandizira kuti pakhale kusiyana. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumathandiza kuti kapangidwe ka malo ochapira malasha kagwirizane ndi kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ya mgodi, kuchepetsa kunyamula kwa gangue mosadziwa ndikuwonjezera kuchira ndi kuyera kwa chinthu chomaliza.
Njira Zochepetsera Fumbi
Kulamulira fumbi moyenera n'kofunika kwambiri kuti ntchito zokonzekera malasha zikhale zotetezeka komanso zogwirizana. Machitidwe oletsa fumbi lonyowa ndi ofunikira kwambiri m'maofesi otumizira ndi malo osamutsira, komwe mipiringidzo yamadzi kapena zida zoyeretsera zimasunga fumbi lochepa mumlengalenga. Njira zoyeretsera malasha oyera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikiza kuletsa fumbi ndi kasamalidwe ka kuchuluka kwapakati, podziwa kuti kuwongolera kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumachepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kupanga fumbi loyambitsidwa ndi agitator panthawi yokonza ndi kusamutsa. Kukhazikika kwapakati kumatanthauza kupopera pang'ono komanso kulowetsa pang'ono kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'mlengalenga.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchulukana kwapakati komwe kumayendetsedwa bwino kumalepheretsa kuchulukana kwa zinthu zolimba kwambiri, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi, zoopsa zotayikira, komanso kupanga fumbi - makamaka zofunika kwambiri pazida zokonzera malasha zomwe zili mkati. Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ali ndi udindo wotsimikizira nthawi zonse kuti fumbi ndi lolimba ndipo ayenera kuthana ndi kutayikira kwa madzi, kutsekeka kwa nozzle yopopera, kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kuchulukana komwe kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha fumbi. Kuchita bwino kumafuna kuwunikanso nthawi ndi nthawi malo owongolera kuchulukana ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuletsa fumbi, kuonetsetsa kuti antchito, zida, ndi chilengedwe zimatetezedwa nthawi zonse.
Kusunga kuchuluka kwa malasha otayidwa bwino, kulekanitsa malasha molondola, komanso kuletsa fumbi mwamphamvu kumathandizira njira zokonzekera bwino, zotetezeka, komanso zapamwamba zogwiritsira ntchito malasha. Njira zokonzekera malasha izi, zothandizidwa ndi kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa malasha pa intaneti komanso njira zoyendetsera bwino ntchito, zimapangitsa maziko a kupanga malasha oyera amakono.
Zoganizira za Chilengedwe ndi Chitetezo
Kuyang'anira bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina okonzera malasha kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapakati kumatsimikiza momwe zinthuzo zimagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopyapyala, monga fumbi la malasha kapena tinthu ta gangue, zomwe zimamatira ku malasha mutatsuka. Ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapakati sikukonzedwa bwino, zinthu zotsalira zopyapyala zimatha kutuluka panthawi yotsuka kapena yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fumbi lizituluka kwambiri panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula.
Fumbi lotulutsa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa fakitale iliyonse yosamalira ndi kukonza malasha. Njira zopangira malasha monga kulekanitsa pakati, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zimathandiza kupanga malo oyera a malasha okhala ndi zingwe zochepa zomangiriridwa. Ukadaulo wa malasha oyerawu umalola kuti fumbi lochepa litulutsidwe mumlengalenga malasha akagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake mu unyolo wa njira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kutsuka pambuyo polekanitsa sikukwanira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kosakwanira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kukhalabe tomamatirira ku malasha. Zingwe izi pambuyo pake zimauluka mumlengalenga panthawi yotumiza kapena kusungira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti PM10 ndi PM2.5 zikhale zapamwamba, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimawononga thanzi la kupuma ndikuwononga mpweya wozungulira.
Kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa mpweya ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito kungatheke kudzera mu kuchepetsa fumbi mwadongosolo komwe kumagwirizana ndi njira yophikira malasha. Kuchepetsa kunyowa kumaonedwa kuti ndi kothandiza kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kapena ma surfactants apadera panthawi yopatukana ndi pakati. Njira imeneyi imaletsa fumbi louluka mwa kugwira tinthu tating'onoting'ono pamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonyowetsa pamalo osamutsira ndi kusungirako kumachepetsa kwambiri kusamuka kwa fumbi. Kapangidwe ka malasha osungidwa kumakhudzanso mpweya woipa: milu yathyathyathya pamwamba, poyerekeza ndi yozungulira, imapanga fumbi lochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphepo ndi kugwedezeka pamwamba pa mulu.
Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi pa intaneti poyezera madzi a malasha (monga ochokera ku Lonnmeter), zimathandiza kuyang'anira ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amayikidwa nthawi yeniyeni. Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera bwino njira zogwirira ntchito panthawi yokonzekera malo opangira malasha ndipo zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera fumbi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi magawo a njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa.
Kuti zinthu zitsatire miyezo ya chilengedwe, pali malingaliro angapo omwe akubwera:
- Kuyang'anira nthawi zonse ndi kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka chapakati panthawi yonse yopangira malo ochapira malasha kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka bwino kukusungidwa bwino kuti chilekanitse bwino komanso kuti chisasungidwe bwino.
- Kuchotsa fumbi mokwanira pamalo onse ofunikira, makamaka polekanitsa malasha, kutsuka, ndi malo osamutsira zinthu, ndipo kumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonyowetsa. Ngati mankhwala oletsa fumbi agwiritsidwa ntchito, sankhani mankhwala ophera fumbi omwe atsimikiziridwa kuti ndi otetezeka kwa ogwira ntchito komanso chilengedwe.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira mpweya nthawi yeniyeni m'malo ogwirira ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'malo ogwirira ntchito sikupitirira malire a kukhudzidwa ndi ntchito.
- Kukhazikitsa malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo olamulidwa olowera pafupi ndi malo omwe fumbi limatulutsa kwambiri kuti achepetse kufalikira kwa ogwira ntchito komanso kusamuka kwina.
- Onetsetsani kuti ntchito za fakitale ndi zida zokonzera malasha zikutsatira malamulo okhudza utsi woipa komanso chitetezo cha malo ogwirira ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuphatikiza mphamvu zowongolera fumbi mu njira yokonzekera makina ogwiritsira ntchito malasha ndikuchita kafukufuku wokhudza chilengedwe nthawi zonse.
Kutsatira njira zimenezi kumatsimikizira kuti kukonza malasha n’kotetezeka komanso koyenera chilengedwe, kuthandizira mwachindunji njira zopangira malasha oyera komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito a zomera komanso miyezo yaumoyo wa ogwira ntchito.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Kodi ntchito yoyezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi yotani pakukonzekera kwa fakitale yopangira malasha?
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa malasha kumagwira ntchito ngati gawo lolamulira pakati pa ntchito yokonzekera malasha. Kumazindikira momwe kulekanitsa kwa sing'anga yolemera kumagwirira ntchito—njira yomwe imadalira kuchuluka kolondola kwa choyimitsira, nthawi zambiri magnetite ndi madzi, kuti ilekanitse malasha oyera ndi gangue. Kusunga kuchuluka koyenera kwa sing'anga kumaonetsetsa kuti malasha akuyandama pomwe zinyalala monga miyala ndi shale sink, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa malasha oyera komanso kuchotsa gangue bwino. Ngakhale kusiyana pang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa malasha kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso kwa malasha ndikuwonjezera kuipitsidwa, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa zinthu komanso chuma chogwirira ntchito pakutsuka malasha komanso njira yopezera malasha.
Kodi mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa malasha pa intaneti imathandiza bwanji kukonza malasha?
Chida choyezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu pa intaneti, monga zitsanzo zomwe zaperekedwa ndi Lonnmeter, chimalola kuyang'anira nthawi zonse, nthawi yeniyeni, zinthu zolemera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo ochapira malasha. Ndi mayankho achangu, ogwira ntchito amatha kusintha kayendedwe ka ntchito, kusunga kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolemera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malasha oyera apangidwa bwino. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha kusanthula ndi manja komanso zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusokonekera kwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yoyeretsa ikhale yabwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso njira yopangira malasha oyera nthawi zonse. Makina owongolera odziyimira pawokha otsekedwa amagwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku ma mita olemera pa intaneti kuti azitha kuyang'anira kuwonjezera kwa maginito ndi kuyenda kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yokhazikika.
Kodi gangue ndi chiyani ndipo imagawidwa bwanji m'mafakitale okonzekera kukonza malasha?
Gangue amafotokoza za mchere wosakhala wa malasha ndi zinthu zosafunika—monga miyala, shale, ndi dongo—zomwe zimakumbidwa pamodzi ndi malasha. Pokonzekera kukonza makina opangira malasha, gangue imalekanitsidwa ndi malasha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera kukhuthala. Choyimitsa chapakati cholemera chimagwira ntchito ngati cholekanitsa: malasha, okhala ndi kukhuthala kochepa, amayandama, pomwe gangue wokhuthala kwambiri amamira. Kulekanitsa kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi kukhuthala kwapakati kolamulidwa bwino ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo wa malasha oyera komanso kukulitsa ubwino wa zinthu.
N’chifukwa chiyani kupondereza fumbi n’kofunika kwambiri m’mafakitale osamalira ndi kukonza malasha?
Kuchotsa fumbi ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi, chilengedwe, ndi zida pa ntchito zosamalira ndi kukonza malasha m'mafakitale. Fumbi la malasha likhoza kubweretsa mavuto opuma kwa ogwira ntchito, kuchepetsa kuwoneka bwino, komanso kuwononga zida kudzera mu kusweka ndi kutsekeka. Kuwongolera fumbi kogwira mtima—kuphatikizapo njira zonyowa zochepetsera fumbi m'mafakitale operekera malasha—kumachepetsa fumbi louluka, kumawonjezera chitetezo kuntchito, komanso kumawonjezera nthawi ya zida. Oyang'anira mafakitale nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza zopopera madzi zokha ndi zida zotulutsira fumbi ngati gawo la njira zokonzekera malasha.
Ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera malasha poyesa ndikuwongolera kuchulukana kwapakati?
Zipangizo zofunika kwambiri poyezera ndi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi izi:
- Mamita ochulukirachulukira pa intaneti a slurry ya malasha, mongaZida za Lonnmeter, kupereka deta yeniyeni.
- Ma Hydrometers kuti atsimikizire nthawi ndi nthawi.
- Zotsukira ndi zotchingira zochepetsera kukula ndi kugawa.
- Ma circuit ochapira kuphatikizapo chimphepo champhamvu chapakati ndi bafa, kuti alekanitse madzi pogwiritsa ntchito kuchulukana kwa madzi.
- Makina owongolera okha omwe amasintha kapangidwe ka sing'anga kutengera kuwerengera kwa kachulukidwe.
Makina ndi zipangizo zophatikizika izi zimaonetsetsa kuti ntchito yokhazikika, kuyang'ana mozama kuchuluka kwa zinthu, komanso kuchotsa bwino gangue mu zipangizo zopangira malasha ndi njira yopangira malasha. Mwachitsanzo, ma density meters apaintaneti amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi ma control panels kuti azitha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa ma magnetite ndikusunga malo okhazikika a density, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira zolekanitsira malasha zikhale bwino komanso kuti malasha azituluka bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-02-2025
