Ko te ahumahi hanga whakapaipai hou he mea āhua matatini, he maha ngā wā kei roto ko ngā wai ehara i te Newtonian. Ko ngā whanonga rheological ā-roto o ēnei rauemi, pērā i te shear-thrinning me te thixotropy, he wero nui ki ngā tikanga whakaputa tuku iho, e hua ake ai te koretake o te puranga-ki-te-puranga, te nui o te para rauemi mata, me te koretake o te mahi i roto i ngā tukanga nui pērā i te papu me te whakaranu. Ko ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga tuku iho, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā inenga matotoru tauhohe, kore-aho, kāore i te rawaka mō te hopu i te whanonga hihiri o ēnei wai i raro i ngā tikanga whakaputa.
I. Te Rheology me te Ngākau Whakapūmau Wai i roto i te Hanga Whakapaipai
He tukanga matatini te hanga o ngā mea whakapaipai, ā, he mea nui ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te wai. Ko te māramatanga hohonu ki ēnei āhuatanga he mea nui mō tētahi matapakinga whai tikanga mō te arotau i te tukanga. Kāore te kaha o te wai o ngā hua whakapaipai e whakahaeretia ana e ngā hononga ngāwari, ā, he rerekē rawa atu i ngā wai Newtonian pērā i te wai.
1.1Te Matatini me te Rheology
Ko te matotoru he ine i te ātete o te wai ki te ahotea e pā ana. Mō ngā wai Newtonian ngāwari, he pumau tēnei āhuatanga, ā, ka taea te tautuhi mā te uara kotahi. Heoi, he onge te māmā o ngā hanganga whakapaipai. Ko te nuinga o ngā hinu kiri, ngā kirimi, me ngā hopi horoi makawe ka whakarōpūtia hei wai ehara i te Newtonian, ā, ka rerekē te ātete ki te rere me te nui o te kaha (kutikuti) e pā ana.
Ko te rheology te kaupapa whānui me te mea nui mō tēnei ahumahi. Ko te ako i te rere me te whakarerekētanga o ngā wai, ngā tiēre, me ngā mea haurua-totoka. Kāore e ranea te kotahi raraunga hei matapae i te whanonga o tētahi hua i a ia e papuhia ana, e whakaranua ana, e whakakīia ana. Ka pā tika ngā āhuatanga rheological o tētahi hua ki ōna āhuatanga rongo, ki te pumau mō te wā roa i roto i te takai, me te mahi mahi. Hei tauira, ko te matotoru o te kirīmi e whakatau ana i tōna horapa ki te kiri, ā, ko te matotoru o te hopi horoi ka pā ki te nui o te wai e tukuna ana e te kaihoko mai i te pounamu.
1.2Ngā Wai Kore-Newtonian me ā rātou Wero Hanga
Ko te uauatanga o te hanga whakapaipai i ahu mai i ngā whanonga rheological kanorau o ngā wai e whai wāhi ana. Ko te mārama ki ēnei whanonga te mea nui ki te aro atu ki ngā wero whakaputa matua.
Te Pseudoplasticity (Te Whakaiti-Kutikuti):He āhuatanga tēnei e kore e pā ki te wā, arā, ka heke te matotoru o te wai i te pikinga o te tere kutikuti. He maha ngā hinu whakapaipai me ngā hinu whakahinuhinu e whakaatu ana i tēnei whanonga, he mea e hiahiatia ana mō ngā hua e hiahia ana kia matotoru i te wā okioki engari ka taea te hora, te rere rānei ina pania.
Te Tixotropy:He āhuatanga whakangāwari-kutikuti tēnei e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wā. Ko ngā wai thixotropic, pērā i ētahi tiēre me ngā whakatārewatanga colloidal, ka iti ake te matotoru ina whakaohokia, ina kutikutia rānei i roto i te wā, ā, ka roa te wā e hoki ai ki tō rātou āhua taketake, matotoru ake ina tangohia te ahotea. Ko tētahi tauira matarohia ko te peita kore-maturuturu, e angiangi ana i raro i te kutikuti o te paraihe engari ka tere te matotoru i runga i te mata poutū hei ārai i te totohu. Ko te miraka kawa me ētahi hopi horoi makawe e whakaatu ana i tēnei āhuatanga.
Ngā Wai Taumahatanga Tukunga:He rite te mahi a ēnei rauemi ki te totoka i te wā e okioki ana, ā, ka tīmata noa te rere i muri i te neke atu o te ahotea kutikuti i tētahi uara matua, e mōhiotia ana ko te pūwāhi hua, ko te ahotea hua rānei. He tauira noa te ketchup. I roto i ngā mea whakapaipai, ko ngā hua he pūwāhi hua teitei e kitea ana e ngā kaihoko he "rahi ake" me te ahua kounga teitei ake.
1.3 Te Pānga Tika ki te Whai Hua o te Tukanga
He pānga nui, he pānga kino hoki tō te whanonga kore-raina o ēnei wai, ki ngā mahi whakaputa paerewa.
1.3.1 Ngā Mahi Papu:
Ko te mahi a ngā papu tohanga, e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga, he nui te pānga o te matotoru o te wai. Ka taea te "whakaheke" i te pane me te putanga rōrahi o te papu i te wā e pupuhi ana i ngā wai matotoru teitei, ehara i te Newtonian. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko te pikinga o te ihirangi totoka i roto i te ranunga ka arahi ki te whakahekenga o te pane me te whai huatanga tae atu ki te 60% me te 25%, ia, mō ngā ranunga kukū. Kāore tēnei whakahekenga i te pumau; ka taea e te tere kutikuti teitei i roto i te papu te whakarerekē i te matotoru āhua o te wai, ka arahi ki te mahi papu kore e taea te matapae me te kore o te rere pumau. Ko te ātete teitei o ngā wai matotoru ka nui ake te kawenga radial ki runga i ngā peera me te whakaputa raruraru ki ngā hiri miihini, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te rahunga taputapu me te tiaki.
1.3.2 Te Whakaranu me te Whakaohooho:
I roto i te tāke whakaranu, ka taea e te matotoru teitei o ngā wai whakapaipai te whakapōrearea i te rere o te wai mai i te impeller whakaranu, ka kuhu te kutikuti me te mahi whakaranu ki tētahi wāhi iti e karapoti ana i te mata o te impeller. Ka hua ake tēnei i te nui o te maumau pūngao, ā, ka ārai i te puranga katoa kia eke ki te ōritetanga. Mō ngā wai whakangawari kutikuti, ka nui ake te pānga, nā te mea he iti ngā tere kutikuti o te wai e tawhiti ana i te impeller, ā, ka noho tonu ki te matotoru teitei, ka hangaia he "motu whakaranu puhoi" he "ana rūpahu" rānei kāore i te ōrite tika. Ko te mutunga he tohatoha koretake o ngā wāhanga me te hua whakamutunga kāore i te ōrite.
Ko te huarahi tuku iho o te ine ā-ringa, kore-aho, i te matotoru, kāore i te tino ranea mō te whakahaere i ēnei uauatanga. Ehara te matotoru o te wai ehara i te Newtonian i te uara kotahi engari he mahi na te tere kutikuti, ā, i ētahi wā, ko te roa o te kutikuti. Kāore ngā āhuatanga e inehia ai te tauira taiwhanga (hei tauira, i roto i te ipu i te tere me te pāmahana motuhake) e whakaata i ngā āhuatanga kutikuti hihiri i roto i te paipa, i te tāke whakaranu rānei. Nō reira, ko te ine i tangohia i te tere kutikuti me te pāmahana pumau kāore pea e pā ki te whanonga o te wai i roto i te tukanga hihiri. Ina whakawhirinaki te tīma hanga ki ngā tirotiro ā-ringa e rua hāora te roa, ehara i te mea he puhoi rawa rātou ki te tauhohe ki ngā huringa tukanga tūturu, engari kei te whakatakoto hoki i ā rātou whakatau ki tētahi uara kāore pea e whakaatu tika i te āhua o te wai i roto i te tukanga. Ko tēnei whakawhirinakitanga ki ngā raraunga tauhohe, he hapa, ka hanga he porowhita take o te whakahaere ngoikore me te rerekētanga mahi nui, e kore e taea te pakaru me te kore he huarahi hou, matatau.
Te Whakaranu me te Whakaranu i ngā Mea Whakapaipai
II. Te Kōwhiringa Pūoko me te Whakatinanatanga Taputapu i roto i ngā Taiao Kino
Hei neke atu i ngā tikanga ā-ringa, me whiriwhiri he ine matao ipurangi pakari, pono hoki e taea ai te whakarato raraunga tonu, ā-tūturu mai i roto i te tukanga.
2.1Ine Matao Ipurangi
Ngā mita tirohanga ipurangi, ahakoa kua tāutahia tika ki roto i te raina tukanga (roto-raina) i roto rānei i te porowhita karo, ka whakarato i ngā inenga matotoru wā-tūturu 24/7, ka taea ai te aroturuki me te whakahaere tonu i te tukanga. He rerekē rawa tēnei ki ngā tikanga taiwhanga tuimotu, he mea tauhohe ā-roto, ā, ka taea anake te whakarato i tētahi tirohanga poto o te āhua o te tukanga i ngā wā motuhake. Ko te kaha ki te tiki raraunga pono, tonu mai i te raina whakaputa he mea nui mō te whakatinana i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere aunoa, porowhita-kati.
2.2 Ngā Whakaritenga Matua mō te Ine Matao
Ko te kōwhiringa o te ine matotoru mō te hanga whakapaipai me ārahi i runga i ngā herenga taiao me ngā herenga whakahaere ahurei o te ahumahi.
Ngā Here Taiao me te Pumautanga:
Te Pāmahana me te Pēhanga Teitei:He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia te whakamahana i ngā hanganga whakapaipai ki tētahi pāmahana motuhake kia tika ai te whakaranu me te whakaemulsification. Me taea e te pūoko kua tīpakohia te mahi pono i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 300 °C me ngā pēhanga tae atu ki te 500 bar.
Ātete ki te Waikura:He maha ngā kai whakapaipai, tae atu ki ngā matū horoi me ngā momo tāpiringa, ka taea te waikura i roto i te wā. Me hanga ngā wāhanga mākū o te pūoko mai i ngā rauemi tino pakari, ātete ki te waikura. Ko te Kowiri tira 316L te whiringa paerewa mō tōna pakari i roto i aua taiao.
Ārai i te wiri:He haruru ā-mīhini ngā taiao hangahanga, ā, he nui ngā wiri o te taiao e puta mai ana i ngā papu, i ngā mīhini whakaohooho, me ētahi atu mīhini. Me ātete te mātāpono ine o te pūoko ki ēnei wiri kia mau ai te pono o ngā raraunga.
2.3 Tātaritanga o ngā Hangarau Viscometer mō te Whakaurunga Tukanga
Mō te whakaurunga tuihono pakari, he pai ake ētahi hangarau i ētahi atu.
Ngā Ine Matawai Wiri/HauoraKa mahi tēnei hangarau mā te ine i te pānga whakamākū o te wai ki runga i tētahi huānga wiri, pērā i te marau, i te resonator rānei, hei whakatau i te matotoru. He maha ngā painga matua o tēnei mātāpono mō ngā tono whakapaipai. Kāore he wāhanga neke o ēnei pūoko, e whakaiti ana i te hiahia mō te tiaki me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere whānui. Ko te hoahoa pai te hanga, pērā i te resonator coaxial taurite, ka whakakore kaha i ngā taipana tauhohenga, nō reira kāore e pāngia e ngā āhuatanga whakairi me ngā wiri o waho. Mā tēnei ārai ki te haruru taiao ka whakarite kia pumau, ka taea te whakahoki, ka taea te ine anō, ahakoa i roto i te rere pōrearea, i raro rānei i ngā āhuatanga kutikuti teitei. Ka taea hoki e ēnei pūoko te ine i te matotoru puta noa i tētahi whānuitanga tino whānui, mai i ngā wai matotoru tino iti ki te tino teitei, ka tino whai hua mō tētahi kohinga hua kanorau.
Ngā Hangarau Hurihuri me Ētahi Atu:Ahakoa he tino whai hua ngā mita hurihuri i roto i te taiwhanga hei whakaputa i ngā pihi rere katoa, nā te uaua me te noho mai o ngā wāhanga neke ka uaua te pupuri i roto i te tono ahumahi. Ko ētahi atu momo, pērā i te momo huānga hinga, te momo capillary rānei, ka pai pea mō ngā tono motuhake engari he maha ngā wā ka pāngia e ngā herenga i roto i te ine i ngā wai ehara i te Newtonian, ka pāngia rānei e ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana me te rere.
He rite tonu te pono o tētahi pūnaha whakahaere aunoa ki te pono o tana whakaurunga pūoko. Nō reira, ko te pumau mō te wā roa me ngā whakaritenga whakatikatika iti o te viscometer ehara i te mea he āhuatanga whai hua anake; he whakaritenga taketake hoki mō tētahi pūnaha whakahaere whai hua me te iti o te tiaki. Me titiro te utu o tētahi pūoko kaua ko te whakapaunga whakapaipai tuatahi anake engari ko te utu katoa o te mana (TCO), tae atu ki te mahi me te wā kore mahi e pā ana ki te tiaki me te whakatikatika. Ko ngā raraunga mai i ngā taputapu pēnei ingā mita tirohanga kapitie whakaatu ana mā te whakahaere tika me te horoi, ka taea e te whakatikatika te noho pumau mō te tekau tau neke atu rānei, e whakaatu ana ko te pumau mō te wā roa he āhuatanga ka taea te whakatutuki me te mea nui o ngā taputapu tukanga. Ko te pūoko e taea te pupuri i tana whakatikatika mō ngā wā roa ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kaupapa aunoatanga mā te tango i tētahi pūtake nui o te rerekētanga tukanga pea, me te whakahohe i te pūnaha ki te mahi motuhake me te iti o te wawaotanga a te tangata.
| Hangarau | Te Kaupapa Whakahaere | Te Whaihua mō ngā Wai Kore-Newtonian | Āheinga Pāmahana/Pēhanga Teitei | Ātete ki te Waikura | Ārai i te wiri | Te Tiaki/Te Whakatikatika |
| Wiri/ Whakaohooho | E ine ana i te makuku wai i runga i tētahi huānga wiri (marau, resonator). | Tino pai (he kutikuti teitei, he pānui ka taea te tārua). | Teitei (tae atu ki te 300°C, 500 pae). | Tino pai (ngā wāhanga katoa kua mākūhia ki te 316L SS). | Tino pai (hoahoa resonator taurite). | He iti (kāore he wāhanga e neke ana, he iti noa te paru). |
| Hurihuri | Ka ine i te taipana e hiahiatia ana hei huri i te miro i roto i te wai. | Tino pai (e whakarato ana i tētahi kōpiko rere katoa i roto i te tautuhinga taiwhanga). | Waenga ki te Teitei (ka rerekē i runga i te tauira). | Pai (me whai rauemi motuhake mō te miro). | Kino (tino pāngia e te wiri o waho). | Teitei (te horoi pinepine, ngā wāhanga e neke ana). |
| Pēhanga Ā-pūngao/Pēhanga Rerekētanga | Ka ine i te hekenga pēhanga puta noa i tētahi ngongo pumau i tētahi tere rere pumau. | He iti (ka puta he matotoru Newtonian toharite kotahi). | Waenga ki te Teitei (me pumau te pāmahana). | Pai (kei te rauemi o te capillary). | He āhua noa (e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rere, me pumau te rere). | Teitei (me horoi, ka ngawari ki te aukati). |
| Huānga Hinga | E ine ana i te wā e taka ai tētahi huānga mā roto i te wai. | He iti (ka puta he matotoru Newtonian toharite kotahi). | Mai i te āhua waenga ki te teitei (kei runga i ngā rauemi). | Pai (e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rauemi o te huānga). | Waenga (ngāwari ki te wiri). | He āhua noa iho (ngā wāhanga e neke ana, me whakatikatika anō). |
2.4 Te Whakanohonga Pūoko Tino Pai mō ngā Raraunga Tika
He mea nui te whakatakotoranga ā-tinana o te mita waikeri, pērā i te hangarau tonu. Mā te whakatakotoranga tika ka taea te whakaatu i te āhua o te tukanga e ngā raraunga kua kohia. Ko ngā tikanga pai rawa atu me whakanoho te pūoko ki tētahi wāhi e ōrite ana te wai, ā, e rumakina katoatia ana te wāhanga pūoko i ngā wā katoa. Me karo i ngā wāhi teitei o te paipa e kohikohi ai ngā mirumiru hau, nā te mea ka taea e te hau e uru ana te whakararuraru i ngā inenga, inā koa mōngā ine wiriWaihoki, me karo te tāutanga ki ngā "rohe taunga" ina kore te wai e neke haere tonu ana kia kore ai e pupū ake ngā rauemi ki runga i te pūoko. He rautaki pai te whakanoho i te pūoko ki roto i tētahi wāhanga o te paipa kei reira te rere e pumau ana, e ōrite ana hoki, pērā i te pūwhakaara poutū, i tētahi wāhi rānei he auau rere ōrite, kia puta ai ngā raraunga tino pono mō te pūnaha whakahaere.
III.Whakaurunga PLC/DCS Koreutu mā te RS485
Te angitu o te whakatinanatanga o tētahiine ā-ipurangie whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna whakaurunga maeneene ki roto i te hanganga whakahaere tipu o nāianei. Ko te whiriwhiri i te kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te paparanga ā-tinana he whakatau rautaki e whakataurite ana i te pono, te utu, me te hototahi ki ngā pūnaha tawhito.
3.1 Tirohanga Whānui mō te Hanganga Pūnaha
Ko te hoahoa whakahaere ahumahi paerewa mō tēnei tono he hononga rangatira-pononga. Ko te PLC matua, ko te DCS rānei o te tipu hei "rangatira," e tīmata ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te ine matao, e mahi ana hei taputapu "pononga". Ka noho "mutunga kore" te taputapu pononga kia pātaihia rā anō e te rangatira, ā, i taua wā ka whakautu mai me ngā raraunga e tonoa ana. Mā tēnei tauira whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kotahi-ki-maha ka ārai i ngā tukinga raraunga, ā, ka māmā ake te whakahaere whatunga.
3.2 Te Atanga Whakawhitiwhiti RS485
He paerewa pakari te atanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero RS485, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahi mō te aunoatanga ahumahi, inā koa mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tawhiti, maha-ira.
Ngā Painga Hangarau:
Tawhiti-roa me te Maha-takaKa tautoko te RS485 i te tuku raraunga tae atu ki te 2000 mita te tawhiti, he mea tino pai mō ngā whare ahumahi whānui. Ka taea e te pahi kotahi te hono atu ki te 30 ngā taputapu, he maha ka taea te whakawhānui ake ki te 24/7 mā te whakamahi i ngā pūrua, ka whakaiti nui i te utu me te uaua o te hanganga taura.
Ārai i te Haruru:Ka whakamahia e te RS485 tētahi huarahi tohu taurite, rerekē hoki i runga i tētahi taura takirua-whiri. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei hoahoa he ātete tino pai ki te pokanoa hikohiko (EMI) me ētahi atu haruru hiko, he raruraru noa tēnei i roto i te taiao tipu me ngā motuka me ngā puku nui.
3.3 Te hono i te āputa PLC/DCS
Ehara te RS485 i te mea he mea hangarau noa iho; he whakatau pakihi rautaki e whakaiti ana i te arai ki te whakaurunga mō te aunoatanga tukanga. Nā tōna kaha ki te toro atu i ngā tawhiti roa me te ātete i te haruru, he mea tino pai mō ngā taiao ahumahi e nui ake ai te hiranga o ēnei āhuatanga i te tere o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mata.
IV. Te Whakaputanga Ariā o te Mana Urutau e Hangai ana ki te Tauira
Mā tēnei wāhanga ka whakaratohia te turanga hinengaro pakari mō tētahi rautaki whakahaere e taea ai te whakahaere i ngā whanaketanga matatini, kore-raina o ngā wai whakapaipai.
4.1 Te Hiahia mō te Whakahaere Matatau
Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere PID tuku iho e hangai ana ki ngā tauira raina o tētahi tukanga, ā, kāore i te rite ki te whakahaere i ngā whanonga kore-raina, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wā, me ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā wai kore-Newtonian. He tauhohe te kaiwhakahaere PID; ka tatari kia puta he rerekētanga mai i te pūwāhi tautuhinga i mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi whakatikatika. Mō tētahi tukanga he roa te urupare, pērā i te tāke whakaranu nui, i te whakamātotoru rānei, ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te whakatikatika hapa puhoi, ngā wiri, te nui rawa rānei o te matotoru ūnga. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā raruraru o waho, pērā i te piki me te heke o te pāmahana, ngā rerekētanga rānei o te hanganga rauemi mata e tae mai ana, me whakahou ā-ringa tonu te kaiwhakahaere PID, ka arahi ki te kore pumau o te tukanga me te kore whai hua.
4.2 Te Whakatauira Rheological mō te Mana Whakahaere
Ko te tūāpapa o tētahi rautaki whakahaere angitu mō ngā wai ehara i te Newtonian he tauira pāngarau tika, matapae hoki mō ō rātou whanonga.
4.2.1 Te Whakatauira Tūturu (Ngā Mātāpono Tuatahi):
Ko te tauira Herschel-Bulkley he whārite hanganga kaha e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i te whanonga rheological o ngā wai e whakaatu ana i te ahotea hua me ngā āhuatanga angiangi-kutikuti, matotoru-kutikuti rānei. E hono ana te tauira i te ahotea kutikuti (τ) ki te tere kutikuti (γ˙) mā te whakamahi i ngā tawhā matua e toru:
τ=τγ+K(γ˙)n
τγ (Aumahatanga Hua): Ko te ahotea kutikuti iti rawa me hipa kia tīmata ai te rere o te wai.
K (Taupū Pūmau): He tawhā e rite ana ki te matotoru, e tohu ana i te ātete o te wai ki te rere.
n (Taupū Whanoke Rere): He tawhā nui e tautuhi ana i te whanonga o te wai: n<1 mō te whakangawari-kutikuti (pseudoplastic), n>1 mō te whakamātotoru-kutikuti (dilatant), me te n=1 mō te kirihou Bingham.
Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tauira he anga pāngarau mō tētahi kaiwhakahaere hei matapae me pēhea te hurihanga o te matotoru āhua o tētahi wai i raro i ngā reiti kutikuti rerekē i roto i te tukanga, mai i te rohe whakaranu kutikuti-iti ki te taiao kutikuti-teitei o te papu.
4.2.2 Te Whakatauira Raraunga-Aroturuki:
Haunga ngā tauira mātāpono-tuatahi, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga hei hanga i tētahi tauira tukanga e ako ana mai i ngā raraunga wā-tūturu e whakaratohia ana e te ine matao ipurangi. He tino whai hua tēnei mō ngā whakatakotoranga uaua ina uaua te whakaputa i tētahi tauira mātāpono-tuatahi tika. Ka taea e te tauira e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga te whakarerekē me te arotau i ngā tawhā pūoko i te wā-tūturu hei whakaaro mō ngā āhuatanga o waho pēnei i ngā huringa o te hanganga hinu, i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana rānei. Kua whakaatuhia tēnei huarahi hei whakahaere angitu i te hapa tino toharite o ngā inenga matao i roto i tētahi whānuitanga whaiti, e whakaatu ana i te mahi me te pono tino pai.
4.3 Te Whakaputa i te Ture Whakahaere Urutau
Ko te uho o tētahi pūnaha whakahaere urutau e hangai ana ki te tauira ko tōna kaha ki te ako tonu me te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga tukanga e huri haere ana. Kāore te kaiwhakahaere e whakawhirinaki ki ngā tawhā pumau engari ka whakahou i tana tauira ā-roto o te tukanga.
Te Mātāpono Matua:Ka arotake tonu, ka whakahou rānei te kaiwhakahaere urutau i ngā tawhā o tana tauira ā-roto i te wā tūturu i runga i ngā raraunga pūoko e tae mai ana. Mā tēnei ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te "ako" me te whakatika i ngā rerekētanga o te tukanga i puta mai i ngā huringa rauemi mata, te pakaru o ngā taputapu, ngā panonitanga taiao rānei.
Te Hanga Ture Whakahaere:
Te Whakatau Tatau Tawhā Tauira: Ka whakamahia e te whakatau tatau, e ahu mai ana i te raupaparorohiko iti rawa (RLS) me te tauwehe wareware urutau, ngā raraunga pūoko wā-tūturu (matotoru, pāmahana, tere kutikuti) hei whakatikatika tonu i ngā tawhā tauira, pērā i ngā uara K me te n o te tauira Herschel-Bulkley. Koinei te wāhanga "urutau".
Pūmanawa Whakahaere Matapae:Kātahi ka whakamahia te tauira tukanga kua whakahoutia hei matapae i te whanonga o te wai ā muri ake nei. He rautaki tino pai te Model Predictive Control (MPC) mō tēnei tono. Ka taea e te MPC te whakahaere i ngā taurangi maha kua whakarerekētia (hei tauira, te tere tāpiri matotoru me te tere papu) i te wā kotahi hei whakahaere i ngā taurangi putanga maha (hei tauira, te matotoru me te pāmahana). Mā te āhua matapae o te MPC ka taea e ia te tatau i ngā whakatikatika tika e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i te tukanga kia tika, ahakoa he roa te wā e whakaroa ana, kia mau tonu ai te wai i roto i tōna "matapihi" rheological pai i ngā wā katoa.
Ko te whakawhiti mai i te whakahaere urupare māmā ki te whakahaere urutau e hangai ana ki te tauira he nekehanga matua mai i te whakahaere tukanga tauhohe ki te whakahaere tukanga matatau. He tauhohe tonu te kaiwhakahaere PID tuku iho, e tatari ana kia puta he hapa i mua i te mahi. Mō tētahi tukanga he roa te wā e whakaroa ana, he maha ngā wā ka roa rawa tēnei tauhohenga, ka arahi ki ngā pikinga me ngā wiri. Mā te ako tonu i te tauira tukanga, ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere urutau te matapae me pēhea te pānga o te huringa o runga - pērā i te rerekētanga o te hanganga o te rauemi mata - ki te matotoru o te hua whakamutunga i mua i te nui o te rerekētanga. Mā tēnei ka taea e te pūnaha te mahi i ngā whakatikatika matatau, tatau, me te whakarite kia noho tonu te hua ki ngā whakaritenga me te whakaiti i te para me te rerekētanga. Koinei te kaiārahi matua mō te whakahekenga nui o te rerekētanga puranga me te para rauemi kua tuhia ki ngā whakatinanatanga angitu.
V. Te Whakatinanatanga Whaihua, te Whakamana, me ngā Rautaki Whakahaere
Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga o tētahi kaupapa ko te whakatinanatanga angitu me te whakahaere roa o te pūnaha whakauru. Me whai whakamahere tino tika tēnei me te piri ki ngā tikanga whakahaere pai rawa atu.
5.1 Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Whakatakotoranga
He mahi uaua te whakaurunga o te ine mata ipurangi me te whakahaere urutau, ā, me tuku ki ngā kaiwhakauru pūnaha mātau. He mea nui te hoahoa o mua kua tautuhia pai, nā te mea tae atu ki te 80% o ngā take kaupapa ka taea te whai i tēnei wāhanga. Ina whakahou ana i ngā pūnaha whakahaere tawhito, ka taea e te kaiwhakauru whai tohu te whakarato i te tohungatanga e tika ana hei whakakī i ngā āputa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakarite kia pai te hekenga. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te whakanoho tika o te pūoko. Me tāuta te ine mata ki tētahi wāhi kāore he mirumiru hau, he rohe tū, me ngā matūriki nui ka taea te whakararuraru i ngā inenga.
5.2 Te Whakamana Raraunga me te Whakataurite
Kia pono ai tētahi pūnaha whakahaere, me whakamana me te whakataurite i ngā raraunga e whakawhirinakihia ana. Ka ngāwari ngā pūoko ahumahi i roto i ngā taiao uaua ki te haruru, te nekeneke, me ngā hapa. He pakarukaru te porowhita whakahaere e whakawhirinaki matapo ana ki ngā raraunga pūoko mata, ā, he ngāwari ki te mahi hapa utu nui.
Whakamana Raraunga:Ko tēnei tukanga e uru ana ki te tukatuka i ngā raraunga pūoko mata kia mōhio ai kei roto ngā uara i te awhe e tumanakohia ana. Ko ngā tikanga māmā ko te tātari i ngā mea o waho me te tango i te toharite o ētahi inenga i roto i tētahi wā kua tautuhia hei whakaiti i te haruru.
Te Kimi Hapa Katoa:Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau tatauranga, pērā i te whakamātautau chi-square, hei kite i ngā hapa nui, i ngā rahunga rānei o te pūoko mā te whakatairite i te uara o te mahi whāinga ki tētahi uara nui.
Te Whakataurite Raraunga:He tikanga matatau ake tēnei e whakamahi ana i ngā raraunga pūoko me ngā tauira tukanga koretake (hei tauira, te tiaki papatipu) hei whakaputa i tētahi huinga raraunga kotahi, kua whakamanahia ā-tatauranga. Ka whakanui ake tēnei tukanga i te whakapono ki te pūnaha, ā, ka whakarato i tētahi paparanga aro-ake ki ngā hapa iti me ngā rahunga o te pūoko.
Ehara te whakatinanatanga o tētahi paparanga whakamana raraunga i te āhuatanga whiriwhiri; he wāhanga hinengaro nui e tika ana hei whakapakari, hei whakawhirinaki hoki i te pūnaha whakahaere katoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te ao tūturu. Ka hurihia e tēnei paparanga te pūnaha mai i tētahi taputapu aunoatanga māmā hei hinonga tino atamai, aroturuki-whaiaro e taea ai te pupuri i te kounga o te hua me te kore he tirotiro tonu a te tangata.
5.3 Te Tiaki me te Whakapūmautanga mō te Wā Roa
Ko te angitu mō te wā roa o tētahi pūnaha ine matao ipurangi e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi rautaki tiaki kua tautuhia pai.
Te Tiaki i te Pūoko: Mā te whakamahi i ngā hoahoa ine-matao pakari, kāore he wāhanga neke, ā, he rauemi ātete-waikura hoki, pērā i te 316L Kowiri tira, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā wero o te poke me te whakahaere i ngā mahi tiaki.
Te Whakatikatika me te Whakamana i te Pūnaha:He mea nui te whakatikatika auau kia tika ai te ine ine mō te wā roa. Mō ngā tono tino tika, me mahi te whakatikatika me ngā paerewa matotoru kua whakamanahia i runga i te wā kua whakaritea, engari ka taea te whakaiti i te auau mō ngā tono iti ake te tino take. E ai ki ngā rangahau pumau mō te wā roa, ka taea e ētahi momo ine ine, pērā i ngā ine ine karāhe, i ngā ine wiri rānei, te pupuri i tā rātou whakatikatika mō ngā tau, ka tino whakaiti i te auau o ngā mahi whakatikatika utu nui.
AKa taea e te otinga whai hua te whakaputa i ngā painga tūturu: he whakaiti nui i te rerekētanga o ngā puranga me te para rauemi, me te ara ki te hanga motuhake, atamai hoki.Tūrt your optimaizationby tinihangatākit Rānananmeter.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-09-2025
