Te Ine i te Kiato o te Otinga Konutea i roto i ngā Kaukau Konutea Whakarewa

Ngā Whakamahinga Whaihua o ngā Inenga In Situ i roto i te Whakahaere Tukanga

Kei te hurihia te tukanga whakakikorua konutea e ngā tikanga ine ā-tūturu, ā-tūturu—ina koa ko ngā mita kiato ultrasonic. Mā te aroturuki tonu i te kiato whakapūmau kaukau konutea ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā tukanga hihiri, he mea nui mō ngā hua kounga teitei me te whai huatanga.

Te Whakatikatika Kaukau Wā-tūturu hei Pupuri i te Kiato Tino Pai

Mā te whakamahi i te ine ā-tūnga i roto i te whakapūmau, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whai i ngā rerekētanga mātotoru i roto i te kaukau konutea whakapūmau me te urupare tika, tonu. Mā te mita mātotoru ultrasonic mō ngā whakaurunga kaukau konutea, pērā i ērā mai i Lonnmeter, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakatika tonu i te hanganga kaukau, me te pupuri i te mātotoru pai mō te paninga ōrite. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā pānui mātotoru ora te whakaoho i ngā tāpiringa aunoa o te konutea, te konumohe rānei ki roto i te kaukau, me te whakarite kia noho tonu te otinga i roto i ngā whakaritenga whainga me te ārai i ngā oma hua kore-motuhake.

Te Kitenga Wā Moata me te Ārai i ngā Hurihanga Tukanga

Ko te whakamāramatanga o ngā inenga tonu i roto i te wāhi ko te hopu i ngā rerekētanga pērā i te hanganga paru me te wehewehenga otinga i mua i te pānga ki te kounga o te hua. Ko te paru, te hanganga whakarewa rānei (tērā pea ko te η-Fe2Al5), ka puta hei rerekētanga mātotoru i roto i te kaukau. Mā ngā tikanga ine mātotoru i roto i te wāhi ka kitea wawe te kohikohinga paru ā-rohe, inā koa i te taha o ngā mata taputapu me ngā awaawa hurihuri, e hono ana ki ngā hapa rīpene i roto i ngā hua maitai kua oti. Waihoki, ko te wehewehenga otinga—te paparanga i puta mai i te pāmahana, i ngā rerekētanga hanganga rānei—ka whakarerekē i ngā kōtaha mātotoru kaukau, e tohu ana i te hiahia mō te whakaranu, te whakatikatika kaukau rānei hei whakahoki mai i te ōritetanga. Ko te whakaurunga ki te aroturuki tukanga e tautoko ana i ngā whakatūpato me te whakaiti i te wā-tūturu, e tino whakaiti ana i ngā reiti hapa me te wā kore mahi.

Te Whakapai Ake i te Mana Kounga mā te Urupare Tere

Ko te tere o te mōhio me te urupare ki ngā panonitanga mātotoru te pūtake o te arotautanga o te tukanga kaukau konutea. Ina kitea e te aroturuki kaukau konutea i te wā tūturu te nekehanga mātotoru, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere, e ngā pūnaha aunoa rānei te wawao, me te pupuri i te matotoru o te paninga me te kounga o te mata. Mō ngā raina whakaputa nui-rahi—ina koa i roto i ngā tono motuka—ka whakarite ēnei whakatikatika tere i te ōritetanga me te whakaiti i te putanga kua whakakahoretia. Mā te ine tonu i te ultrasonic o ngā kaukau whakakikorua ka pai ake te whai i ngā mea, ā, ka taea te whakamana tere i te āhua o te kaukau whakakikorua konutea, he mea nui tēnei mō te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa kounga pakari.

Te Arotau i te Whakakī Irahiko me te Whakamahinga Pūngao

Mā te ine i te mātotorutanga in situ ka whakaratohia he whakaurunga nui mō ngā rautaki whakakī irahiko tino pai, he mea nui mō te mahi kaukau whakakikorua konutea pumau. Mā ngā raraunga mātotorutanga ka ārahi i te tāpiri tika o ngā irahiko me te whakahaere i ngā tāpiringa, ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea o te hanganga dendrite me te whanaketanga hauwai, ka whakaiti i te pumau o te atanga. Hei tauira, mā te aroturuki tonu ka taea te ine tika i ngā matū pēnei i te Gly-Gly, e whakapakari ana i te pumau o te kaukau me te whakaroa i ngā huringa mahi. Heoi anō, mā te pupuri i te mātotorutanga kia rite tonu ki ngā taumata ūnga, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao, nā te mea ka noho pai, ka ōrite hoki te atanga hikohiko. Ka puta tēnei ki te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te whakapai ake i te pumau o te raina whakapūmau ahumahi.

Whakaurunga: Ngā Mita Matotoru Ultrasonic Lonnmeter

Ko ngā pūoko uku ultrasonic matatau mai i Lonnmeter te tohu paearu mō te ine ā-tūnga i roto i te whakapūmau. Mā ā rātou pānui mātotoru wā-tūturu ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakahaere aunoa te hanga i ngā whakarerekētanga tukanga hihiri. Ka mahi ēnei pūoko me te ātete teitei ki te pakū me te nekehanga matū, kia mau tonu ai te mahi ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi uaua. Mā te whakanoho tika ki roto i te otinga konutea, ka tukuna e ngā taputapu Lonnmeter ngā raraunga mātotoru ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu, e whakahaere aunoa ana i te inenga matū, te pāmahana, te tere whakaranu rānei. Mā tēnei whakaurunga ka tautoko pono i te whakahaere kounga kaukau whakapūmau, ā, ka whakaiti tere i te mōrearea o ngā hapa ā-ringa, ka whai wāhi ki te whakahaere tukanga whakapūmau konutea hiroki, pakari ake.

Te Whakatau i ngā Raru Kaukau mā te Ine i te Kiato Tika

Ko te kore pumau o te kaukau, te kore ōrite o ngā paninga konutea, me te nui rawa o te paru he wero tonu i roto i ngā tukanga whakakikorua konutea. Mā te ine tika i te mātotoru o te otinga konutea—ina koa mā ngā tikanga ine mātotoru in situ—ka taea te tautuhi me te whakatika i te wā tonu.

Ko te kore pumau o te kaukau i roto i ngā kaukau konutea whakapūmau ka puta pinepine mai i te kounga paninga rerekē, te nui haere o te kai tāpiri, te tipu rerekē rānei o te kaukau. Ko ngā take ko te kukū konutea kāore i te whakahaeretia, te memeha o te anode kāore i te ōrite, te horoinga ngoikore, me te poke o te rino, o ētahi atu poke rānei. Ko te whakawhirinaki nui ki te horahanga o te mata o te anode, kaua ki te ine tika i te matotoru o te otinga konutea, ka arahi pinepine ki te hanga konganuku konutea, e hiahia ana kia nui ngā mahi whakatikatika me te tūpono ka kohu, ka putunga rānei ngā hapa. Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau mita matotoru ultrasonic, pērā i te Lonnmeter, ka whiwhi ngā kaiwhakahaere i te ine tika, i roto i te wāhi i roto i te whakapūmau, ka taea ai te urupare tonu me te wawaotanga whakatikatika.

He hononga tata ngā paninga konutea kore-taurite ki ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga whakapūmau kaukau konutea. Ina heke te mātotoru i raro i te tino pai, ka puta pea ngā pikinga kukū hiko me te katote, ka hua ake he paparanga koretake, he paparanga taratara rānei. Ka inehia e te aroturuki kaukau konutea wā-tūturu te mātotoru kaukau ā-rohe, ka āwhina i te hono i ngā raruraru taurite ki ngā rerekētanga otinga. Hei tauira, mā te whakauru i te whakamāramatanga inenga in situ me te tātari kaukau hikohiko ka kitea mēnā ka puta mai he hekenga o te mātotoru mai i te whakahekenga tāpiri, te tōia mai i ngā horoinga, ngā huringa hanganga rānei. Mā te whakakaha i ngā mana whakahaere tukanga me te ine ultrasonic o ngā kaukau whakakikorua, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakapainga i te maeneene me te matotoru o te paninga, inā koa ka honoa ki ngā tāpiringa pēnei i ngā tote ammonium quaternary, nano-SiO2 rānei hei whakamahine i te witi.

Ko te nui rawa o te hanganga para, he āwangawanga matua i roto i te whakahaere kounga o te kaukau whakapūmau, he mea noa iho ka puta mai i te maturuturunga o ngā matū konutea-rino-konumohe i waenga i ngā konganuku. Ina kore e tino whakahaerehia te kiato o te kaukau—ina koa i roto i ngā tikanga tuku wera—ka taea e ngā pikinga kiato ā-rohe te hanga tata ki ngā taputapu nui, ka tere ake te hanga para, ka puta ai he raruraru mahi. E whakaatu ana te mita kiato orooro mō ngā pānui kaukau konutea i ngā wāhi kua rerekē te kiato, he maha ngā wā e hono ana ki ngā rohe e noho pūmau ana te wai, e kore rānei e tika te whakahaere pāmahana. Mā te aroturuki i te kiato o te otinga konutea me te pāmahana me te kukū, ka taea te arotau i te kaukau hei whakaiti i te hanga para. E whakaū ana ngā tauira tukanga hou e whakamahi ana i ngā raraunga kiato me ngā raraunga hihiri wai ka taea e te whakanui ake i te kukū konumohe te whakaiti ake i te para—he mea nui mō te arotau i te tukanga kaukau.

Mā te whakauru i ngā raraunga mātotoru kaukau me ētahi atu mana whakahaere tukanga ka huri i ngā raruraru tuku iho. Mā te tukutahi i te mātotoru kaukau konutea, te pāmahana, me te hanganga whakapūmau kaukau hikohiko, ka kitea wawetia e ngā pūnaha ngā mea e whakaoho ana i te kore pumau. Hei tauira, mā te whakakotahi i ngā pānui ultrasonic mai i te mita Lonn me te tātari matū tika me ngā kōtaha pāmahana ka hangaia he papaaho aroturuki whānui. Ka tautokohia e tēnei whakaurunga te whakatikatika tere o ngā kaihoko whakamakuku, ngā kaiwhakamomona, me ngā tawhā hiko, ka hua ake he paninga pumau, kounga teitei me te kore e nui te whakamahi tāpiri. I roto i ngā tukanga whakatakoto kaukau matū, ka whakarite tēnei mahi tahi i te tipu pai o te kiriata angiangi me te ātete ki te waikura, e tautokona ana e ngā whakamātautau ahumahi o te whakaurunga tauira-arahi.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka whai hua te tukanga whakakikorua konutea mai i te aroturukitanga matotoru, wā-tūturu o ngā tawhā kaukau. Mā ngā taputapu pēnei i te ine kiato ā-tūturu, ngā pūoko ultrasonic, me ngā raraunga tukanga whakauru ka tukuna he māramatanga mahi hei whakatau i ngā putunga kore-taurite, hei whakaiti i te paru, me te pupuri i ngā kaukau konutea pumau, whai hua.

Te Whakapūmau Kounga i roto i te Tukanga Whakakikorua Konutea

Ko te whakarite i te kounga teitei o te tukanga whakakikorua konutea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakahaere tika me te manatoko i te matotoru o te kaukau konutea. Ka pā tika tēnei tawhā ki te matotoru o te paninga, te piri, ā, i te mutunga, ki te tiakitanga waikura mō te wā roa e tukuna ana e te paparanga konutea.

Ngā Tikanga mō te Manatoko i ngā Putanga Tukanga e Pā Ana ki te Matotoru o te Kaukau

He mea nui te ine tika i te mātotoru o te kaukau mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ine mātotoru ā-tūnga mō te kounga o te tukanga. Ko te aroturuki i te kaukau konutea ā-wā tūturu—e mahia ana mā te mita mātotoru ultrasonic mō te kaukau konutea, mā te ine hihi-X ā-roto rānei (XRF)—e tuku ana i ngā raraunga nui mō te ōritetanga o te otinga puta noa i ngā mahi whakakikorua. Mā ēnei hangarau ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te hono i te hanganga kaukau ki ngā tawhā hua nui:

• Matotoru o te paninga:Mā ngā tikanga ine pēnei i te karuārai me te XRF ka ine i te paparanga konutea e pania ana ki ngā papa. Mā te kiato otinga konutea kua arotauhia ka tutuki te matotoru o te paninga e hiahiatia ana, ka whakaitihia ngā hapa e pā ana ki te paninga iti, nui rawa rānei. Hei tauira, kua whakaatuhia te nui haere o te kukū o te katote konutea i roto i te kaukau ka puta he paparanga tiaki matotoru ake, he ōrite ake ina whakahaeretia pai te pāmahana me te wā whakakikorua.
• Piripiri:Ko te manatoko i te piri o te paninga ka whakamahia ngā whakamātautau piko, rīpene (ASTM D3359), me ngā whakamātautau rakuraku paerewa, e tirotiro ana i te hononga i waenga i te paninga konutea me te maitai o raro. Ko ngā putunga matotoru, ōrite—he mea noa mō te kaukau whakakikorua konutea e whakahaeretia pai ana—e whakaatu ana i te piri kaha, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā paearu ahumahi tino pakari. Ko te whakahaere ngoikore i te matotoru o te kaukau ka arahi ki ngā paninga taratara, pakarukaru me te piri ngoikore, ka kitea pono mā te whakamahi i ēnei tikanga.

Te Whakamahinga o ngā Raraunga Kiato i roto i ngā Tuhituhi Kounga me ngā Aromatawai Tukanga

Ko te ine i te mātotoru o te wairewa konutea te poutokomanawa o ngā tuhinga tukanga e hiahiatia ana mō te whakahaere kounga o te kaukau whakapūkara. Mā ngā raraunga i kohia mai i te ine ā-tūnga i roto i te whakapūkara ka taea te tuhi taipitopito i ia puranga whakaputa. Kei roto i tēnei ko:

• Te Takitaki Auau:Te tuhi pūnaha o ngā uara mātotoru kaukau me ngā tawhā tukanga (pāmahana, mātotoru iahiko, tāpiritanga koranu).
• Te Aroturuki:Ka tautokohia e ēnei tuhinga te whai i ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki, te tutuki i ngā ture, me ngā arotake ā-roto. Mā ngā taputapu pono pērā i a Lonnmeter ka tika, ka pono hoki ngā raraunga.
• Te Ritenga o te Arotake:Ka whakamahia e ngā arotake kounga ngā tuhinga mō te matotoru o te kaukau hei manatoko i te ōritetanga o te tukanga, hei whakamana i ngā āhuatanga paninga, hei whakaū hoki i te piri ki ngā paerewa kua whakatūria. Ka taea te whai i ngā rerekētanga ki ngā rerekētanga matotoru motuhake, hei āwhina i te mahi whakatika.

Te Hononga i te Kiato Otinga ki te Ātete ki te Waikura mō te Wā Roa me te Mahi Paninga

Ko te tukanga whakapūmau i te kaukau konutea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kiato kaukau kua whakaritea kia āta whakaritea hei whakapūmau i te ātete ki te waikura me te mahi paninga whānui. E hono ana ngā rangahau wheako i te pikinga o te kiato kaukau—e whakahaeretia ana mā te kukū katote konutea me ngā tāpiringa e whakahaeretia ana—ki:

• Te Parenga Waikura Whakarei:Ko ngā paparanga konutea matotoru, kikī ake e whakaatu ana i te ātete pai rawa atu i roto i ngā whakamātautau tere. Heoi, mā te nui rawa o te kikī ka puta he mata taratara, nō reira he mea nui te whakahaere pai.
• Te Pono o te Mīhini:Ko ngā paninga ōrite, i hangaia mā te arotautanga kaukau wā-tūturu, ka ātete ki te ngatata me te tihore, ka mau tonu te tiakitanga i roto i ngā taiao uaua.
• Arotautanga Tukanga:Ko ngā whakarerekētanga i roto i te mātotoru whakapūmau kaukau hiko, e hopukina ana mā te whakamāramatanga ine ā-tūnga, e pā tika ana ki ngā whakapainga o te roa o te paninga me te ātete ki te whakaekenga matū. Ko ngā pūnaha koranu (hei tauira, te konutea-nikora) ka whakapai ake i te roa o te mau ina whakahaerea tika te hanganga kaukau.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, mā te ine whānui i te mātotoru o te otinga konutea, me ngā mahi manatoko me te tuhi tuhinga pakari, ka mau te mahi paninga mō te maitai piauau, ā, ka whakarite kia angitu te whakahaere kounga me ngā arotake tukanga.

Ngā Utauta me ngā Hangarau mō te Ine i te Kiato o te Wairewa Konutea

Ko te whakapūmau i te kaukau konutea hou e hiahiatia ana te ine tika i te matotoru o te otinga konutea hei pupuri i ngā tawhā tukanga tino pai, hei whakarite hoki i te kounga o te paninga. He maha ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga pūoko e whakamahia ana, he rerekē ngā mātāpono whakahaere, ngā kaha, me ngā herenga o ia taputapu.

Ngā Taputapu Matatau mō te Ine i te Kiato o te Otinga Konutea

Ine Matotoru Ultrasonic
Kua hangaia te mita mātotoru ultrasonic Lonnmeter mō te ine i roto i te whakapūmau. Ka whakamahia e ia ngā ngaru ultrasonic, hei ine i tō rātou tere me te whakaiti i a rātou e haere ana i roto i te kaukau konutea. Ka whakaratohia e te taputapu te aroturuki tonu, te wā-tūturu o te kaukau konutea, kia pai ai mō ngā taiao tukanga aunoa. Kāore e pokanoa, arā, kāore e hiahiatia he pa tika ki te otinga, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te poke, te kakahu rānei. Kua hangaia te taputapu kia mahi pono i raro i ngā pāmahana teitei me ngā āhuatanga waikura e kitea ana i roto i te whakapūmau kaukau hiko.

Ngā Hangarau Pūoko Kē Atu e Wātea ana

• Ngā Pūoko Pūmanawa:Inehia ngā panoni o te kaha hei whakautu ki te mātotoru o te otinga me te kukū ionic. He kiato ēnei pūoko, ka taea te tāuta ki roto, ā, ka tere te tuku urupare. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā pūnaha ine mātotoru ranu kia tika ake ai.
• Ngā mita wai:Ngā taputapu ā-ringa e whakamahi ana i te pūmau hei ine i te mātotoru. Me tango tauira me te pānui ā-ringa ngā hauwaimita, ā, kāore i te pai mō ngā tono wā-tūturu, aunoa rānei.
• Ngā Tikanga Tātaitanga:He tātari taiwhanga mō te mātotoru o te kaukau whakakikorua konutea mā te ine ine tauhohenga matū. He tino tika, engari he nui te mahi, ā, kāore e pai mō te arotau tukanga, mō ngā whakatikatika wā-tūturu rānei.

Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o ngā Huarahi Ine Matotoru

Te Ine i te Ultrasonic (hei tauira, te Lonnmeter):

• Ngā Painga:
  • Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ine kiato i te wā tūturu, i te wāhi tūturu.
  • Hototahi ki ngā pūnaha SCADA mō te whakahaere kounga aunoa o te kaukau whakapūkara.
  • Ka taea te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tino kino me ngā taiao waikura.
  • Kāore he tūponotanga o te irahiko; mā te whakamahi kore-pā ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te poke, te pakaru rānei.
  • Ka taea e te tika te eke ki te koretake ki te 1%, neke atu rānei, ā, ka taea e ngā tauira ranu te tuku i te tika tae atu ki te 0.1% i roto i ngā horopaki arotau tukanga kaukau konutea.
• Ngā ngoikoretanga:
  • He nui ake te utu tāutanga tuatahi i ngā pūoko tuku iho.
  • He tairongo ki ngā panonitanga o te āhua kaukau (hei tauira, ka pā pea te aueue nui, te mirumiru hau rānei ki ngā pānui).
  • Me whakatikatika ā-wā me te horoi pai.

Ngā Pūoko Pūmanawa:

• Ngā Painga:
  • He pai mō te ine tere i ngā otinga katote.
  • Hōputu-iti, ka taea te whakawhanui mō ngā whatunga pūoko tohatoha.
  • He whai hua mō te aroturuki i te kukū tere-tiketike.
• Ngā ngoikoretanga:
  • Ka ngāwari pea te poke o te hikohiko, inā koa i roto i ngā kaukau tino poke, i ngā kaukau rerekē rānei o te matū.
  • Me whakahou anō i te paerewa kia mau tonu ai te tika.

Ngā Ine Hauwai me ngā Tikanga Ine Taitara:

• Ngā Painga (Ngā Ine Waimārama):
  • He māmā te hanganga, e wātea ana mō ngā tirotiro taiwhanga.
• Ngā Huakore (Ngā Ine Waiora):
  • Mā te whakamahi ā-ringa anake; kāore e tika mō te arotau i te tukanga kaukau konutea.
  • Ngāwari ki ngā hapa a te tangata me ngā rerekētanga o te taiao.
• Ngā Painga (Titration):
  • He tino motuhake te matū me te tika mō te whakamana taiwhanga.
• Ngā Huakore (Titration):
  • Me tango te tauira.
  • Puhoi, nui te mahi—kāore e tika mō te whakahaere whakapūmau kaukau konutea wā-tūturu.

Te Kōwhiri i te Hangarau Ine Matotoru Tika

Me whai whakaaro ki ētahi āhuatanga i te whiriwhiri i tētahi tikanga ine mātotoru mō te tukanga whakakikorua konutea:

Te Matū Kaukau:
Ko ngā taiao whakapūmau kaukau hiko waikawa nui, kawakore rānei, e hiahia ana kia hangaia he pūoko mai i ngā koranu ātete-waikura, i ngā pūmua hangarau rānei. Hei tauira, ka roa ake te ora o ngā tirotiro ultrasonic me ngā paninga mahi-plasma i roto i ngā otinga kaha.

Taiao Whakahaere:
Ko te whakamāramatanga o ngā inenga ā-tūnga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha o ngā pūoko ki te noho tonu hei mahi i roto i te awa tukanga. Ko ngā mita ultrasonic kore-whakaeke pēnei i te Lonnmeter ka whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me te poke. Mō ngā tatūnga maha-kaukau, ka tukuna e ngā pūoko capacitive te ngāwari o te tāutanga engari me whai whare tiaki pea.

Te Tika e Hiahiatia ana:
Mō te whakahaere kounga kaukau whakapūmau aunoa, wā-tūturu, ka eke te mita mātotoru ultrasonic mō te kaukau konutea ki runga ake i ngā mita wai me ngā tikanga titration. Ko ngā pūnaha ranu e whakamahi ana i ngā pūoko ultrasonic me ngā pūoko capacitive e whakarato ana i te tika me te manawanui teitei ki te nekeneke. He whai hua tonu ngā huarahi ine ā-ringa mō te whakamana taiwhanga, te rapurongoā, te whakataurite ā-wā rānei.

Tauira Horopaki:
I roto i tētahi raina whakapūmau kaukau konutea tonu e whakamahi ana i te aroturuki kaukau konutea wā-tūturu e hangai ana ki te SCADA, he pai ake te mita mātotoru ultrasonic Lonnmeter whakauru nā te mea he tika, he hototahi aunoa, he ātete hoki ki te waikura. I tētahi atu taha, ko tētahi tukanga whakakikorua puranga me ngā huringa otinga auau ka whakamahi pea i ngā hydrometer mō ngā tirotiro ā-wā, e tautoko ana engari kāore e whakakapi i te aunoatanga kua whakahohea e ngā pūoko matatau.

Ripanga Whakarāpopototanga o ngā Paearu Kōwhiringa Pūoko:

Hangarau	Hototahi Kaukau	Te tika	Te Whaitake o te Aunoatanga	Ngā Hiahia Tiaki
Ultrasonic (Lonnmeter)	Tino pai	Teitei	Āe	Waenga
Āwhina	Pai	Waenga-Teitei	Āe	Teitei
Ine wai	Tika	Iti	No	Iti
Te ine ira	Taurangi	Teitei	No	Teitei

Ko te kōwhiringa pakari me te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūoko te poutokomanawa o te ine pono i te kiato o te otinga konutea, me te tautoko i te mahi pumau o te tukanga mō ngā mahi kaukau whakakikorua konutea me te kaukau konutea whakapūmau.