I. Te Hiranga o te Ine i te Matatini o te Rapa i roto i te Hanga SBR
Ko te angitu o te hanga o te Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakahaere tika me te aroturuki i ōna āhuatanga rheological. Ko te matotoru, e ine ana i te ātete o te rauemi ki te rere, ko ia te tawhā tino nui e whakatau ana i te ngāwari o te tukatuka o ngā matū rapa takawaenga me te taupū kounga whakamutunga o ngā hua kua oti.
I roto i terapa hangaitukanga hanga, ka whakaratohia e te matotoru he tohu tika, he tohu ine mō ngā āhuatanga hanganga taketake o te pūmua, inā koa ko tōna taumaha ngota (MW) me te tohatoha taumaha ngota (MWD). Kāore i te ōritete ine i te matotoru o te rapaka whakararu tika i te whakahaere rauemi me te mahi o ngā hua kua oti. Hei tauira, ko ngā matū e whakaatu ana i te matotoru rawa ka whakawhāiti i ngā mahi o raro pērā i te extrusion, te calendering rānei, ka hua ake te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao, te taumahatanga mahi nui ake, me te ngoikore pea o ngā taputapu. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā matū he tino iti te matotoru, tērā pea kāore i te kaha rewa e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i te kounga o ngā āhuatanga i te wā hanga, i te wā whakamaroke rānei.
Rapa Styrene-Butadiene (SBR)
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Haunga te whakahaere ā-mīhini noa iho, he mea nui te whakahaere matotoru hei whakatutuki i te horapa ōrite o ngā tāpiringa whakakaha nui, pērā i te pango waro me te silica. Ko te ōritetanga o tēnei horapa e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-mīhini whakamutunga o te rauemi, tae atu ki ngā inenga nui pērā i te kaha kume, te ātete ki te pakū, me te whanonga hihiri matatini e whakaatuhia ana i muri i tete tukanga whakamomona i te rapa.
II. Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Rapa Styrene Butadiene (SBR)
He aha te rapa Styrene Butadiene??
He rapa Styrene Butadiene (SBR) he elastomer hangai maha-whakamahinga, e whakamahia whānuitia ana nā te mea he pai te ōwehenga utu-ki-te-mahi me te nui o te rahinga e wātea ana. Ka hangaia te SBR hei copolymer i ahu mai i te 1,3-butadiene (tata ki te 75%) me ngā monomer styrene (tata ki te 25%). Ka honoa ēnei monomer mā te tauhohenga matū e kiia nei ko te copolymerization, ka hanga he mekameka polymer roa, maha-wae. He mea hanga motuhake te SBR mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te roa o te mau me te ātete ki te pakū, he mea pai mō ngā takahanga potae.
Te Tukanga Hanga Rapa Hanga
Ka tutuki te hanganga SBR mā roto i ngā tikanga polymerization ahumahi e rua, ka hua ake he rauemi he rerekē ngā āhuatanga ā-roto, ā, me whakahaere motuhake te matotoru i te wā wai.
Te Whakapūhuitanga Emulsion (E-SBR):I roto i tēnei tikanga matarohia, ka whakamararatia, ka whakaemulhia rānei ngā monomer ki roto i tētahi otinga wai mā te whakamahi i tētahi surfactant rite ki te hopi. Ka tīmatahia te tauhohenga e ngā kaiwhakaoho rauropi kore utu, ā, me whai pūmau hei ārai i te pirau o te hua. Ka taea te whakaputa i te E-SBR mā te whakamahi i ngā pāmahana tukanga wera, makariri rānei; e mōhiotia ana te E-SBR makariri mō tōna ātete pai ki te pakū, te kaha kume, me te iti o te manawanui.
Te Whakapūhuitanga Otinga (S-SBR):Ko tēnei tikanga matatau ko te whakakotahitanga anionic, e whakamahi ana i te alkyl lithium initiator (pērā i te butyllithium) i roto i te whakarewa hauwaiwai, he hexane, he cyclohexane rānei. Ko ngā momo S-SBR he taumaha ngota teitei ake, he whāiti ake hoki te tohatoha, ka hua ake he āhuatanga whakarei ake pērā i te ngāwari ake, te kaha kume teitei, me te ātete hurihuri iti ake i roto i ngā potae, ka waiho te S-SBR hei hua utu nui, utu nui ake.
He mea nui, i roto i ngā tukanga e rua, me whakamutu tika te tauhohenga polymerization mā te whakauru i tētahi mekameka whakamutu, i tētahi kaihoko aukati-poto rānei ki roto i te wai para o te tauhohenga. Mā tēnei ka whakahaere i te roa o te mekameka whakamutunga, he taahiraa e whakatū tika ana i te taumaha ngota ngota tīmatanga, ā, nō reira, ko te turanga.matotoru o te rapai mua i te whakakotahitanga.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Rapa Styrene Butadiene
E whai uara ana te SBR mō tōna kaha ki te whakaatu i ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-pūkaha hoki:
Te Mahi Mīhini:Ko ngā kaha matua ko te kaha kume teitei, e ahu mai ana i te 500 ki te 3,000 PSI, me te ātete pai ki te pakū. He pai hoki te ātete a te SBR ki te pēhanga me te ātete pānga teitei. Hei tāpiri, he ātete pakaru te rauemi, he āhuatanga matua e āhei ai te whakauru i ngā rahinga nui o ngā whakakī whakapakari, pērā i te pango waro, hei whakarei ake i te kaha me te ātete ki te UV.
Kōtaha Matū me te Wera:Ahakoa he ātete te SBR ki te wai, ki te waipiro, ki ngā ketone, me ētahi waikawa rauropi, he tino kitea ngā ngoikoretanga. He iti tōna ātete ki ngā hinu hinu, ki ngā wahie hauwai kakara, ki te ozone, me ngā whakarewa halogenated. Mō te wera, ka mau tonu te ngāwari o te SBR puta noa i te whānuitanga, me te whakamahinga tonu o te 225°F me te ngāwari pāmahana iti e toro atu ana ki raro ki te -60℉.
Te Matatini hei Tohu Matua mō te Taumaha Ngota me te Hanganga Mekameka
Ko ngā āhuatanga reological o te polymer mata ka whakatauhia e te hanganga ngota ngota—te roa me te nui o te peka o ngā mekameka polymer—i whakatūria i te wā o te polymerization. Ko te taumaha ngota ngota teitei ake ka hua ake he matotoru ake, ā, he iti ake ngā tere rere rewa (MFR/MVR). Nō reira, ko te ine i te matotoru ā-roto (IV) i te tukunga o te tauhohenga he rite tonu ki te aroturuki tonu i te hanganga o te hoahoa ngota ngota e hiahiatia ana.
III. Ngā Mātāpono Rheological e Whakahaere ana i te Tukatuka SBR
Ngā mātāpono rheological, te whakawhirinakitanga ki te tere kutikuti, te aro ki te pāmahana/pēhanga.
Ko te Rheology, te ako i te āhua o te hurihanga me te rere o ngā rauemi, e whakarato ana i te anga pūtaiao mō te mārama ki te whanonga o te SBR i raro i ngā āhuatanga tukatuka ahumahi. Ko te SBR he rauemi viscoelastic matatini, ko te tikanga he āhuatanga e whakakotahi ana i ngā urupare viscous (rere pumau, rite ki te wai) me te elastic (whakahoki, rite ki te totoka). Ko te mana o ēnei āhuatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere me te roa o te kawenga e whakamahia ana.
Ko ngā matū SBR he wai kore-Newtonian. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko ō rātou wai e kitea anamatotoru rapaehara i te uara pumau engari he mea nuite whakawhirinakitanga o te tere kutikuti; ka tino heke te matotoru i te pikinga ake o te tere kutikuti, he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te angiangi kutikuti. He pānga nui tēnei whanonga ehara i te Newtonian mō te whakahaere kounga. Ko ngā uara matotoru e whiwhihia ana i ngā tere kutikuti iti, pērā i ngā mea i inehia i roto i ngā whakamātautau viscometer Mooney tuku iho, ka kore pea e whakaatu i te whanonga o te rauemi i raro i ngā tere kutikuti teitei e pā ana ki te whakaranu, te pokepoke, te whakaputa rānei. Haunga te kutikuti, he tino tairongo hoki te matotoru ki te pāmahana; ka whakaitihia e te wera tukanga te matotoru, e āwhina ana i te rere. Ahakoa he pānga anō hoki te pēhanga ki te matotoru, he mea nui te pupuri i te pāmahana pumau me te hītori kutikuti rite tonu, nā te mea ka rerekē te matotoru i runga i te kutikuti, te pēhanga, me te wā tukatuka.
Te Pānga o ngā Kaiwhakaahua Kirihou, ngā Whakakī, me ngā Āwhina Tukatuka ki te Matatini SBR
Tetukatuka rapaKo te wāhanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakakotahitanga, ko te whakauru i ngā tāpiringa maha e whakarerekē nui ana i te rheology o te polymer SBR turanga:
Ngā mea hanga kirihou:He mea nui ngā hinu tukatuka hei whakapai ake i te ngāwari me te āheinga tukatuka whānui o te SBR. Mā te whakaiti i te matotoru o te matū ka mahi, ka āwhina i te horapa ōrite o ngā whakakī me te whakangawari i te hanganga polymer.
Ngā Whakakī:Ka whakanuia e ngā matū whakapakari, ko te waro pango me te silica te nuinga, te matotoru o te rauemi, ka hua ake he āhuatanga ā-tinana uaua e ārahihia ana e ngā taunekeneke whakakī-whakakī me te whakakī-polymer. He taurite te whakatutukitanga o te mararatanga tino pai; ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matū pēnei i te glycerol hei whakangawari i ngā whakakī lignosulfonate, me te whakatikatika i te matotoru o te whakakī kia tata atu ki te matotoru o te matrix SBR, ā, ka whakaitihia te hanganga agglomerate me te whakapai ake i te ōritetanga.
Ngā Kaihoko Whakapūkara:Ko ēnei matū, tae atu ki te whanariki me ngā whakateretere, ka puta he panoni nui ki te rheology o te matū kāore anō kia rongoatia. Ka pāngia e rātou ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te haumaru wera (te ātete ki te hononga whakawhiti wawe). Ko ētahi atu tāpiri motuhake, pēnei i te silica kua kohuhia, ka taea te whakamahi rautaki hei kaihoko whakanui matotoru hei whakatutuki i ngā whāinga rheological motuhake, pēnei i te whakaputa kiriata matotoru me te kore e whakarerekē i te ihirangi totoka katoa.
Te Hononga i te Rheology ki te Whakapūtanga o te tukanga rapa me te Kīanga Hononga Whakamutunga
Ko te whakatikatika rheological e tukuna ana i te wā e whakaranua ana me te hanga e hono tika ana ki te mahi ratonga whakamutunga o te hua kua whakamomonatia.
Te ōritetanga me te mararatanga:Ko ngā kōtaha matotoru koretake i te wā whakaranu—he maha ngā wā e hono ana ki te whakaurunga pūngao kore-tino pai—ka hua ake he marara ngoikore me te tohatoha kore-ōrite o te kete honohono-whiti (whanariki me ngā whakateretere).
Te Tukanga Whakamomona i te rapa:Ko tēnei tukanga matū kore e taea te whakakore ko te whakamahana i te matū SBR, me te whanariki te tikanga, hei hanga hononga whakawhiti tuturu i waenga i ngā mekameka polymer, hei whakanui ake i te kaha, te ngāwari, me te roa o te rapa. E toru ngā wāhanga o te tukanga: te wāhanga whakaoho (wera) te wāhi e puta ai te hanga tuatahi; te wāhanga whakawhiti, te wāhanga whakamaroke rānei (te tauhohenga tere i te 250 ℉ ki te 400 ℉; me te āhua tino pai.
Te Kīanga Hononga-Whakawhiti:Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha mutunga rawa e whakahaeretia ana e te mātotoru hononga-whiti kua tutukihia. Teitei ake o te DcKa āraihia e ngā uara te nekehanga o te mekameka ngota, ka piki ake te modulus rokiroki, ā, ka pā ki te urupare viscoelastic kore-raina o te rauemi (e mōhiotia ana ko te pānga Payne). Nō reira, he mea nui te whakahaere rheological tika i ngā wāhanga tukatuka kāore anō kia whakamaroketia kia tika ai te whakarite o ngā matūmua ngota mō te tauhohenga whakamaroketia e whai ake nei.
IV. Ngā Raru o nāianei i roto i te Ine i te Matatini
Ngā Here o te Whakamātautau Tuimotu Tuku Iho
Ko te whānui o te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga tuku iho, motumotu, me te nui o te mahi e whakapau kaha ana ka whakatakoto i ngā herenga whakahaere nui ki te hanga SBR tonu, ka ārai i te arotau tere o te tukanga.
Te Matapae me te Whakaroa o te Matotoru o Mooney:Ko te taupū kounga matua, ko te matotoru o Mooney, ka inehia i te tuimotu. Nā te uaua o te tinana me te matotoru teitei o te ahumahite tukanga hanga rapa, kāore e taea te ine tika i te wā tūturu i roto i te mīhini whakaranu ā-roto. Hei tāpiri, he uaua te matapae tika i tēnei uara mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira wheako tuku iho, inā koa mō ngā matū e whakauru ana i ngā whakakī. Ko te roa o te wā e pā ana ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ka whakaroa i ngā mahi whakatikatika, ka piki ake te mōrearea pūtea o te whakaputa i te nui o ngā rauemi kāore i te tino tika.
Hītori Mīhini kua Whakarerekētia:Ahakoa e taea ana e te rheometry capillary te tautuhi i te whanonga rere, me whakarite nui te tauira. Me hanga anō te rauemi ki ngā rahi porotaka motuhake i mua i te whakamātautau, he tukanga e whakarerekē ana i te hītori miihini o te matū. Nō reira, kāore pea te matotoru i inehia e whakaata tika i te āhua tuturu o te matū i te wā o te ahumahi.tukatuka rapa.
Ngā Raraunga Kotahi-Pūtake Kāore i te Rawaka:Kotahi noa te taupū rere ka puta mai i ngā whakamātautau auau rere rewa paerewa (MFR) me te auau rōrahi rewa (MVR) i ngā āhuatanga pumau. Kāore tēnei i te rawaka mō te SBR ehara i te Newtonian. Tērā pea e rua ngā puranga rerekē e whakaatu ana i ngā uara MVR ōrite engari he tino rerekē ngā matotorutanga i ngā auau kutikuti teitei e pā ana ki te whakaputanga. Ka taea e tēnei rerekētanga te hua ake he rahunga tukatuka kāore i matapaetia.
Te Utu me te Taumahatanga Rautaki:Mā te whakawhirinaki ki te tātari taiwhanga i waho o te papaanga ka nui te utu whakahaere me te roa o te wā. Ka tukuna e te aroturukitanga tonu he painga ōhanga mā te whakaiti nui i te maha o ngā tauira e hiahiatia ana he tātaritanga o waho.
Te Wero o te Ine i ngā Matū SBR Matatini-Teitei me te Maha-Wāhanga
Ko te whakahaere ahumahi o ngā matū rapa e uru ana ki ngā rauemi e whakaatu ana i ngā matotoru tino teitei me te whanonga matotoru, e hanga ana i ngā wero ahurei mō te ine tika.
Paheke me te whati:Ko ngā rauemi rapa matotoru, ātete-waikura, ka pāngia e ngā raruraru pērā i te paheke o te pakitara me te whati tauira i puta mai i te ngāwari ina whakamatautauria i roto i ngā rheometer rohe tuwhera tuku iho. Me whakamahi taputapu motuhake, pērā i te rheometer mate wiri me te hoahoa rohe kati, niho, hei whakakore i ēnei pānga, inā koa i roto i ngā rauemi kua whakakīia kei reira ngā taunekeneke uaua o te polymer-whakakī.
Te Tiaki me te Horoi:He maha ngā wā ka āraia ngā pūnaha rere-roto ipurangi paerewa, ngā pūnaha capillary rānei, nā te piripono me te matotoru o ngā polymer me ngā whakakī. Nā tēnei, me whai tikanga horoi matatini, ā, ka nui te utu mō te wā whakamutu mahi, he ngoikoretanga nui tēnei i roto i ngā tautuhinga whakaputa tonu.
Te Hiahia mō tētahi taputapu matotoru ā-roto pakari mō ngā otinga polymer.
I te wāhanga tuatahi o te otinga, o te parapara rānei, whai muri i te whakapūhuitanga, ko te ine matua ko te matotoru ā-roto (IV), e pā tika ana ki te taumaha ngota me te mahi a te pūhui. He puhoi rawa ngā tikanga taiwhanga tuku iho (hei tauira, te GPC, ngā karāhe rānei) mō te whakahaere i te wā tūturu.
E hiahiatia ana e te taiao ahumahi he pūnaha aunoa me te pakaritaputapu matotoru ā-roto. Mā ngā otinga hou, pērā i te IVA Versa, ka aunoatia te tukanga katoa mā te whakamahi i tētahi inenga āwhata-rua hei ine i te matotoru o te otinga, ka whakaitihia te pā atu a te kaiwhakamahi ki ngā whakarewa, ā, ka tutuki te tino tika (ngā uara RSD i raro i te 1%). Mō ngā tono ā-roto i te wāhanga rewa, ka taea e Side Stream Online-Rheometers (SSR) te whakatau i tētahi uara IV-Rheo i runga i ngā inenga matotoru kutikuti tonu i tētahi tere kutikuti pumau. Mā tēnei inenga ka whakatū he hononga ā-wheako e āhei ai te aroturuki i ngā huringa MW i roto i te awa rewa.
V. Ngā Wāhanga Tukanga Hira mō te Aroturukitanga o te Matatini
Te hiranga o te ine tuihono i te tukunga o te tauhohenga polymerization, te whakaranu/te pokepoke, me te hanga i mua i te whakaputanga.
He mea nui te whakatinana i te ine matotoru ipurangi nā te mea ko ngā wāhanga tukanga matua e toru—te whakapūhui, te whakaranu (te whakaranu), me te hanga whakamutunga (te whakaputa)—ka whakatū i ngā āhuatanga rheological motuhake, kāore e taea te whakakore. Mā te whakahaere i ēnei wāhi ka ārai i te tukunga iho o ngā hapa kounga.
Tukunga o te Tauhohenga Whakapūhui: Te aroturuki i te huringa, te taumaha ngota.
Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei wāhanga ko te whakahaere tika i te tere o te tauhohenga inamata me te tohatoha taumaha ngota whakamutunga (MW) o te pūhui SBR.
He mea nui te mōhio ki te taumaha ngota ngota e whanake haere ana, nā te mea ka whakatau i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana whakamutunga; heoi, ko ngā tikanga tuku iho ka ine i te MW i te otinga o te tauhohenga anake. Ko te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu o te matotoru o te paru, o te otinga rānei (te matotoru ā-roto tata) ka whai tika i te roa o te mekameka me te hanganga hoahoa.
Mā te whakamahi i te urupare matotoru wā-tūturu, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakatinana i te mana whakahaere hihiri, matatau. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakarerekē tika i te rere o te kaiwhakahaere taumaha ngota, te kaihoko aukati-poto rānei.i mua iKa eke te huringa monomer ki tōna taumata teitei. Mā tēnei āheinga ka hiki ake te mana whakahaere tukanga mai i te tirotiro kounga tauhohe (e uru ana ki te tango, ki te whakaranu anō rānei i ngā puranga kāore i te tino whakaritenga) ki te whakahaere tonu, aunoa o te hanganga turanga o te polymer. Hei tauira, mā te aroturuki tonu ka tutuki te matotoru o te polymer mata Mooney i ngā whakaritenga ina tae te tere huringa ki te 70%. He mea nui ki konei te whakamahi i ngā probes resonator torsional pakari, ā-roto, kua hangaia hei tu atu i ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga teitei e āhua ana ki ngā para o te tauhohenga.
Te Whakaranu/Te Pokepoke: Te Arotau i te Mararatanga Tāpiri, te Whakahaere Kutikuti, te Whakamahinga Pūngao.
Ko te whāinga o te wāhanga whakaranu, e mahia ana i roto i tētahi mīhini whakaranu ā-roto, kia rite te marara o te polymer, ngā whakakī whakakaha, me ngā āwhina tukatuka, me te whakahaere marie i te hītori wera me te kutikuti o te matū.
Ko te kōtaha matotoru te tohu tino mō te kounga o te whakaranu. Ka pakaru te rapa i ngā kaha kutikuti teitei e hangaia ana e ngā rotors, ā, ka puta he marara. Mā te aroturuki i te huringa matotoru (e kitea pinepine ana mai i te taipana me te whakaurunga pūngao tūturu), ko te tino tikapūwāhi mutungaka taea te whakatau tika i te huringa whakaranu. He tino pai ake tēnei huarahi i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wā huringa whakaranu pumau, e 15 ki te 40 meneti te roa, ā, ka ngāwari ki te rerekētanga o te kaiwhakahaere me ngā āhuatanga o waho.
He mea nui te whakahaere i te matotoru o te matū i roto i te awhe kua tohua mō te kounga o te rauemi. Mā te kore e tika te whakahaere ka ngoikore te horapa me ngā hapa o ngā āhuatanga whakamutunga o te rauemi. Mō te rapa matotoru-teitei, he mea nui te tere whakaranu kia tika ai te horapa e hiahiatia ana. I te mea he uaua ki te whakauru i tētahi pūoko ā-tinana ki roto i te taiao pōrearea, matotoru-teitei o tētahi mīhini whakaranu ā-roto, ka whakawhirinaki te whakahaere matatau kingā pūoko ngohengoheKa whakamahia e ēnei tauira e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga ngā taurangi tukanga (tere rotor, pāmahana, kukume hiko) hei matapae i te kounga whakamutunga o te puranga, pērā i tōna matotoru Mooney, ā, mā reira ka whakaratohia he whakatau tata wā-tūturu o te taupū kounga.
Mā te āheinga ki te whakatau i te mutunga whakaranu tino pai i runga i te kōtaha matotoru o te wā-tūturu ka hua ake he nui o te putanga me te pikinga o te pūngao. Mēnā ka tere ake te whakatutuki a te puranga i tōna matotoru marara whainga i te wā huringa kua whakaritea, ka moumou pūngao te haere tonu o te tukanga whakaranu, ā, ka tūpono hoki te kino o ngā mekameka polymer mā te whakaranu nui rawa. Mā te arotau i te tukanga i runga i te kōtaha matotoru ka taea te whakaiti i ngā wā huringa mā te 15-28%, ka puta tika ki te whai huatanga me te pikinga o te utu.
Te Whakaputa/Te Hanga i mua i te Whakarewatanga: Te whakarite kia rite te rere o te rewa, kia pumau hoki ngā āhuatanga.
Ko tēnei wāhanga ko te whakakirikiri i te rīpene rapa totoka, me te akiaki i roto i te mata hei hanga i tētahi kōtaha tonu, me te hiahia kia taurite te tātaritanga.
He mea nui te whakahaere i te matotoru i konei nā te mea ka whakahaere tika i te kaha me te rere o te rewa polymer. Ko te rere rewa iti (te matotoru teitei) te mea e pai ake ana mō te extrusion, nā te mea ka nui ake te kaha rewa, he mea nui mō te whakahaere i te whakahaere āhua (te pumau o te āhua) o te kōtaha me te whakaiti i te pupuhi o te mate. Ko te rere rewa koretake (MFR/MVR) ka arahi ki ngā hapa kounga whakaputa: ka taea e te rere nui te whakakoi, ko te rere iti ka arahi ki te whakakī wāhanga kāore i oti, ki te porosity rānei.
Ko te uaua o te whakahaere i te matotoru i roto i te extrusion, he tino ngāwari ki ngā raruraru o waho me te whanonga rheological kore-raina, e hiahia ana ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere matatau. Kua whakatinanahia ngā tikanga pēnei i te Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) hei whakahaere matatika i ngā rerekētanga matotoru, kia pai ake ai te mahi i roto i te pupuri i te matotoru kitea e hiahiatia ana ki te whakataurite ki ngā kaiwhakahaere Proportional-Integral (PI) tikanga.
Ko te ōritetanga o te matotoru rewa i te pane o te mate te mea whakamutunga e whakatau ana i te kounga o te hua me te whakaae ā-ira. Ka whakanuia e te extrusion ngā pānga viscoelastic, ā, he tino tairongo te pumau ā-ira ki ngā rerekētanga o te matotoru rewa, inā koa i ngā tere kutikuti teitei. Mā te ine ipurangi i te matotoru rewa i mua tonu i te mate ka taea te whakarerekē tere, aunoa i ngā tawhā tukanga (hei tauira, te tere o te tīwiri, te kōtaha pāmahana rānei) kia mau tonu ai te matotoru āhua rite, kia tika ai te āhua me te whakaiti i te para.
E whakaatu ana te Ripanga II i ngā whakaritenga aroturuki puta noa i te mekameka whakaputa SBR.
Ripanga II. Ngā Whakaritenga Aroturuki i te Matatini puta noa i ngā Wāhanga Tukatuka SBR
| Wāhanga Tukanga | Wāhanga Matatini | Tawhā Whāinga | Hangarau Ine | Kua Whakahohehia te Mahi Whakahaere |
| Tukunga o te Tauhohenga | Otinga/Paraoa | Te Matotoru ā-roto(Taumaha ngota) | Rheometer Awa Taha (SSR) me te IV Aunoa rānei | Whakatikatikahia te tere rere o te kaihoko aukati-poto, te kaiwhakahaere rānei. |
| Te whakaranu/te pokepoke | Pūhui Matatini-Teitei | Te Matotoru o Mooney (Te Matapae Taipana Āhua) | Pūoko Ngāwari (Tauira Whakauru Taipana/Pūngao) | Arotauhia te wā huringa whakaranu me te tere o te rotor i runga i te matotoru o te pito mutunga. |
| Te Whakaputa/Te Hanga i mua i te Whakaputa | Rewa Pūmua | Te Matotoru Rewa Āhua (te hononga MFR/MVR) | Resonator Torsional Inline, Capillary Viscometer rānei | Whakatikatikahia te tere/pāmahana o te tīwiri kia mau ai ngā āhuatanga me te pupuhi ōrite o te mate. |
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
Ētahi atu Mita Tukanga Ipurangi
VI. Hangarau Ine Matotoru Ipurangi
Ine Matotoru Wai ā-Rāina
Hei whakakore i ngā herenga ā-roto o ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga, ngā hangarau houtukatuka rapame whakamahi taputapu pakari, pono hoki. Ko te hangarau resonator torsional he whanaketanga nui i roto i te pūoko rheological tonu, ā-roto, ka taea te mahi i roto i te taiao wero o te hanga SBR.
Ngā taputapu pērā i teIne Matotoru Wai ā-RāinaKa whakahaerehia mā te whakamahi i tētahi resonator torsional (he wāhanga wiri) kua rumakina katoatia ki roto i te wai tukanga. Ka ine te taputapu i te matotoru mā te ine i te whakaiti ā-pūkaha e pāngia ana e te resonator nā te wai. Kātahi ka tukatukahia tēnei ine whakaiti, i te nuinga o te wā me ngā pānuitanga mātotoru, e ngā rauropi motuhake hei whakarato i ngā hua matotoru tika, ka taea te whakahoki, me te pumau.
He tino pai tēnei hangarau mō ngā tono SBR nā te mea he tino kaha te whakahaere:
Te Pakari me te Ārai Mate:Ko te tikanga, he mea hanga ngā pūoko ki te konganuku katoa (hei tauira, te maitai kore waikura 316L) me ngā hiri whakarewa-ki-konganuku, e kore ai e hiahiatia he elastomers ka pupuhi, ka pakaru rānei i raro i te pāmahana teitei me te pānga matū.
Whānuitanga me te Hototahitanga Wai:Ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te aroturukimatotoru o te rapangā matū puta noa i te whānuitanga whānui, mai i ngā uara tino iti ki te tino teitei (hei tauira, 1 ki te 1,000,000+ cP). He rite tonu te whai huatanga o ēnei ki te aroturuki i ngā wai ehara i te Newtonian, te wai kotahi-wāhanga, me ngā wai maha-wāhanga, he mea nui mō ngā para SBR me ngā rewa polymer kua whakakīia.
Ngā Āhuatanga Whakahaere Tino Kino:Kua whakamanahia ēnei taputapu mō te mahi puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā pēhanga me ngā pāmahana.
Ngā painga o ngā pūoko matotoru maha-ahu, ā-ipurangi, wā-tūturu (pakari, whakaurunga raraunga)
Mā te whakamahi rautaki i te pūoko ā-roto, ā-wā-tūturu, ka whakaratohia he rerenga tonu o ngā raraunga āhuatanga rauemi, ka nekehia te whakaputanga mai i ngā arowhai kounga wā-poto ki te whakahaere tukanga matatau.
Te Aroturuki Tonu:Mā ngā raraunga wā-tūturu ka tino whakaitihia te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tātari taiwhanga kua roa te mahi, he nui te utu. Mā tēnei ka taea te kite wawe i ngā pekapeka tukanga ngawari, i ngā rerekētanga puranga rānei o ngā rauemi mata e tae mai ana, he mea nui tēnei hei ārai i ngā take kounga o muri mai.
He iti te tiaki:Kua hangaia ngā hoahoa resonator pakari, taurite hoki mō te whakamahinga mō te wā roa, me te kore e hiahiatia he tiaki, he whirihoranga anō rānei, kia iti ai te wā whakatā mahi.
Whakaurunga Raraunga Kore-Maeneene:Ka tukuna e ngā pūoko hou ngā hononga hiko māmā ki te whakamahi me ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero paerewa-ahumahi, e āwhina ana i te whakaurunga tika o ngā raraunga matotoru me te pāmahana ki roto i ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Tohatoha (DCS) mō ngā whakatikatika tukanga aunoa.
Paearu Kōwhiri mō te taputapu e whakamahia ana hei ine i te matotorutanga i ngā wāhanga SBR rerekē.
Te kōwhiringa o ngā mea e tika anataputapu hei ine i te matotorue whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te āhua ā-tinana o te rauemi i ia pūwāhi o tete tukanga hanga rapa:
Otinga/Paraoa (Tauhohenga):Ko te whakaritenga he ine i te matotoru o te paru ā-roto, ā-ahua rānei. Kei roto i ngā hangarau ko ngā Side Stream Rheometers (SSR) e tātari tonu ana i ngā tauira rewa, i ngā inenga torsional tairongo-teitei rānei kua arotauhia mō te aroturukitanga wai/paru.
Pūhui Matatini-Teitei (Whakaranu):Kāore e taea te ine tika ā-tinana mā te miihini. Ko te otinga tino pai ko te whakamahi i ngā pūoko ngohengohe matapae e hono ana i ngā whakaurunga tukanga tino tika (taipana, kukume pūngao, pāmahana) o te mīhini whakaranu ā-roto ki te ine kounga e hiahiatia ana, pērā i te matotoru o Mooney.
Rewa Pūmua (Tukunga-Mua):Ko te whakatau whakamutunga o te kounga rere me whakamahi i tētahi pūoko pēhanga teitei i roto i te paipa rewa. Ka taea tēnei mā roto i ngā whakamātautau resonator torsional pakari, i ngā inenga viscometer capillary inline motuhake rānei (pērā i te VIS), e taea ai te ine i te matotoru rewa āhua i ngā tere kutikuti teitei e tika ana mō te extrusion, e hono ana i ngā raraunga ki te MFR/MVR.
Ko tēnei rautaki pūoko ranu, e whakakotahi ana i ngā pūoko taputapu pakari ina he iti te rere o te raraunga me ngā pūoko ngohengohe matapae ina he iti te urunga ā-ringa, e whakarato ana i tētahi hoahoa whakahaere pono-teitei e tika ana mō te whai huatanga.tukatuka rapawhakahaere.
VII. Te Whakatinanatanga Rautaki me te Ine i ngā Painga
Rautaki Whakahaere Ipurangi: Te whakatinana i ngā takahuri urupare mō ngā whakatikatika tukanga aunoa i runga i te matotorutanga wā-tūturu.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha whakahaere aunoa ngā raraunga matotoru wā-tūturu hei waihanga i ngā porowhita urupare urupare, kia mau ai te kounga hua, kia rite tonu hoki, e kore e taea e te tangata.
Inenga Aunoa:I te whakaranu, ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere te aroturuki tonu i te ōritetanga o te ranunga me te tāpiri aunoa i ngā wāhanga iti-matūtū, pērā i ngā mea whakapūmau kirihou, ngā whakarewa rānei, i roto i ngā rahinga tika ina hiahiatia. Mā tēnei rautaki ka mau tonu te pihi matūtū i roto i tētahi awhe whakawhirinaki kua tautuhia, kia kore ai e nekeneke.
Mana Matatau Matatau:Nā te mea ehara ngā rewa SBR i te Newtonian, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakararuraru i te whakaputanga, he maha ngā wā kāore e ranea ngā kaiwhakahaere paerewa Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) hei whakahaere i te matotoru rewa. Me whai tikanga matatau, pērā i te Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). Ka whakaarohia e te ADRC ngā whakararuraru me ngā hapa tauira hei āhuatanga hohe hei whakakore, ka whakaratohia he otinga pakari hei pupuri i te matotoru ūnga me te whakarite i te tika o ngā āhuatanga.
Te Whakatakotoranga Taumaha Ngota Hihiri:I te tauhohenga polymerization, ko ngā raraunga tonu mai i tetaputapu ine matotoru ā-rotoka whakahokia ki roto i te pūnaha whakahaere. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakarerekē i te tere rere o te kaiwhakahaere mekameka, ka tere tonu te utu mō ngā rerekētanga iti i roto i te tere o te tauhohenga me te whakarite kia noho tonu te taumaha ngota o te pūmua SBR ki roto i te awhi whaiti e tika ana mō te taumata SBR motuhake.
Te Whai Hua me te Utu: Te ine i ngā whakapainga o ngā wā huringa, te whakaiti i te mahi anō, te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te pūngao me ngā rauemi.
Ko te haumitanga ki ngā pūnaha rheology ipurangi ka hua mai he hokinga tika, he hokinga ine e whakarei ake ana i te hua whānui o tete tukanga hanga rapa.
Ngā Wā Huringa Arotau:Mā te whakamahi i te kitenga pito-mutunga e ahu mai ana i te matotoru i roto i te mīhini whakaranu ā-roto, ka whakakorea e ngā kaihanga te mōrearea o te whakaranu nui rawa. Ka taea te whakapai ake i tētahi tukanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā huringa pumau o te 25–40 meneti kia eke ki te matotoru marara e hiahiatia ana i roto i te 18–20 meneti. Ka taea e tēnei nekehanga mahi te whakaiti i te wā huringa mai i te 15–28%, ka puta tika ki te whakanui ake i te putanga me te kaha me te kore he haumitanga whakapaipai hou.
Te Whakaiti i te Mahi Anō me te Para:Mā te aroturuki tonu ka taea te whakatika tonu i ngā hapa o te tukanga i mua i te hua ake o te nui o ngā rauemi kāore i te rite ki ngā whakaritenga. Mā tēnei āheinga ka whakaitihia te utu nui o te mahi anō me ngā rauemi para, ka pai ake te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi.
Te Whakamahinga Pūngao Arotau:Mā te whakawhāiti tika i te wāhanga whakaranu i runga i te kōtaha matotoru o te wā-tūturu, ka arotauhia te whakaurunga pūngao kia tika ai te horapa. Mā tēnei ka whakakorea te moumou pūngao pirinoa e pā ana ki te whakaranu nui rawa.
Ngāwari o te Whakamahinga Rauemi:He mea nui te whakatikatika i te matotoru kua whakaritea ina tukatukahia ngā rauemi whāngai rerekē, kāore rānei i te tūturu, pērā i ngā pūmua hangarua. Mā te aroturuki tonu ka taea te whakatikatika tere i ngā tawhā pumau tukanga me te whakatikatika matotoru kua whakaritea (hei tauira, te whakanui ake, te whakaiti rānei i te taumaha ngota ngota mā roto i ngā tāpiringa) kia tutuki pono ai ngā whāinga rheological e hiahiatia ana, kia nui ake ai te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi rerekē me ngā rauemi iti ake te utu.
He nui ngā pānga ōhanga, e ai ki te whakarāpopototanga i roto i te Ripanga III.
Ripanga III. Ngā Hua Ōhanga me ngā Hua Whakahaere e Matapaetia ana mai i te Whakahaere Matatini Ipurangi
| Ine | Pūtake (Mana Tuimotu) | Whāinga (Mana Ipurangi) | Hua/Whakapaunga Ka Taea te Ine |
| Te Wā Huringa Puranga (Whakaranu) | 25–40 meneti (Wā Kua Whakaritea) | 18–20 meneti (Te Wāhi Whakamutunga o te Matatini) | Te Pikinga o te Pūngao 15–28%; Te Whakaiti i te Whakamahinga Pūngao. |
| Tere Puranga Kāore i te Whakaritea | 4% (Te Reiti Ahumahi Noa) | <1% (Whakatikatika Tonu) | Te whakahekenga tae atu ki te 75% i te mahi anō/para; Te whakahekenga i te ngaronga o ngā rauemi mata. |
| Wā Whakapūmau Tukanga (Ngā Whakaurunga Hangarua) | Ngā Hāora (Me maha ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga) | Ngā Miniti (Whakatikatika Tere IV/Rheo) | Te whakamahinga rauemi kua arotauhia; te kaha ake ki te tukatuka i ngā rauemi whāngai rerekē. |
| Te Tiaki Taputapu (Ngā Whakaranu/Ngā Kaiwhakaputa) | Te Rahunga Tauhohe | Te Aroturukitanga o te Ia Matapae | Te kimi hapa wawe; te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi kino me ngā utu whakatikatika. |
Tiaki Matapae: Te whakamahi i te aroturukitanga tonu hei kimi hapa wawe me ngā mahi ārai.
Kāore te tātari matotoru ipurangi i te whakahaere kounga anake, engari hei taputapu mō te hiranga o te mahi me te aroturuki i te hauora o ngā taputapu.
Te Kimi Hapa:Ko ngā panoni ohorere o ngā pānui matotoru tonu e kore e taea te whakamārama e te rerekētanga o ngā rauemi o runga ake ka taea te whakamahi hei tohu whakatūpato mō te hekenga o te miihini i roto i te mīhini, pērā i te pakaru o ngā tīwiri extruder, te hekenga o te rotor, te purua rānei o ngā tātari. Mā tēnei ka taea te tiaki ārai wawe me te whakarite, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā pakaru kino utu nui.
Whakamanatanga Pūoko Ngāwari:Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā raraunga tukanga tonu, tae atu ki ngā tohu taputapu me ngā whakaurunga pūoko, hei whakawhanake me te whakapai ake i ngā tauira matapae (ngā pūoko ngohengohe) mō ngā inenga nui pēnei i te matotoru o Mooney. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e ēnei rerenga raraunga tonu te mahi hei tikanga hei whakataurite me te whakamana i te mahi a ētahi atu taputapu ine ā-tinana i roto i te raina.
Te Tātaritanga Rerekētanga Rauemi:Ko te ia o te matotoru he paparanga nui o te parenga ki ngā rerekētanga o ngā rauemi mata kāore e kitea i roto i ngā tirotiro kounga taketake. Ka taea e ngā piki me ngā heke o te kōtaha matotoru tonu te tohu tonu i te rerekētanga o te taumaha ngota o te polymer turanga, te koretake rānei o te ihirangi makuku, te kounga rānei o ngā whakakī.
Ko te kohikohi tonu o ngā raraunga rheological taipitopito—mai i ngā pūoko ā-roto me ngā pūoko matapae ngohengohe—e whakarato ana i te turanga raraunga mō te whakatū i tētahi whakaaturanga mamati o te matū rapa. He mea nui tēnei huinga raraunga hītori tonu mō te hanga me te whakapai ake i ngā tauira wheako matatau e matapae tika ana i ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua o te hua whakamutunga, pērā i ngā āhuatanga viscoelastic, te ātete ngenge rānei. Mā tēnei taumata o te mana whakahaere whānui ka whakanui ake i tetaputapu ine matotoru ā-rotomai i tētahi taputapu kounga māmā ki tētahi rawa rautaki matua mō te arotau i te whakatakotoranga me te pakari o ngā tukanga.
VIII. Whakamutunga me ngā Taunakitanga
He whakarāpopototanga o ngā kitenga matua e pā ana ki te ine i te matotoru o te rapa.
E whakaū ana te tātaritanga ko te whakawhirinaki noa ki te whakamātautau rheological motumotu, tuimotu (Mooney thickness, MFR) ka whakatakoto i tētahi herenga taketake ki te whakatutuki i te tino tika me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga i roto i te hanga SBR hou, nui-rahi. Ko te āhua uaua, kore-Newtonian, me te viscoelastic o te Styrene Butadiene Rubber e hiahia ana ki tētahi panonitanga taketake i roto i te rautaki whakahaere—te neke atu i ngā inenga kotahi-ira, whakaroa ki te aroturuki tonu, wā-tūturu o te thickness kitea me te kōtaha rheological katoa.
Mā te whakaurunga o ngā pūoko ā-roto pakari, i hangaia mō tētahi kaupapa, inā koa ko ērā e whakamahi ana i te hangarau resonator torsional, me ngā rautaki whakahaere matatau (pēnei i te matapae ngawari i roto i ngā whakaranu me te ADRC i roto i ngā extruders), ka taea te whakarite i ngā whakatikatika aunoa, porowhita kati puta noa i ngā wāhanga nui katoa: te whakarite i te pumau o te taumaha ngota i te polymerization, te whakanui ake i te pai o te horapa o te whakakī i te wā whakaranu, me te whakarite i te pumau o te taha i te wā o te hanganga rewa whakamutunga. He mea whakamīharo te whakamārama ōhanga mō tēnei whakawhiti hangarau, e tuku ana i ngā hua ka taea te ine i roto i te putanga (15–28% te whakaiti i te wā huringa) me te whakaiti nui i te whakamahinga para me te pūngao. Whakapā atu ki te tīma hokohoko mō RFQ.
