Kuyandamamu Ubwino
Kuyandama kumawonjezera phindu la miyala mwa kulekanitsa mwaluso mchere wamtengo wapatali ndi miyala ya gangue pokonza mchere kudzera mu kusiyana kwa thupi ndi mankhwala. Kaya ndikugwira ntchito ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, zitsulo zachitsulo, kapena mchere wopanda chitsulo, kuyandama kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri popereka zipangizo zapamwamba kwambiri.
1. Njira Zoyandama
(1) Kuyandama Molunjika
Kuyandama mwachindunji kumatanthauza kusefa mchere wamtengo wapatali kuchokera mu matope powalola kuti azimatirira ku thovu la mpweya ndikuyandama pamwamba, pomwe thovu la gangue limatsalira mu matope. Njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri pakupindulitsa zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, kukonza miyala yamtengo wapatali kumafika pamlingo woyandama pambuyo poponderezedwa ndi kupukutidwa mu kukonza miyala ya mkuwa, momwe osonkhanitsa a anionic enaake amalowetsedwa kuti asinthe kusowa kwa madzi ndikusiya kuti alowe pamwamba pa mchere wa mkuwa. Kenako tinthu ta mkuwa topanda madzi timalumikizana ndi thovu la mpweya ndikukwera, ndikupanga thovu lokhala ndi mkuwa wolemera. Thovu ili limasonkhanitsidwa mu kuchuluka koyambirira kwa mchere wa mkuwa, womwe umagwira ntchito ngati zinthu zopangira zapamwamba kuti ukhale wowonjezera.
(2) Kuyandama Kobwerera M'mbuyo
Kuyandama kobwerera m'mbuyo kumaphatikizapo kuyandama kwa mchere wa gangue pomwe mchere wamtengo wapatali umatsala mu matope. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza chitsulo ndi zinthu zodetsedwa za quartz, ma anionic kapena cationic collectors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha malo omwe matope amapangidwa. Izi zimasintha momwe quartz imagwirira ntchito m'madzi kukhala matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwirizane ndi thovu la mpweya ndikuyandama.
(3) Kuyandama Koyenera
Pamene miyala ili ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo zamtengo wapatali, kuyandama kwapadera kumazilekanitsa motsatizana kutengera zinthu monga ntchito ya mchere ndi phindu lachuma. Njira yoyandama pang'onopang'ono iyi imatsimikizira kuti mchere uliwonse wamtengo wapatali umabwezeretsedwa ndi chiyero chapamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwa kubweza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino kwambiri.
(4) Kuyandama Kwambiri
Kuyandama kwa zinthu zambiri kumayendetsa mchere wambiri wamtengo wapatali, kuwayandamitsa pamodzi kuti apeze mchere wosakanikirana, kenako n’kulekanitsa zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, mu kupatsa mchere wa mkuwa ndi nickel, komwe mchere wa mkuwa ndi nickel zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri, kuyandama kwa zinthu zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga xanthates kapena thiols kumalola kuyandama kwa mchere wa mkuwa ndi nickel nthawi imodzi, kupanga mchere wosakanikirana. Njira zotsatizana zovuta, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za lime ndi cyanide, zimalekanitsa zinthu za mkuwa ndi nickel zokhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri. Njira iyi ya "kusonkhanitsa koyamba, kosiyana-pambuyo pake" imachepetsa kutayika kwa mchere wamtengo wapatali m'magawo oyamba ndipo imakweza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuchira kwa zinthu zovuta.
2. Njira Zoyandama: Kulondola Kotsatira Gawo ndi Gawo
(1) Njira Yoyandama Pamasitepe: Kukonzanso Kowonjezereka
Pa kuyandama, kuyandama kwa siteji kumatsogolera kukonza miyala yovuta mwa kugawa njira yoyandama m'magawo angapo.
Mwachitsanzo, mu njira yoyandama ya magawo awiri, miyala yamtengo wapatali imaphwanyidwa mopanda mphamvu, zomwe zimamasula pang'ono mchere wamtengo wapatali. Gawo loyamba loyandama limabwezeretsa mchere womasulidwawu ngati zinthu zoyambira. Tinthu totsala tosatulutsidwa timapita ku gawo lachiwiri lopera kuti tichepetse kukula kwake, kutsatiridwa ndi gawo lachiwiri loyandama. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mchere wotsalawo wamtengo wapatali walekanitsidwa bwino ndikuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zoyambira. Njirayi imaletsa kugayidwa kwambiri mu gawo loyamba, imachepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu, komanso imapangitsa kuti kuyandama kukhale kolondola.
Pa miyala yovuta kwambiri, monga yomwe ili ndi zitsulo zambiri zosowa zokhala ndi mapangidwe olimba a kristalo, njira yoyandama ya magawo atatu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira zogayira ndi kuyandama mosiyanasiyana zimathandiza kufufuza mosamala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mchere uliwonse wamtengo wapatali ukuchotsedwa ndi kuyera kwakukulu komanso kuchira mwachangu, ndikuyika maziko olimba okonzanso zinthu zina.
3. Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Kuyandama
(1) Mtengo wa pH: Kuchuluka kwa asidi wochepa
Kuchuluka kwa pH kwa slurry kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuyandama, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa mchere ndi magwiridwe antchito a reagent. Pamene pH ili pamwamba pa mfundo ya isoelectric ya mchere, pamwamba pake pamakhala negative charge; pansi pake, pamwamba pake pamakhala positive charge. Kusintha kumeneku kwa surface charge kumayang'anira kuyanjana kwa adsorption pakati pa mchere ndi reagents, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kukopa kapena kukana kwa maginito.
Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa acidity, mchere wa sulfide umapindula ndi ntchito yowonjezera yosonkhanitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira mchere wa sulfide womwe ukufunidwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mkhalidwe wa alkaline umathandiza kuti mchere wa oxide usasunthike mwa kusintha mawonekedwe awo pamwamba kuti uwonjezere mphamvu ya reagent.
Michere yosiyanasiyana imafuna milingo yeniyeni ya pH kuti iyende bwino, zomwe zimafuna kulamulira kolondola. Mwachitsanzo, pakuyandama kwa quartz ndi calcite mixtures, quartz imatha kuyandama mwa kusintha pH ya slurry kukhala 2-3 ndikugwiritsa ntchito zosonkhanitsa zochokera ku amine. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuyandama kwa calcite kumakondedwa m'malo okhala ndi mafuta acid-based collectors. Kusintha kwa pH kolondola kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kulekanitsa bwino kwa mchere.
(2) Ndondomeko ya Reagent
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma reagent imalamulira njira yoyandama, kuphatikizapo kusankha, mlingo, kukonzekera, ndi kuwonjezera ma reagent. Ma reagent amasankha bwino pamwamba pa mchere womwe akufuna, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asalowe m'madzi.
Ma frothers amalimbitsa thovu mu matope ndipo amathandiza kuti tinthu tosakonda madzi tisasunthike. Ma frothers odziwika bwino ndi monga mafuta a paini ndi mafuta a cresol, omwe amapanga thovu lokhazikika komanso lalikulu bwino loti tinthu tigwirizane nalo.
Zosintha zimayatsa kapena kuletsa zinthu za mchere pamwamba ndikusintha momwe mankhwala kapena zamagetsi zimakhalira pa slurry.
Mlingo wa reagent umafuna kulondola—kuchepa kwa zinthu kumachepetsa kuopsa kwa madzi kulowa m'madzi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka, pomwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatayidwa kumawonjezera ndalama, komanso kumawononga ubwino wa zinthuzo. Zipangizo zanzeru mongamita yowunikira pa intanetiakhoza kuwongolera molondola mlingo wa reagent.
Nthawi ndi njira yowonjezerera reagent ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zosinthira, zoletsa kupsinjika, ndi zosonkhanitsa zina nthawi zambiri zimawonjezedwa panthawi yopukutira kuti zikonzekeretse malo opangira mankhwala a slurry msanga. Zosonkhanitsa ndi zotulutsa utsi nthawi zambiri zimawonjezedwa mu thanki yoyamba yoyandama kuti zigwire bwino ntchito panthawi yovuta.
(3) Chiŵerengero cha Mpweya
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti pakhale malo abwino kwambiri olumikizirana ndi mabulosi a mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuyandama. Kupanda mpweya wokwanira kumapangitsa kuti mabulosi akhale ochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa mwayi wogundana ndi kulumikizidwa, motero zimalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito a mabulosi. Kuyandama kwambiri kumabweretsa kugwedezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabulosi asweke ndikutulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe talumikizidwa, zomwe zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito.
Mainjiniya amagwiritsa ntchito njira monga kusonkhanitsa mpweya kapena kuyeza mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito anemometer kuti akonze bwino kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolowa. Pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuwonjezera mpweya wolowa kuti upange thovu lalikulu kumathandizira kuti mpweya uzitha kuyenda bwino. Pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena tomwe timayandama mosavuta, kusintha mosamala kumatsimikizira kuti mpweya woyandama umakhala wokhazikika komanso wogwira mtima.
(4) Nthawi Yoyandama
Nthawi yoyandama ndi yolinganiza bwino pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa m'madzi, zomwe zimafuna kuyesedwa bwino. Poyamba, mchere wamtengo wapatali umalumikizana mwachangu ndi thovu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madziwo abwererenso m'madzi ambiri komanso kuti madziwo abwererenso m'madzi.
Pakapita nthawi, pamene mchere wamtengo wapatali ukuyandama, mchere wa gangue ukhozanso kukwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mcherewo ukhale woyera. Pa miyala yosavuta yokhala ndi mchere wokhuthala komanso woyandama mosavuta, nthawi yochepa yoyandama ndi yokwanira, kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mchere kubwereranso bwino popanda kuwononga kalasi yokhuthala. Pa miyala yovuta kapena yopingasa, nthawi yayitali yoyandama ndi yofunikira kuti mchere wosalala ukhale ndi nthawi yokwanira yolumikizirana ndi ma reagents ndi thovu. Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa nthawi yoyandama ndi chizindikiro cha ukadaulo wolondola komanso wogwira mtima woyandama.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-22-2025
