Te Ine i te Kukū o te Waikawa Tartaric i roto i te Hanga Waina
Wte whakaputanga inekua kiia he ranunga o te toi me te pūtaiao.Waikawa tātararikihe waikawa rauropi tuatahi e kitea ana i roto i ngā karepe, he āhuatanga motuhake e hanga ana i te wāhanga nui (42.8–77%) o te katoa o te waikawa rauropi,te waikawa waina tino kaha rawa atu i runga i ōna pūmau wetewete (pKa).
He āhuatanga nui owaikawa tātaratōna pumau ā-taurite; he rerekē ki ētahi atu waikawa, kāore e tino pākia e te rewena, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ki te pirau taiao i te wā waina-tukanga hanga. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko tete nui o te waikawa tartaric i roto i te wainahe whakaata tika i tōna aroaro tuatahi i roto i ngā karepe, ā, ka whakanuia e ngā tāpiritanga i muri mai. Nō reira, he ine tika i te tīmatanga o tete tukanga whakaputa wainakāore e ranea; ko te wero tūturu kei te whakahaere i ōna taunekeneke hihiri i te wa e huri ana te wai mai i te karepe maroke ki te waina kua oti.
Te Āhua o te Waikawa Tartaric i te Āhua o te Pūrongo me te Pūmautanga
Te aroaro owaikawa tātaraka hoatu he āhua motuhake ki te waina, ka whai wāhi ki te reka e whakaahuatia ana he mārō, he whakahauora, he pakari hoki. Heoi, ko tengā painga o te waikawa tartariche nui atu i ngā āhuatanga noa o te kare ā-roto. He mea nui tēnei hei whakatau i te pH o te waina, ā, koinei anō te mea e whakahaere ana i tōna ātete ki te pirau me tōna kaha ki te pakeke mō te wā roa.
He hauorawaikawa tātaraka hua ake te pH iti iho, ka hanga he taiao kāore e pai mō ngā moroiti kino. He mea tino nui tēnei pumau moroiti ā-roto, nā te mea ka pā ki te nui o te whanariki hauhā (SO2) tāpiritanga. Ko ngā uara pH iti e hiahia ana kia iti ake te SO2hei tiaki, he painga nui tēnei mō ngā kaihanga waina e whai ana ki te whakaiti i te ihirangi whanariki hei ārai i ngā reka me ngā kakara kāore e hiahiatia ka puta mai i ngā tāpiringa nui rawa.
Outhaere maio te Kukū Waikawa Tartaric Tauritekore
He nui rawate nui o te waikawa tartaric i roto i te wainaka arahi pea ki te hanganga o ngā tote kore-rewa, ko te nuinga ko te pāhare pākawa waro (KHT) me te konupūmā tartrate (CaT). Ka taea e ēnei matū te whakapūpū, ka hanga he tioata ka tau ki raro o te pounamu, ka piri rānei ki te kōkī. Ahakoa he kore kino ēnei tioata, ā, kāore e pā ki te reka o te waina, ka kore e ātaahua te titiro a ngā kaihoko ki tō rātou aroaro, ka whakaiti i te kounga me te uara o te hua.
He teiteite kukū o te waikawa tartaricki runga ake i te awhe noa o te 1500 ki te 4000 mg/L, ka whai wāhi pea ki te reka kino, kawa rawa. Ehara i te mea he take ataahua anake te hanganga o ngā tartrate; he hua tika mai i te kore pumau o te matū me whakahaere. Ko te taurite uaua, e neke haere tonu ana i waenga iwaikawa tātarame ētahi atu iona puta noa i tete tukanga whakaputa wainahe uaua ki te whakahaere i tēnei tawhā mā roto i ngā tikanga ine motumotu tuku iho.
Ngā Tikanga Ine Tuku Iho me Ō Rātou Wero
Te ine tika i tete nui o te waikawa tartaric i roto i te wainakua roa nei e noho ana hei āhuatanga taketake, engari he āhuatanga wero hoki, o te hanga waina. Ko ngā herenga o ngā tikanga o nāianei e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mārama mō tētahi otinga hangarau hou e taea ai te whakarato raraunga pono, wā-tūturu, me te kore e whai i ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā pūnaha ā-ringa, ngā pūnaha rerekē rānei.
Te Ine ā-ringa kore haere tonu, me te uaua ki te mahi
Ko te tikanga tuku iho tino rongonui mō te aromatawai i te waikawa, ā, hei tāpiritanga atu ki tēnāwaikawa tātara, he ine ā-ringa, he ine aunoa rānei.MHe tukanga roa, he mahi nui hoki te ine inenga ā-tau.TheNā te tikanga puranga-ā-rōpū, kāore e tika ana mō te aroturuki tonu i ngā tukanga hihiri pēnei i te whakapūtanga. Hei whakatutuki i ngā hua tika me te taea te whakaputa anō, me whai tohunga hangarau te tikanga. Ko te ngoikoretanga matua o tēnei tikanga ko tōna whakawhirinaki ki te whakatau takitahi.
Ko te mutunga o te ine ine ka whakatauhia mā te panoni tae tirohanga, hei tauira, te nekehanga ki te tae māwhero me te phenolphthalein. He ngāwari tēnei whakawhirinakitanga tirohanga ki te hapa a te kaiwhakahaere, me te karanga pea o ngā tāngata rerekē i te mutunga i ngā wā rerekē, ka hua ake he hua koretake.
Ngā HereNgā Inenga Ā-kore
He maha ngā kaihanga waina e whakamahi ana i te pH hei tohu mō te waikawa, engari ehara i te mea he ine tika mōte kukū o te waikawa tartaric. Ka ine te pH i te kaha o te waikawa mā te ine i te kukū o ngā iona hauwai kore utu (H+) i roto i te otinga, ko te waikawa titratable (TA) ia ka ine i te tapeke o te waikawa wehe me te waikawa kore wehe. Kāore i te māmā tonu te whanaungatanga i waenga i ēnei inenga e rua, nā te mea ko te ōwehenga o ngā waikawa rerekē—pērā i te waikawa malic mewaikawa tātara—ka taea te huri, ka pā ki te pH me te kore he huringa e rite ana ki te TA.
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga nui e whakaatu ana i te koretake o ēnei inenga ko te pH o te wai he tohu kino mō te pH o te waina. Ko te maturuturunga iho o te KHT, he tukanga e puta ana i muri i te tīmatanga o te whakapūkara, ka puta he panonitanga nui, kāore e taea te matapae i te pH. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kāore e taea e te kaihanga waina te mahi noa i tētahi whakamātautau i mua i te whakapūkara me te tumanako ka mau tonu ngā hua puta noa i te wā.raina whakaputa waina. Ka waiho tēnei hei kōwhiringa uaua mā rātou: te whakaiti i te waikawa kia iti rawa, ā, ka tūpono ka pirau ngā huakita, te whakaiti rānei i te waikawa kia nui rawa, ā, ka tūpono ka puta he hua whakamutunga kāore i te pai ngā āhuatanga oro. Ko tēnei kore pumau hihiri, e kore e taea te whai mā te whakamātautau kotahi, he āputa nui tēnei i roto i ngā āheinga ine tuku iho.
He pātai āu mō te arotau i ngā tukanga whakaputa?
Otinga Matatau mō te Ine ā-Rārangi
Ko te mita kukū ultrasonic Lonnmeter he pikinga hangarau nui ki mua, e whakarato ana i tētahi otinga tino tika, he pakari hoki hei whakatutuki i ngā tono pakari o te ao hou.raina whakaputa waina.
Te Whakakī i te Āputa: Te Tika me te Pono i te Wā Tuturu
Ko te pūoko kukū waikawa tartaric Lonnmeter he mita kukū ultrasonic i hangaia mō te ine ā-roto, tonu, me te kore-whakangaro. He rerekē ki ngā huarahi tauhohe, puranga-e hangai ana ki te tauira ā-ringa, ka whakaratohia he raraunga tonu, e āhei ai ngā kaihanga waina ki te whai me te urupare ki ngā huringa hihiri i a rātou e puta ana. He nui atu tēnei āheinga i te pikinga whai hua noa iho; he tohu tēnei i te nekehanga tauira taketake. Ka taea te whāngai i ngā raraunga tonu, wā-tūturu ki roto i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere aunoa, e āhei ai te tukanga porowhita-kati e whakarerekētia aunoa ai ngā tāpiringa waikawa, ētahi atu tawhā rānei i runga i te urupare tika. Ka hurihia e tēnei te tukanga hanga waina mai i te tauhohe ki ngā raruraru ki te aukati katoa i a rātou.
Te Ahupūngao Taketake o te Ine i te Kukū Ultrasonic
Te kukū waikawa tartaric a Lonnmetermmutunga koree mahi ana i runga i te kaupapa ā-tinana taketake o te ine i te tere o te ngaru oro i a ia e horapa ana i roto i te reo wai. Ko te pūoko he mea hanga mai i tētahi tuku me tētahi kaiwhiwhi kei te tawhiti pumau, e mōhiotia ana tetahi i tetahi (d). Mā te ine i te wā tika e pau ana kia haere te tohu ultrasonic mai i te tuku ki te kaiwhiwhi (t), ka taea te tatau i te tere oro (v) mā te whakamahi i te tātai māmā: v=d/t.
Ko te āhuatanga ā-tinana e hanga ana i tēnei tikanga ine whai hua ko te hononga tika i waenga i tete nui o te waikawa tartaric i roto i te wainame te tere oro o te wai. Ka pāngia te tere o te ngaru oro i roto i te wai e ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, inā koa tōna kiato me te modulus papatipu. Ina he totoka, pērā iwaikawa tātara, ki te rewa i roto i te wai, ka hurihia ēnei āhuatanga, ka hanga he whanaungatanga tika, ka taea te ine i waenga i te kukū me te tere o te oro.
Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o tēnei tikanga ko te hiahia kia whakatikatikahia te pāmahana. He tino tairongo hoki te tere o te oro ki te pāmahana; mā te huringa o te 1°C noa iho ka puta he panoni nui o te tere. Hei whakakore i tēnei, ko te kukū waikawa tartaric Lonnmetermitahe pūoko pāmahana ā-roto pakari e ine ana i te pāmahana o te wai i te wā kotahi me te tere o te oro. Kātahi ka whakamahia e te pūnaha tēnei rerenga raraunga takirua hei whakatika i ngā pānga wera, hei wehe i te taurangi kukū me te whakarite kia tino tika te ine. Ko te kaha o teinrārangite arotahimitaKo te whakarato i ngā putanga maha i te wā kotahi—te kukū, te tere o te oro, me te pāmahana—he āhuatanga matua tēnei o tēnei tukanga utu matatau.
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
Te Manawanui Tūturu ki ngā Whakararuraru Waina Noa
Mā te hoahoa pakari, hiri hoki o te pūoko Lonnmeter ka mau tonu te manawanui ki ngā āhuatanga ahurei, ā, he maha ngā wā ka raru te taiao hanga waina. Kua hangaia te taputapu kia kore e pāngia e te wiri, te haruru, te rere, te tae, te pahuka, ngā mea totoka rānei.
Te pōuri me te tae:He rerekē tēnei i ngā tikanga ine whatu, ine tae rānei, e whakararuhia ana e te mārama me te hurihanga o te tae o te waina karepe me te waina whero, kāore he arai o te mātāpono oro o te Lonnmeter. Ka whakatauhia tika tēnei e tēnei he raruraru roa kua roa e pā ana ki te umanga.
Pahuka me te Hau:I te wā o te tukanga whakapūkara, he nui te pahuka me te hauhā waro rewa (CO2), ka taea te whakararuraru i ētahi atu momo pūoko, pērā i ngā mita rere papatipu. Ko te hangarau auau-teitei motuhake a te Lonnmeter he mea hanga motuhake hei whakarato i ngā inenga pono ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga pahuka hau teitei.
Ngā Mea Totoka Whakarewa me te Tauine:Kāore he wāhanga neke o te mita kukū waipiro Lonnmeter, ā, he hoahoa hiri katoa. Nā tēnei ka tino ātete ki te pakaru mai i ngā totoka i whakatārewatia me te kohikohi mai i te tauine, he take noa ēnei i roto i te hanga waina e whakararu ana i ētahi atu hangarau. Ko te mutunga mai he tino heke ngā utu tiaki me te tika o te ine i roto i te wā.
Ngā Painga Whakahaere me te Ōhanga puta noa i te Tukanga Hanga Waina
Ehara i te mea he whakapai ake hangarau noa iho te whakaurunga o tētahi pūoko kukū waikawa Lonnmeter ki roto i te raina whakaputa waina; he haumi rautaki e hua mai ai he painga whakahaere me te ōhanga nui.
| Atamira Hanga Waina | Painga Whakahaere | Painga Ōhanga | Painga Kounga |
| Te Tukatuka Wai Karepe | Ka whakakore i te whakapae i roto i te waikawa; ka whakarato raraunga mō te ine tika | He iti ake ngā utu matū; he iti ake te ngaronga o te hua i te pirau | He pai ake te āhua o ngā kare ā-roto; he pumau o ngā moroiti kua whakamanahia |
| Te whakapūkara | Ka taea te aroturuki tonu i ngā huringa matū hihiri | Ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā tāpiringa matū o te wāhanga whakamutunga | Ka pupuri i te reka me te kakara tūturu; ka ārai i te whakapūtanga o te huakita |
| Te Pakeketanga me te Whakapūmautanga o te Tartrate | Ka arotau i te wā pumau o te makariri; ka whakarite kia tino ua te ua | He nui ngā penapena pūngao; he iti iho te mahi | Ārai i te waikura me te ngaronga o te kakara; he pumau tirohanga kua whakamanahia |
| Te Whakaranu me te Whakatō-mua | Ka whakarite i te ōritetanga i waenga i ngā rota; ka āwhina i te tutuki i ngā ture | Te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te hua mai i ngā puranga kāore i te rite ki ngā whakaritenga | Te pumau o te hua whakamutunga i roto i te pounamu |
He haumitanga rautaki te pūoko kukū waikawa Lonnmeter e tuku ana i te hokinga mai o te haumitanga mārama me te nui. Mā te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi, te tapahi i te whakapaunga pūngao mā te whakatau pai i te makariri, me te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te hua mai i te pirau me te waikawa nui rawa, ka pā tika te hangarau ki te hua o te whare hanga waina. Ko tōna hoahoa kore-karihi, kore-wāhanga neke me te iti o ngā whakaritenga tiaki ka whai wāhi hoki ki te utu iti o te mana katoa i roto i tōna roanga ora.
He rerekē tēnei i ngā hangarau tuku iho me ngā hangarau rerekē nā tōna mahi tonu, ā-roto, me tōna ātete ā-roto ki ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te waina, pērā i tōna tae, tōna pōuri, me te nui o te pahuka. Mā ōna āheinga whakawhitiwhiti matihiko, tae atu ki a Modbus me Profibus, ka taea te whakauru pai ki roto i tētahi taiao "whare hanga waina atamai" hou, aunoa.
Ko te nekehanga ki tētahi tauira e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, e whakahohea ana e tētahi pūoko pēnei i te mita kukū waikawa Lonnmeter, ehara i te mea ko te whai huatanga anake; he nekehanga rautaki hoki mō te whakaiti i te mōrearea, te tiaki i te waitohu, me te painga whakataetae i roto i tētahi mākete uaua o te ao. Whakapā mai ki a mātou inaianei tonu hei whakapai ake i ō raina whakaputa waina.
