Kuyeza Kuchulukana kwa Madzi a ...
CKuchuluka kwa mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakale kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zazikulu zachilengedwe: sulfure dioxide (SO₂) mpweya, womwe sulfure woposa 95% mu mafutawo umasandukaSO₂pansi pa mikhalidwe yachizolowezi yogwirira ntchito. Mpweya wa asidi uwu ndi woipitsa mpweya kwambiri, womwe umathandizira mvula ya asidi ndipo umaika pachiwopsezo chachikulu pa thanzi la anthu, chikhalidwe chawo, komanso chilengedwe.michigobakusinthidwa ofmpweya woipa wapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchitonjira yochotsera mpweya woipaukadaulo.
Kusiyanitsa Njira Zochotsera Sulfurization & Denitration
Mu nkhani ya njira zamakono zowongolera mpweya woipa, kusiyana komveka bwino kuyenera kupangidwa pakati panjira yochotsera mpweya woipandinjira yochotsera madzi m'thupiNgakhale kuti zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe, zimayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zoipitsa chilengedwe zosiyana kwambiri ndipo zimagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo zosiyana.njira yochotsera madzi m'thupiYapangidwa makamaka kuti ichotse ma nitrogen oxides (NOx). Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kudzera muukadaulo monga Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) kapena Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), zomwe zimathandiza kusintha kwa NOx kukhala mamolekyulu a nayitrogeni osagwira ntchito.
The njira yochotsera sulfurization, monga momwe zachitikira muWFGDmankhwala amatenga asidiSO₂mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya alkaline. Ngakhale kuti machitidwe ena apamwamba, monga njira ya SNOX, amapangidwira kuchotsa nthawi imodzi ma sulfure ndi nitrogen oxides, njira zawo zoyambira zimakhalabe njira zosiyana za mankhwala. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga bwino makina ndi njira yogwirira ntchito, chifukwa miyezo yoyezera ndi kulamulira njira iliyonse ndi yapadera.
Kufunika Kwambiri kwa Slurry
Mtima waWFGDdongosolo ndi choyamwitsa, komweSO₂Mpweya wodzaza ndi mpweya wotuluka umapita mmwamba kudzera mu nthunzi yowirira kapena kupopera kwa matope a alkaline, nthawi zambiri chisakanizo cha miyala yamchere yophwanyika bwino ndi madzi. Kuchita bwino ndi kukhazikika kwa kuyanjana kwa mankhwala kumeneku kumadalira kwathunthu pa mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka matopewo. Kapangidwe kake ndi kosinthasintha komanso kovuta, kuphatikiza tinthu tolimba ta miyala yamchere ndi gypsum, mitundu ya mankhwala osungunuka monga calcium ndi sulfate ions, ndi zonyansa monga ma chloride. Ngakhale njira zowongolera zachikhalidwe zakhala zikugwiritsa ntchito magawo monga pH kuti zitsimikizire momwe matope alili, njira yokwanira imafunika kuti pakhale ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Apa ndi pomwe kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi pa intaneti kumawonekera ngati chida chofunikira kwambiri. Kumapereka muyeso wolunjika, wochuluka wa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zonse - chosinthika chomwe chimakhudza kayendedwe ka reaction, kudalirika kwa zida, ndi zachuma zamachitidwe m'njira zomwe miyezo ina singakwaniritse. Mwa kupitilira kulamulira kosavuta, mainjiniya amatha kutsegula kuthekera konse kwa iwonjira yochotsera sulfurizationmwa kupanga kusintha kosaoneka kwa kuchuluka kwa slurry kukhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ntchito iyende bwino.
Muli ndi mafunso okhudza kukonza njira zopangira？
Chiyanjano cha Zamankhwala ndi Zakuthupi cha WFGD Slurry Dynamics
Chochitika cha Limestone-Gypsum Reaction Cascade
TheWFGDNjira yogwiritsira ntchito miyala yamchere-gypsum ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwino mfundo zaukadaulo wa mankhwala zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zithetse mpweya wa asidi. Ulendowu umayamba mu thanki yokonzekera matope pomwe miyala yamchere yophwanyika bwino (CaCO₃) imasakanizidwa ndi madzi. Kenako matopewa amapopedwa kupita ku nsanja yoyamwitsa, komwe amapopera pansi. Mu chitsulo choyamwitsa,SO₂Mpweya umalowa mu matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala. Poyamba, calcium sulfite (CaSO₃), yomwe imasungunuka ndi mpweya womwe umalowetsedwa mu thanki yoyankhira. Kusungunuka kumeneku kumasintha calcium sulfite kukhala calcium sulfate dihydrate yokhazikika, kapena gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), chinthu chogulitsidwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani omanga. Zotsatira zake zonse zitha kusinthidwa motere:
SO2(g)+CaCO3(s)+21O2(g)+2H2O(l)→CaSO4⋅2H2O(s)+CO2(g)
Kusintha zinyalala kukhala chuma ndi chilimbikitso champhamvu pazachuma komanso zachilengedwe, zomwe zimathandiza mwachindunji pachuma chozungulira.
Slurry ngati Multiphase, Dynamic System
Dothi lopanda madzi ndi lofunika kwambiri kuposa kungosakaniza miyala yamchere ndi madzi. Ndi malo ovuta, okhala ndi magawo ambiri pomwe kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadalira zinthu zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa—kuphatikizapo miyala yamchere yosakhudzidwa, makristalo a gypsum atsopano, ndi phulusa lotsalira—pamodzi ndi mchere wosungunuka ndi mpweya wolowetsedwa. Kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi kumasintha mosalekeza, chifukwa cha zinthu monga mtundu wa malasha omwe akubwera, magwiridwe antchito a zochotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono monga ma electrostatic precipitators, ndi kuyenda kwa madzi odzola. Chodetsa chachikulu chomwe chiyenera kusamalidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chloride, komwe kungachokere ku malasha, madzi odzola, kapena kuzizira kwa nsanja. Ma chloride amapanga calcium chloride yosungunuka (CaCl₂) mu dothi lopanda madzi, yomwe imatha kuletsa kusungunuka kwa miyala yamchere ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yonse ya desulfurization. Kuchuluka kwa chloride kumabweretsanso chiopsezo chachikulu chofulumizitsa dzimbiri ndi kusweka kwa stress mu zigawo zachitsulo za dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsuka kosalekeza kuti pakhale malo otetezeka komanso okhazikika. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera koyesa molondola komanso mosasinthasintha kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pa umphumphu wa dongosolo.
Kuyanjana Kofunika Kwambiri kwa Kuchulukana, pH, ndi Kukula kwa Tinthu
Mkati mwanjira yochotsera sulfurization, kayendedwe ka zochita za mankhwala kamakhala kogwirizana kwambiri ndi zinthu zingapo zolumikizana. Mwachitsanzo, kusalala kwa tinthu ta miyala yamchere ndi komwe kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwake. Mwala wa miyala yamchere wophwanyika bwino umasungunuka mofulumira kwambiri kuposa wosalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wabwino.SO₂Chiŵerengero cha kuyamwa kwa madzi. Mofananamo, pH ya slurry ndi gawo lolamulira lapakati, lomwe nthawi zambiri limasungidwa mkati mwa 5.7 mpaka 6.8. pH yomwe imatsika kwambiri (pansi pa 5) imapangitsa kuti scrubber isagwire bwino ntchito, pomwe pH yomwe imakwera kwambiri (pamwamba pa 7.5) ingayambitse kupanga ma scales abrasive a CaCO₃ ndi CaSO₄ omwe amatha kutseka nozzles ndi zida zina.
Njira yodziwika bwino yowongolera imadalira kuwonjezera miyala yamchere kuti pH ikhale yofanana, koma njira iyi ndi yosavuta yomwe imanyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa slurry. Ngakhale pH imapereka chidziwitso pa acidity ya slurry, siyimayesa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa ma reactants ndi zinthu zina. Ubale pakati pa pH ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi umapereka chitsanzo chokakamiza cha njira yowongolera yapamwamba kwambiri. pH yayikulu, yomwe ndi yothandiza pakuchotsa SO₂, imawononga kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa miyala yamchere. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupsinjika kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito. Mwa kuyambitsa muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni mu kuzungulira kowongolera, mainjiniya amapeza muyeso wachindunji wa unyinji wa zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa mu slurry, kuphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta miyala yamchere ndi gypsum. Deta iyi imalola kumvetsetsa bwino thanzi la makinawo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe sikunawonetsedwe mu kusintha kwa pH kungasonyeze kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe sizinachitike kapena vuto la kuchotsa madzi. Kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kumeneku kumathandiza kusintha kuchoka pakungoyankha ku kuwerenga kwa pH yochepa kupita ku kuyang'anira bwino zinthu zolimba za makinawo, potero kuonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito nthawi zonse, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka, ndikukwaniritsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagent.
Dziwani Zambiri Zokhudza Ma Meter Ochulukirachulukira
VMadalaivala Abwino a Kuchulukana KolondolaMonitoring
Kukonza Njira Zoyendetsera Ntchito ndi Kuchita Bwino
Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu nthawi yeniyeni n'kofunika kwambiriWFGDKukonza bwino njira. Kulondola kwa stoichiometric kumeneku kumaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.njira yochotsera sulfurizationimayesedwa ndi kuthekera kwake kukhalabe ndi moyo wotsikaSO₂Kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa, komwe m'malo ambiri atsopano, sikuyenera kupitirira 400 mg/m³. Chizunguliro chowongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa chimatsimikizira kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuti likwaniritse miyezo yofunika kwambiri yotulutsa mpweya.
Kulimbitsa Kudalirika kwa Zipangizo ndi Kukhala ndi Moyo Wautali
Kuopsa kwa chilengedwe cha WFGD kumabweretsa chiopsezo chosalekeza kudalirika kwa zida. Kutupa kwa matope ndi matope oyambitsa kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa makina ndi dzimbiri la mankhwala pa mapampu, ma valve, ndi zinthu zina. Mwa kusunga kuchuluka kwa matope mkati mwa mulingo wolamulidwa bwino (monga, 1080–1150 kg/m³), ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuletsa mapangidwe a mamba. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kukula ndi kuyika, zomwe zimatha kutseka ma nozzles, ma spray headers, ndi ma mist emotors. Zotsatira zake za kukula kumeneku ndi nthawi yocheperako, yosakonzekera yoyeretsa ndi kuchotsa mamba, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo komanso yosokoneza.
Kutha kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa matope kumagwiranso ntchito ngati chitetezo chofunikira kwambiri ku kusweka ndi dzimbiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya kuchulukana kuti azitha kuyendetsa liwiro la matope, ogwira ntchito amatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa makina pamapampu ndi ma valve. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwongolera kuchulukana kumathandiza kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa monga ma chloride. Kuchuluka kwa chloride kumatha kufulumizitsa kwambiri dzimbiri la zigawo zachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka modula. Pogwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera kuchulukana kuti ayang'anire kuchuluka kumeneku, fakitaleyo imatha kukonza bwino njira yotsukira, potero kuchepetsa kutaya madzi ndikuletsa kulephera kwa zida msanga. Izi sizongokhudza kukhazikika kwa ntchito; ndi ndalama zokhazikika pakukhala ndi moyo wautali kwa chuma cha fakitaleyo, kuchepetsa mwachindunji mtengo wonse wa umwini.
Mtengo Wachuma ndi Wanzeru
Mtengo wachuma wa njira yolondola yoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi pa intaneti umapitirira patali kuposa momwe imagwirira ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Ndalama zoyambira zogulira sensa yogwira ntchito bwino ndi ndalama zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri. Mwa kukonza bwino kuchuluka kwa reagent, chomera chingachepetse kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamchere, yomwe ndi mtengo waukulu wogwirira ntchito. Kuchepetsa mtengo uwu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi yomweyo zikutsatira miyezo yotulutsa mpweya ndi vuto lokonza zinthu lomwe limakhala ndi zolinga ziwiri lomwe makina owongolera otsogola adapangidwa kuti athetse.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumawonjezera phindu la WFGD. Kuyera kwa gypsum, komwe kumakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa slurry, kumatsimikiza kugulitsidwa kwake. Mwa kuyang'anira slurry kuti ipange gypsum yoyera kwambiri komanso yotha madzi mosavuta, chomera chingapangitse kuti pakhale ndalama zowonjezera, potero kuchepetsa mtengo wanjira yochotsera sulfurizationkomanso kuthandizira kuti ntchito ikhale yokhazikika. Kuthekera kwa deta yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi nthawi yeniyeni kuti ipewe kutsekedwa kosakonzekera kuti isakule komanso dzimbiri kumatetezanso ndalama zomwe fakitale ikupeza poonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuchitika nthawi zonse komanso mosalekeza. Ndalama zoyamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sensa yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi si ndalama zokha; ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yotsika mtengo, yodalirika, komanso yosamalira chilengedwe.
Comparisionza Ukadaulo Woyezera Kuchulukana Paintaneti
Mfundo Zoyambira ndi Zovuta
Kusankha ukadaulo woyenera woyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi pa intaneti wa makina a WFGD ndi chisankho chofunikira kwambiri chaukadaulo chomwe chimagwirizanitsa mtengo, kulondola, ndi kulimba kwa ntchito. Mtundu wovuta kwambiri, wowononga, komanso wosinthasintha wa matope, kuphatikiza kuthekera kolowetsa mpweya ndi mapangidwe a thovu, umabweretsa zovuta zazikulu kwa masensa ambiri. Kupezeka kwa thovu ndi vuto lalikulu, chifukwa kumatha kusokoneza mwachindunji mfundo yoyezera ya sensa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwerenga kusalondola. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo woyenera suyenera kukhala wolondola kokha komanso wolimba komanso wopangidwa kuti upirire mikhalidwe yoipa yanjira yochotsera mpweya woipa.
Kuyeza kwa Kusiyana kwa Kupanikizika (DP)
Njira yosiyana ya kupanikizika imadalira mfundo ya hydrostatic kuti izindikire kuchuluka kwa madzi. Imayesa kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pakati pa mfundo ziwiri pamtunda wodziwika bwino mkati mwa madzi. Ngakhale iyi ndi ukadaulo wokhwima komanso wodziwika bwino, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mu WFGD slurries ndi kochepa. Mizere ya impulse yomwe imalumikiza sensa ku madzi a process imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri kutsekeka ndi kuipitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mfundoyi nthawi zambiri imatenga kuchuluka kwa madzi kosalekeza kuti iwerengere mulingo kuchokera ku kuthamanga, lingaliro lomwe silikugwira ntchito mu slurry yosinthasintha, ya multiphase. Ngakhale makonzedwe ena apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito ma transmitter awiri kuti achepetse mavutowa, chiopsezo cha kutsekeka ndi zofunikira zosamalira zimakhalabe zovuta zazikulu.
Kuyeza kwa Gamma-Ray (Radiometric)
Ma gauge a Gamma-ray density gauge amagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo yosakhudzana, pomwe gwero la radioactive (monga Cesium-137) limatulutsa ma gamma photon omwe amachepetsedwa akamadutsa mu process fluid. Chowunikira chimayesa kuchuluka kwa radiation yomwe imadutsa mu process, ndipo density imafanana kwambiri ndi kuwerenga kumeneku. Ubwino waukulu wa ukadaulo uwu ndi chitetezo chake chonse ku zinthu zowononga, zowononga, komanso zowononga za slurry, chifukwa sensa imayikidwa kunja kwa payipi. Sikufunanso kuyika mapaipi odutsa kapena kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi process fluid. Komabe, ma gauge a gamma-ray amabwera ndi mtengo wokwera wa umwini chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima achitetezo, zofunikira za chilolezo, komanso kufunikira kwa antchito apadera kuti agwire ntchito ndi kutaya. Zinthu izi zapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito ambiri a zomera afunefune njira zina zosakhala za nyukiliya.
Kuyeza kwa Foloko/Resonator Yogwedezeka
Ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsa ntchito foloko kapena resonator yomwe imakondwera kugwedezeka ndi mafunde ake achilengedwe. Ikamizidwa mumadzimadzi kapenamatope, ma frequency awa amasintha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumabweretsa kugwedezeka kochepa. Kapangidwe kolimba komanso kolunjika ka sensa kamapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuyeza nthawi zonse, nthawi yeniyeni m'mapaipi kapena matanki. Ilibe ziwalo zosuntha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kukhale kosavuta. Komabe, ukadaulo uwu uli ndi zovuta zake. Ndi wosavuta kukhudzidwa ndi thovu la mpweya lomwe lili mkati, zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika zazikulu pakuyeza. Ilinso pachiwopsezo cha kupindika ndi kuipitsidwa, chifukwa malo omwe ali pa ma tines amatha kusintha ma resonance frequency ndikusokoneza kulondola. Kuyika bwino ndi ma tines oyima ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mavutowa.
Kuyeza kwa Coriolis
Choyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi cha Coriolis ndi chida chosinthasintha chomwe nthawi imodzi chimatha kuyeza kuyenda kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa madzi, ndi kutentha molondola kwambiri. Mfundoyi imachokera ku mphamvu ya Coriolis yomwe imapangidwira pamene madzi akuyenda kudzera mu chubu chogwedezeka. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumatsimikiziridwa poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa chubucho, komwe kumachepa pamene kuchuluka kwa madzi kukuwonjezeka. Ukadaulo uwu waonekera ngati njira ina yabwino yosakhala ya nyukiliya yogwiritsira ntchito zovuta monga WFGD. Kafukufuku wodziwika bwino akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mita ya Coriolis yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka chubu chimodzi cholunjika ndi chubu cha titanium sensor. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathetsa mavuto obisika ndi kutsekeka kwa madzi, pomwe kulondola kwakukulu ndi kutulutsa kwa madzi ambiri kumapereka njira yabwino yowongolera. Kusintha kwanzeru kupita ku ukadaulo wosakhala wa nyukiliya monga Coriolis mita kuyimira kusintha kwakukulu kuchoka pa kusinthana kwakale pakati pa kudalirika ndi mtengo, kupereka yankho limodzi lolimba, lolondola, komanso lotetezeka.
Kusankha mita yoyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi pa ntchito ya WFGD kumafuna kuwunika kwathunthu mphamvu ndi zofooka za ukadaulo uliwonse poganizira za makhalidwe enieni a slurry.
Kuyerekeza kwa Ukadaulo wa Kuyeza Kachulukidwe Paintaneti kwa WFGD Slurries
| Ukadaulo | Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito | Ubwino Waukulu | Zoyipa ndi Zovuta Zazikulu | Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Zolemba za WFGD |
| Kupanikizika Kosiyana (DP) | Kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic pakati pa mfundo ziwiri | Wokhwima, mtengo wotsika woyambira, wosavuta | Pokhala ndi zotsekeka komanso kusuntha konse, pamafunika kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi nthawi zonse. | Kawirikawiri sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matope a WFGD chifukwa cha chiopsezo chotseka. Zimafunika kukonza kwakukulu. |
| Gamma-Ray (Radiometric) | Kusakhudzana ndi kuwala, kumayesa kuchepetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa | Chitetezo ku kukwawa, dzimbiri, ndi pH yoopsa; palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi odutsa | Mtengo wokwera wa umwini, katundu wofunika kwambiri wokhudza malamulo/chitetezo | Kale ankagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha chitetezo ku mikhalidwe yovuta. Mtengo wokwera wa ntchito ukupangitsa kuti anthu asinthe njira zina. |
| Foloko/Resonator Yogwedezeka | Kugwedezeka kwafupipafupi molingana ndi kuchulukana | Kuyika mwachindunji, nthawi yeniyeni, kukonza kochepa | Amatha kulakwitsa chifukwa cha mpweya/thovu lolowetsedwa; amakhudzidwa ndi kuipitsidwa ndi kuphimba | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa laimu ndi gypsum slurry. Kukhazikitsa bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zisatseke ndi kukokoloka. |
| Coriolis | Amayesa mphamvu ya Coriolis pa chubu chogwedezeka | Zosinthasintha (kulemera, kachulukidwe, kutentha), kulondola kwambiri | Mtengo woyambira wokwera kuposa mita zina zolumikizirana; imafuna kapangidwe kake ka abrasive media | Imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka chubu cholunjika komanso zinthu zosapsa mtima monga titaniyamu. Njira ina yabwino yosakhala ya nyukiliya. |
| Ukadaulo Watsopano | Accelerometer, Ultrasonic Spectroscopy | Si ya nyukiliya, yolimba kwambiri kuti isagwe, yosakonza bwino | Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale pang'ono; zoletsa zinazake zogwiritsira ntchito | Perekani njira ina yabwino, yotsika mtengo, komanso yotetezeka yogwiritsira ntchito slurry yovuta kwambiri. |
Mayankho a Uinjiniya pa Malo Oipa
Kusankha Zinthu Zofunika Monga Mzere Woyamba wa Chitetezo
Mikhalidwe yovuta yogwirira ntchito mkati mwaWFGDDongosolo limafuna yankho lokonzekera bwino. Dothi lopanda madzi silimangowononga kokha komanso limatha kuwononga kwambiri, makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa chloride. Chifukwa chake, kusankha zipangizo za mapampu, ma valve, ndi mapaipi ndiye njira yoyamba komanso yofunika kwambiri yodzitetezera. Pogwira ntchito yozungulira matope ambiri, mapampu olimba achitsulo kapena a rabara ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri, chifukwa kapangidwe kawo kolimba kamatha kupirira kuwonongeka kosalekeza kuchokera ku zinthu zolimba zopachikidwa. Ma valve, makamaka ma valve akuluakulu okhala ndi mpeni, ayenera kusankhidwa ndi zipangizo zatsopano, monga ma urethane liners osinthika ndi mapangidwe olimba a scraper, kuti apewe kusonkhanitsa media ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi yayitali. Pa mizere yaying'ono, ma valve a diaphragm okhala ndi ma rabara okhuthala amapereka yankho lodalirika komanso lotsika mtengo. Kupatula zigawozi, zotengera zoyamwitsa zokha nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma alloys apadera kapena ma linings osagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri kuti zigwire ntchito yoopsa komanso yodzaza ndi chloride.
Chitetezo cha Sensor ndi Kapangidwe Kabwino Kwambiri Kokhazikitsa
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa sensa iliyonse yamagetsi pa intaneti kumadalira kuthekera kwake kupulumuka ndikugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta a WFGD. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ndi kuyika kwa sensa ndikofunikira kwambiri. Masensa amakono amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba polimbana ndi kukula ndi kusweka. Mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe ka chubu chimodzi cholunjika cha mita zina za Coriolis kumaletsa kutsekeka mwa kudzitulutsa madzi okha ndikupewa kutaya mphamvu. Machubu a sensa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri monga titaniyamu kuti asawonongeke. Maukadaulo ena atsopano, monga masensa ena ogwedezeka, amaphatikizapo "ma harmonics odziyeretsa okha" omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kugwedezeka kuti apewe kuyika kwa matope pa probe, kuonetsetsa kuti kuwerenga kosalekeza komanso kolondola popanda kufunikira kuyeretsa pamanja.
Kukhazikitsa koyenera n'kofunika kwambiri. Pa mapaipi akuluakulu (monga mainchesi 3 kapena kuposerapo), kuyika T-Piece kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kutsimikizire kuti chitsanzocho chili choyimira. Sensa iyenera kuyikidwa pa ngodya yomwe imalola kuti itulutse madzi okha. Kuphatikiza apo, kusunga liwiro labwino kwambiri la kuyenda—lokwera mokwanira kuti zinthu zolimba zisungidwe mu suspension (monga 3 m/s) koma osati lokwera kwambiri moti lingachititse kuti nthaka iwonongeke kwambiri (monga, pamwamba pa 5 m/s)—ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuyeza molondola.
Kuchepetsa Kusokoneza kwa Miyeso
Kupatula kuwonongeka kwa makina, kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumatha kusokonezedwa ndi zochitika zakuthupi monga kulowetsa mpweya. Ma thovu ochokera mu mpweya wa okosijeni, omwe amalowetsedwa nthawi zonse mu dongosolo, amatha kulowetsedwa mu matope ndikutsogolera ku kuwerenga kolakwika. Izi ndi nkhawa makamaka ya masensa ogwedezeka, omwe amadalira kulemera kwa madzi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwake. Njira yosavuta koma yothandiza yopangira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma tines a sensa akuyang'ana molunjika, kulola mpweya wolowetsedwa kukwera ndikutuluka, potero kuchepetsa mphamvu yake pa muyeso. Ngakhale kuti ndi zotsatira zachindunji za fizikisi, kusintha kosavuta kumeneku kukuwonetsa kufunika kokhazikitsa kolondola poonetsetsa kuti zida zolimba kwambiri zikudalirika.
Kuphatikiza Kwapamwamba ndi Kuwongolera Njira
Kupanga Chizunguliro Chowongolera
Mtengo weniweni wa muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa madzi pa intaneti umapezeka pamene deta yake yaphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe ka makina owongolera. Ma density meters amapanga zizindikiro zotulutsa zokhazikika, monga 4-20 mA analog output kapena RS485 MODBUS communication, zomwe zitha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta mu Distributed Control System (DCS) ya fakitale kapena Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Mu njira yowongolera yoyambira kwambiri, chizindikiro cha density chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa kasamalidwe ka kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba za slurry. DCS imasanthula deta ya density ya nthawi yeniyeni ndikusintha liwiro la pampu yoyendetsa pafupipafupi kapena malo a valavu yowongolera kuti isunge chiŵerengero cha zinthu zolimba chomwe mukufuna. Izi zimachotsa kufunikira kwa kulowererapo pamanja ndikutsimikizira njira yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika.
Njira Yosiyanasiyana
Ngakhale kuti kuzungulira kodziyimira pawokha kolamulira kuchulukana kuli kopindulitsa, mphamvu yake imachulukitsidwa ikadzakhala gawo la dongosolo lowongolera lokwanira komanso losinthasintha. Mu dongosolo lotere lophatikizana, deta ya kuchulukana imagwirizanitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti igwirizane ndi magawo ena ofunikira kuti ipereke mawonekedwe ochulukirapo a njira yochotsera sulfur. Mwachitsanzo, kuyeza kuchulukana kungagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi masensa a pH. Kutsika mwadzidzidzi kwa pH kungasonyeze kufunikira kwa miyala yamchere yambiri, koma kuchepa kwa kuchulukana nthawi imodzi kungasonyeze vuto lalikulu ndi chakudya cha miyala yamchere kapena vuto la kuchotsa madzi lomwe limafuna njira ina yokonzanso. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchulukana kokwera popanda kuchepa kofanana kwa pH kungasonyeze vuto ndi kukula kwa okosijeni kapena gypsum crystal, nthawi yayitali ntchito yochotsa SO₂ isanakhudzidwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza kuchulukana ndi muyeso wa kayendedwe ka madzi kumalola kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi, zomwe zimapereka chithunzi cholondola cha momwe zinthu zilili komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi zimayendera kuposa kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumayendera. Mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wolumikizira umalumikiza kuchulukana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi magawo oyendera madzi ku magawo opita m'mwamba ndi pansi, monga kulowa kwa madzi.SO₂Kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi ndi mphamvu yochepetsera okosijeni m'thupi (ORP), zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yowongolera yomwe imasunga kutentha kwa thupi.SO₂Kuchotsa bwino zinthu pamene kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito reagent ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kukonza Koyendetsedwa ndi Deta ndi Kukonza Mosakayikira
Tsogolo laWFGDKuwongolera njira kukupitirira malire achikhalidwe osinthika. Kuyenda kosalekeza kwa deta yapamwamba kuchokera ku ma density mita apaintaneti ndi masensa ena kumapereka maziko a ma framework oyendetsedwa ndi deta omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira kwa makina ndi luntha lochita kupanga. Ma model apamwamba awa amatha kudya deta yambiri yakale komanso yeniyeni kuti azindikire magawo abwino ogwirira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, monga kusinthasintha kwa malasha kapena kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi osiyanasiyana.
Njira yapamwambayi ikuyimira kusintha kwakukulu kwa nzeru za magwiridwe antchito. M'malo mongoyankha ma alarm omwe akusonyeza kuti parameter ili kunja kwa malire ake, machitidwewa amatha kulosera kuyambika kwa vuto ndikusintha parameter mwachangu kuti apewe. Cholinga chachikulu cha mitundu iyi ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zingapo, nthawi zina zotsutsana, nthawi imodzi, monga kuchepetsanjira yochotsera sulfurizationmtengo ndi kuchepetsaSO₂Mwa kusanthula mosalekeza "zala" za fakitale ya deta yogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo kuchulukana kwa zinthu, machitidwewa amatha kukwaniritsa nthawi zonse kukhazikika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama.
Deta ndi kusanthula komwe kwaperekedwa mu lipotili kukuwonetsa kuti kuyeza kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi pa intaneti si chinthu chowonjezera koma chida chofunikira kwambiri kuti tikwaniritse bwino ntchito mu makina ochotsera mpweya wa Wet Flue Gas.
