He aha te matotoru o te hinu wahie?
Ko te matotoru, e tautuhia ana ko te waku ā-roto i roto i te hinu e ātete ana i te rere, koia te āhuatanga tino nui e whakahaere ana i te whakahaere, te maimoatanga, me te mahi ā-muri o te hinu wahie. Mō te whakahaere tukanga me te whakapūmau kounga, kāore e taea te whakaaro ko te matotoru he tohu raraunga ā-wheako anake; he inenga taketake e whakatau ana i te tiakitanga o ngā wāhanga me te whai huatanga o te pūngao.
Te Whakatakotoranga me te Whakatakotoranga Kounga o te Hanga Hinu Wahie: Te Wāhi e Whakaūngia ai te Matatini
Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā hinu wahie ka whakatauhia i roto i te hanganga o te whare whakarewa. Ka tīmata te whakaputanga me te whakahoromata mata, ka wehea i runga i te ira kohua. Ko te Hinu Wahie Taumaha (HFO) me ngā wahie toenga, ko ngā wāhanga raro o tēnei tukanga, e tautuhia ana e tō rātou kiato teitei me te matotorutanga ā-roto. Ko ngā mahi i muri mai, pērā i ngā tukanga hurihanga, ka whakarerekē ake i ngā hanganga ngota, e whakamārama ana i te rerekētanga whānui o te matotorutanga e whakaatuhia ana e ngā hua toenga whakamutunga.
Te Whakaranu Tika: Te Toi me te Pūtaiao o te Whakatutuki i te Matotoru Whāinga
I te mea he nui rawa te matotoru o ngā putanga toenga mata, kāore e taea te whakaae tonu ki te mākete, ko te whakaranu te tikanga matua mō te whakatutuki i ngā taumata matotoru e hiahiatia ana. Kei roto i tēnei tukanga te whakauru i ngā rakau tapahi māmā ake, pērā i te tīhi moana, te hinu penehīni, te hinu huringa māmā rānei (LC(G)O). Ko te angitu o te mahi whakaranu e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te whakarerekētanga hihiri o te ōwehenga o te HFO ki te rakau tapahi i runga i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā rauemi whakauru me ō rātou pāmahana.
Ka puta he ngoikoretanga nui i te whakawhirinaki ki te tātari taiwhanga kua whakaroahia hei manatoko i te ōwehenga whakaranu e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i tete matotoru kinematic o te hinu wahiengā whāinga. Nā te mea ka tutukihia ngā rohe matotoru tika mā roto i ngā ōwehenga whakaranu kua tatauhia, ko te ōwehenga hē—nā te urupare whakaroa, ngā hapa tauira rānei—ka mau te mōrearea nui o te korenga o te wairewa. Ina kore te wairewa e taea te utu, ka puta he uku nui, ka puta he paru me te kore pumau kino. He nui ake te utu me te kino o tēnei aratau ngoikore pea i te ngaro noa i tētahi whakatakotoranga matotoru. Te whakatinana i tētahi matatautaputapu ine matotoru hinui roto i te maniua whakaranu ka whakaratohia te tohu urupare inamata e tika ana hei whakarerekē i ngā mita rere i te wā tonu, kia mau tonu ai te pumau o te hua, ā, kia kore ai e raru te kounga.
Haunga te whakaranu, ka taea hoki te whakahaere i te matotoru mā te whakahaere i te pāmahana. Ko te whakamahana i te hinu wahie taumaha te tikanga matua, taketake hoki mō te whakaheke i tōna matotoru ki te wāhi ka taea te papu me te whakakorikori. Heoi, he tohu ā-kore te pāmahana mō te matotoru. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi whāngai, kāore e ranea te whakawhirinaki anake ki ngā tohu pāmahana pumau hei whakapūmau i te matotoru pumau. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa matū motuhake, i ngā maimoatanga miihini rānei pērā i te homogenization hei whakatikatika i ngā āhuatanga rheological me te whakapai ake i te pumau me te ōritetanga whānui o te hinu wahie taumaha.
He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko ngā hinu toenga matotoru rawa ka pāngia e te taumahatanga ā-pūkaha ki ngā taputapu papu me ngā paipa i ngā wā whakamahine me te whakawhiti. Ina piki haere te matotorutanga ohorere—nā te hekenga o te pāmahana, nā te huringa rānei o ngā rauemi kai—ka tūpono te pikinga o te kawenga ki te pumau o ngā rawa whakapaipai, ka arahi pea ki te pikinga o te kakahu papu, te pakaru o te hiri, te aukati nui rānei i ngā raina. Ko te ROI e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga o tētahi pūnaha ipurangitaputapu ine matotoru hinue toro atu ana ki tua atu i te mana whakahaere kounga hua; he paparanga tiaki nui mō ngā rawa miihini i roto i te raina whakaputa, e whakaiti nui ana i te tūponotanga o te wā whakamutu kore i whakaritea.
Te Āhua o te Matatini e Whakahaere Tika Ana i te Mahi
Te Whai Hua o te Whakaoho me te Tahunga
Ko te mahi whakamutunga, te mahi whakatau a te whakahaere matotoru ko tōna awe tika ki te whakakorikori wahie. Ko te whakakorikori tino pai—te tukanga o te huri i te wahie papatipu hei kohu pakupaku, ōrite o ngā pata—he mea tika mō te tahunga tere me te tino tahunga.
Āheate ine i te matotoru o te hinu wahieHe tohu tēnei he nui rawa te wahie (he matotoru rawa), ka ātete te wahie ki te rere, ā, kāore e pakaru tika i roto i te pūwero. Ko te mutunga iho o tēnei he moumou pūngao, he nui rawa te pungarehu, me te kōkō, e whakakino ana i ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā wāhanga o te mura. E whakaū ana ngā rangahau ko te hinu matotoru e tomo ana ki te pūwero ka whakaiti i te tere hurihuri, ka hua ake he kōne matotoru pakitara taumaha e whakanui ana i te tere rere (e moumou wahie ana) ā, ka puta he maturuturu nui ake e uaua ana ki te mimiti me te mura.
I tetahi atu taha, ki te iti rawa te matotoru (tino angiangi), i te mea he māmā ake te rere, ka puta ake ngā raruraru nui e rua. Tuatahi, ka taea e te matotoru tino iti te whakararu i te kiriata hinu whakahinuhinu e hiahiatia ana e tiaki ana i ngā wāhanga pūnaha wahie pēnei i ngā papu me ngā werohanga, ka tere ake te pakaru me te tūpono ka pakaru. Tuarua, ka puta te ngoikore o te pumau o te mura mai i te nui rawa o te atomization, te kore rānei o te mura e rite ana, ka arahi ki ngā huringa o te putanga mana miihini.
Ka pāngia te whakapaunga wahie e te matotoru o te hinu?
Ko te pātai,ka pā te matotoru o te hinu ki te whakapaunga wahie, ka taea te whakautu mārama: āe, hohonu, mā roto i ngā ara e rua motuhake engari e hono tahi ana: te whakaiti i te waku miihini pirinoa me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te mura.
Ka tere haere, ka rere hoki ngā hinu matotoru iti iho, ka whakaiti nui i te ngaronga miihini e hiahiatia ana hei pupuhi i te wai mā roto i te pūnaha. Ko te whakaiti i te hiahia pūngao pirinoa ka puta he whakapainga ine i te penapena wahie. Mō ngā waka e whakamahi ana i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu kua arotauhia, kua whakaatuhia te huri ki ngā hinu miihini taumaha matotoru iti iho (HDEO) ka hua ake he whakahekenga i te whakapaunga wahie i waenga i te 0.9% me te 2.2% ia tau. Ko te whāinga kia kitea te taurite pai: me angiangi te hinu kia whakaitihia te ātete me te tuku i te hiko penapena wahie o te miihini, engari kia matotoru kia mau tonu te kiriata wai tiaki nui (te wehenga paparanga rohe) i waenga i ngā wāhanga neke nui. Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi hinu matotoru rawa ka whakararu i te roa me te tiaki o te miihini, he whakatau kino e kore e whakaaetia i te mea he nui te utu o te kakahu miihini me te whakapoto i te roa o te oranga o ngā wāhanga.
Te Tūranga o te Matatini ki te Whakahaere Tukunga me te Hauora o te Mīhini
He mea nui te whakapai ake i te matotoru hei whakatutuki i te mahi ma, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga kino. Mā te whakapai ake i te pakaru o te rehu i ngā matotoru iti, mā te whakapūmau rānei i ngā paparanga rohe i ngā matotoru teitei ake ka whakarei ake i te ranunga wahie-hau, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga hauwaiwai (HC) kāore i tahuna. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te whakahaere tupato i te matotoru hei whakaiti i te hanganga o te hauota hauota (NOx), nā te mea ka taea e te pikinga nui o te matotoru te whai wāhi tika ki te whakaputanga parahanga.
Mō te wahie wai taumaha (pērā i te mazut, te HFO matotoru-teitei rānei), he mahi nui te whakamahana i mua i te tahunga hei whakaiti i te matotoru me te whakapai ake i te rere o te wai i mua i te tahunga. Ko te rautaki atomization motuhake e whakamahia ana—mai i ngā mura pēhanga-pēhanga mō ngā wahie matotoru-iti ki ngā mura kapu hurihuri motuhake, āwhina-mama rānei mō ngā wahie matotoru-teitei (>100 cSt)—ka whakatauhia e te matotoru ine o te wahie.
Ko te kaha o ngā kaitahu ki te mahi pai, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whiwhinga wahie i roto i te awhe matotoru whaiti. I te mea ka piki haere te rerekētanga o ngā rauemi whāngai nā te whakaranu me te whakaurunga o ngā momo wahie moana hou, ka noho te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tautuhinga pāmahana whakamahana-mua pumau hei pūtake pumau o te koretake. Ko te raruraru, ka tino rerekē te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i te matotoru atomization e tika ana (hei tauira, 10–20 cSt) i runga i ngā āhuatanga taketake o te puranga wahie. Mena ka whakawhirinaki te kaiwhakahaere ki te tautuhinga tawhito mō tētahi puranga hou, rerekē, ka iti ake te matotoru e tukuna ana ki te pūwero, ka oati ka kore e oti te tahunga, ka piki ake ngā tukunga, ka nui ake ngā utu whakahaere. Tika, tonute ine i te matotoru o te hinu wahieka whakakore i tēnei ngoikoretanga ā-roto.
Hei tāpiri atu, mā te whakahaere tika i te matotoru ka whakaiti i te kaha tāpiri e hiahiatia ana hei whakawhiti me te papu i te wahie mā roto i te pūnaha. Ina tukuna te matotoru kia piki haere, ka piki ake te kawenga hiko, te kawenga mamaoa rānei i runga i ngā papu whakawhiti me ngā pūnaha whakamahana. Mā te pupuri i te matotoru tino pai i te wā tūturu mā te porowhita whakahaere aunoa, ka whakaitihia e te pūnaha te taumahatanga miihini i runga i ngā papu me te whakaiti i te kaha e pau ana i ngā pūnaha whakamahana hinu whakawhiti, ka tukuna he ROI nui me te ine i tua atu i te whakapainga tahunga anake.
Ripanga: Ngā Huanga Whakahaere o te Rerekētanga Matatini
| Āhua Matatini | Pānga ki te Rere/Te Papu | Pānga ki te Tahunga/Te Whakakānga | Pānga ki te Whai Hua me ngā Wāhanga |
| Teitei rawa (Matotoru) | Ka piki ake te kaha papu, ka heke te tere hurihuri i roto i ngā pūwero. Ka tūpono te aukati i ngā paipa. | Kāore i te pai te whakaatomotanga, ka nui ake ngā pata ka kore e tino tahuna. | Te moumou wahie, te pikinga o te pungarehu/te werawera, te pikinga ake o ngā tukunga HC/NOx. Me nui rawa te whakamahana i mua. |
| Iti rawa (Angiangi) | Te wehenga paparanga rohe kāore i te rawaka, te kaha kiriata ngoikore i roto i ngā papu. | Te mōrearea o te nui rawa o te ngota, te mura pumau rānei, te ngaronga o te ōritetanga o te mura. | Te tere o te pakaru me te pakaru o ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha wahie (ngā papu, ngā werohanga). Te whakaiti i te tiakitanga mai i te waku ā-mīhini. |
Real TimieTe Whakahaere i te Matotoru o te Hinu Wahie
Te ngoikore tūturu o te whakatauira taiwhanga kore haere tonu
Mā te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tirotiro taiwhanga tuku iho, ā-wā, ki te tauira marama rānei, ka puta he wā whakaroa nui i waenga i te rerekētanga matotoru me te mahi whakatikatika. I roto i ngā tukanga hihiri, ahakoa i roto i te ranunga o te whare whakapai hinu, i ngā pūnaha miihini tere-rahi rānei, ka taea e te kounga hinu te huri tere tonu nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te waikura, te waimehatanga ki te hau tukatuka, te poke rānei. I roto i ngā tono nui, pēnei i ngā compressors tīwiri hau, ka taea e te hekenga tere o te matotoru o te hinu hinu te arahi ki te pakaru o te peera, i mua noa atu i te taenga mai o te pūrongo taiwhanga e whakaū ana i te take. Ko te tikanga o nāianei mō te whakamātautau taiwhanga i waho o te papaanga he iti iho i te pai, he utu nui hoki nā ngā arai whakahaere me te roa o te wā e kore e whakaaetia ki te whiwhi i ngā mōhiohio mahi.
Te Huri i te Aroturuki Tauhohenga ki te Whakahaere Matatau
Ko te otinga kei roto i te whakamahi i tētahi mana whakahaere porowhita-kati, e whakamahia tonutia ai tētahi tohu urupare hei pupuri i te āhua e hiahiatia ana, kia puta ai tepūnaha whakahaere matotoru hinu wahiewhakahaere-ā-koe-katoa.
Mā te whakatinanatanga tino whai hua o tēnei hangarau ka whakarite kia whakahau tika te matotoru ine i te pāmahana o mua o te whakamahana e hiahiatia ana, ka huri nui i te hoahoa whakahaere. Ka whakakorea e tēnei tikanga te whakawhirinaki o mua ki te pāmahana hei whakakapi ā-kore mō te matotoru, engari ka whakarato i te pumau, te aunoa.te ine i te matotoru o te hinu wahiei te wāhi e whakamahia ana (hei tauira, te pito o te mura). Mā tēnei ka whakakorea ngā rerekētanga matotoru e puta ana i te whakawhiti i waenga i ngā kawenga wahie rerekē, i ngā puranga rānei.
He nui ngā painga o te neke ki te aroturuki tonu, ā-wā tonu: mā te urupare tere ka taea te arotau tonu i ngā tukanga, ka whakapiki ake i te ōritetanga o te hua me te whakaiti i te whakaputanga o ngā para kore-tautuhinga. Hei tāpiri, ka whakakorea e te aunoatanga te aroturuki ā-ringa tonu, hoha e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaimahi mohio, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao o te pūnaha whakamahana hinu whakawhiti mā te aukati i te wera nui.
Kia taea ai te whakamahi i ngā raraunga tūturu i roto i tētahi umanga kua whakahaeretia, inā koa mō te whakawhiti mana pupuri, te tutuki rānei i ngā paerewa moana, ko te ipurangitaputapu ine matotoru hinume whai tika ka taea te manatoko. Nā te mea he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he pūrongo mō ngā whakatakotoranga arumonite matotoru kinematic o te hinu wahiei te pāmahana paerewa (hei tauira, 50°C), me whakarato e te pūnaha porowhita-kati ngā raraunga matotoru hihiri tere anake, engari me whakauru hoki i ngā inenga kiato hei tatau aunoa me te ripoata i te uara kinematic e hiahiatia ana, kia mau tonu ai he ara arotake pakari me te manatoko mō te whakahaere kounga.
He mea nui kia mārama ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā wheketere ki te whakatinana angitu i tētahi pūnaha mahipūnaha whakahaere matotoru hinu wahieme whai huarahi hangarau whānui, kaua ko te tāuta noa i tētahi pūoko. Ko te pono o te inenga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga o te tauira e whiwhihia ana e te pūoko. Ko ngā wero e kitea ana i roto i ngā tautuhinga ahumahi—pērā i te roa rawa o ngā raina whakawhiti tauira, te korenga o te rere, ngā rerekētanga pēhanga, ngā koretake rānei—ka taea te whakapōturi i te inenga. Ko te angitu o te pūnaha porowhita kati e whakawhirinaki ana ki te arotau i ngā tawhā wai me te wera e karapoti ana i tetaputapu ine matotoru hinuhei whakarite kia tukuna mai he tauira e tika ana.
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
Ētahi atu Mita Tukanga Ipurangi
Te Painga Lonnmeter: He Taputapu Ine i te Matotoru Hinu Pakari mō ngā Raina Tino Hira
Ko te taiao uaua o te hanga hinu wahie—tae atu ki ngā pēhanga teitei, ngā pāmahana teitei, me ngā wero ā-roto o te whakahaere i ngā hinu taumaha whakakoi me te poke—e hiahiatia ana hetaputapu ine matotoru hinui hangaia mō te tino pakari me te tino tika. Ko te Lonnmeter Viscometer, i hangaia mā te whakamahi i te hangarau wiri matatau, te ngaru oro rānei (AW), ka tukuna te pono e hiahiatia ana i roto i ēnei raina tukanga nui.
Te Hiranga Hangarau: Te Tikanga Ine a Lonnmeter
Ko te kaha matua o te Lonnmeter kei roto i tōna hoahoa pakari, ā, he pakari te āhua o te pūoko, e whakamahi ana i tētahi tokotoko wiri hikohiko. Mā tēnei huarahi kore-mīhini ka whakakorea ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā ine matao mīhini tuku iho, ka iti ake te tiaki, ā, ka pai ake te ātete ki te paru nui me te parahanga e kitea ana i roto i te ratonga HFO.
He mea hanga motuhake te hangarau Lonnmeter mō te rumaki katoa, ā, e whakarato ana i te ine pono, tino tika ahakoa i raro i ngā tawhā mahi uaua, tae atu ki ngā pēhanga tae atu ki te 10,000 psi (700 pae) me ngā pāmahana e tae atu ana ki te 180 °C. Ko tētahi painga mahi nui i roto i te whakahaere tukanga ko te pakari o te taputapu ki ngā raruraru raina noa: ka ine tōna pūoko kaha-teitei i te matotoru me te kore e pāngia e te wiri nui me ngā rerekētanga tere rere e kitea ana i roto i ngā manifolds o te whare hanga hinu, i ngā rūma miihini moana rānei. Mā tēnei huihuinga o te pakari me te tino tika ka taea te aroturuki i ngā huringa iti i roto ite ine i te matotoru o te hinu wahieme te kounga raraunga tino pai, e tuku ana i te tino tika (hei tauira, 3% RM) me te tino kaha ki te whakahoki (hei tauira, ).
Whakaurunga me te Pono: Te Whakaiti i te Whakararuraru Mahi
Ka whakaratohia e ngā mita tirohanga Lonnmeter he rerenga raraunga tere tonu, ka taea ai te urupare tūturu e tika ana mō te whakahaere tukanga tonu i roto i ngā tono whakaranu, whakamahana-mua, me te aroturuki i te āhua o ngā rawa. Mā tā rātou hononga mono-ā-ringa paerewa ka māmā ake te whakauru ki ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Ahumahi (ICS) o nāianei mā roto i ngā putanga matihiko, anaro rānei (4-20mA), ka taea ai te whakahou ngāwari me te whai hua ki ngā whakamahana whakawhiti hinu me ngā pūnaha whakaranu o nāianei.
Haunga te aroturuki i te kounga o te wahie, he mea nui te hangarau mō te tiaki i ngā rawa o roto. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūnaha mita roa hei aroturuki i te hauora o ngā hinu whakahinuhinu i roto i ngā taputapu nui, pērā i ngā pūwero tīwiri hau, i ngā wāhi ka taea e ngā hekenga matotoru tere nā te waimehatanga o te hau, te waikura rānei te whakararu tonu i ngā peera hurihuri, ngā peera pana rānei. Ko te aroturukitanga tonu, ipurangi hei pūnaha whakatūpato wawe, hei ārai i ngā pakaru utu nui me te wā kore mahi o te tipu.
Ripanga: Ngā Whakatakotoranga o te Ine Roro (Hangarau Rākau Wiriwiri Motuhake) mō te Ine Roro Ipurangi
| Āhuatanga/Inenga | Paerewa Mahi Noa | Ngā Painga Whakahaere ki te Whakahaere Hinu Wahie |
| Momo Ine | Te Matatini Hihiri (Pa·s, cP rānei) | E whakarato ana i te ine tika o te ātete wai e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaranu tika me te whakahaere whakamahana-mua. |
| Te pāmahana whakahaere | Tae atu ki te 180°C | Te ine tonu i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahine tino kaha, i raro rānei i ngā tikanga whakamahana i mua i te tahunga me te pēhanga teitei. |
| Pēhanga Whakahaere | Tae atu ki te 10,000 psi (700 pae) | Ka āhei te tāutanga tika ki ngā raina pēhanga teitei, me te kore he whakarerekētanga, ka whakaiti i te uauatanga o te pūnaha. |
| Te Pakari me te Hoahoa | Kāore he Wāhanga Neke, he Pūoko Kaha-Teitei (hei tauira, he Kowiri tira 316L) | He iti noa te tiaki, he ātete ki te poke ā-tinana, te wiri, me ngā rerekētanga o te rere. |
| Te āheinga ki te whakahoki anō | Tino pai (hei tauira, ) | E whakarato ana i te tāuru pono e tika ana mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere-ake e kati ana. |
| Putanga/Hononga | 4-20mA / Mamati / Mono-ā-Pūoro Whānui | Te whakaurunga maeneene ki roto i ngā mea o nāianeipūnaha whakahaere matotoru hinu wahiehanganga. |
TONO HE WHAKAMĀRAMAWhakapaitia tō tukanga whakaranu i tēnei rā.
