Kuyeza kuchulukana ndi kukhuthala ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga phula losinthidwa ndi polima: kukhuthala kumatsimikizira kukhuthala koyenera, mphamvu, ndi kukana ku matope/chinyezi, pomwe kukhuthala kumayang'anira kukhuthala, kugwira ntchito, ndi kukana kusintha. Kuyeza kwa nthawi yeniyeni (monga, ma ultrasound density meters, ma viscosity meters) kumaletsa kulekana kwa gawo, kusakanikirana, ndi kutsekeka kwa mapaipi, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa polima/zowonjezera, ndikutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso kulimba kwa msewu.
Kumvetsetsa Kusintha kwa Asphalt: Mfundo ndi Zolimbikitsa
Kusintha kwa phula kumatanthauza kukulitsa zomangira za phula mwa kuwonjezera mankhwala kapena zosinthira zakuthupi, makamaka ma polima. Njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri mu uinjiniya wamakono wa pamsewu, poyankha mwachindunji kufunikira kwa kulimba, kulimba, komanso kukhazikika kwa misewu.
Kusintha kwa Asphalt
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Kufotokozera Kusintha kwa Asphalt ndi Udindo Wake
Popeza phula silinasinthidwe, limakhala ndi mavuto monga kugwedezeka kwa nthaka, kusweka kwa kutentha, komanso kutopa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Kuphatikiza kwa zowonjezera zomwe zasankhidwa mosamala kumasintha mawonekedwe a makina ndi viscoelastic a binder, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri ku kusintha kwa kutentha, kukalamba, komanso kulephera kwa nyengo. Kusintha kwa polymer, makamaka, kwakhala maziko owonjezera moyo wa msewu ndi magwiridwe antchito, kupereka kusintha kolembedwa m'malo ogwirira ntchito m'munda ndi m'ma laboratories.
Njira imeneyi ikuonetsetsa kuti misewu ikuluikulu, misewu ya m'mizinda, ndi zomangamanga zolemera zimasunga ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi mtengo wokonzanso. Misewu yomwe imachokera imakhala yokonzeka bwino kupirira kutentha kwambiri popanda kugwedezeka, komanso kutentha kochepa popanda kusweka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti maukonde azigwira ntchito m'malo ovuta komanso osiyanasiyana.
Kukhazikika kwa Njira ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino mu Kupanga kwa Asphalt Yosinthidwa ndi Polymer
Kusamalira kukhazikika panthawi yonse yopanga phula yosinthidwa ndi polima kumafuna kuwongolera kwambiri zinthu zingapo. Mtundu wa polima ndi mlingo wake ziyenera kufananizidwa ndi chakudya cha phula kudzera mu kuyesa koyenera, chifukwa ngakhale kusagwirizana pang'ono kumayambitsa kulekanitsidwa kwa gawo kapena kusagwirizana kwa binder. Kuchuluka kwabwino kwambiri—komwe nthawi zambiri kumazindikirika kudzera mu kuyesa koyesera—kumathandiza kukwaniritsa malo ofewa, mphamvu zomangika, ndi kusinthasintha, pomwe polima wochulukirapo angachepetse kusinthasintha kapena kupanga zovuta zokonza.
Kutentha n'kofunika kwambiri mu njira zosinthira phula la polima. Kusakaniza nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa 160°C ndi 185°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti polima isasungunuke bwino kapena kutentha kuwonongeke. Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuswa ma polima, zomwe zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a polima pakapita nthawi. Kuchepetsa kutentha kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha kusungunuka kwa polima kosakwanira komanso kusasakanikirana bwino. Liwiro losakaniza ndilofunika kwambiri: pang'onopang'ono kwambiri limaletsa kufalikira kokwanira, pomwe mwachangu kwambiri kumawonjezera kudulidwa ndipo, modabwitsa, kungayambitse kulekanitsidwa kwa tinthu. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kusakaniza pakati pa 500–2000 rpm, komwe kumapangidwa kuti kugwirizane ndi kukula kwa batch ndi geometry yosakaniza, kumapangitsa kuti kusakaniza kukhale kofanana. Nthawi yokhalamo—nthawi yomwe phula ndi polima zimakhalabe pansi pa kugwedezeka—iyenera kukonzedwa bwino; nthawi yosakwanira imabweretsa kuyankha kosakwanira, pomwe kuchulukira kungayambitse kulekanitsidwa kwa gawo pamene zowonjezera zimakhazikika pambuyo pa kuyimitsidwa.
Pakupanga phula losinthidwa ndi polymer, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyeza bwino zinthu zopangira ndikusintha maphikidwe ngati pakufunika kusakaniza kulikonse. Izi zimathandiza kuti zinthu zikonzedwe nthawi yeniyeni ngati kuchuluka kwa polymer, kutentha, kapena mawonekedwe osakaniza akusiyana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa. Mwachitsanzo, chomangira cha PMA chapamwamba cha mayendedwe a ndege chingafunike kuwongolera kwakanthawi kochepa pa ma ratio owonjezera ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha, ndi zitsanzo zazing'ono zoyesera zomwe zawunikidwa kuti zitsimikizire kufanana kwa phula lonse lisanamalizidwe. Njira zogwirira ntchito za phula zimakhala zothandiza makamaka pazinthu zapadera, zazing'ono, kapena zamtengo wapatali za phula.
Kupanga kosalekeza, ngakhale kuli kothandiza pakupanga zinthu zambiri, kumabweretsa mavuto pakukonza bwino kukhazikika kwa njira. Zinthu nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa ndi kuchuluka, zomwe zingayambitse kusinthasintha kwa mlingo wa polima kapena wokhazikika ngati njira zodyetsera sizikukonzedwa bwino. Njira zopitilira zimadalira muyeso wapaintaneti ndi mayankho a nthawi yeniyeni kuti zisunge kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi kukhuthala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu ya ultrasonic—monga yomwe imapangidwa ndi Lonnmeter—kumapereka njira zowongolera kuchuluka kwa zinthu za asphalt mosalekeza, zolondola kwambiri, kuchenjeza mainjiniya a njira nthawi yomweyo za kupotoka komwe kungasonyeze kulekana kwa gawo, kusungunuka kwa nthaka, kapena kusagwirizana kwa chakudya. Mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu yapaintaneti imaonetsetsanso kuti rheology ya binder imakhalabe mkati mwa zofunikira, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa miyezo ya dziko lonse komanso ya polojekiti.
Kusalamulira bwino magawo a ndondomeko kumabweretsa zoopsa zingapo. Ngati kutentha kosakanikirana kuli kotsika kwambiri, ma polima akhoza kukhala osasungunuka ndi kusonkhana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chomangira chosafanana chikhale chosagwira ntchito bwino. Kudula kwambiri kapena kukhala nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kulekana kwa gawo kapena kuyambitsa kuwonongeka, makamaka mu zosakaniza ndi polypropylene kapena polyethylene waste modifiers. Kulekana kwa magawo—momwe magawo olemera a polima ndi phula amagawanika mkati mwa matanki kapena panthawi yosungira—kumabweretsa kugawanika kooneka bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito osinthasintha kwambiri. Kusefukira kwa nthaka kumachitika ngati tinthu ta polima kapena zodzaza timamira kapena kuyandama chifukwa cha kusalingana kwa kachulukidwe, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti zinthu zomangira phula zisagwirizane. Zochitikazi sizimangowononga mawonekedwe a makina ndi rheological a phula komanso kulimba kwake kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa zovuta za magalimoto ndi nyengo.
Choncho, kuwongolera khalidwe kumaphatikiza kapangidwe kake kokhwima ndi kuyang'anira komwe kukuchitika. Njira zosakaniza asphalt kuti zigwire bwino ntchito zimadalira kusunga zinthu zonse zofunika mkati mwa njira yawo yoyenera panthawi yonseyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso yodalirika ya inline ya kachulukidwe ndi kukhuthala—makamaka muyeso wa ultrasonic density mu kupanga asphalt woperekedwa ndi Lonnmeter—kumathandiza kusunga kuwongolera kolimba kwa kapangidwe kake. Pamene kupotoka kwapezeka, machitidwe amakono ndi kuyika chizindikiro ndikusinthira chinthu chosadziwika kuti chigwiritsidwenso ntchito m'malo mochilola kuti chilowe mu unyolo woperekera, zomwe zimalimbitsa kufunika kwa kulamulira kwa batch ndi zowongolera zokha pakugwira ntchito kosalekeza.
Pomaliza pake, kuyanjana kwa kutentha, liwiro losakanikirana, nthawi yokhazikika, ndi kulinganiza bwino kwa chakudya kumathandizira mbali iliyonse ya kusintha kwa phula la polima. Kulephera kutsatira izi kumabweretsa mavuto kuyambira kulekanitsa magawo ndi kusungunuka kwa nthaka mpaka kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa ma binder, kuopseza magwiridwe antchito a msewu ndi kufupikitsa nthawi ya ntchito.
Kulamulira Kukhuthala ndi Kuchuluka kwa Phula: Zida ndi Njira
Kuwongolera bwino kukhuthala kwa phula ndikofunikira kuti ntchito yake ikhale yosalala, yolimba, komanso yogwira ntchito bwino kwa msewu kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukhuthala kumakhudza kukhuthala kwa phula—momwe limayendera mosavuta kudzera m'mapampu, mapaipi, ndi zida zosakaniza panthawi yopanga phula yosinthidwa ndi polima. Ngati kukhuthala kupitirira malire oyenera, phula lingakhale lovuta kuligwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsekere kapena kuphimba bwino ma aggregates. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kukhuthala koyipa kungayambitse kulekanitsidwa kwa kusakaniza, kusalimba mokwanira, komanso kuchepa kwa kulimba kwa msewu.
Kukhuthala kumakhudzanso kugwira ntchito bwino. Kukhuthala kochepa kumawonjezera kukhuthala kwa kupopa koma kungasokoneze luso la kusakaniza kuti kukhale kolimba, pomwe kukhuthala kwakukulu kumayambitsa kuyenda kolimba komanso kusakanizika kosakwanira. Njira zosinthira phula la polymer, monga kuphatikiza SBS kapena PTFE, zimalola kusintha kwa kukhuthala kolunjika pa ntchito zinazake. Kusankha mosamala ndi mlingo wa zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosakaniza phula kuti zigwire bwino ntchito kumatsimikizira kuti kuyenda bwino, kukana kutentha, komanso kuchepetsa ming'alu. Mita ya kukhuthala yozungulira, monga yomwe imapangidwa ndi Lonnmeter, imathandizira kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni komanso kuwongolera bwino mayankho panthawi yopanga ndi kunyamula phula. Mita iyi imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kutentha ndi zowonjezera mosinthasintha, kupewa kutsekeka kwa phula ndikuwonetsetsa kuti gulu lililonse limasunga mawonekedwe ofanana panthawi yonseyi.
Kulamulira kuchulukana kwa phula n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuchulukana kwabwino kwa phula kumatsimikizira ubwino wa kukanikizana, mphamvu ya msewu, ndi kulimba. Kuchulukana kosakwanira kumasiya mpweya wochuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chilowe, kuyenda, komanso kulephera kutopa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kukanikizana kwambiri kumatha kutulutsa chomangira chochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ophwanyika akhale ofooka komanso osweka. Njira zamakono zowongolera kuchulukana kwa phula zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosalekeza, wosawononga kuti upereke ndemanga nthawi yeniyeni. Pakati pa izi, mita yoyezera kuchulukana kwa phula—yophatikizidwa m'mapaipi opangira kapena malo owunikira—imapereka mawerengedwe achangu a kuchulukana kwa zinthu potanthauzira kutumiza kwa mafunde a mawu kudzera mu chisakanizocho. Mawerengedwe awa amathandizira kusintha komwe kumachitika pamalopo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kukanikizana kofanana ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zofooka zokhudzana ndi kuchulukana.
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma ultrasonic mu kupanga phula ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika njira ndi kutsimikizira khalidwe. Mwa kukhazikitsa ma ultrasound density mita a Lonnmeter pamalo ofunikira pakusakaniza ndi kusamutsa, ogwira ntchito amalowa m'ma profiles a density, kuzindikira zolakwika zilizonse zikangoyamba. Izi zimathandizira njira zochepetsera kufalikira kwa zinthu, monga kusintha liwiro losakaniza kapena chakudya chophatikizana, kusunga kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu pa voliyumu yonse yopangidwa.
Kusinthasintha kwa kachulukidwe ndi kukhuthala kwa mpweya kungawononge mphamvu yopangira komanso kukhazikika kwa msewu kwa nthawi yayitali. Kudumpha kwakukulu, mwadzidzidzi kwa kukhuthala kwa mpweya—nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha zowonjezera zosagwirizana kapena kusintha kwa kutentha—kumayambitsa kupindika kosasinthasintha komanso kukhuthala kosafanana. Kuyesa kuyanjana kwa phulusa ndi njira yodziwira; potsimikizira kuti phula loyambira, ma polima, ndi zinthu zina zosinthira zimasakanikirana bwino, opanga amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka kotere. Kupewa kutsekeka kwa mpweya m'mapaipi a phula kumagwiritsa ntchito masensa ozungulira: akangopezeka kuti kukhuthala kwa mpweya kukukwera, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulowererapo zinthu zisanasonkhanitsidwe kapena mapaipi atatsekedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwikiratu bwino zotsekeka kwa mpweya m'mapaipi poyendetsa phula.
Kuwunika kwa makhalidwe a rheological kumapanga maziko asayansi a kayendetsedwe ka njira yokhazikika ya phula. Mayeso monga dynamic shear rheometry samangowerengera momwe zinthu zilili komanso amavumbula momwe chisakanizo chidzayankhire pansi pa kupsinjika kwa ntchito ndi kutentha. Kumvetsetsa makhalidwe amenewa kumalumikizana mwachindunji ndi kukhazikika kwa njira—kukhazikika kwa rheology kumafanana ndi kukhuthala ndi kuchulukana kokhazikika panthawi yonse yopanga, kukhuthala, ndi kuzizira. Ma profiles ofotokozedwa bwino a rheological amatanthauza kusakaniza kofanana, kukhuthala bwino, komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa kulekanitsidwa.
Kuphatikiza zida zoyezera kukhuthala ndi kuchulukana kwa zinthu nthawi yeniyeni, makamaka zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma ultrasound ndi ma inline, kumawongolera kuwongolera njira. Kusintha koyendetsedwa ndi deta—komwe kumatheka ndi zida zochokera kwa opanga monga Lonnmeter—kumatsimikizira kuti gulu lililonse likukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupopa, kugwira ntchito, mphamvu, ndi kulimba, kuthandizira kukonza kukhazikika kwa njira ya phula ndikukweza mtundu wonse wa misewu yamakono.
Kuletsa Kutsekeka ndi Kusunga Kuyenda kwa Njira mu Mapaipi a Asphalt
Kutsekeka kwa mapaipi a phula, makamaka panthawi yopanga phula losinthidwa ndi polymer, kumachokera ku kuyanjana kovuta kwa ma polima ndi phula, mikhalidwe yosinthika ya njira, komanso kusakwanira kulamulira zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Mu njira zosinthira phula la polymer, nkhani monga kulekanitsa gawo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba, ndi kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwa viscosity kungayambitse zoletsa pang'ono kapena zonse mkati mwa mzere.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kutsekeka kwa phula ndi monga kusagwirizana kwa mankhwala kapena kapangidwe kake pakati pa phula ndi polima yosankhidwa. Zosakaniza zosagwirizana, makamaka zomwe zimaphatikizapo ma polima obwezerezedwanso monga PET kapena PE, zimakhala zosiyana pang'ono kapena kuphatikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhuthala kwakukulu komwe kumachepetsa kuyenda ndikugwira tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Ma polima olemera awa amatha kukhalabe osasunthika panthawi yosakaniza kwambiri koma amatha kukhazikika akangochepetsa kukhuthala kapena kutentha kukatsika, ndikupanga ma slugs kapena ma gels olimba mkati mwa payipi. Kutentha mwachangu kapena kusakaniza kosakwanira kumawonjezeranso zotsatirazi, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidutswa za polima zosasakanikirana zisonkhanirane pamapipe kapena kutsekeka. Kusungunuka koyipa kwa ma polima enaake kapena kuchuluka kwambiri kumathanso kukulitsa kukhuthala kwa kusakaniza mwadzidzidzi, ndikuchepetsa zenera lotetezeka logwirira ntchito kuti payipi iyende bwino.
Kusintha kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika m'mapaipi kumakhudza kukhuthala kwa malo ndi kukhazikika kwa njira. Malo otentha kapena ozizira omwe amapezeka m'malo ena—omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kutentha kosagwirizana kapena kulephera kwa kutenthetsa—amakhala ngati malo oyambira kuuma kapena kulekanitsa gawo, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri njira zosinthira phula la polymer. Izi zimachitika makamaka m'mizere yayitali kapena yotetezedwa bwino, komwe ngakhale kutentha pang'ono kumatha kukhudza kwambiri kuyenda kwa madzi. Madera oyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena osakhazikika amalimbikitsa kukhazikika kwa asphaltenes ndi ma polima osabalalika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusungunuka kwa madzi.
Kusunga kuchulukana kwa phula ndi kukhuthala kokhazikika kumafuna kuyang'anira mosamala komanso mosalekeza. Zipangizo zozungulira monga Lonnmeter ultrasonic density meters zimathandiza kupereka mayankho nthawi yeniyeni pa njira zowongolera kuchulukana kwa phula ndikutsatira mwachindunji kufalikira kwa kusintha kwa magawo kapena kuphatikiza kwa polymer. Kuphatikiza ndi inline viscosity meters, machitidwewa amazindikira kuyamba kwa kusintha kwa kukhuthala nthawi yayitali malire otsekeka asanafike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yosinthira. Kuphatikiza kwa mita iyi yosasokoneza kumathandiza kuzindikira koyambirira kwa zochitika zosakhazikika zosakanikirana, kuthandizira kuyenda kokhazikika m'zochitika zachizolowezi komanso zosinthika kwambiri za polymer asphalt.
Kupewa kogwira mtima kumadalira njira zogwirizanitsa phula kuti zigwirizane bwino komanso kuti madzi aziyenda bwino. Kusefa kwamkati kumakhalabe chitetezo chachikulu: zotchingira maukonde kapena zosefera zachitsulo zosungunuka, zopangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi malo osakanikirana ndi ogwirira ntchito, zimasunga ma agglomerates, sikelo, ndi zinthu zolimba zotsalira zisanasonkhanitsidwe m'magawo a mapaipi osatetezeka. Kuyang'ana nthawi zonse komanso kokonzedwa bwino kwa zosefera ndikofunikira chifukwa chakuti zinthu zolimba kwambiri zimasakanikirana ndi zinthu zosefera mwachangu. Machitidwe osefera amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi njira zowongolera kutentha ndi kutentha. Ngakhale kutsika pang'ono pansi pa kutentha kosakanikirana bwino kungayambitse kulimba kwa malo, kuwononga zosefera zapansi.
Ma protocol oyambitsa kugwedezeka—kuyambira kusakaniza kosalekeza kwa makina mpaka kusinthasintha kwa nthawi ndi nthawi—amathandizira kufalikira kofanana ndikuletsa kukhazikika. Kugwedezeka kwa makina mkati mwa matanki osakanikirana ndi magawo a mapaipi kumathandiza kuti ma polima ndi asphaltenes okhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri azingidwe, kulimbana mwachindunji ndi kugawikana kwa ma stratification ndi chiopsezo cha kusonkhana kwa malo. Kugwedezeka kosalekeza ndikofunikira kwambiri makamaka panthawi yocheperako kapena kusokonezeka kwa njira.
Kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa kutsekeka kwa mapaipi a phula komanso kukonza bwino kukhazikika kwa njira. Machitidwe odziyimira pawokha, pogwiritsa ntchito muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa ultrasonic popanga phula ndi viscometry yamkati, amathandizira kusintha kwa kutentha, kusakaniza, ndi kuchuluka kwa mapampu malinga ndi momwe zinthu zimasinthira. Njira zowongolera izi zimachepetsa zolakwika za anthu ndikusintha momwe zinthu zimachitikira kuti zipewe kutsekeka, ngakhale pamene zinthu zodyetsera kapena momwe zinthu zachilengedwe zimasinthira.
Ntchito yowunikira njira imapitilira ndi zipangizo zowunikira zapamwamba—monga nkhumba zanzeru za mapaipi kapena ma robotic probe—zomwe zimayesa momwe mkati mwa mapaipi mulili. Zida zimenezi zimazindikira kupotoka kwa khoma kapena zopinga zomwe zikuchitika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kukonza koteteza kutsekeka kusanayambe kusokoneza ntchito.
Mwachidule, kupewa zoletsa pa mizere yosinthidwa ya phula kumafuna njira yokwanira: njira zowongolera zosakaniza, njira zolimba zosinthira ndi kusefa, kuyang'anira kutentha kolondola, ndipo koposa zonse, kuyang'anira kosalekeza kuchulukana ndi kukhuthala pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga Lonnmeter ultrasonic density mita. Njira izi pamodzi zimatsimikizira kuti mayendedwe ndi opanda mavuto, magwiridwe antchito abwino, komanso khalidwe labwino la zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pamitundu yonse ya phula yosinthidwa ndi polymer komanso mapangidwe obwezeretsanso.
Kukhazikika ndi Kubwezeretsanso mu Kusintha kwa Asphalt
Kuphatikiza ma polima obwezerezedwanso, makamaka polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ndi polyethylene (PE), kwakhala kofunika kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa kupanga phula losinthidwa ndi polymer. Mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso awa, ochokera ku zinyalala zomwe zimagulitsidwa pambuyo pa kugula kapena mafakitale, amaphatikizidwa kudzera mu njira zosinthidwa bwino za phula la polymer monga njira zosakaniza zouma ndi zonyowa. Njira zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi mfundo zachuma zozungulira mwa kusuntha mapulasitiki kuchokera ku malo otayira zinyalala ndikuziyika mu zomangamanga zokhazikika zapamsewu.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti kubwezeretsanso PET ndi PE sikuti kumangochepetsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zopangira komanso kumawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu za makina osakaniza a phula. Phula losinthidwa ndi PET limathandizira mphamvu yokoka, kukana ming'alu, komanso kulimba kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe PE imawonjezera kusinthasintha ndikulimbitsa kukana kusintha kwa kutentha pamlingo wosiyanasiyana. Kugwirizana pakati pa PET ndi PE kumalola kusintha kwa zotsatira za makina - mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kwa 6% PE ndi 2% PET kwanenedwa kuti kumawonjezera mphamvu yokoka komanso kukhazikika konse.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa ma polima awa kumakhudza miyeso yayikulu ya thupi: kukhuthala, kuchulukana, ndi kutentha kwa chogwirira cha phula. Ndi PE kapena PET yobwezeretsedwanso, kukhuthala kwa chogwirira nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukana kwa ma rut kukhale kolimba, makamaka pamene kutentha kuli kwakukulu kapena kutentha kuli kokwera. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ma polima ambiri kumatha kupangitsa kuti kukhuthala kukhale kwakukulu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwira ntchito bwino panthawi yosakaniza phula ndi kupanga miyala. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira koyang'anira mosamala mlingo, kuyesa kolimba kwa phula kuti ligwirizane ndi zinthu zomwe zili mu phula, komanso njira zabwino zosakaniza phula kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
Kusintha kwa kachulukidwe kumayenderananso ndi kuwonjezera kwa polima. Pamene ma polima amalumikizana mkati mwa bituminous matrix, pali kukhudzidwa koyezeka pa kachulukidwe—kofunikira kwambiri pakugwirizanitsa kosakaniza ndi miyezo ya volumetric. Njira zowongolera kuchulukana kwa asphalt pogwiritsa ntchito ma ultrasonic density mita, monga omwe amapangidwa ndi Lonnmeter, zimapereka kuwunika kolondola kuti zisunge zolinga zofunikira. Mofananamo, kukonza kukhazikika kwa njira ya asphalt nthawi zambiri kumadalira kuyeza kuchulukana kwa ultrasonic nthawi yeniyeni popanga asphalt kuti azindikire ndikukonza zolakwika, kuthandizira mwachindunji khalidwe lokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobwezerezedwanso. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa kusintha kwa kuchulukana ndi kukhuthala kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti kupewe kukhuthala kosakwanira kapena chiopsezo cha kusintha kwa moyo wachinyamata.
Kuwunika kwa makina a phula losinthidwa ndi polymer nthawi zonse kumasonyeza kusintha kwa kukhazikika kwa Marshall, kukana kwa rutting komwe kumayesedwa kudzera mu Hamburg wheel tracking, komanso moyo wotopa. Deta ya m'ma laboratories imatsimikizira kuti zosakaniza za PET ndi PE zomwe zimayikidwa bwino zimaposa zowongolera zachikhalidwe pamayeso apamwamba komanso otsika kutentha, pomwe PET imathandizira kukhazikika kwa mankhwala komanso mphamvu zotsutsana ndi ukalamba. Chodziwika bwino ndi chakuti, phula losinthidwa lotere limawonjezera moyo wautumiki ndi 14-65% poyerekeza ndi misewu yachikhalidwe, yomwe imachedwetsa njira zosungira zokwera mtengo komanso zogwiritsa ntchito kaboni wambiri.
Ubwino wa chilengedwe uli ndi mbali zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima obwezerezedwanso kumachepetsa mpweya woipa wowononga chilengedwe—osati kokha pochepetsa kutulutsa zinthu zomwe sizinali zamoyo komanso kudzera mu nthawi yayitali yopuma pamsewu komanso nthawi yochepa yokonzanso zinthu. Kuwunika kwa moyo wonse kukuwonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse ndi mpweya woipa, makamaka pamene mitsinje ya zinyalala zakomweko ikupereka chakudya chosinthira. Kwa anthu ammudzi, izi zikutanthauza kuti zinyalala zochepa zimatayidwa ndipo mpweya woipa umachepa pa kilomita imodzi ya msewu womangidwa kapena wokonzedwanso.
Chitsimikizo cha khalidwe (QA) chikadali chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito kungachokere ku magwero obwezerezedwanso osasinthasintha kapena kusakaniza kosakwanira. Ma protocol apamwamba a QA tsopano akuphatikizapo mayeso a rheological (monga Rolling Thin Film Oven Test yoyeserera ukalamba, dynamic shear rheometry yowunikira kuuma ndi kusinthasintha) ndi kuwunika kwa katundu weniweni (Marshall kukhazikika, kulowa mkati, kusinthasintha, ndi malo ofewetsa). Kudzera mu QA yokhazikika, yothandizidwa ndi kuwongolera njira zowerengera ndi zida zolimba zoyezera pamalopo - kuphatikiza inline density ndi viscosity metres kuchokera ku Lonnmeter - opanga ndi omwe angatsimikizire kufanana ndi magwiridwe antchito anthawi yayitali. Masitepe opitilira a QA awa ndi ofunikira pakukonza bwino kukhazikika kwa njira ya asphalt komanso kuletsa njira zotsekereza mapaipi pakunyamula asphalt kapena panthawi yobwezeretsanso.
Ponseponse, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino PET ndi PE zobwezerezedwanso posintha phula kukuwonetsa njira yothandiza komanso yothandiza yopita ku zomangamanga za misewu zokhazikika. Kupambana kawiri kwa magwiridwe antchito abwino a makina ndi phindu lodziwika bwino la chilengedwe kumatsimikizira kusintha komwe kukupitilira kukhala kupanga phula lobiriwira komanso lamtengo wapatali losinthidwa ndi polima.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi cholinga cha kusintha phula mu uinjiniya wa panjira ndi chiyani?
Kusintha kwa phula kumayang'ana kwambiri kukonza zinthu zomangira kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zazikulu za magalimoto amakono komanso mavuto a malo ovuta. Mwa kuphatikiza zinthu zosinthira monga ma polima, mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso, kapena rabala ya crumb, mainjiniya amatha kulimbitsa kukana kwa mayendedwe, kutopa, ndi kusweka kwa kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) imawonjezera mphamvu yokoka komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha, pomwe rabala ya crumb imawonjezera kusinthasintha ndikuwonjezera moyo wa msewu. Njirazi zimathandizira kulimba kwa msewu ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kokonza pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zosinthira phula la polymer zimathandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga zokhazikika pophatikiza zinthu zobwezerezedwanso ndikukonza magwiridwe antchito a kapangidwe kake pansi pamavuto.
Kodi kusakaniza phula kumakhudza bwanji makhalidwe a msewu womaliza?
Kusakaniza, kaya kuphatikiza njira yobwezeretsanso ya asphalt pavement (RAP) kapena kuphatikiza zomangira zachikale ndi zakale, kumatsimikizira mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a njira. Kusakaniza kogwira mtima kumatsimikizira kusakaniza kofanana, komwe kumakhudza kukhuthala, kuchulukana, kugwira ntchito, ndi mphamvu yamakina. Kusakaniza kosakwanira kungayambitse madera ofooka, kuchepa kwa kukana kutopa, komanso kulimba kosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza pang'ono ndi RAP kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa zomangira zogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisweke kapena zichepetse kukana kwa rutting. Kusakaniza kokhazikika kumachitika kudzera mu njira zabwino zosakaniza asphalt kuti zigwire bwino ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti ma polima ndi zowonjezera zimafalikira bwino mkati mwa matrix ya zomangira kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zofanana.
Kodi kupanga phula losinthidwa ndi polima n'chiyani ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani kuwongolera khalidwe ndikofunikira?
Kupanga phula losinthidwa ndi polima kumaphatikiza ma polima opangidwa ndi phula m'magawo olumikizira phula kuti awonjezere mphamvu monga kukana kwa ma rut, kusinthasintha, komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha. Kuchita bwino kwa njirayi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kolamulidwa bwino, nthawi yosakanikirana, ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha. Kuwongolera khalidwe ndikofunikira kwambiri—kuyang'anira magawo monga kukhuthala ndi kuchulukana kudzera mu mita yamkati kumawonetsetsa kuti ma polima amagawidwa mofanana, kumaletsa kulekanitsidwa kwa magawo, komanso kumalola kutulutsa kobwerezabwereza komanso kwapamwamba. Popanda chitsimikizo chapamwamba kwambiri, njira zosinthira phula la polima zitha kubweretsa magwiridwe antchito osasinthasintha komanso kuchepa kwa nthawi ya misewu.
N’chifukwa chiyani kuwongolera kuchulukana kwa phula n’kofunika ndipo kumachitika bwanji?
Kusunga kuchuluka kwa phula koyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti msewu ukhale wolimba. Kukhazikika bwino kwa phula kungayambitse kusokonekera msanga kwa phula, kusweka, komanso kuchepa kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Maukadaulo monga ma ultrasound density meters amapereka miyeso yolondola komanso yeniyeni, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha nthawi yomweyo popanga. Njira yosawononga iyi imaphatikizidwa mu njira zamakono zowongolera kuchuluka kwa phula, zomwe zimapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito deta yofunikira kuti asunge khalidwe logwirizana komanso kukhazikika, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yokhwima yamakampani. Mwachitsanzo, ma inline density meters a Lonnmeter amapereka muyeso wamphamvu wa ultrasound density mu njira zopangira phula, kupereka chidziwitso chogwira ntchito mkati mwa masekondi.
Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa kutsekeka kwa mapaipi a phula ndipo kodi angapewedwe bwanji?
Kutsekeka kwa madzi kumachokera ku kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa kukhuthala kwa madzi, kusagwirizana kwa chakudya, kapena kutsika kwa kutentha komwe kumayambitsa kuyika kwa asphaltene ndi sera mkati mwa mapaipi. Zosintha zosasakanikirana bwino kapena kutentha kosakwanira kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo. Kupewa kumayamba ndi kutentha kokhazikika, njira zodalirika zosakanikirana, ndikuwunika nthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito mita yozungulira. Kuyang'anira zida nthawi zonse ndi machitidwe abwino otetezera kutentha kumachepetsa malo otentha kapena matumba ozizira. Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'anira njira zowongolera kukhuthala kwa madzi a asphalt nthawi yeniyeni kumalola kusintha koyambirira, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kutsekeka kwa mapaipi ndikusunga kuyenda kosalala - chofunikira kwambiri popewa kutsekeka kwa madzi a asphalt m'mapaipi a asphalt.
Kodi kugwirizana kwa chakudya kumakhudza bwanji kukhazikika kwa njira yosinthira phula?
Kugwirizana kwa chakudya ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kukhazikika kwa njira ya phula. Chomangira chogwirizana chimagwirira ntchito mofanana ndi ma polima kapena zowonjezera, zomwe zimathandiza kusakaniza mofanana ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zolekanitsa magawo. Zakudya zosagwirizana zimatha kupereka kufalikira kosagwirizana, kukwera kwa kukhuthala kwakukulu, komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kutsekeka kapena mawonekedwe osakwanira a makina. Kuyesa kuyanjana kwa chakudya cha asphalt kumachitika kudzera mu kusanthula kwa rheological ndi molecular kuti awone kuthekera kolumikizana. Gawoli ndilofunikira kwambiri pakupanga phula losinthidwa ndi polima kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito a msewu kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kudalirika kwa kupanga.
Kodi ntchito ya ultrasonic density meters pa kukonza phula ndi yotani?
Ma ultrasonic density meter ndi ofunikira kwambiri popanga phula kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa phula mosalekeza. Zipangizozi zimatulutsa ma ultrasound pulses kudzera mumtsinje wa phula ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa phula kutengera liwiro la mafunde, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kukhuthala kwa zinthu ndi kukhuthala. Kuyankha kwawo nthawi yeniyeni kumathandiza kuwongolera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa phula, kuthandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira kupotoka nthawi yomweyo. Kuphatikiza kwa ma meter otere, kuphatikiza omwe akuchokera ku Lonnmeter, kumathandizira kutsimikizira khalidwe, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa zinthu, komanso kumawonjezera kutsatira njira zowongolera kuchuluka kwa phula. Ma ultrasound density meter opangira phula ndi njira yotsimikizika yotsimikizira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba ofunikira m'makampani opanga magalimoto masiku ano.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-16-2025
