I roto i te hanga emulsion, ko te mana kounga te mea e whakatau tika ana i te mahi a te hua, te roa o te wā e pupuri ana i te taonga, me te pai o te kiritaki. Ko tētahi o ngā tawhā tino nui o tēnei tukanga komatotoru o te emulsionAhakoa ngā piki me ngā heke iti o te matotoru, ka raru pea ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te wehenga o ngā wāhanga, te kakano koretake, te kore rānei e tutuki ngā whakaritenga mō te whakamahinga whakamutunga.
Ka arotahi tēnei otinga ki te pēheangā mita viscometer emulsion ā-rotote aro atu ki ngā wero puta noa i te whakahaere tukanga, me te whakarite kia rite tonumatotoru o te emulsioni roto i te mahi whakaputa tonu me te huri i te mana kounga tauhohe hei whakahaere tukanga matatau.
He aha ngā Emulsion?
Ko te emulsion he ranunga kanorau o ngā wai e rua e kore e taea te whakaranu (hei tauira, te hinu me te wai), ka pakaruhia tetahi wai (te wāhanga marara) hei pata ririki, ka whakairihia ki roto i tetahi atu (te wāhanga tonu). Ko te pumau o tēnei ranunga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā emulsifier—he matū e whakaiti ana i te taumahatanga mata i waenga i ngā wāhanga e rua, ā, e ārai ana i te whakakotahitanga o ngā pata.
Ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā emulsions e hono tika ana kimatotoru o te emulsionwhakauru:
- Te hanganga o te wāhangaKa pā tika te ōwehenga o te wāhanga marara ki te wāhanga tonu ki te matotoru (hei tauira, ka piki ake te ihirangi hinu nui ake i roto i te emulsion hinu-waimatotoru o te hinu wai).
- Rahi o te pataKa nui ake te waku i waenga i ngā āhuahanga o ngā pata iti, ka nui ake te matotoru; ka iti ake te matotoru me te kore pumau o te tohu i ngā pata nui kua whakakotahihia.
- Momo me te kukū o te emulsifierKa whakarerekētia e ngā momo emulsifier (hei tauira, ngā surfactants, ngā polymers) te paparanga ā-kanohi e karapoti ana i ngā pata, ā, ka whakarerekētia e tēnei ngā āhuatanga rere o te emulsion (me tōna matotoru hoki).
Ngā momo Emulsions
Te māramatangangā momo emulsionhe mea nui mō te whiriwhiri i te mea tikamita waikeri emulsion, nā te mea he rerekē ngā whanonga matotoru me ngā whakaritenga whakaputa o ia momo. Ko ngā whakarōpūtanga tino noa ko:
Mā te Hanganga Wāhanga
- Ngā Emulsion Hinu-i-te-Wai (O/W)Ko te wāhanga tonu ko te wai, ā, ko te wāhanga marara ko te hinu (hei tauira, te miraka, ngā whakamakuku kanohi). He iti ake te maha o ēnei whakamomonamatotoru o te hinu waiki te whakaritea ki ngā momo W/O, nā te mea he iti ake te matotoru o te wai i te nuinga o ngā hinu.
- Ngā Emulsion Wai-i-roto-i-te-Hinu (W/O)Ko te wāhanga tonu ko te hinu, ā, ko te wāhanga marara ko te wai (hei tauira, pata, hinu motuka). Ā rātoumatotoru o te emulsionhe teitei ake i te nuinga o te wā nā te matotoru o te wahanga hinu tonu.
- Ngā Emulsions MahaNgā ranunga matatini pēnei i te hinu-i-te-wai-i-te-hinu (O/W/O) te wai-i-te-hinu-i-te-wai rānei (W/O/W) (hei tauira, ngā rongoā tuku-whakahaere). He paparanga matotoru ēnei e hiahia ana kia aroturukitia tika, i te wā-tūturu kia kore ai e pakaru te āhua.
- Ngā MacroemulsionsKo te rahi o ngā pata kei waenga i te 0.1–10 μm; he mātotoru, ā, he pumau te matotoru mēnā ka tika te hanga.
- Ngā emulsion iti: Ngā rahi o ngā pata iti iho i te 0.1 μm; he mārama, ā, he iti ihowhakapūkara matotorunā te iti rawa o te taunekeneke o ngā pata.
- Ngā NanoemulsionKo ngā rahi o ngā pata he 10–100 nm; ka taurite te pumau me te matotoru, ka noho noa i roto i ngā mea whakapaipai me ngā rongoā mahi-teitei.
Mā te Rahi o te Tōpata
Ngā Tikanga Tukatuka Emulsion – Me Pēhea te Hanga i ngā Emulsion?
He tukanga maha-taahiraa te hanga emulsion, ā, ka awe ia wāhanga i te otinga whakamutunga.matotoru o te emulsion; ka taea anake te tukatuka ōrite mā te urupare matotoru-wā-tūturu. Ko te tukanga mahi noa ko:
Te tukatuka i mua
- Te Whakarite Rauemi Mata: Inehia, whakamahanahia hoki te hinu, te wai, me ngā emulsifier ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana (te tikanga 50–80°C) hei whakaiti i te matotoru me te whakapai ake i te whakaranu. Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga pāmahana i konei te whakaputa i ngā nekehanga matotoru wawe, nō reira me hono tahi hewhakapūkara matotoruHe mea tino nui te aroturuki me te pūoko pāmahana.
- Te whakakorenga hauTangohia ngā mirumiru hau i ngā rauemi mata, nā te mea ka whakaitihia e te hau kua mau te matotoru kua inehia, ā, ka hua ake he pānui hē (ā, ka ngoikore te whakahaere kounga).
Te Whakapūtanga (Wāhanga Matua)
Mā tēnei taahiraa ka wahia te wāhanga marara ki ngā pata ririki, ka whakaranua ki te wāhanga tonu—te kaiārahi matua o te otingamatotoru o te hinu wai:
- Ranunga Kutikuti Tere-Tiketike: Ka whakamahi i ngā mīhini whakaranu rotor-stator hei whakaputa i te kutikuti kaha; mā ngā tere kutikuti teitei ake ka whakaitihia te rahi o te pata me te whakanui ake i te matotoru (tae noa ki tētahi wāhi, ā, i muri iho ka iti noa te pānga o te kutikuti anō).
- Te Whakaōrite: Ka whakamahi i ngā mea whakaranu pēhanga-teitei (10–100 MPa) hei hanga i ngā pata ōrite; he mea noa tēnei taahiraa i roto i ngā miraka me ngā rongoā, ina rite tonumatotoru o te emulsionkāore e taea te whiriwhiri.
- Te Whakapūtanga Ultrasonic: Ka whakamahi i ngā ngaru oro hei wawahi i ngā pata; he mea tino pai mō ngā nanoemulsions, ina āraia te kohikohinga o ngā pata e te whakahaere matotoru tika.
- WhakamataoWhakaitihia te pāmahana o te emulsion ki te pāmahana rūma, ki te pāmahana rokiroki rānei; ka piki ake te matotoru i te whakamataotanga o te emulsion, nō reira mā te aroturukitanga ā-roto ka noho tonu i roto i ngā whakaritenga.
- Whakaurunga TāpiriTāpirihia ngā mea tiaki, ngā kakara, ngā kai hohe rānei; ka taea e ēnei te whakarerekē i te matotoru (hei tauira, ka whakanui ake ngā mea whakamātotoruwhakapūkara matotoru), e hiahia ana kia whakatikatikaina tonutia.
- TātariTangohia ngā matūriki nunui, ngā pata rānei kāore anō kia whakapūpūtia; ko te hekenga ohorere o te matotoru i konei ka tohu pea i te aukati o te tātari, i te wehenga rānei o ngā wāhanga.
Tukatuka-muri
Ngā kaupapa matua o te pumau o te emulsion
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Ngā Wero i roto i te Whakatau i te Matatini o ngā Emulsions Tonu
Mō ngā kaihanga tukanga me ngā tohunga hangarau, haere tonumatotoru o te emulsionHe arai ahurei kei mua i te aroturukitanga e kore e taea e ngā taputapu tuku iho (hei tauira, ngā mita tirohanga tuimotu, ngā ngongo karāhe) te wikitoria. Ko ēnei wero ko:
- Wā Whakaroa me te Whakamātautau TuimotuKo ngā tikanga tuimotu e hiahia ana ki te tango tauira, te kawe, me te tātari tauira—he tukanga e 15–60 meneti te roa. I roto i te whakaputa tonu, ko te tikanga o tēnei whakaroa ka kitea ngā take matotoru i te mutunga rawa hei whakaora i ngā puranga katoa, ka hua ake he para nui.
- Tauira WhakapōturiIna tangohia he tauira mai i te raina whakaputa,matotoru o te hinu waingā huringa nā te ngaronga o te pāmahana, te whakahekenga o te tere kutikuti, te whakakotahitanga rānei o ngā pata. Nō reira, kāore te pānui taiwhanga e whakaata i te matotoru tuturu o roto, ka hua ake he whakarerekētanga tukanga hē.
- Ngā Āhuatanga Whakaputa PakariKo te hanga emulsion he maha ngā wā ka uru ki ngā pāmahana teitei (< 450°C, e ai ki ngā whakaritenga ahumahi noa), ngā pēhanga teitei (> 10 MPa i ētahi wā), me ngā kai waikura (hei tauira, ngā āhua wai waikawa). Ka tere te korenga o ngā pūoko tuku iho i konei, nā te mea kāore i a rātou he parenga pakari, he hototahi rānei ki ngā rauemi.
- Te Whēkenga Wai Kore-NewtonianKo te nuinga o ngā emulsions he kore-Newtonian— ā rātouwhakapūkara matotorungā panonitanga me te tere kutikuti (hei tauira, ka angiangi haere ngā ranunga angiangi kutikuti i te pikinga o te kutikuti). Ka whakamātauhia ngā ine matotoru tuimotu i ngā tere kutikuti pumau, nō reira kāore e taea te hopu i ngā panoni matotoru hihiri e puta ana i roto i ngā papu, i ngā whakaranu, i ngā paipa rānei.
- Te Tiaki me te Whakakino i te PūokoKa taea e ngā emulsions te waiho i ngā toenga ki runga i ngā mata o ngā pūoko, inā koa mēnā he totoka kei roto (hei tauira, ngā mea whakapaipai kua whakakiia ki ngā matūriki). Ka whakapēhia ngā pānui e tēnei poke i te roanga o te wā, ā, ka whakararuraruhia te whakaputanga e ngā pūoko e hiahia ana kia wetewetehia pinepine hei horoi.
Ine Matao Wiri – Te Otinga Ā-roto mō te Matao o te Emulsion
Hei whakatika i ngā wero o runga ake nei, ko ngāIne roa ine i te āwhata tukanga ā-rotokua hangaia mō te haere tonumatotoru o te emulsionte aroturuki. Koinei te whiringa matua mā ngā kaihanga whakapūhui nā te mea e whakakotahi ana i te mahi pakari, te urutau motuhake ki te whakapūhui, me ngā āheinga whakahaere wā-tūturu—he mea nui mā ngā tīma whakahaere whakaputa e arotahi ana ki ngā whakapainga ka taea te ine.
Ngā Tawhā Matua (I Whakaritea mō te Hanga Emulsion)
Ka whakaoti tika ngā whakaritenga a te Lonnmeter i ngā wero o te aroturuki i te matotoru o te emulsion, kia tika ai, kia pono ai hoki i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua, hihiri rānei:
| Tawhā | Whakatakotoranga | He aha te Hiranga mō ngā Emulsions |
| Awhe Matatini | 1 – 1,000,000 cP | Ka kapi katoangā momo emulsion(mai i ngā moroiti waikura iti ki ngā kirīmi waikura kore-waikura nui). |
| Te tika | ±3.0% | Whakapūmaumatotoru o te emulsione noho ana i roto i ngā whakaritenga kounga tino pai (hei tauira, ±5% mō ngā whakapūtanga rongoā). |
| Te āheinga ki te whakahoki anō | ±1% | Ka whakakore i ngā pānui koretake i puta mai i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pata emulsion. |
| Ātete ki te pāmahana | < 450°C | Ka ātete ki ngā mahi whakaemulsification pāmahana teitei (hei tauira, te hanga hinu whakahinuhinu ahumahi). |
| Awhe Pēhanga Pūoko | < 6.4 MPa (kua whakaritea mō >10 MPa) | Ka urutau ki ngā raina whakakotahitanga pēhanga-tiketike, kei heamatotoru o te hinu waihe mea nui. |
| Rauemi | 316 Kowiri tira (paerewa) | Ātete ana i te waikura mai i ngā āhua waikawa, kawakore rānei o te whakapūhui, ā, ka ārai i te pirau o te pūoko. |
| Taumata Tiaki | IP68 (pūoko) / IP67 (hikohiko) | Hei ārai i te wai, te puehu, me ngā tauhiuhi hinu i roto i ngā taiao whakaputa paru. |
| Paerewa Ārai-Pahūtanga | ExdIIBT4 | He haumaru mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā raina whakaemulsion e ahu mai ana i te hinu, i te whakarewa rānei (hei tauira, ngā whakaemulsifiers mara hinu). |
| Wā Urupare Tohu | 5s | Ka hopu i ngā panonitanga tere o te matotoru (hei tauira, i te wā e tāpirihia ana te emulsifier) ā, ka tīmata i ngā whakarerekētanga inamata. |
| Putanga | 4 – 20 mADC (mātotoru/pāmahana) + Modbus | Ka hono atu ki ngā pūnaha PLC, SCADA rānei mō te whakahaere tukanga aunoa me te takiuru raraunga. |
Mātāpono Mahi – I hangaia mō te Whēkau Rere Emulsion
Ka aro te mātāpono whakahaere o te Lonnmeter ki te āhua kore-Newtonian me te āhua hihiri o ngā emulsions, kia tika aiwhakapūkara matotorungā pānui me te kore e whakararuraru i te whakaputanga:
- Ka wiri te pūoko kōniko o te mita waikeri i te taha tuaka i te auau pumau. I te rere o te emulsion i runga i te pūoko, ka kutikutihia te wai—e whai ana i ngā tere kutikuti e kitea ana i roto i ngā raina whakaputa tūturu (hei tauira, ngā papu, ngā mīhini whakaranu).
- Ngā huringa i roto imatotoru o te emulsionka whakarerekē i te pūngao i ngaro i te wā o te wiri: ka nui ake te ātete ka nui ake te ngaronga pūngao; ka iti ake te matotoru ka whakaiti i te ātete.
- Ka kitea tēnei ngaronga pūngao e te ara iahiko hiko o te pūoko, ka hurihia ki te uara matotoru, ā, ka tukuna ngā raraunga i te wā tūturu (mā te 4–20 mADC, Modbus rānei).
- He rerekē tēnei i ngā mita waikeri tuku iho, kāore he wāhanga neke, he hiri, he whāriki rānei. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka whakakorea te paru mai i ngā toenga waikeri (kāore he kapiti hei hanga) ā, ka whakaitihia te tiaki—he mea nui mō te whakaputa tonu 24/7.
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
Ētahi atu Mita Tukanga Ipurangi
Ngā Painga o te Inline Emulsion Viscometer (Lonnmeter) mō ngā Kaihanga Emulsion
Mō ngā tari arotakenga tukanga me ngā kaihangarau, ka tukuna e te Lonnmeter ngā painga e kitea ana, e taea te ine, e whakapai tika ana i te kounga, te whai huatanga, me te whai huatanga utu—e aro katoa ana ki te tika.matotoru o te emulsionwhakahaere:
Te Āheinga Motuhake ki te Emulsion
- Ka whakahaere i ngā wai kore-NewtonianMā te kutikuti i te emulsion i ngā tere kutikuti ā-roto, ka whakaratohia he tikamatotoru o te hinu waingā pānui e ōrite ana ki ngā āhuatanga whakaputa tūturu—ehara i te mea ko ngā tautuhinga taiwhanga anake.
- Ātete ki ngā Āhuatanga KinoNā te mea he kowiri tira 316, he tiaki IP68, me te manawanui ki te pāmahana/pēhanga teitei, ka mahi pono i roto i ngā taiao hanga emulsion katoa, mai i te tukatuka kai (ngā whakaritenga horoi-i-te-wāhi) ki ngā matū hinu (ngā āhuarangi pahū).
- Whakakore i ngā Para o te PurangaMā ngā pānui matotoru tonu ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā (hei tauira, te horopeta o te emulsifier, te tere kutikuti) i roto i ngā hēkona— i mua i te whakaputanga o te emulsion kāore e rite ana.
- Ka Whakapūmau i te Tūturutanga: ±1% te auautanga o te tikanga he rite tonu te nui o ia purangawhakapūkara matotoru, te whakaiti i ngā amuamu a ngā kiritaki me te mahi anō.
- Whakaitihia te Mahi ā-ringaKāore he tauira ā-ringa, he tātari taiwhanga rānei— ka wātea ngā tohunga hangarau mō ngā mahi nui ake te uara.
- Ka Aunoa i ngā Whakatikatika TukangaKa honoa ki ngā PLC hei whakarerekē aunoa i ngā tawhā (hei tauira, te whakanui ake i te pēhanga homogenizer mēnā ka heke te matotoru) — te whakaiti i te hapa tangata me te whakarite kia rite tonu 24/7.
- Ngā Raraunga Matatini o Ngā RārangiNgā toa putanga Modbusmatotoru o te emulsionme ngā raraunga pāmahana, he mea nui mō te tutuki i ngā ture (hei tauira, ngā whakaritenga a te FDA mō ngā whakapūtanga rongoā) te tātari pūtake rānei (hei tauira, te whai i te pikinga o te matotoru i te huringa whakamutunga).
- Ngā Whakaoho WhakaohoMā ngā whakaoho tonu ka whakatūpato i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te matotoru kei waho o te whakaritenga, ka ārai i te wā whakamutu utu nui, i ngā rahunga puranga rānei.
Mana Kounga Wā-Tūturu
Te Whai Hua o te Whakahaere
Te Aroturuki Raraunga me te Whakatutukitanga
Mena kua rite tō rōpū hanga emulsion ki te neke mai i te tauhohe ki te mahi matataumatotoru o te emulsionte whakahaere— me te whakaiti i te para, te whakapai ake i te kounga, me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga—kua tae ki te wā ki te tono utu mō te Lonnmeter i roto i te rainamita waikeri emulsionTonoa tō whakatau utu i tēnei rā hei tīmata i te arotau i tō whakahaere kounga whakatakotoranga emulsion— ā, kia whiwhi i te ōritetangamatotoru o te hinu waie tumanakohia ana e ō kiritaki.
