Kuyang'anira bwino madzi osweka ndikofunika kwambiri pakukweza kutulutsa methane yokhala ndi malasha. Kuyeza kukhuthala kwa nthawi yeniyeni kumathetsa mavutowa mwa kupereka mayankho mwachangu pa rheology ya madzi osweka panthawi yogwira ntchito. Malo osungiramo madzi osweka (CBM), omwe amadziwika ndi kutsika kwa madzi ndi kapangidwe kake kovuta, amafuna kuwongolera kolondola kwa mphamvu ya madzi osweka kuti akwaniritse bwino kusweka kwa hydraulic komanso kubwezeretsa methane bwino.
Mavuto ogwirira ntchito akupitirirabe, makamaka kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira, kusweka kwa madzi osagwira ntchito bwino, komanso kutayika kwa methane kosakwanira. Kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira kumapangitsa kuti zotsalira za polima zisungidwe m'makala a malasha, zomwe zimalepheretsa kwambiri kuyenda kwa methane ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsedwa. Kusayenda bwino kwa madzi osagwira ntchito kumawonjezera kuwonongeka kwa kulowa kwa madzi, kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kutulutsa ndi kukulitsa nthawi yoyeretsa zitsime. Zopinga izi pamodzi zimachepetsa kupanga gasi ndikuwonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Kumvetsetsa Kutulutsa Methane Yopangidwa ndi Coalbed
Kodi Coalbed Methane ndi chiyani?
Coalbed methane (CBM) ndi mtundu wa mpweya wachilengedwe womwe umapezeka makamaka pamwamba pa malasha ndipo ena amakhalapo mu netiweki yosweka ya msoko wa malasha. Mosiyana ndi mpweya wachilengedwe wamba, womwe umasonkhana m'miyala yokhala ndi mabowo, CBM imagwidwa mkati mwa malasha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a micropore ya malasha ndi malo ake akuluakulu amkati. Methane imasungidwa ndi mphamvu zoyamwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ituluke kutengera kusintha kwa mphamvu mu thanki komanso njira zochotsera madzi m'magawo a malasha.
Malo osungiramo makala a CBM ali ndi zovuta zosiyana poyerekeza ndi kutulutsa mpweya wamba. Kapangidwe ka malasha okhala ndi mapoko awiri—ma fracture achilengedwe (ma cleats) pamodzi ndi ma micropores—amatanthauza kuti kulowa kwa malasha kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa fracture, pomwe kusungidwa kwa gasi kumayendetsedwa ndi malo osungira malasha. Kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa malasha kumatha kusinthasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha minda yosinthasintha ya stress ndi kusiyana kwa geological. Kutupa kwa malasha, makamaka panthawi ya CO₂ jakisoni kuti ayambenso kugwira ntchito bwino (CO₂-ECBM), kumatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa fracture ndi kuchepa kwa fermentation, kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa gasi koma nthawi zina kumawonjezera desorption kudzera mu njira zotsutsana zotsatsira. Chizolowezi cha malasha chosintha mwachangu pansi pa kupsinjika ndi kuthekera kwa kusakhazikika kwa wellbore chimawonjezera zovuta pa ntchito zopangira ndipo chimafuna njira zokonzedwa zolimbikitsira ndi kuyang'anira kuyenda kwa madzi.
Kuika Nthunzi mu Kubwezeretsa Mafuta Olemera
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Kodi Coal Bed Methane ndi chiyani?
Kufunika kwa Kuphwanya Madzi mu Ntchito za CBM
Madzi ophwanyika ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuchotsa CBM, makamaka chifukwa chofuna kutsegula mipata ya malasha yomwe simalola kulowa bwino komanso kuthandizira kutulutsa ndi kusamutsa methane yotengedwa. Ntchito zazikulu za madzi awa ndi izi:
- Kupanga ndi kukulitsa kusweka kwa matabwa kuti akonze kulumikizana pakati pa matrix ya malasha ndi chitsime chopangira.
- Kunyamula zinthu zomangira (tinthu tolimba) m'kati mwa ming'alu kuti mpweya usamayende bwino akangotuluka.
- Kusintha malo ovutikira m'deralo kuti akonze bwino mawonekedwe a kusweka kwa nthaka ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa methane.
Makhalidwe ofunikira a madzi osweka kuti alimbikitse bwino CBM ndi awa:
- Kukhuthala: Yokwera mokwanira kuti iimike ndikunyamula propant, koma iyenera kusweka mosavuta kuti flowback ibwerere bwino komanso hydraulic fracturing fluid ibwererenso bwino. Kukhuthala kumayang'anira momwe propant imaperekedwera bwino ndipo kumakhudza kukhuthala kwa flowback fluid, zomwe zimakhudza kudziwa kusweka kwa gel endpoint komanso nthawi yonse yobwezeretsa.
- Kuyendetsa Zinthu Zosafunikira: Kutha kusunga ma proppants atapachikidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo ake ali ofanana ndikofunikira, makamaka m'malo omwe malasha amatha kupanga ma fines kapena ma fractures osasinthasintha. Maukadaulo atsopano amadzimadzi, monga ma high viscosity friction reducer fluids (HVFRs) ndi hydrophobic polymer/surfactant composites, apangidwa kuti akonze bwino mayendedwe a proppant ndikuwonjezera kutulutsa kwa methane pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya malo osungiramo madzi.
- Kukhazikika kwa Gel: Madzi ochokera ku gel—kuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya silika gel—ayenera kukhala okhazikika pansi pa kutentha kwanthawi zonse kwa dziwe losungiramo madzi ndi mchere, kupewa kusweka msanga mpaka kutsitsimuka kutatha. Kukonza njira yosweka kwa gel ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa gel breaker mu madzi osweka ndikofunikira kwambiri poyang'anira kubwerera kwa madzi m'madzi ochotsedwa ndi coalbed methane ndikupewa kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira, komwe kungalepheretse kubwezeretsedwa kwa madzi ndikuwononga kulowa kwa dziwe m'dziwe.
Zatsopano zikupangidwa ndi zowonjezera za mankhwala ophwanya gel kuti ziwongolere bwino nthawi ndi kukula kwa kusweka kwa gel, zomwe zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kukonza bwino mlingo wa gel breaker, kukonza kubwezeretsedwa kwa madzi ophwanya hydraulic, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe. Kuyang'anira kupita patsogolo monga kuwunika kwa viscosity nthawi yeniyeni kukukhala koyenera kusintha magawo ogwirira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi ophwanya gel amagwira ntchito bwino nthawi yonse ya coalbed methane hydraulic fracturing process.
Madzi ophwanyika a hydraulic akupitilizabe kusintha kuti agwire ntchito za CBM, chifukwa cha kufunika koyika bwino propant, kusweka kwa gel kodalirika, komanso kutulutsa methane kwambiri kuchokera ku mipata yovuta ya malasha.
Kuswa Gel: Malingaliro ndi Mfundo Zofunikira Zowongolera
Kodi Gel Break ndi Gel Breaking Endpoint ndi chiyani?
Kusweka kwa gel kumatanthauza kuwonongeka kwa ma polymer gels omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophwanya madzi panthawi yotulutsa methane yokhala ndi malasha. Ma gel awa, ofunikira poyimitsa ma proppants ndikuwongolera kukhuthala kwa madzi, ayenera kusintha kuchoka pa gel yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu kupita ku madzi otsika kukhuthala kuti abwerere bwino.malo omalizira osweka gelNdi nthawi yomwe kukhuthala kumatsika pansi pa malire enaake, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti gel siikulepheretsanso kuyenda kwa madzi m'chitsime ndipo imatha kupangidwa mosavuta kuchokera ku kapangidwe kake.
Kupeza malo oyenera osweka gel mu hydraulic fracturing flowback ndikofunikira kwambiri. Malo oyenera osweka gel amatsimikizira kuti madzi osweka ayambiranso kugwira ntchito mwachangu komanso mokwanira, amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe, komanso amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa methane. Mwachitsanzo, makina apamwamba osweka gel otulutsidwa nthawi zonse—monga mesoporous SiO₂ nanoparticles kapena bio-enzyme breakers—amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera nthawi ndi kukwanira kwa njira yosweka gel, kusintha mawonekedwe a viscosity kuti agwirizane ndi momwe malo osungiramo madzi amagwirira ntchito komanso zofunikira pakugwira ntchito. Mayeso akumunda akuwonetsa kuti kuyang'anira viscosity nthawi yeniyeni komanso kutulutsa kwanzeru kwa breaker kumagwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kuchuluka kwa methane yotulutsidwa.
Zotsatira za Kusweka kwa Gel Yosakwanira
Gel yosakwanira imaswa masamba a ma polima otsala kapena zidutswa za gel mkati mwa malo osungiramo malasha ndi netiweki yosweka. Zotsalirazi zimatha kutseka malo osungiramo zinthu, kuchepetsa kulowa kwa madzi m'malo osungiramo zinthu, komanso kusokoneza kutuluka kwa methane. Kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe ake kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zochepa komanso kulepheretsa kuchira bwino kwa madzi osweka ndi madzi a hydraulic.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusweka kosakwanira kumawonjezera kusunga kwa madzi mu msoko wa malasha. Madzi ochulukirapowa amatseka njira zoyendera mpweya ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya kusweka kwa hydraulic flowback. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku woyerekeza akuwonetsa kuti madzi atsopano ochokera ku hydrophobic polymer/surfactant amasweka bwino kwambiri kuposa machitidwe wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti methane yodzaza ndi coalbed ibwezeretsedwe bwino. Njira monga kuchiza asidi pambuyo pa kusweka kwawonetsedwa kuti zimabwezeretsa kulowa kwa madzi, koma kupewa kumakhalabe bwino kudzera mu kukonza bwino njira yosweka kwa gel.
Kukonza Mlingo wa Gel Breaker
Kukonza kuchuluka kwa gel breaker ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusweka kwa gel yamadzimadzi. Cholinga chake ndikugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zokwanira za gel breaker—monga bio-enzymes, oxidants zachikhalidwe, kapena nanoparticle-encapsulated breakers—kuti iwononge gel popanda kusiya mankhwala ochulukirapo m'chitsime. Kuchuluka kwa gel kungayambitse kutayika kwa viscosity msanga panthawi yoyika propant, pomwe kuchepa kwa gel kumayambitsa kusweka kosakwanira kwa gel ndi kusonkhanitsa zotsalira.
Njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito mlingo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsekera zotsekedwa kapena ma enzyme opangidwa ndi kutentha kuti azitha kuchepetsa nthawi yochepetsera gel. Mwachitsanzo, sulfamic acid yotsekedwa mu urea-formaldehyde resin imalola kuti breaker itulutsidwe pang'onopang'ono yoyenera mapangidwe a kutentha kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti kukhuthala kumatsika pokhapokha ngati madzi ayamba kubwerera. Zipangizo zowunikira kukhuthala kwa nthawi yeniyeni zimapereka mayankho omwe amathandiza kukonza bwino momwe gel breaker imagwirira ntchito mu fracturing fluids, kuthandizira kulowererapo mwachangu ngati mawonekedwe a kukhuthala asiyana ndi dongosolo logwirira ntchito.
Zitsanzo kuchokera ku kafukufuku woyeserera waposachedwa zikuwonetsa ubwino wake: Pamene mlingo wa breaker unagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhuthala kwa madzi ophwanyika ndi kutentha kwa reservoir, ogwira ntchito adapeza kufulumira kwa breaker fluid flowback, kuchepa kwa mankhwala otsala, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa methane. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, njira zogwiritsira ntchito generic dosing nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti kuchedwa kapena flowback isakwane, zomwe zikugogomezera kufunika kwa deta yeniyeni komanso kuchuluka kwa breaker komwe kumapangidwira njira zopangira hydraulic methane hydraulic fracturing.
Kuwunika Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Ophwanyika: Njira ndi Maukadaulo
Njira Zoyezera Kusweka kwa Madzi Otuluka
Kutulutsa methane ya malasha masiku ano kumadalira kulamulira bwino kukhuthala kwa madzi.Kuyeza kwa maso pa intanetindi ukadaulo wa masensa a nthawi yeniyeni zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kumunda kuti azitsatira kukhuthala kosalekeza panthawi yobwerera kwa hydraulic fracturing. Zosankha zazikulu zikuphatikizapoLonnmeterViscometer Yomwe Ili Pamzere, yomwe idapangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zovuta zamunda ndipo imakwaniritsa miyezo ya API yoyesera kukhuthala. Kulimba kwake kumagwirizana ndi ntchito za CBM zothamanga kwambiri komanso zoyenda bwino ndipo imalola kuyang'aniridwa kosalekeza m'matanki osakaniza kapena mapampu obayira.
Njira zachikhalidwe za labotale, monga ma viscometer ozungulira, zimaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo ndikuyesa kukhuthala ndi mphamvu yofunikira kuti mutembenuze spindle pa liwiro losasintha.madzi osakhala a NewtonianNjira zodziwika bwino mu njira za CBM hydraulic fracturing, njira zozungulira labu zimapereka kulondola kwakukulu koma zimachedwa, zimayambitsa kuchedwa kwa zitsanzo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimalephera kuwona kusintha kwa mphamvu ya viscosity nthawi yeniyeni. Njira zochokera ku Ultraviolet ndi kompyuta zoyezera kukhuthala zapezeka kuti ziwunikenso bwino koma zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri mu labotale.
Ma viscometer ozungulira, monga mitundu ya ndodo zogwedezeka, zimayesa mwachindunji kukhuthala m'munda mwa kuzindikira kugwedezeka kwa kugwedezeka kapena kusintha kwa resonance. Njira izi zimathandiza kuwunika mwachangu komanso kosalekeza panthawi ya flowback hydraulic fracturing.
Kuwunika Nthawi Yeniyeni vs. Kusankha Zitsanzo Zachizolowezi
Kuwunika kukhuthala kwa ma viscometer nthawi yeniyeni kumapatsa ogwira ntchito mayankho mwachangu pa zisankho zofunika kwambiri zowongolera njira. Ma viscometer ozungulira ndi makina a sensor amapereka kuwerenga kokhazikika popanda kuchedwa komwe kumakhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo ndi kusanthula kwa labotale. Kuyankha kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri poyang'anira kubwerera kwa methane yochotsedwa m'ma coalbed, chifukwa kuzindikira koyambirira kwa kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira kumathandiza kusintha nthawi yake mlingo wa gel breaker ndi kukonza njira. Mwachitsanzo, zowonjezera za gel breaker zomwe zimatulutsidwa nthawi yayitali, monga paraffin-coated silica nanoparticles, zimafuna nthawi yoyambira kwawo ndi kutsika kwenikweni kwa viscosity, zomwe zimatheka pokhapokha ndi deta yeniyeni. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuyesa zitsanzo za labotale sikungazindikire kusintha mwachangu, kuchedwetsa zochita zokonzanso ndikuyika pachiwopsezo kuchira kwa madzi osweka a hydraulic.
Kuphatikiza apo, zowonjezera za mankhwala ophwanya gel zochokera ku ma enzyme komanso CO₂-reaction zimadalira mayankho achangu okhudza momwe ma viscosity akuyendera. Kuyeza ma viscosity mosalekeza kumathandizira kuyika ndi kuyambitsa kwa mphamvu, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a gel breaker mu fracturing fluids komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira zophwanya hydraulic methane pogwiritsa ntchito coalbed methane hydraulic.
Ubwino waukulu wa kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni ndi monga:
- Kuyankha mwachangu ku kusinthasintha kwa kukhuthala kwa thupi panthawi yosweka kwa madzi.
- Kuchepetsa kutaya kwa zinthu ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa batch.
- Kuphatikizidwa mwachindunji mu njira zowongolera njira ndi njira zotsatirira malamulo.
Magawo Ofunika Kwambiri Otsatira
Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika madzi ophwanyika ndi hydraulic fracturing fluid viscosity. Kutsata parameter iyi nthawi yeniyeni kumavumbula momwe gel imaphwanyikira komanso momwe breaker imagwirira ntchito. Kusintha kwakukulu mu flowback fluid viscosity chizindikiro ngati gel yaphwanyikira, zomwe zimafuna kudziwa komwe ikupita komanso kugwiritsa ntchito breaker ina. Kuphunzira kwa makina ndi kukonza ma signal apamwamba, monga kuwonongeka kwa empirical mode, kumawongolera kulondola kwa deta ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yovuta yamafakitale, kuonetsetsa kuti chidziwitso chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi ya fracturing.
Magawo ofunikira a nthawi yeniyeni ndi awa:
- Kutentha kwa madzi ndi kupanikizika pamalo oyezera.
- Kuchuluka kwa kumeta mkati mwa mizere yoyenda.
- Kukhalapo kwa tinthu toyipa komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumakhudza kuwerenga kwa kukhuthala kwa thupi.
- Kuchuluka ndi kusinthasintha kwa kukhuthala kumachepa pambuyo powonjezera chophukira.
Pamene kukhuthala kwa gel kumachepa kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutsimikizira kusweka bwino kwa gel ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa breaker kosafunikira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusweka kosakwanira kwa gel kumapangitsa kuti kukhuthala kukhale kwakukulu, zomwe zimafuna kuti akonze nthawi yomweyo.
Mwachidule, kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa kukhuthala kwa madzi obwerera m'mbuyo kumapereka mayankho nthawi yeniyeni kuti njira yosweka kwa gel ikonzedwe bwino, kumathandizira kudziwa momwe gel imasweka, komanso kumathandizira kasamalidwe kosinthika kuti madzi osweka a hydraulic abwerere bwino mu coalbed methane.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kuphatikiza mu Coalbed Methane Extraction
Deta Yotsimikizika ya Nthawi Yeniyeni Yodziwira Kusweka kwa Gel Endpoint
Kuyankha mwachangu kwa kukhuthala kwa gel pamalo otseguka kumathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kudziwa komwe gel imathera pamene madzi osweka asweka. Ma viscometer omwe ali pamzere amajambula kusintha kosalekeza kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi panthawi yonse ya hydraulic fracturing process, kuonetsetsa kuti kusintha kuchokera ku gelled kupita ku madzi osweka kumatsatiridwa bwino. Njira imeneyi imaletsa zoopsa zokhudzana ndi jakisoni wa gel breaker isanafike nthawi yake, zomwe zingayambitse kusayenda bwino kwa propant komanso kuchepa kwa fracture conductivity. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni kumachepetsanso kuchedwa kwa gel kusweka komwe kungalepheretse kuyenda kwa madzi, kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe, kapena kuwonjezera ndalama zamagetsi.
Zipangizo zamakono zowunikira mawonekedwe a thovu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masensa opangidwa ndi makina amagetsi zatsimikiziridwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'zitsime za coalbed methane (CBM), zomwe zimapereka kuzindikira kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi madzi komwe kumakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kukhuthala kwa madzi. Zida izi zimagwirizana bwino ndi zomangamanga za zitsime ndipo zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakugwira ntchito bwino poyang'anira kusweka kwa gel, makamaka m'mikhalidwe ya kuyenda kwa magawo ambiri komwe kumafanana ndi kutulutsa kwa CBM. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma profiles amphamvu m'malo mwa ma cutoff values osasinthasintha, ogwiritsa ntchito amapeza mphamvu yayikulu pa endpoint yosweka kwa gel, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa kupanga komwe kumagwirizana nako.
Kusintha Kokha kwa Mlingo wa Gel Breaker
Kuyankha movutikira kumathandiza kuti pakhale kulinganiza kwa mlingo wa gel breaker pamalopo. Machitidwe owongolera anzeru, okhala ndi zoyesera matope zokha komanso ma sensor-integrated feedback loops, amasintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophwanya molingana ndi deta yamadzimadzi amoyo. Njira iyi yoyendetsedwa ndi deta ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakukonza njira yophwanya gel mu njira zophwanyira madzi za coalbed methane hydraulic.
Ma gel breakers omangidwa mkati—kuphatikizapo urea-formaldehyde resin ndi sulfamic acid—apangidwa kuti azitulutsa bwino, kuteteza kuchepetsa kukhuthala msanga ngakhale pansi pa kutentha kwambiri. Mayeso a labotale amatsimikizira kuti amagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti ndi odalirika, pothandizira njira zosinthira zokha m'munda. Ma gel breakers opangidwa ndi bio-enzyme amapititsa patsogolo kusankha ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mlingo, makamaka pamene kutentha ndi mawonekedwe a shear profiles zimasinthasintha panthawi yophulika kwa madzi. Ma breakers anzeru awa amachepetsa kukhuthala kufika pansi pa 10 cP pa 100 s⁻¹ shear rate, zomwe zimathandiza mwachindunji kutsimikiza kwa kuphwanya kwa gel endpoint komanso kukonza bwino mankhwala.
Ubwino wake ndi monga kutulutsa methane kuchokera ku malasha, kubwezeretsa bwino madzi ophwanyika, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Njira zoyezera ma breaker zokha zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusamalidwa bwino komanso mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zimathandiza kuyang'anira bwino zowonjezera za mankhwala ophwanyika ndi gel popanda kutaya zinyalala zambiri.
Zotsatira pa Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback
Kuyang'anira mbiri ya kukhuthala kwa madzi panthawi ya flowback hydraulic fracturing ndikofunikira kwambiri poneneratu ndi kufupikitsa nthawi ya flowback mu CBM extraction. Ma analytical model omwe amagwiritsa ntchito real-time viscosity data ndi ma equation a zinthu zasonyeza kuti fracturing fluid ikuyenda bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ubwerere mwachangu. Ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito detayi kuti ayang'ane mozama malekezero enieni a gel breakage ndikufulumizitsa flowback, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukulitsa kupanga kwa reservoir.
Kuyerekezera kwa maukonde a fractal fracture network ndi maphunziro a tracer kukuwonetsa kuti kasamalidwe kogwirizana ndi kukhuthala kwa ma viscosity kumathandizira kusunga voliyumu ya fracture ndikuletsa kutsekedwa msanga. Kuyerekeza kwa nthawi yoyambira ndi yachiwiri ya flowback kukuwonetsa udindo wa kuwongolera kukhuthala kwa ma viscosity pakusunga kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwakukulu ndikuchepetsa kutsekeka kwa madzi mkati mwa malasha. Mwa kuphatikiza mayankho a tracer ndi kuwunika kukhuthala kwa nthawi yeniyeni, ogwira ntchito amapeza luntha lochitapo kanthu kuti apititse patsogolo kukonza bwino flowback ya madzi mu zitsime za CBM.
Kuphatikiza ndi CO₂ Fracturing ya Coalbed Methane
Kugwira ntchito kwa CO₂ fracturing coalbed methane kumabweretsa mavuto apadera poyang'anira kukhuthala kwa madzi obwerera m'mbuyo. Kuyambitsa ma surfactants omwe amayankha CO₂ kumathandiza kusintha kukhuthala mwachangu komanso nthawi yeniyeni, kumalola kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka madzi ndi kutentha kwa malo osungiramo zinthu panthawi yolimbikitsa. Kafukufuku woyesera akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma surfactant ambiri komanso zokhuthala zapamwamba za CO₂ zimapangitsa kuti kukhuthala kukhale kofanana, zomwe zimathandiza kufalikira bwino kwa kuphulika komanso kutulutsa mpweya.
Makina atsopano amagetsi a waya ndi telemetry amapereka mayankho mwachangu pa zigawo zamadzimadzi zomwe zimasweka komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndi CO₂, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kapangidwe ka madzi nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimathandizira kuwongolera kayendedwe ka kusweka kwa gel ndikuchepetsa kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira, kuonetsetsa kuti kukondoweza kwa chitsime kumapeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Mu zochitika za CO₂ foam gel fracturing, ma formulations amasunga kukhuthala kopitilira 50 mPa·s ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwapakati kochepera 19%. Kukonza nthawi ndi mlingo wa zowonjezera zosweka za gel ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa magawo a CO₂, kutentha, ndi kuchuluka kwa kudulidwa kwa gel kumasintha mwachangu machitidwe a rheological. Kuphatikiza deta nthawi yeniyeni, kuphatikiza ndi zowonjezera zoyankha mwanzeru, kumathandizira kuwongolera njira ndi kusamalira chilengedwe mwa kukonza bwino kuchira kwa madzi osweka a hydraulic ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe.
Kubwerera kwa Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback ndi Madzi Opangidwa Kuti Achotse CO2
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Kupititsa patsogolo Zotsatira za Zachilengedwe ndi Zachuma
Kuchepetsa Kuchuluka kwa Kukonza Madzi Obwerera M'mbuyo
Kusweka bwino kwa gel yamadzimadzi ophwanyika, komwe kumathandizidwa ndi kuyeza kwa viscosity nthawi yeniyeni komanso mlingo wolondola wa gel breaker, kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma polima otsala mumadzimadzi obwerera m'mbuyo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuyeretsa madzi oyambira kukhale kosavuta, chifukwa ma residues ochepa a gel amachepetsa kutsekeka kwa zinthu zosefera komanso kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala othandizira. Mwachitsanzo, njira zogwiritsira ntchito cavitation zimagwiritsa ntchito kugwa kwa ma microbubble kuti zisokoneze bwino zodetsa ndi ma gels otsala, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kufalikira kwakukulu m'mafakitale othandizira ndikuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa nembanemba komwe kumachitika mu reverse osmosis ndi forward osmosis systems.
Madzi oyeretsera madzi obwerera m'mbuyo amachepetsanso chiopsezo cha chilengedwe, chifukwa kuchepa kwa ma gels otsala ndi mankhwala kumatanthauza kuti palibe mwayi wodetsa nthaka ndi madzi pamalo otayira kapena ogwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kafukufuku amatsimikizira kuti kusweka kwathunthu kwa gels—makamaka ndi ma bio-enzyme gel breakers—kumabweretsa poizoni wochepa, zotsalira zochepa, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ma fracture conductivity, zomwe zimathandiza kubwezeretsa bwino methane ndikubwezeretsanso madzi mosavuta popanda kukwera mtengo kwakukulu. Mayeso akumunda ku Ordos Basin akuwonetsa ubwino wa chilengedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, kulumikiza kusweka kwathunthu kwa gels mwachindunji ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe la madzi ndikuchepetsa udindo wolamulira kwa ogwira ntchito.
Kusunga Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito ndi Kukonza Zinthu
Kusweka bwino kwa gel yamadzimadzi ophwanyika kumafupikitsa nthawi yofunikira kuti hydraulic fracturing flowback ibwererenso mu coalbed methane export. Mwa kudziwa molondola malo osweka a gel ndikuwongolera mlingo wa gel breaker, ogwiritsa ntchito amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa flowback fluid yomwe ikufunika kukonzedwa komanso nthawi yonse yomwe chitsime chiyenera kukhala mu flowback flowback mode pambuyo pa fracturing. Kuchepa kwa nthawi yobwerera m'mbuyo kumeneku kumabweretsa ndalama zambiri zosungira madzi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pokonza, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito.
Njira zapamwamba—monga zopumira za gel za SiO₂ nanoparticle zotulutsidwa mosalekeza komanso njira zothetsera ma bio-enzyme—zimathandizira kuti gel isweke bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana otentha, kuonetsetsa kuti zotsalira zimawonongeka mwachangu komanso mokwanira. Zotsatira zake, kuchira kwamadzimadzi kumakhala kofulumira komanso koyera, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito komanso kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu. Kuchuluka kwa methane kuchokera ku malasha kumawonedwa chifukwa cha kutsekeka kochepa kwa ma pore, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyambirira. Kafukufuku wa malasha ku Illinois amatsimikizira kuti zotsalira za gel zimatha kuwononga methane ndi CO₂ sorption, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika kosweka kwathunthu kwa gel kuti pakhale bwino.
Ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwa viscosity nthawi yeniyeni awonetsa kuti akuwongolera bwino madzi osweka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino. Ndalama zoyambira mu njira zapamwamba zosweka gel ndi ukadaulo wowunikira nthawi yeniyeni zimapereka ndalama zosungira ndalama kudzera mu kuchepetsa ndalama zoyeretsera, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe, komanso kuchulukitsa mpweya wochuluka. Zatsopanozi tsopano ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito omwe akufuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikuwonjezera phindu lachuma pantchito zosweka za hydraulic methane.
Njira Zofunikira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Kuwunika Kuzungulira kwa Kuzungulira kwa Nthawi Yeniyeni
Kusankha ndi Kuyika Zida
Kusankha masensa oyenera a kukhuthala kuti mutulutse methane yokhala ndi malasha kumafuna kuganizira mosamala zinthu zingapo:
- Mulingo Woyezera:Masensa ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zonse zogwirira ntchito zamadzimadzi osweka, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa gel panthawi yosweka ndi kubwerera kwa magazi.
- Nthawi Yoyankha:Masensa oyankha mwachangu ndi ofunikira kuti atsatire kusintha kwachangu kwa rheology yamadzimadzi osweka, makamaka panthawi ya jakisoni wowonjezera wa mankhwala ndi zochitika zobwerera m'mbuyo. Ndemanga yeniyeni imathandizira zisankho pakuwongolera mlingo wa gel breaker ndipo imatsimikiza molondola mapeto a gel breaking.
- Kugwirizana:Masensa ayenera kukhala opirira kuukira kwa mankhwala ochokera ku zowonjezera za mankhwala osweka ndi gel, madzi okhala ndi CO2, ndi zosakaniza za propant zokwawa. Zipangizo ziyenera kupirira mikhalidwe yovuta komanso yosinthasintha ya hydraulic yomwe imapezeka m'mabwalo osweka a CBM.
Kuyika bwino kwa masensa a kukhuthala ndikofunikira kuti deta ikhale yolondola komanso yodalirika:
- Malo Ochitira Ntchito Zambiri Zama Hydraulic:Masensa omwe amaikidwa pafupi kapena mkati mwa mizere yotumizira madzi osweka—kumtunda ndi pansi pa malo obayira jeli—amajambula kusintha kwa kukhuthala kofunikira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
- Malo Oyang'anira Kubwerera kwa Magalimoto:Kuyika masensa pamalo oyambira osonkhanitsira ndi kutulutsa madzi kumathandiza kuwunika nthawi yomweyo momwe gel imagwirira ntchito, mavuto osakwanira osweka gel, komanso kukhuthala kwa madzi obwerera m'mbuyo kuti madzi osweka abwererenso.
- Kusankha Malo Oyendetsedwa ndi Deta:Kapangidwe ka Bayesian koyesera ndi njira zowunikira kukhudzidwa zimaganizira masensa pamadera omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chowonjezeka kwambiri, kuchepetsa kusatsimikizika ndikuwonjezera kuyimira kwa kuwunika kwa viscosity.
Zitsanzo:Ma viscometer ozunguliraKuphatikizidwa mwachindunji m'magawo ofunikira a dera lothyoka kumalola kuyang'anira mosalekeza njira, pomwe ma sensa ochepa opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito QR factorization amasunga kulimba ndi zida zochepa.
Kuphatikiza ndi Zomangamanga za CBM Zomwe Zilipo
Kukonzanso kuyang'anira kukhuthala kwa nthawi yeniyeni kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwaukadaulo ndi kusintha kwa ntchito:
- Njira Zokonzanso:Machitidwe omwe alipo kale othyola ma fracturing nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masensa okhala pa mzere—monga ma viscometer a mapaipi—kudzera mu maulumikizidwe othyoledwa kapena opangidwa ndi ulusi. Kusankha masensa okhala ndi ma protocol olumikizirana a netiweki (Modbus, OPC) kumatsimikizira kuti pali kulumikizana kosalala.
- Kuphatikiza kwa SCADA:Kulumikiza masensa a kukhuthala ku machitidwe onse a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) kumathandiza kusonkhanitsa deta yokha, ma alarm a kukhuthala kosadziwika bwino, komanso kuwongolera kusintha kwa fracturing fluid rheology.
- Maphunziro a Akatswiri a Zaulimi:Akatswiri ayenera kuphunzira osati kungogwiritsa ntchito masensa okha komanso njira zotanthauzira deta. Mapulogalamu ophunzitsira akuphatikizapo njira zowerengera, kutsimikizira deta, kuthetsa mavuto, komanso kusinthasintha kwa mankhwala owonjezera omwe amaswa gel malinga ndi zotsatira zenizeni za kukhuthala.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Deta Yokhuthala:Ma dashboard a nthawi yeniyeni amawonetsa momwe zinthu zikuyendera pakusweka kwa madzi, kuthandizira kusintha mwachangu kwa mlingo wa gel breaker ndikuwongolera kubwerera kwa madzi mu coalbed methane. Chitsanzo: Makina odzipangira okha amagwiritsa ntchito mayankho a sensor kuti akonze njira yosweka kwa gel ndikuletsa kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira.
Njira iliyonse—kusankha masensa, malo abwino oikira, kuphatikiza zomangamanga, ndi chithandizo chopitilira chogwirira ntchito—zimaonetsetsa kuti kuyang'anira kukhuthala kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni kumapereka deta yothandiza kuti njira zophwanyira madzi za methane ndi ma hydraulic fracturing zigwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
1. Kodi methane yokhala ndi coalbed ndi chiyani ndipo imasiyana bwanji ndi mpweya wachilengedwe wamba?
Coalbed methane (CBM) ndi mpweya wachilengedwe womwe umasungidwa m'magawo a malasha, makamaka ngati mpweya wothira pamwamba pa malasha. Mosiyana ndi mpweya wachilengedwe wamba, womwe umapezeka ngati mpweya waulere m'malo osungira miyala okhala ndi pobowola monga miyala yamchenga ndi carbonates, CBM ili ndi pobowola pang'ono komanso kulowererapo kochepa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mpweyawo umamangidwa mwamphamvu, ndipo kutulutsa kumadalira kuchotsa madzi ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kuti atulutse methane kuchokera ku matrix a malasha. Maboma a CBM nawonso ndi osiyana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi biogenic kapena thermogenic methane. Hydraulic fracturing ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga CBM, yomwe imafuna kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwa flowback ndi kusweka kwa gel kuti mpweya ubwerere bwino komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe.
2. Kodi kusweka kwa gel mu kukonza madzi osweka n'chiyani?
Kusweka kwa gel kumatanthauza njira yowononga mankhwala amadzimadzi okhuthala kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posweka kwa hydraulic. Madzi awa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhuthala ndi ma polima, amalowetsedwa m'malo osungiramo madzi kuti asweke ndikunyamula mchenga kapena proppant. Pambuyo posweka, ma gel breakers—makamaka omwe ali ndi ma enzyme, nanoparticle, kapena mankhwala—amawonjezedwa kuti achepetse kukhuthala mwa kuswa maunyolo a polima. Gel ikasweka, madziwo amasanduka kukhuthala kochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kuyenda bwino kwa madzi kubwererenso, kuchepetsa zotsalira, komanso kupanga methane bwino.
3. Kodi kuyang'anira kukhuthala kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni kumathandiza bwanji pakusweka kwa gel yamadzimadzi?
Kuwunika kukhuthala kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni kumapereka chidziwitso chokhazikika komanso cholondola pa kukhuthala kwa madzi osweka pamene gel ikusweka. Izi zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito:
- Dziwani bwino lomwe malo otulukira gel ndipo pewani kusweka kosakwanira.
- Sinthani mlingo wa jeli wothira mankhwala mosinthasintha, kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito jeli mopitirira muyeso kapena kuigwiritsa ntchito molakwika.
- Dziwani kusintha koipa (kukhuthala kwakukulu, kuipitsidwa) ndipo yambani mwachangu.
- Konzani bwino kayendedwe ka madzi osweka kuti mubwezeretsedwe mwachangu komanso moyera komanso kuti muwongolere bwino ntchito yochotsa CBM.
Mwachitsanzo, m'zitsime za CBM, masensa amagetsi owonera ndi owonera pansi amatsogolera nthawi ndi mlingo wa jakisoni wa gel breaker, kuchepetsa zoopsa zogwirira ntchito komanso nthawi yozungulira.
4. N’chifukwa chiyani kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala ochotsera gel n’kofunika kwambiri pochotsa methane yokhala ndi coalbed?
Mlingo woyenera wa gel breaker ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti ma polima a gel awonongeke popanda kuwononga malo osungiramo madzi. Ngati mlingo uli wochepa kwambiri, zotsalira za gel zimatha kutseka malo otseguka, kuchepetsa kulowa kwa madzi ndi kupanga methane. Kugwiritsa ntchito gel breaker mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kuchepa kwa viscosity mwachangu kapena kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Mlingo wabwino kwambiri—nthawi zambiri umapezedwa ndi nanoparticles kapena bio-enzymes zotulutsidwa nthawi zonse—zimabweretsa:
- Kuwonongeka kochepa kwa mapangidwe ndi kusungidwa kwa zinyalala
- Kubwerera kwa madzi osweka bwino
- Mtengo wotsika wosamalira madzi akatha kutuluka
- Kuchuluka kwa methane desorption ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zonse.
5. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira pochotsa CBM?
Kusweka kwa gel kosakwanira kungachitike chifukwa cha:
- Kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa gel breaker kapena nthawi yolakwika
- Kusakaniza ndi kugawa madzi molakwika m'chitsime cha madzi
- Mikhalidwe yoipa ya dziwe (kutentha, pH, kapangidwe ka madzi)
Zoopsa zikuphatikizapo:
- Kukhuthala kwa madzi obwerera m'mbuyo kwambiri, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyeretsa
- Ma polima otsala amatseka njira za pores, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe
- Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa methane chifukwa cha njira zochepa zochotsera madzi m'thupi
- Kukwera kwa ndalama zoyeretsera madzi ndi kukonza zitsime
Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera mankhwala wamba popanda kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni kungasiye zidutswa za polima zosagayidwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa CBM.
6. Kodi kusweka kwa CO₂ kumakhudza bwanji kukhuthala kwa madzi osweka mu ntchito za methane yokhala ndi malasha?
Kusweka kwa CO₂ kumayambitsa CO₂ ngati thovu kapena madzi ofunikira kwambiri mu chisakanizo cha madzi osweka. Izi zimasintha kuyanjana kwa mankhwala ndi mphamvu ya rheological ya gel, zomwe zimayambitsa:
- Kukhuthala kumachepa mofulumira ndi kuchuluka kwa CO₂ voliyumu, kuchuluka kwa kucheka, ndi kutentha
- Kuwonongeka kwa matrix kungakhalepo ngati kukhuthala kwa thupi kumatsika mofulumira kwambiri kapena ngati zotsalira zikupitirirabe.
- Kufunika kwa CO₂ thickeners ndi surfactants zapadera kuti zikhazikitse kukhuthala kwa propant kuti ziyende bwino komanso kuswa bwino gel
Ogwira ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni kuyang'anira kukhuthala kuti asinthe mlingo wa kuphwanya poyankha kusinthaku, kuonetsetsa kuti gel yasweka bwino ndikuteteza msoko wa malasha.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-06-2025
