Kuchuluka kwa Bentonite Slurry
1. Kugawa ndi Kuchita kwa slurry
1.1 Kugawa
Bentonite, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mwala wa bentonite, ndi mwala wa dongo wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa montmorillonite, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi illite, kaolinite, zeolite, feldspar, calcite, ndi zina zotero. Bentonite ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: bentonite yochokera ku sodium (nthaka ya alkaline), bentonite yochokera ku calcium (nthaka ya alkaline) ndi nthaka yoyera yachilengedwe (nthaka ya acidic). Pakati pawo, bentonite yochokera ku calcium ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu a bentonite yochokera ku calcium-sodium ndi calcium-magnesium-based, nawonso.
1.2 Magwiridwe antchito
1) Katundu Wathupi
Bentonite ndi yoyera komanso yachikasu pang'ono mwachilengedwe pomwe imawonekeranso mu imvi yopepuka, pinki yopepuka, wofiira wofiirira, wakuda, ndi zina zotero. Bentonite imasiyana mu kuuma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake enieni.
2) Kuphatikizika kwa Mankhwala
Zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala a bentonite ndi silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) ndi madzi (H2O). Kuchuluka kwa iron oxide ndi magnesium oxide nthawi zina kumakhala kochuluka, ndipo calcium, sodium, potaziyamu nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu bentonite m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa Na2O ndi CaO mu bentonite kumapangitsa kusiyana pa mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, komanso ngakhale ukadaulo wa njira.
3) Katundu Wathupi ndi Mankhwala
Bentonite imadziwika bwino ndi kukula kwake koyenera, komwe kumakula pambuyo poyamwa madzi. Chiwerengero cha kukula chomwe chimakhudza kuyamwa madzi chimafika nthawi 30. Imatha kufalikira m'madzi kuti ipange viscous, thixotropic, ndi mafuta a colloidal suspension. Imasanduka yofewa komanso yomatira ikasakanizidwa ndi zinyalala zazing'ono monga madzi, slurry kapena mchenga. Imatha kuyamwa mpweya wosiyanasiyana, zakumwa, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, ndipo mphamvu yayikulu yoyamwa imatha kufika nthawi 5 kulemera kwake. Dziko lapansi loyera la asidi lomwe limagwira ntchito pamwamba limatha kuyamwa zinthu zamitundu.
Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi mankhwala a bentonite makamaka zimadalira mtundu ndi zomwe zili mu montmorillonite. Kawirikawiri, bentonite yokhala ndi sodium ili ndi kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri ka thupi ndi mankhwala komanso magwiridwe antchito aukadaulo kuposa bentonite yokhala ndi calcium kapena magnesium.
2. Kuyeza kosalekeza kwa Bentonite Slurry
TheLonnmetermotsatanabentoniteslurrykuchulukanamitandi pa intanetichoyezera kuchuluka kwa zamkatiamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mafakitale. Kuchuluka kwa matope kumatanthauza chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa matope ndi kulemera kwa madzi enaake. Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa matope komwe kumayesedwa pamalopo kumadalira kulemera konse kwa matope ndi zidutswa zobowola mu matope. Kulemera kwa zosakaniza kuyeneranso kuphatikizidwa ngati kulipo.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Oundana Pansi pa Mikhalidwe Yosiyanasiyana ya Zachilengedwe
N'zovuta kuboola dzenje m'matanthwe, miyala, miyala ndi malo osweka kuti pakhale mgwirizano waung'ono pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Chinsinsi cha vutoli chili pakuwonjezera mphamvu yolumikizana pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo chimaona matope ngati chotchinga choteteza m'magawo otere.
3.1 Zotsatira za Kuchulukana kwa Madzi Oundana pa Liwiro la Kubowola
Liwiro la kuboola limachepa pamene kuchuluka kwa matope kumawonjezeka. Liwiro la kuboola limachepa kwambiri, makamaka pamene kuchuluka kwa matope kuli kokulirapo kuposa 1.06-1.10 g/cm3Kukhuthala kwa matope kukakhala kwakukulu, liwiro lobowola limachepa.
3.2 Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa mchenga mu matope pa kubowola
Kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za miyala mu matope kumabweretsa zoopsa pakuboola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabowo asayeretsedwe bwino ndikutsekeka pambuyo pake. Kuphatikiza apo, kungayambitse kukoka ndi kukakamiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi atuluke kapena chitsime chigwe. Kuchuluka kwa mchenga kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo matope omwe ali mu dzenje ndi okhuthala. Kumapangitsa kuti khoma la dzenje ligwe chifukwa cha madzi, ndipo n'zosavuta kuyambitsa khungu la matope kugwa ndikuyambitsa ngozi mu dzenje. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa matope ambiri kumapangitsa kuti mapaipi, zobowola, manja a silinda ya pampu yamadzi, ndi ndodo za pistoni ziwonongeke kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito ndi yochepa. Chifukwa chake, poganizira zowonetsetsa kuti kuthamanga kwa mapangidwe kuli bwino, kuchuluka kwa matope ndi mchenga kuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe zingathere.
3.3 Kuchuluka kwa matope mu nthaka yofewa
Mu nthaka yofewa, ngati kuchuluka kwa matope kuli kochepa kwambiri kapena liwiro la kubowola ndi lachangu kwambiri, zingayambitse kugwa kwa mabowo. Nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kusunga kuchuluka kwa matope pa 1.25g/cm3mu gawo ili la nthaka.
4. Mafomula Ofala a Slurry
Pali mitundu yambiri ya slurry mu uinjiniya, koma imatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala awo. Njira yowerengera ndi iyi:
4.1 Na-Cmc (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) Slurry
Dothi lothira madzi ndi lomwe limapangitsa kuti madzi azitha kukhuthala kwambiri, ndipo Na-CMC imagwira ntchito yowonjezera kukhuthala kwa madzi komanso kuchepetsa kutaya madzi. Fomula yake ndi iyi: 150-200g ya dothi lothira madzi labwino kwambiri, 1000ml ya madzi, 5-10Kg ya phulusa la soda, ndi pafupifupi 6kg ya Na-CMC. Makhalidwe a dothi lothira madzi ndi awa: kuchuluka kwa madzi 1.07-1.1 g/cm3, kukhuthala kwa madzi 25-35s, kutayika kwa madzi kosakwana 12ml/30min, pH pafupifupi 9.5.
4.2 Iron Chromium Salt-Na-Cmc Slurry
Dothi ili lili ndi kukhuthala kwamphamvu komanso kukhazikika, ndipo mchere wa chromium wachitsulo umagwira ntchito yoletsa kugwedezeka (kusungunuka). Fomula yake ndi iyi: dothi la 200g, madzi a 1000ml, pafupifupi 20% yowonjezera yankho la alkali loyera pa 50%, 0.5% yowonjezera yankho la mchere wa ferrochromium pa 20%, ndi 0.1% Na-CMC. Katundu wa dothi ndi awa: kuchulukana 1.10 g/cm3, kukhuthala 25s, kutaya madzi 12ml/30min, pH 9.
4.3 Lignin Sulfonate Slurry
Lignin sulfonate imachokera ku madzi otayira a sulfite pulp ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala a alkali a malasha kuti athetse kutayika kwa madzi ndi kutayika kwa madzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala. Fomula yake ndi dongo la 100-200kg, madzi otayira a sulfite pulp 30-40kg, mankhwala a alkali a malasha a 10-20kg, 5-10kg NaOH, 5-10kg defoamer, ndi 900-1000L ya madzi a 1m3 slurry. Makhalidwe a slurry ndi awa: kuchulukana 1.06-1.20 g/cm3, kukhuthala kwa funnel 18-40s, kutayika kwa madzi 5-10ml/30min, ndi 0.1-0.3kg Na-CMC ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa panthawi yobowola kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa madzi.
4.4 Suluji ya Humic Acid
Sulu ya humic acid imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a alkali a malasha kapena sodium humate ngati chokhazikika. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena monga Na-CMC. Njira yokonzekera sulu ya humic acid ndi kuwonjezera 150-200kg mankhwala a alkali a malasha (kulemera kouma), 3-5kg Na2CO3, ndi madzi 900-1000L ku 1m3 ya sulu. Katundu wa sulu: kuchulukana 1.03-1.20 g/cm3, kutayika kwa madzi 4-10ml/30min, pH 9.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-12-2025
