I. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwanzeru mu Njira Zosungunula Paraffin Sera
1.1 Kuwunika Kukhuthala kwa Nthawi Yeniyeni: Chiyambi cha Kulamulira Machitidwe
Kupanga sera ya parafini kumaphatikizapo kuyang'anira momwe zinthu zilili m'thupi la chisakanizo chovuta cha magawo a hydrocarbon okhuta. Vuto lalikulu ndikuwongolera kusintha kuchokera ku mkhalidwe wosungunuka kupita ku mkhalidwe wolimba, womwe umadziwika ndi kuyamba kwa crystallization pamene kutentha kwa madzi kumatsika pansi pa malo ake amtambo. Kukhuthala kumagwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro chofunikira komanso chenicheni cha kusinthaku ndipo ndiye muyeso wolunjika kwambiri wa momwe madziwo alili komanso kusinthasintha kwake.
Kuwunika kwa viscosity nthawi yeniyeni ndiLonnmeter viscometerimapereka ubwino waukulu kuposa njira zachikhalidwe zopezera zitsanzo pamanja. Kupereka zitsanzo pamanja kumangopereka chithunzithunzi cha mbiri yakale ya njirayi ndipo kumabweretsa kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa nthawi, zolakwika za anthu, ndi zoopsa zachitetezo pochita ndi madzi otentha komanso opanikizika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Lonnmeter viscometer imapereka deta yosalekeza, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale njira yowongolera yolondola komanso yolondola.
Pulogalamu yoyamba ndikudziwa mapeto a zomwe zimachitikaMu njira zopangira polymerization kapena blending, kukhuthala kwa chisakanizocho kumawonjezeka pamene ma molecular chains akukula m'litali ndi cross-link. Mwa kuyang'anira mawonekedwe a kukhuthala nthawi yeniyeni, Lonnmeter viscometer imatha kuzindikira nthawi yeniyeni yomwe kukhuthala komwe cholinga chake chafikira, kusonyeza kutha kwa zomwe zachitika. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zinthu zimakhala bwino kuyambira pa batch kupita pa batch ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri popewa zochitika zosafunikira za exothermic kapena kuuma kosafunikira kwa chinthucho mkati mwa reactor.
Kuphatikiza apo, Lonnmeter viscometer ndi yothandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda a mtima.kulamulira kwa makristalo. Kapangidwe ka parafini wosungunuka m'thupi kamakhala kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kutentha. Kusintha kwa kutentha kwa 1°C kokha kungasinthe kukhuthala ndi 10%. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, viscometer ya Lonnmeter ili ndi sensa yotenthetsera yomwe ili mkati. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zimalola makina owongolera kulandira kukhuthala komwe kumalipidwa ndi kutentha. Makinawa amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa kusintha kwa kukhuthala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwenikweni kwa momwe parafini imagwirira ntchito, monga kupangika koyamba kwa makristalo a sera. Kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti makina owongolera apange zisankho zanzeru, monga kusintha liwiro lozizira kuti madzi azikhala pamwamba pa malo ake amtambo popanda kuyambitsa kuuma ndi kukhazikika pamakoma a mapaipi.
1.2 Kuwunika Kuchuluka kwa Mitsinje Yothandizira: Kulungamitsidwa kwa "Madzi Owirikiza"
Ngakhale kuti LONNMETER600-4 densimeter ili ndi mphamvu yoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi aliwonse, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake popanga sera ya parafini yosungunuka n'kofunika kwambiri ndipo n'koyenera m'njira zinazake zothandizira. Chinsinsi cha kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'zochitika zomwe kuchuluka kwa madzi kumapereka muyeso wolunjika komanso wosatsutsika wa chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri.
Kukhuthala kochepa kwa densimeter kwa 2000 cP kumatanthauza kuti si chida choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mzere waukulu wa paraffin wokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu, koma kuchepa kumeneku ndiko komwe kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa mitsinje ina, yopanda kukhuthala kwenikweni.
Chimodzi mwa izi ndimacheke a kuyera kwa zinthu zopangira. Chakudya cha parafini chisanalowe mu reactor yayikulu, LONNMETER600-4 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwake. Kupatuka kuchoka pa kuchuluka komwe kumayembekezeredwa kwa zinthu zopangira kungasonyeze kukhalapo kwa zodetsa kapena kusagwirizana mu chakudya, zomwe zimathandiza mainjiniya a njira kuti achitepo kanthu kuti akonze bwino zinthu zisanakonzedwe bwino.
Njira yachiwiri, yothandiza kwambiri, ili mukusakaniza kowonjezera. Njira za parafini nthawi zambiri zimafuna kulowetsedwa kwa zowonjezera za mankhwala, monga zoletsa pour point (PPD) ndi zochepetsera kukhuthala, kuti zisawononge makristalo ndikuwongolera makhalidwe oyenda. Zowonjezera izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa mu solvent, ndikupanga dongosolo losavuta komanso lodziwika bwino lamadzimadzi a binary. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa chisakanizocho kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa chowonjezeracho.LONNMETERmita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa anthuKulondola kwakukulu kwa ±0.003 g/cm³ kumalola kuwunika molondola komanso nthawi yeniyeni kwa kuchuluka kumeneku. Izi zimathandiza kuti makina owongolera okha azilamulira kuyenda kwa chowonjezeracho mokhulupirika kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti chinthu chomaliza chili ndi mphamvu zenizeni za mankhwala popanda kuwononga zinthu zodula. Kugwiritsa ntchito kolunjika kumeneku kukuwonetsa kumvetsetsa bwino mphamvu za ukadaulo ndi ntchito yake ngati chida chanzeru chowongolera khalidwe m'malo ovuta opangira.
Kukonzekera kwa Emulsions ya Paraffin Wax
IIMfundo Zoyambira za Kuyeza Madzi Ogwedezeka
2.1 Fiziki yaLonnmeterKugwedezeka kwa Viscometry
Lonnmeter LONN-ND online viscometer imagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya kugwedezeka kwa viscometry, njira yolimba kwambiri komanso yodalirika yowunikira madzi nthawi yeniyeni. Pakati pa ukadaulo uwu pali chinthu cholimba, chooneka ngati ndodo chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chizungulire mozungulira pafupipafupi yokhazikika. Chinthuchi chikamizidwa mumadzi, kuyenda kwake kumapanga mphamvu yodulidwa pa malo ozungulira. Kuchita kodulidwa kumeneku kumapanga kukoka kokhuthala, komwe kumachotsa mphamvu kuchokera ku chinthu chogwedezeka. Kukula kwa kutayika kwa mphamvu kumeneku kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukhuthala ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Dongosolo la Lonnmeter lili ndi makina oyendera magetsi apamwamba omwe nthawi zonse amayang'anira mphamvu zomwe zimatayika ku madzi. Kuti asunge mphamvu yogwedezeka nthawi zonse, makinawo ayenera kulipira mphamvu yotayikayi popereka mphamvu yofanana. Mphamvu yofunikira kuti mphamvu yosasunthika iyi ipitirire imayesedwa ndi microprocessor, yomwe kenako imamasulira chizindikiro chosaphika kukhala kuwerenga kwa viscosity. Ubalewu ndi wosavuta m'bukuli monga μ=λδ, pomwe μ ndiye kukhuthala kwa madzi, λ ndi chida chopanda miyeso chochokera ku calibration, ndipo δ imayimira kukhuthala kwa vibration degeneration. Komabe, fomula iyi imayimira chitsanzo chosavuta. Kutha kwenikweni ndi kulondola kwa chipangizochi, komwe kwafotokozedwa pa ±2% mpaka ±5%, kumachokera ku ma algorithms ake amkati opangira zizindikiro ndi curve yovuta, yosakhala yolunjika. Kukonza kwapamwamba kwa chizindikirochi kumapangitsa chipangizochi kupereka miyeso yolondola ngakhale madzi omwe si a Newtonian, omwe amawonetsa kusintha kwa viscosity kutengera kuchuluka kwa shear. Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta—kopanda ziwalo zosuntha, zomatira, kapena mabearing—kamapangitsa kuti kakhale koyenera kwambiri m'malo ovuta a mafakitale omwe ali ndi kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kwa madzi kuuma kapena kusunga zinyalala.
1.2 Mfundo Yogwirizana ya Kuyeza Ma Foloko Ozungulira:LONNMETER600-4
Densimeter ya LONNMETER imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya foroko yozungulira kuti idziwe kuchuluka kwa madzi. Chipangizochi chimakhala ndi chinthu cha foroko chozungulira chokhala ndi magawo awiri chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi resonance ndi piezoelectric crystal. Foloko yozungulira ikagwedezeka mu vacuum kapena mpweya, imatero pa frequency yake yachilengedwe yozungulira. Komabe, ikamizidwa mumadzimadzi, chozunguliracho chimayambitsa misa yowonjezera ku dongosolo. Chochitika ichi, chomwe chimadziwika kuti misa yowonjezera, chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa frequency ya resonant ya foloko. Kusintha kwa frequency ndi ntchito yolunjika ya kuchuluka kwa madzi ozungulira foloko.
Dongosolo la Lonnmeter limayesa molondola kusintha kwa ma frequency, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi kudzera mu ubale wolinganizidwa. Kuthekera kwa sensa kupereka muyeso wolondola kwambiri, ndi kulondola kwa ±0.003 g/cm³, ndi zotsatira zachindunji za kuzindikira kwa ma frequency kogwirizana kumeneku. Ngakhale mfundo yeniyeni ya ma fork densimeters imalola kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuyeza kuchuluka kwa slurries ndi mpweya, funso la wogwiritsa ntchito likuwonetsa ntchito inayake ya dongosolo la "binary liquid lokha". Kutsutsana kumeneku pakati pa kuthekera kwa ukadaulo ndi momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi chinthu chofunikira kuganizira. Tuning fork densimeter sikungokhala ndi madzi a binary okha. M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kothandiza munjira yovuta, yokhala ndi zigawo zambiri monga kupanga sera ya paraffin yosungunuka kumakonzedwa bwino pamene kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe kamodzi kumatha kugwirizanitsidwa moyenera ndi kusintha kwa njira imodzi, kofunikira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala choncho mu dongosolo losavuta la binary komwe kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe kumakhala ngati choyimira cha kuchuluka. Pa chisakanizo cha hydrocarbon chovuta monga paraffin wosungunuka, kuwerenga kwa kachulukidwe kamodzi kumakhala ndi ntchito yochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Lonnmeter LONN-ND viscometer ikhale chida choyenera kwambiri pa njira yayikulu yogwirira ntchito. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, densimeter imapeza mtengo wake wapamwamba komanso woyenera kwambiri mu mitsinje yothandizira komanso yovuta.
1.3 Mafotokozedwe a Chida ndi Magawo Ogwirira Ntchito: Kusanthula Koyerekeza
Kuyerekeza kwathunthu kwa Lonnmeter LONN-ND viscometer ndi LONN600-4 densimeter kukuwonetsa momwe zimagwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo kukuwonetsa ntchito zawo zogwirizana m'malo ovuta opangira. Tebulo lotsatirali limapanga zofunikira zaukadaulo, kuchokera ku zolemba zomwe zaperekedwa.
| Chizindikiro | Viscometer LONN-ND | Densimeter LONN600-4 |
| Mfundo Yoyezera | Ndodo Yogwedezeka (Kuchepetsa Kumeta) | Kutembenuza Foloko |
| Chiwerengero cha Muyeso | 1-1,000,000 cP | 0-2 g/cm³ |
| Kulondola | ±2% mpaka ±5% | ±0.003 g/cm³ |
| Kukhuthala Kwambiri | N/A (Imagwira ntchito yokhuthala kwambiri) | <2000 cP |
| Kutentha kwa Ntchito | 0-120°C (Wokhazikika) / 130-350°C (Kutentha Kwambiri) | -10-120°C |
| Kupanikizika kwa Ntchito | <4.0 MPa | <1.0 MPa |
| Zipangizo Zonyowa | 316, Teflon, Hastelloy | 316, Teflon, Hastelloy |
| Chizindikiro Chotulutsa | 4-20mADC, RS485 Modbus RTU | 4-20mADC |
| Kuyesa Kosaphulika | Ex dIIBT6 | Ex dIIBT6 |
Deta yomwe ili pamwambapa ikuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwaukadaulo komwe kumawonetsa momwe chida chilichonse chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwanzeru. Kuthekera kwa LONN-ND viscometer kugwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndikusamalira kukhuthala kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chomaliza cha mzere waukulu wa sera wa paraffin wosungunuka. Tsatanetsatane waukadaulo uwu umalimbikitsa chisankho chanzeru choyika densimeter m'mitsinje yothandizira, yotsika kwambiri.
III. Kuphatikiza Kopanda Msoko ndi Machitidwe Olamulira Mafakitale
3.1 Ma Lonnmeter Data Interfaces: 4-20mA ndi RS485 Modbus
Kuphatikiza bwino zida za Lonnmeter mu machitidwe amakono owongolera mafakitale ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa njira yopambana yoyendetsera ntchito.MITA-ND viscometer ndi LONNMITADensimeter ya 600-4 imapereka njira ziwiri zazikulu zolumikizirana deta: njira yachikhalidwe yotulutsira analog ya 4-20mADC ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri ya RS485 digital Modbus RTU.
Chizindikiro cha 4-20mADC ndi muyezo wolimba komanso womveka bwino wamakampani. Ndibwino kwambiri kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi chowongolera cha PID kapena module yolowera ya analog ya PLC. Cholepheretsa chake chachikulu ndichakuti chimangotumiza phindu limodzi lokha, monga kukhuthala kapena kuchulukana, nthawi imodzi. Kusavuta kumeneku ndi kwabwino pamalupu owongolera osavuta koma kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mtsinje wa data.
Ma interface a RS485 Modbus RTU amapereka yankho lokwanira. Mabuku a Lonnmeter amatchula protocol ya Modbus. Protocol iyi ya digito imalola chida chimodzi kupereka mfundo zingapo za data nthawi imodzi, monga kuwerenga kutentha komwe kumalipidwa ndi kutentha kwa madzi, kuchokera ku chipangizo chimodzi.
3.2 Njira Zabwino Kwambiri Zolumikizirana ndi DCS, SCADA, ndi MES
Kuphatikiza zida za Lonnmeter mu dongosolo lolamulira logawidwa (DCS), kuyang'anira kuyang'anira ndi kupeza deta (SCADA), kapena dongosolo lochita kupanga (MES) kumafuna njira yokonzedwa bwino komanso yokhala ndi magawo ambiri.
Chigawo cha Zida:Kulumikizana kwenikweni kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kotetezeka. Mabuku a Lonnmeter amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotetezedwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pansi pake pakhale bwino kuti muchepetse kusokoneza kwa ma signal, makamaka m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi ma mota amphamvu kwambiri kapena ma frequency converter.
Gawo la Logic:Mu PLC kapena DCS, deta ya sensa yosaphika iyenera kujambulidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuti chizindikiro cha 4-20mA chikhalepo, izi zimaphatikizapo kukulitsa njira yolowera ya analog kupita ku mayunitsi oyenera a uinjiniya. Pa Modbus, imafunika kukonza gawo lolumikizirana la PLC kuti litumize ma code olondola a ntchito ku ma adilesi olembetsedwa, kutenga deta yosaphika, kenako n’kuisintha kukhala mtundu wolondola wa floating-point. Gawoli limayang’anira kutsimikizira deta, kuzindikira zinthu zakunja, ndi mfundo zoyambira zowongolera.
Gawo Lowonetsera:Dongosolo la SCADA kapena MES limagwira ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a anthu ndi makina (HMI), kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chogwira ntchito. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupanga zowonetsera zomwe zimawonetsa deta ya sensa yeniyeni, deta yakale yomwe ikuyenda bwino, ndikukhazikitsa ma alamu a magawo ofunikira a njira. Deta yeniyeni kuchokera ku zida za Lonnmeter imasintha malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera ku malingaliro obwerezabwereza, akale kupita ku malingaliro oyambira, akanthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimawathandiza kupanga zisankho zodziwa bwino ndikuyankha ku zovuta za njira mwachangu kwambiri.
Vuto lalikulu pakuphatikizana ndiphokoso lamagetsi, zomwe zingakhudze kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro. Buku la malangizo la Lonnmeter limachenjeza momveka bwino za izi ndipo limalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotetezedwa. Vuto lina ndilakuti
kuchedwa kwa detamu ma network ovuta a Modbus. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yoyankha ya Lonnmeter ndi yachangu, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa intaneti kungayambitse kuchedwa. Kuyika patsogolo mapaketi a data ofunikira pa netiweki kungachepetse vutoli ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma loops olamulira omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nthawi amalandira deta mwachangu.
3.3 Kukhulupirika kwa Deta ndi Kupezeka Kwake Pa Nthawi Yeniyeni
Kufunika kwa ukadaulo wa Lonnmeter wowunikira pa intaneti kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kukhulupirika ndi kupezeka kwa deta yake. Kusankha zitsanzo zamanja mwachizolowezi kumangopereka zithunzi zingapo zakale zosasinthika za momwe zinthu zilili. Kuchedwa kwa nthawi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwongolera njira yosinthasintha molondola ndipo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusagwirizana kwa mtundu wa malonda, kulephera kwa mayankho, komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, luso la Lonnmeter viscometer lopereka deta yokhazikika komanso yeniyeni nthawi yeniyeni limasintha njira yowongolera kuchoka pa reactive kupita ku proactive. Nthawi yofulumira ya chipangizochi imalola kuti chijambule kusintha kwa mphamvu mu zinthu zamadzimadzi zikamachitika. "Kanema" wopitilira uwu wa momwe zinthu zilili, m'malo mwa "zithunzi" zingapo zosalumikizana, ndiye chofunikira chachikulu pakukhazikitsa njira zowongolera zapamwamba. Popanda deta yodalirika komanso yocheperako, malingaliro monga predictive control kapena PID autotuning sakanatheka mwaukadaulo. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la Lonnmeter silimangokhala ngati chipangizo choyezera koma ngati wopereka deta wofunikira kwambiri yemwe amakweza njira yonse yopangira kufika pamlingo watsopano wa automation ndi control.
IV. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Deta Yeniyeni Poyang'anira Njira Zapamwamba
4.1 Kukonza PID Control pogwiritsa ntchito deta yeniyeni
Kukhazikitsa deta ya Lonnmeter ya nthawi yeniyeni komanso kukhuthala kungathandize kwambiri kukonza ma loops olamulira a proportional-integral-derivative (PID). Olamulira a PID ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa automation yamafakitale, omwe amagwira ntchito powerengera nthawi zonse mtengo wolakwika ngati kusiyana pakati pa setpoint yomwe mukufuna ndi variable yoyezedwa ya njira. Kenako wowongolerayo amagwiritsa ntchito kukonza kutengera mawu ofanana, ofunikira, ndi otengera kuti achepetse cholakwikachi.
Ndi kukhuthala kwa nthawi yeniyeni ngati chosinthira chachikulu cha mayankho, kuzungulira kwa PID kumatha kulamulira bwino kuchuluka kwa kuzizira mu njira yosungunuka ya parafini. Pamene madziwo akuyamba kuzizira ndipo kukhuthala kwake kukuwonjezeka, wowongolera amatha kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi ozizira kuti asunge kukhuthala pamalo okhazikika, potero amaletsa kukhuthala kosalamulirika ndi kuuma mkati mwa mapaipi.7Mofananamo, mu njira yothandizira kusakaniza, kuzungulira kwa PID kungagwiritse ntchito deta ya kuchuluka kwa zinthu nthawi yeniyeni kuti ilamulire kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowonjezera, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zikuyenda bwino komanso mogwirizana.
Pulogalamu yapamwamba kwambiri ikuphatikizapoKukonza PID yokha. Kuyenda kosalekeza kwa deta ya Lonnmeter kumathandiza wowongolera kuchita mayeso odziyesa okha, kapena mayeso a sitepe, pa ndondomekoyi. Mwa kusintha pang'ono, kolamulidwa ku zotsatira (monga, kuyenda kwa madzi ozizira) ndikuwunika momwe ndondomekoyi imayankhira (monga, kusintha kwa kukhuthala ndi kuchedwa kwa nthawi), PID autotuner imatha kuwerengera yokha phindu labwino kwambiri la P, I, ndi D pa mkhalidwe womwewo wa ndondomekoyi. Mphamvu imeneyi imachotsa kufunikira kokonza ndi manja, "kuganiza-ndi-kufufuza" nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira yowongolera ikhale yolimba komanso yoyankha ku zovuta za ndondomekoyi.
4.2 Kuwongolera Kolosera ndi Kosintha Kuti Njira Zikhazikike
Kupatula kulamulira kwa PID kokhazikika, deta ya nthawi yeniyeni yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi kukhuthala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa njira zowongolera zapamwamba kwambiri, monga kulamulira kosinthika komanso kolosera.
Kuwongolera kosinthikandi njira yowongolera yomwe imasintha magawo owongolera (monga PID gains) nthawi yeniyeni kuti igwirizane ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka njira. Mu njira yosungunuka ya paraffin, mawonekedwe a rheological a madziwo amasintha kwambiri ndi kutentha, kapangidwe kake, ndi kuchuluka kwa shear. Wowongolera wosinthika, woperekedwa ndi deta yopitilira ya Lonnmeter, amatha kuzindikira kusinthaku ndikusintha zokha phindu lake kuti asunge ulamuliro wokhazikika mu gulu lonselo, kuyambira kutentha koyambirira, kotsika mpaka chinthu chozizira, chokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu.
Kuwongolera Kuneneratu kwa Chitsanzo (MPC)ikuyimira kusintha kuchokera ku reactive to proactive control. Dongosolo la MPC limagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha masamu cha ndondomekoyi kuti lilosere momwe dongosololi lidzakhalire mtsogolo pa "malo owonetseratu". Pogwiritsa ntchito deta yeniyeni kuchokera ku Lonnmeter viscometer ndi densimeter (kukhuthala, kutentha, ndi kuchulukana), MPC ikhoza kulosera zotsatira za zochita zosiyanasiyana zowongolera. Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kulosera kuyambika kwa crystallization kutengera liwiro lozizira komanso momwe viscosity ikuonekera panopa. Wowongolera amatha kukonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga kuyenda kwa madzi ozizira, kutentha kwa jekete, ndi liwiro la agitator, kuti asunge kuzizira kolondola, potero amaletsa kuuma kwa chinthu kapena kuonetsetsa kuti pali kapangidwe kake ka crystalline mu chinthu chomaliza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti njira yowongolera isachitepo kanthu pazovuta kupita ku kuziyembekezera ndi kuzisamalira mwachangu.
4.3 Kukonza Koyendetsedwa ndi Deta
Kufunika kwa deta ya Lonnmeter nthawi yeniyeni kumapitirira pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake nthawi yomweyo mu zozungulira zowongolera. Deta yapamwambayi, yopitilira, ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa ndikusanthulidwa m'mbiri kuti ipange kumvetsetsa kwakuya kwa momwe njira zimagwirira ntchito ndikutsegula mwayi wokonza deta motsatira njira.
Deta yonseyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzitsamitundu yophunzirira makinakuti zitheke kulosera. Chitsanzo chingaphunzitsidwe za mbiri yakale ya kukhuthala ndi deta ya kutentha kuti ilosere khalidwe lomaliza la gulu, kuchepetsa kudalira pa macheke okwera mtengo komanso otenga nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa kupanga. Mofananamo, chitsanzo chokonzeratu chokonzeratu chingapangidwe pogwirizanitsa zomwe zikuchitika mu deta ya sensa ndi magwiridwe antchito a zida. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono koma kosalekeza kwa kukhuthala pamalo enaake mu ndondomekoyi kungakhale chizindikiro chachikulu cha kulephera kwa pampu, zomwe zimalola kukonza mwachangu musanatseke mtengo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusanthula koyendetsedwa ndi deta kungayambitse kusintha kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa njira ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu. Mwa kusanthula deta kuchokera m'magulu angapo, mainjiniya a njira amatha kuzindikira ubale wobisika pakati pa magawo owongolera ndi mawonekedwe omaliza a chinthu. Izi zimawathandiza kukonza malo okhazikika ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowonjezera, kuchepetsa kuwononga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pamene akutsimikizira kuti chinthucho chili bwino nthawi zonse.
V. Njira Zabwino Kwambiri Zokhazikitsira, Kukonza, ndi Kukonza Kwa Nthawi Yaitali
5.1 Njira Zolimba Zokhazikitsira Malo Ovuta
Kukhazikitsa bwino zida za Lonnmeter ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti miyezo yake ndi yolondola komanso yodalirika m'malo ovuta osungunuka a sera ya parafini. Chizolowezi cha madziwo chokhazikika ndikumamatira pamalo otentha pansi pa malo ake amtambo chimafuna njira yosamala.
Chofunika kwambiri pa LONN-ND viscometer ndikuonetsetsa kuti chinthu chogwira ntchito chozindikira chimakhalabe chomizidwa mokwanira mumadzi osungunuka nthawi zonse. Pa ma reactor ndi zombo zazikulu, njira zofufuzira za Lonnmeter, kuyambira 550mm mpaka 2000mm, zapangidwa mwapadera kuti zikwaniritse izi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nsonga ya sensa ikhale mkati mwa madzi, kutali ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi osinthasintha. Malo oyikapo ayenera kukhala malo okhala ndi madzi oyenda mofanana, kupewa madera osasunthika kapena madera omwe thovu la mpweya lingalowe, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuwerenga kolakwika. Pakuyika mapaipi, kukonzedwa kwa chitoliro chopingasa kapena choyimirira kumalimbikitsidwa, ndi sensa yowunikira yoyikidwa kuti iyese madzi oyenda pakati m'malo mwa madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono pakhoma la chitoliro.
Pa zida zonse ziwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyikira flange zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa (DN50 kapena DN80) kumatsimikizira kulumikizana kotetezeka komanso kosapanikizika ku zombo zogwirira ntchito ndi mapaipi.
5.2 Njira Zoyezera Molondola za Ma Viscometer ndi Ma Densitometer
Ngakhale kuti zida zonsezi zimapangidwa bwino, kulondola kwa zida zonsezi kumadalira kuwerengera nthawi zonse komanso molondola.
TheviscometerNjira yoyezera, monga momwe zafotokozedwera m'bukuli, imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a silicone wamba ngati madzi ofunikira. Njirayi ndi iyi:
Kukonzekera:Sankhani muyezo wovomerezeka wa kukhuthala womwe ukuyimira kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala komwe madziwo amayembekezera.
Kulamulira Kutentha:Onetsetsani kuti madzi ndi sensa zili pa kutentha kokhazikika komanso kolamulidwa bwino. Kutentha ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kukhuthala kwa thupi, kotero kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndikofunikira.
Kukhazikika:Lolani kuti kuwerenga kwa chidacho kukhazikike pakapita nthawi, kuonetsetsa kuti sichikusintha kuposa magawo khumi a unit, musanapitirire.
Kutsimikizira:Yerekezerani kuwerenga kwa chidacho ndi mtengo wovomerezeka wa madzi wamba ndipo sinthani makonda a calibration ngati pakufunika.
KwadensimeterBukuli limapereka njira yosavuta yowerengera ma point osagwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera. Ngakhale kuti iyi ndi njira yosavuta yowunikira pamalopo, pakugwiritsa ntchito molondola kwambiri, kuwerengera ma point ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida zovomerezeka zokhala ndi kuchuluka komwe kumafikira pamlingo woyembekezeredwa ndi njira yolimba kwambiri.
Mu malo osungunuka a sera ya parafini, kusonkhana kwa sera pamwamba pa sensa kumatha kuwonjezera kulemera ndikusintha mawonekedwe a kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kusinthasintha kwa muyeso kukhale kolondola. Izi zimafuna kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kuposa malo osadetsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti deta yasungidwa bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
5.3 Kusamalira ndi Kuthetsa Mavuto a Moyo Wautali
Kapangidwe ka Lonnmeter, kopanda ziwalo zosuntha, zotsekera, kapena mabearing, kamachepetsa kukonza kwa makina. Komabe, mavuto apadera omwe amadza chifukwa cha sera wosungunuka wa parafini amafunikira njira yapadera yotetezera.
Kuyang'anira ndi Kuyeretsa Nthawi Zonse:Ntchito yofunika kwambiri yokonza ndi kuyang'anira ndi kuyeretsa chipangizo choyezera nthawi zonse kuti muchotse sera ya parafini yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa. Kuchuluka kwa sera kumatha kusokoneza kwambiri kugwedezeka kwa chipangizocho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwerenga kwake kukhale kolakwika kapena kulephera kwa sensa. Njira yoyeretsera iyenera kupangidwa ndikutsatiridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti pamwamba pa sensa palibe zotsalira zilizonse.
Kusaka zolakwika:Mabuku ofotokozera amapereka malangizo pa mavuto omwe amakumana nawo. Ngati chipangizocho chilibe chiwonetsero kapena kutulutsa, njira zazikulu zothetsera mavuto ndikuyang'ana magetsi, mawaya, ndi ma circuit aliwonse afupiafupi. Ngati kuwerenga kwa kutulutsa sikukhazikika kapena kusokonekera kwambiri, zomwe zingachitike ndi monga kusonkhanitsa sera pa probe, kukhalapo kwa thovu lalikulu la mpweya mumadzimadzi, kapena kugwedezeka kwakunja komwe kumakhudza sensa. Chikalata chokonzera cholembedwa bwino, kuphatikizapo kuwunika konse, ntchito zoyeretsa, ndi zolemba zowunikira, ndizofunikira kuti zitsatire momwe chipangizocho chikuyendera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikutsatira miyezo yapamwamba. Mwa kutenga njira yokonzekera bwino ndikuthana ndi mavuto enieni a sera ya parafini yosungunuka, zida za Lonnmeter zimatha kupereka deta yodalirika komanso yolondola kwa zaka zambiri zikugwira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-22-2025
