He pou nui te aroturuki i te kukū o te rere o raro i roto i ngā mahi whakamātotoru o te maina mata-konutea, e tiaki tika ana i te haumaru tukatuka kohuke, te pumau o te tukanga, te whai huatanga o te utu, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao. Hei kaupapa matua mō ngā raraunga totoka rere o raro i te wā tūturu, ka mahi hei rārangi tuatahi o te parepare ki te here/hopu o te rake mā te kite i te nui rawa o ngā totoka e kohia ana (he take matua o ngā ngaru taipana rake me te rahunga o ngā taputapu). Mō te whakahaere tukanga, ka taea te whakahaere tika i te whakamaroke - te aukati i te paru waimeha rawa (te tātari taumaha rawa) te paru kukū rānei (te aukati i ngā paipa) - me te ārahi i te arotautanga o te flocculant hei karo i te para o te reagent me te mārama kore o te waipuke.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Mahi Whakamātotoru Ahumahi i roto i ngā Maina Mata me te Konutea Polymetallic
He mea nui ngā whakamātotoru ahumahi ki te tukatuka kohuke i roto i ngā maina mata me te konutea maha-whakarewa, e āhei ai te wehenga totoka-wai, te whakaora wai, me te whakahaere pai i te kukū o te rere ki raro. Ka pā tika tā rātou mahi ki te pumau o te tukanga, te whakahaere paru, me ngā hua taiao.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakatakotoranga i roto i ngā Taiao Tukatuka Kohuke
Ko te mahi whakamātotoru e ahu mai ana i te ahupūngao o te whakapūtātanga, ina wehea ngā matūriki totoka e iri ana i roto i te paru e te kaha ā-papa. Ka uru te paru whāngai ki te whakamātotoru ka marara puta noa i te oko. I raro i te kaha ā-papa, ka tīmata ngā matūriki ki te tau, ka hanga i ngā rohe matua e toru:
- He rohe wai mārama kei te tihi (taikaha).
- He rohe "ārai" kei waenganui, te wāhi e taunekeneke ai ngā kukū matūriki, ā, ka heke te tere o te whakataunga.
- He paparanga o raro o te paru kua kōpeketia, te "moenga paru" rānei, te wāhi e kohikohi ai ngā totoka.
Ko ngā tere o te whakapūpū e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kaha ā-papa e pā ana ki ngā matūriki, e āraihia ana e te tōia mai i te wai. I te pikinga ake o te kukū totoka, ka āraihia e ngā matūriki te nekehanga o tētahi ki tētahi, ka whakaroa i te taunga (te taunga ārai). Ko te flocculation—i puta mai i ngā flocculants polyelectrolyte—ka whakakotahi i ngā matūriki angiangi ki ngā flocs nui ake, ka whakanui ake i tō rātou tere taunga whai hua. Ko te whai huatanga o te whakapūpū ka pāngia e te mineralogy, te rahi o te matūriki, te matū wai, me te aueue i roto i te whakamātotoru.
He mea nui ngā tataunga tika mō te horopeta o te wai whakapūkara me te arotautanga mō te whai huatanga o te mahi whakamātotoru. Mā te nui rawa, te iti rawa rānei o te horopeta ka whakaiti i te māramatanga, te iti rānei o te rere o te wai, ā, ka whai wāhi pea ki ngā aituā pēnei i te herenga rake, te taumaha rawa rānei. Ko ngā arotakenga tukanga matatau me te arotautanga o ngā ara iahiko whakamātotoru kohuke e whakawhirinaki ana ki te aroturuki tonu i ēnei tawhā ā-tinana me te matū.
Ngā Whakamātotoru i roto i te Tukatuka Kohuke
*
He Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Momo Whakamātotoru Ahumahi me ā Rātou Mahi
E toru ngā hoahoa whakamātotoru matua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare tukatuka maina mata-konutea hou:
Ngā whakamātotoru porowhita paerewaWhakamahia he tāke nui, he tikanga whakamātotoru hurihuri, me ngā waruwaru puhoi hei whakakotahi me te kohikohi i ngā totoka kua tau. He pakari tēnei hoahoa engari he iti ake ngā kawenga totoka e taea ai te whakahaere.
Ngā whakamātotoru tere teiteikua hangaia hei whakanui ake i te rere o te totoka me ngā tāke taha pari, ngā hoahoa puna whāngai kua arotauhia, me ngā huihuinga whakamātotoru rake whai hua. He mea noa ēnei waeine i roto i ngā tukanga whakapai ake i te konutea mata nā te pikinga o te rerekētanga o te whāngai me te hiahia kia tere te whakaora wai.
Ngā whakamātotoru whakapirika tukuna he kukū totoka teitei ake, ā, ka puta he rerenga wai matotoru, kāore e tau mō te whakakorenga paru e pai ana mō te taiao. Ka āwhina tēnei i ngā maina ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai me te tapuwae o ngā tāpae paru.
He mahi motuhake tā ia momo whakamātotoru i te ara iahiko:
- Ngā whakamātotoru kukūte whakaora i te hua kohuke whai hua mai i ngā ara iahiko pōrewarewa.
- Ngā whakamātotoru o ngā hikuwhakahokia mai te wai mai i ngā awa para tukatuka i mua i te whakatakotoranga o ngā para.
- Ngā whakamātotoru whakapirite whakaputa i ngā para kiato nui mō te rokiroki haumaru ake, iti ake hoki.
Ko te rerekētanga o te whāngai, ngā āhuatanga o te konganuku, me ngā ōritetanga o te rere o raro e akiaki ana i te kōwhiringa me te whakaurunga o ēnei momo whakamātotoru. Mā ngā hoahoa whakarerekētanga me te kaha ki te tauine ka taea te whakawhānui i te tipu me te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga i te mea ka huri ngā tinana konganuku me ngā tono whakaputa.
Ngā Wero Motuhake ki ngā Mahi Polymetallic
He uaua ngā arai e pā ana ki ngā maina mata-konutea maha-whakarewa i roto i te mahi whakamātotoru, tae atu ki:
Ngā reiti whāngai rerekē me te koretake o ngā kohuke:Mā te keri i ngā momo konganuku maha ka puta he rerekētanga nui i roto i te hanganga penupenu, te ihirangi totoka, me te rheology. Ka uaua ake te whakahaere i te rere o raro me te arotau i te horopeta flocculant i roto i te keri, me whai mana whakahaere tukanga urutau.
Te nui o te utaina o ngā totoka:Ka akiakihia e ngā maina hou te whakaputanga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka taea e ngā ara iahiko whakamātotoru te whakahaere i te neke atu i te 100,000 tāne/rā o te paru. He uaua te pupuri i te whakahaere i te kiato o te rerenga o raro o te whakamātotoru me te aroturuki i te kukū o ngā totoka i aua tauine engari he mea nui kia āraihia ai ngā āhuatanga kino o te tukanga pērā i te aituā herenga rake, te hopunga rake rānei.
Te matatini o ngā kohuke:Kei roto pea i ngā konganuku mata-konutea te galena, te sphalerite, te pyrite, me ngā konganuku gangue, he rerekē ngā whanonga taunga me te pupuhi o ia konganuku. Me whakarite tēnei i ngā kaupapa pupuhi me temita mātotorute whakatikatika mō te umanga keri.
Ki te kore e aro atu ki ēnei āhuatanga, ka hua ake he papa paru kore pumau, he iti te mārama o te waipuke, he nui te whakamahinga matū, he ngoikore rānei o ngā mahi miihini. Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te taumaha rawa o te rake whakamātotoru, te here rānei mēnā ka piri ohorere ngā totoka, ka nui ake te hiahia mō ngā hangarau ine kiato ā-roto matatau me ngā hangarau mita kiato ahumahi (hei tauira, Lonnmeter) hei ārahi i ngā whakatikatika tukanga wā-tūturu me te tautoko i ngā pūnaha aunoatanga whakamātotoru.
Mā te whakauru i ngā arotakenga tukanga kohuke whānui me ngā tikanga arotau, ka whakapai ake i te whakahaere matotoru o te kukū rerenga raro me te whai huatanga o te whakahaere, e tautoko ana i ngā whāinga whakaora kohuke me te whakahaere taiao i roto i ngā mahi whakarewa maha.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua me ngā Āhuatanga Hoahoa o ngā Whakamātotoru
Ngā Pūnaha Rake Whakamātotoru
He mea nui te mahi a ngā pūnaha rake whakamātotoru i roto i ngā mahi whakamātotoru ahumahi mō ngā maina mata me te konutea polymetallic. Kua hangaia ngā rake hei neke tonu me te whakakotahi i ngā totoka kua tau ki te putanga waenga. Ka āwhina tēnei kawe i te whakahaere i te kukū o te rere o raro o te hinu whakamātotoru, ā, ka āwhina ki te ārai i te hanganga papa kore taurite, ka raru pea te whai huatanga o te mahi.
Ko te tikanga he hurihuri i ngā ringa rake me ngā mata, ngā parau rānei. Ka heke mārire ēnei ringa, ka waru i te paru kua tau ki te putanga o raro. Ka whakamahia e ngā hoahoa whakamaroke rake hou ngā rauemi pakari hei ārai i te pakū me te waikura mai i ngā paru mata-konutea. Mā te whakatauira rorohiko, pērā i te CFD (computational fluid dynamics) me te FEA (finite element analysis), ka arotau i te āhua, te koki mata, te mokowā ringa, me te rahi o te puku mō te iti o te taipana me te pai o te mahi. Mō ngā whakamaroke kiato teitei, mā ngā kōtaha tāke teitei ake me ngā rake whakapakari ka taea te whakahaere i ngā totoka teitei ake me te kore e whakaiti i te pono o te miihini.
Ko ngā mahi pai rawa atu e aro nui ana ki te utaina pumau o ngā totoka, te aroturuki tonu i te taipana, me te whakamahinga o ngā huihuinga taraiwa taputapu. Ka kohia e ngā mita taipana me ngā whakawhiti kaha ngā raraunga wā-tūturu, ka taea ai ngā whakarerekētanga mahi urupare. Ka whakarerekē aunoa ngā pūnaha whakahaere i te teitei, te tere rānei o te rake hei whakautu ki ngā ngaru taipana, e puta pinepine ana i te tohatoha paru kore taurite, i te kohikohinga ohorere rānei o ngā rauemi. E whakaatu ana ngā tauira o te mara ko te aroturuki taipana auau me ngā tautuhinga taumaha kua whakaritea ka whakaiti i ngā hiahia tiaki me te whakatairanga i te whai huatanga whakahaere matotoru tonu.
Ko te tiaki i te taumaha rawa o te rake e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā taputapu ine kaha whakauru (ngā whakawhiti taipana, ngā pūtau kawenga) i roto i te puku. Ina tae ki ngā rohe taipana kua whakaritea - he tohu pea kei te herea te rake - ka taea e te pūnaha te hiki aunoa i te rake, te whakamutu rānei i te puku hei ārai i te kino miihini me te hopu rake. Ko ēnei pareparenga, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere tohatoha, ka whakarato i te whakahaere mamao me ngā āheinga wawaotanga tere, he mea nui hei ārai i ngā aituā herea rake.
Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-mīhini e ārahi ana ki te herenga o te rake ko te nui rawa o te kohikohinga o ngā totoka, te taraiwa, te pakaru rānei o te mīhini nā te waikura, te kore rānei o te hinu whakahinuhinu, me te koretake o te tiaki i te taumaha. Ko ngā rautaki ārai e aro ana ki te hoahoa pakari, tae atu ki ngā taraiwa nui rawa, ngā rauemi ārai-pahū, me ngā tirotiro ā-mīhini i ia wā. Ko te tiaki me te whakatikatika i ia wā—pēnei i te whakakapinga mata me ngā wā whakahinuhinu—koia tonu ngā mahi haumaru mō te whakamātotoru. He maha ngā arotake o te ao tūturu e taunaki ana i te whakahaere urupare mā roto i ngā taraiwa tere rerekē me te tātari i te ia o te taipana matatau mō te pono mō te wā roa.
Ngā Pūnaha Whakamahinga Flocculant
Ko ngā tātaitanga horopeta o te flocculant mō te mahi whakamātotoru i roto i te paru mata-konutea ka whakaritea ki ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te paru: te rahi o te matūriki, te mineralogi, te pH, me te kaha ionic. Ko te tikanga paerewa ko te whakamātautau ipu tauine-paepae, ka tīpakohia ngā momo polymer me ngā kukū mā te wheako hei whakatutuki i te kukū totoka rere raro e hiahiatia ana me te māramatanga o te waipuke. I roto i te horopaki arotau o te tipu tukatuka kohuke, ko te horopeta ka inehia i roto i te karamu o te polymer hohe mō ia tana o ngā totoka maroke.
Ka pā tika te pānga o te inenga o te flocculant ki te tere o te taunga me te kukū whakamutunga o te rere ki raro. Mā te inenga tika ka tere te kohikohi o ngā matūriki (te hanganga floc), ka tere ake te taunga o ngā totoka me te wehenga kounga teitei ake. Mā te inenga nui ka piki ake te whakamahinga o ngā matū me ngā utu whakahaere; ki te kore e ranea te inenga ka hua ake te wehenga ngoikore o ngā totoka, te iti o te kiato o te rere ki raro, me ngā āhuatanga taumaha pea i roto i te whakamātotoru.
Ko ngā hangarau e āhei ai te tuku tika ko ngā papu inenga matū ka taea te whakarite, ngā pūnaha whāngai-papatipu, me ngā kawa whakahaere aunoa.Te ine i te mātotoru ā-rotome ngā urupare wā-tūturu me ngā otinga mita mātotoru ahumahi—pērā i a Lonnmeter—ka taea te whakarerekē tonu me te arotau i te horopeta polyelectrolyte. Ka tautokohia e ēnei pūnaha te whakamahinga whai hua o te matū me te aroturuki i te kukū o ngā matū matotoru wā-tūturu. He maha ngā arotakenga taipitopito e taunaki ana i te whakatikatika mita mātotoru mō ngā tono ahumahi keri hei whakaiti i te hapa me te whakarite i te whakahaere tukanga pakari.
Ko ngā mahi pai rawa atu i roto i te whakahaere matū ko te whakatikatika auau i ngā taputapu inenga, te whakamana auau i ngā mita matotoru, me te whakauru ki ngā pūnaha aunoatanga whakamaroke. Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga matū me te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te taunga me te whakahaere i te matotoru o raro, ka whai wāhi ki te mahi whakamaroke whānui me te haumaru i roto i ngā taiao tukanga whakapai ake i te konutea mata.
Ngā Rautaki Whakahaere me te Aroturuki Matatau mō te Kukū Rere o raro
Te Ine me te Whakamahinga Taputapu o te Kiato ā-Rārangi
Te whiriwhiri i te tikamita mātotoru ahumahiHe mea nui tēnei mō te aro turuki tika, tonu hoki i te kukū o te matū whakamātotoru i roto i ngā maina mata me te konutea polymetallic. Ko ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā mita matotoru huānga wiri me ngā mita matotoru ultrasonic e tuku ana i ngā huarahi kore-karihi, e aro ana ki ngā whakaritenga ture me te haumaru kua piki ake i roto i ngā mahi tukatuka kohuke. Ka ine ēnei taputapu i te matotoru paru wā-tūturu me te kore he mōrearea me te utu whakahaere o ngā ine i runga i te hihi, he painga nui tēnei mō te whai huatanga o te mahi matotoru me te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru. Hei tauira, kua whakamātauhia ngā hoahoa SDM ECO me ngā huānga wiri mō te ine i ngā paru mata-konutea whakakoi, matotoru-teitei; kei roto i a rātou ngā pūoko ātete-koi, ngā hikohiko pakari, me te hototahi ki ngā āhuatanga penupenu tino waikura.
Me āta whakaaroaro te wāhi ine mō te whakaurunga mita. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakatakotoria ki te rārangi rerenga wai whakamātotoru e tata ana ki te putanga wai, te wāhi e tino ōrite ana te nui o ngā totoka, ā, e whakaata ana i te whai huatanga o te mahi. Me whakarite hoki te whakatakotoranga kia iti rawa te raruraru waipēhi me te wātea mō te tiaki, kia rite ki ngā tikanga pai mō te tiaki i te whakamātotoru.
He wero matua te whakatikatika i roto i ngā tono maina mata-konutea nā te mea he maha ngā piki me ngā heke o te rahi o ngā matūriki. Me whakatikatika ā-wā mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira tohutoro me ngā whakatikatika pūmanawa, inā koa i te wā e whakahaere ana i ngā awa uaua o te tukanga whakapai ake i te konutea mata. Tērā pea ka noho te whakatikatika wheketere hei tūāpapa, engari mā te whakatikatika anō i te wāhi e whakapai ake te tika mō te whakahaere i te kiato o raro o te matūriki. Ko te nekeneke o ngā taputapu, nā te paninga o te pūoko, te kakahu, te whakarerekētanga rānei o te matū paru, e mea nui ai te whakamana ā-ringa auau.
Ko ngā momo rahunga ahurei ki te taiao keri ko te pakū o te pūoko, te tauine, te pakaru hiko, me te kohikohi rauemi tukatuka i runga i ngā mata o te pūoko. Ko ngā tukanga whakatika ko te tiaki kua whakaritea, tae atu ki te horoi miihini, te whakatikatika anō, me te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga pūoko kua pakaru. Ko ngā tikanga urupare tere—pērā i te tohu hapa aunoa, te tātaritanga ā-tūnga, me te taurite mā roto i ngā whakaritenga pūoko-rua—ka āwhina i te whakarite kia aroturukihia te kukū totoka pono me te whakaora tere i muri i ngā hapa. Ka whakarei ake ngā pūoko whakatauira kāhua SmartDiver i te taurite mā te tuku manatoko motuhake, wā-tūturu o te kiato me ngā taumata paru.
Ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Whakamātotoru Aunoa
Ka whakauruhia e ngā pūnaha whakahaere whakamaroke aunoa ngā raraunga maha-taurangi—ngā āhuatanga whāngai, te kiato rere raro, me te taipana taraiwa mai i te tikanga rake whakamaroke—hei whakahaere tika i ngā totoka me te wehenga wai. Mā te whakauru i ngā urupare mai i te ine kiato ā-roto, te pēhanga, me ngā pūoko taipana rake, ka whakamahia e ēnei pūnaha ngā rautaki whakahaere maha-taurangi hei arotau i ētahi tawhā tukanga i te wā kotahi. Ka whakarerekētia e te mana matapae tauira (MPC) me ngā kaiwhakahaere arorau pōuri ngā tautuhinga whakahaere kia pumau ai te kukū rere raro—ahakoa ka neke haere ngā āhuatanga whāngai, ngā whakaritenga horopeta flocculant rānei nā te hurihanga o ngā ranunga konganuku.
Ko ngā rautaki whakahaere matua e arotahi ana ki te whakahaere taumata taonga—te whakanui ake i te utaina o ngā totoka whakamātotoru me te ārai i te taumaha rawa o te rake, te here rānei. Ka whakamahia te urupare taipana rake hei tiaki i te taumaha rawa o te rake me te ārai kaha i te hopukanga, te here rānei o te rake, he mea nui mō te pupuri i te haumaru o ngā taputapu me te pumau o te tukanga. Nō reira, ko te whakahaere whakamātotoru i te kukū o te rere o raro e hono tika ana ki te whanonga aroturukitia o te hoahoa rake whakamātotoru me te urupare taipana. Ko ngā kawa kimi wā-tūturu me ngā kawa whakaoho aunoa ka tīmata i ngā mahi whakatikatika tere—te whakanui ake i te tere o te papu rere o raro, te whakarerekē i te horopeta flocculant, te whakarerekē rānei i te tūranga hiki rake hei karo i ngā huihuinga nui.
Ko te arotau i te nui o ngā totoka e puea ake ana tētahi atu whāinga whakahaere aunoa. Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha matatau te urupare tonu hei whakarite i te arotau inenga polyelectrolyte i roto i te keri, te tuku wai whakahoki kounga teitei ake, me te whakaiti i ngā utu tukurua wai tukanga. Ka pupuri te whakahaere e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga i te mahi puta noa i ngā huringa tukanga, e tautoko ana i ngā arotakenga tukanga kohuke me ngā mahi arotau.
He mea nui te whakaurunga raraunga wā-tūturu mō te whakahaere matapae i ngā matū whakapakeke. Ka hopukina e ngā tūāpapa aunoa ngā raraunga pūoko me te iti o te whakaroa, ka whāngaihia ki ngā mahi whakahaere ka taea te matapae mō te wā poto me te urupare tere ki ngā huihuinga rerekē. Hei tauira, ko ngā tātari matapae e whakamahi ana i te taumata atanga kua tau, te kukū o raro, me te pēhanga paru ka tautoko i te kitenga wawe o ngā huihuinga whakapakeke, ā, ka taea te wawaotanga aunoa, kua arotahihia i mua i te takahi i ngā rohe tukanga. Mā te whakaurunga o te whakatikatika mita matotoru mō te umanga keri me te takiuru huihuinga e whakahaerehia ana e te pūoko ka taea te whakapai tonu i ngā pūnaha aunoatanga matū whakapakeke puta noa i te tipu, ka whakanui ake i ngā mahi haumaru matū whakapakeke me ngā putanga whakahaere i roto i ngā tipu tukatuka kohuke uaua.
Mā ēnei rautaki matatau ka whakatūria he pūnaha pakari hei arotau i te putanga mahi, hei whakapai ake i te pai o te whakamaroke wai, me te aukati i ngā aituā kino pērā i te herea rake i roto i ngā mahi whakamātotoru ahumahi puta noa i ngā horopaki mata-konutea maha-whakarewa.
Whakamātotoru -- te wāhi e whakamahia nuitia ai ngā flocculants
*
Te Herenga Rake, te Hopu, me te Ārai i te Taumahatanga
Ngā Tikanga e Whakararu ai i te Herenga Rake me te Taumahatanga
I roto i ngā maina mata me te konutea maha-whakarewa, ka whakawhirinaki ngā kaiwhakamātotoru ahumahi ki ngā tikanga rake hei wehewehe me te tango i ngā paru. Ka puta te here rake ina pāngia ngā ringa rake e te ātete nui rawa atu—ko te nuinga o te wā nā te kohikohinga rauemi i runga i te moenga whakamātotoru, i te taha rānei o te rohe tuku. Ko te taumaha rawa o te rake e pā ana ki ngā kaha e nui ake ana i ngā rohe hoahoa, ka tūpono ka pakaru te wāhanga.
Ko te kohikohinga rauemi—e akiakihia ana e ngā pikinga ohorere o te whāngai totoka, te korenga o te whakahaere kukū rere o raro, te kore rānei o ngā tataunga horopeta flocculant—ka tino whakanui ake i te tōia waipēhi me te ahotea ā-mīhini i runga i ngā ringa me ngā puku rake. E whakaū ana ngā tauira Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) me te Finite Element Analysis (FEA) he mea nui katoa te rheology paru, te āhuahanga matotoru, ngā tere whāngai, me ngā tere rake: ka tere ake te mōrearea o te aukati i ngā huringa ohorere. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā thickeners kōne hohonu e whakahaere ana i te painga o te konutea mata, kua whakaatuhia ko te whāngai totoka kāore i tino pai te arotau me te nui rawa o te flocculant ka whakaoho i ngā aituā here me ngā aituā taumaha. Ko ngā raraunga mara mai i ngā mahi Hainamana o te konutea mata-konutea e whakamana ana i ēnei mōrearea, ā, e whakaatu ana i ngā painga o te hoahoa rake matotoru kua whakapaitia me ngā tautuhinga whakahaere.
Ngā Tohu Whakatūpato Moata me ngā Otinga Aroturuki Wā-tūturu
Ko ngā tohu whakatūpato wawe mō ngā pikinga o te taipana rake ko te pikinga tere o te taipana taraiwa, ngā pikinga koretake o ngā taumata o te moenga paru, me te hekenga o ngā tere rake. Ka whakamahia e ngā otinga aroturuki wā-tūturu ngā pūnaha ine taipana me te tō aunoa, te mōhiotanga tauira tatauranga, me te whakatauira ā-tinana me te FEA whakatikatika-ake. Ko ngā pūnaha pūoko ā-roto matatau, pērā i ngā mita mātotoru ahumahi Lonnmeter, ka whakarato urupare tonu ki te mātotoru rere o raro me ngā āhuatanga o te moenga paru, ka taea te tohu i te taumahatanga tīmatanga, te herenga rānei.
Ka tukatukahia e ngā tauira ako-mīhini te wiri ora me ngā raraunga whakahaere hei tohu i te taipana rake rerekē i mua i te rahunga—tae atu ki ētahi meneti i mua. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te urupare mā te whakarerekē i ngā horopeta polyelectrolyte, te whakataurite anō i ngā āhuatanga whāngai, te whakahaere rānei i te tiaki ārai. Kua whakamātauhia ngā kaupapa whakahaere aunoa e whakauru ana i te ine kiato ā-roto me te aroturuki taipana ki te whakaiti i ngā kati ohorere me te karo i ngā āhuatanga aituā here rake i roto i te arotautanga o te tipu tukatuka kohuke.
Ngā Rārangi Tiaki me ngā Kawa Whakahaere
Hei ārai i te rahunga miihini me te whakanui ake i te wā mahi o te whakamātotoru, me arotahi ngā wā tiaki ki te tirotiro auau i ngā ringa rake, ngā tereina taraiwa, me ngā taputapu ine taipana. He mea nui te pupuri i tētahi rēkoti o ngā pikinga taipana kua kitea, ngā huringa whakahinuhinu, me te whakatikatika ine kiato mō te umanga keri.
Me whakarite e ngā tikanga whakahaere:
- Te whakarite i te kohi tauira paru me te aroturukitanga kukū o ngā totoka.
- Ngā tirotiro auau o ngā taumata o te papa me te paru hei whakahaere i te mātotoru o te rerenga wai i te wā tika.
- Te whakatikatika me te whakamātautau mahi auau o ngā pūnaha mita kiato ā-roto pēnei i te Lonnmeter.
Ko te piri ki ngā tikanga pai mō te tiaki i ngā whakamātotoru—tae atu ki te tuhi taipitopito i ngā mahi ārai me te urupare wawe ki ngā whakatūpato aroturuki—he tohu tēnei i te whakapainga nui atu i ngā tauira tiaki tauhohe e aro ana ki ngā takahanga pakaru. Ka tautoko tika ēnei mahi i ngā mahi haumaru mō ngā whakamātotoru, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hopukanga utu nui o te rake.
Ngā Painga o te Whakahaere Matatau
Mā te whakahaere matatau i roto i ngā ara iahiko whakamātotoru ka ārai i te hopukanga kino o te rake, ā, ka whakatairanga i te tukatuka kohuke haumaru mā te arotau tonu i ngā tawhā whakahaere. Mā te urupare wā-tūturu—ina koa ka honoa ki ngā kaupapa whakahaere a te tohunga—ka noho tonu ngā taurangi matua pēnei i te taipana rake, te kukū rere o raro, me te taumata paru i roto i ngā rohe haumaru.
E whakaatu ana ngā tauira mai i ngā arotakenga tukanga kohuke me ngā pūnaha aunoatanga whakamātotoru:
- Te whakaiti nui i te wā kore mahi i whakamaheretia whai muri i te whakatinanatanga o ngā anga whakahaere a ngā tohunga.
- Te whakapakari i te pumau o te tukanga mā te aroturuki tonu i te kukū o ngā totoka me te whakarerekētanga hihiri o te horopeta o te flocculant me te polyelectrolyte.
- He iti ake te auau o te kakahu ā-mīhini me te taumaha rawa, e tautoko ana i ngā wā mahi roa ake, ā, he pai ake te whai huatanga o te whakahaere i te whakamātotoru.
Hei whakamutunga, ko ngā huarahi matatau—mai i te aunoatanga whakauru ki ngā wātaka tiaki matapae—e whakarato ana i te parenga pakari ki te taumaha rawa o te rake, me te pupuri tonu i te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi a te umanga.
Ngā Aromatawai Tukanga Kohuke me te Arotautanga Mahi Whakamātotoru
Ko ngā arotakenga tukanga kohuke hanganga i roto i ngā maina mata me te konutea polymercant e arotahi ana ki ngā aromatawai whānui o te mahi whakamātotoru ahumahi, me te aro nui ki te kounga o te rere o raro me te mahi rake. Ka whakamahia e ēnei arotakenga he tirotiro pūnaha o ngā tawhā waipēhi—pērā i te rere o te whāngai, te tere piki, me te hohonu o te moenga—me te whakatairanga i ngā tohu mahi matua (KPI) pērā i te kiato o te rere o raro, te kukū o ngā totoka, te taipana rake, me ngā kōtaha kaha. He mea nui te whakahaere pakari i ēnei taurangi hei karo i te pakaru o te moenga paru, te aukati, me ngā rahunga miihini tae atu ki te here rake, te hopu rake rānei.
Arotakenga Hanganga: Arotahi ki te Waipēhi me te Mīhini
Ko ngā arotake he tikanga tirotiro ā-wāhanga:
- Ka aromatawaihia te mahi waipēhi mā te taurite rere, te aroturuki i te māramatanga o te waipuke, me te whai i ngā tere o te paru.
- Ka tātarihia e ngā tirotiro whakamātotoru rake ngā ānau taipana, ngā tauira ahotea miihini, me ngā kōtaha kakahu, mā te whakamahi i te whakatauira matatau pērā i te whakatauira Taunekeneke Hanganga-Wai (FSI) hei matapae i te tohatoha kawenga me te tautuhi i ngā wāhi mōrearea mō te tiaki i te taumaha rake me ngā aituā here.
- Ko ngā tirotiro kounga o te rere o raro e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ine i te kiato ā-roto me ngā mita kiato ahumahi pēnei i a Lonnmeter, e āhei ai te aromatawai i te wā-tūturu. Mā te whakatikatika i te mita kiato mō ngā paerewa ahumahi keri ka whakarite kia pono te pānui i ngā totoka rere o raro, e tautoko ana i te whakahaere matotoru o te kukū rere o raro.
Tātari Tukanga mō te Paetae Mahi me te Kite i ngā Ārai
Kua noho ko ngā tātaritanga tukanga e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga hei tūāpapa mō te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere o ngā mīhini whakamātotoru i roto i ngā taiao keri whakarewa maha.
- Ka tātarihia ngā awa raraunga tukanga tonu mō ngā ia o te kukū rerenga raro, ngā tātaitanga horopeta o te wai whakapūkara, te putanga papu, me ngā kawenga miihini.
- Kei roto i te paearu te whakamana i ngā tauira Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ki ngā reiti taunga me ngā putanga whakamaroke wai kua kitea, me te tautuhi i ngā arai pēnei i te piki me te heke o te mātotoru whāngai, te nui rawa rānei o te whakamahinga o te matū.
- Ka maherehia e ngā tikanga keri tukatuka ngā here o te reremahi, ka aroturukihia ngā reiti whakaputanga, ā, ka honoa ngā take tangohanga o raro ki te rerekētanga o te konganuku o te taha whakarunga.
E whakaatu ana ngā tauira tauira, whai muri i ngā arotakenga tukanga kua arotahihia, kua kitea e ngā whare:
- Te pumau o te kukū o ngā mea totoka ahakoa te rerekētanga o te whāngai.
- Te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te flocculant—neke atu i te 16% te whakahekenga i roto i ngā arotakenga maha.
- I heke te taipana rake toharite mā te neke atu i te 18%, ā, i iti ake ngā whakawetonga tiaki me te roa ake o te wā mahi.
Ngā Rautaki Whakapai Tonu: Te Whakarerekē i te Inenga, te Tangohanga, me ngā Tikanga Rake
He mea nui te whakapai ake i ngā tukanga auau mō ngā mahi haumaru me te whai huatanga o te whakamātotoru:
- Ka arotauhia te inenga o te flocculant mā roto i ngā whakamātautau puranga taiwhanga me ngā whakamātautau mara, me te whakataurite i te tere o te whakatōpuku me te mātotoru floc mā te arotau inenga polyelectrolyte e tika ana mō te tukanga whakapai ake i te konutea mata.
- Ka whakarerekētia ngā tere tango rerenga wai i raro i te wai mā te whakamahi i ngā kaitahuri auau papu me ngā pūnaha whakahaere e hangai ana ki te tauira. Ka whakauruhia e te PID, te arorau matapae tauira rānei, te urupare pūoko—pērā i ngā raraunga mātotoru wā-tūturu a Lonnmeter—kia mau tonu ai te mātotoru rerenga wai tino pai.
- Ka whakatikatikaina ngā tikanga rake mā te whakamahi i ngā mana urutau e whakamahi ana i te urupare i ahu mai i te pūoko. Hei tauira, ka ārahi te tauira FSI me te CFD-FEA i te whakaritenga tiaki me ngā whakapainga hoahoa rake matotoru. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te taumaha rawa o te rake me te here, ka tautoko i te mahi pakari mō te wā roa.
Kei roto hoki i ngā anga whakapai tonu ngā tikanga pai mō te tiaki i ngā whakamātotoru:
- Arotakenga kua whakaritea mō ngā wāhanga miihini me ngā pūnaha whakahaere.
- Te whakatikatika i ngā taputapu ā-roto me ngā mita mātotoru hei whakarite kia tika te aroturukitanga kukū o ngā totoka.
- Arotake me te whakahou i ngā pūnaha aunoatanga whakamātotoru, me te whakataurite i ngā raraunga pūoko ki ngā arorau whakahaere hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea aituā.
Mā te huarahi whakakotahi—te arotake, te tātari, me te whakahaere auau—ka taea te arotau i te tipu tukatuka kohuke, te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi whakamātotoru, me te whakaiti i ngā aituā utu nui. Mā te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu me ngā whakapainga hanganga ka tautoko i te whakaora rauemi me te tiaki wai, me te aro atu ki ngā wero ahurei o ngā maina mata me te konutea polymetallic.
Te Whakanui i te Whai Hua o te Whakakore Wai me te Mahi Ōhanga
Ko te whakataurite i te kukū o te whakamātotoru o raro o te wai me te pūngao me ngā utu matū he mea nui ki ngā rautaki whakamaroke i te maina. I roto i ngā maina mata me te konutea polymetallic, he mea nui te whakatakoto i ngā whāinga kukū totoka raro tika nā te mea ka whakatau tika i te whakamahinga pūngao papu me te whakamahinga flocculant. Mā te pana nui rawa i te kukū ka whakanui ake i te matotoru o te paru me te ahotea hua, ka piki ake ngā hiahia mana papu me te kakahu miihini. I tetahi atu taha, ko te kukū ngoikore ka hua ake he nui rawa te whakahaere wai, me te hiahia kia nui ake ngā tere papu me te nui ake o te horopeta matū hei pupuri i te pumau o te taunga me te tukanga. Mā te huarahi e whakahaerehia ana e ngā raraunga, e whakauru ana i ngā arotakenga mahi motuhake ki te tipu me ngā tauira arotau, ka taea te whiriwhiri tupato i ngā whāinga e pai ana ki ngā here o te kawe me ngā taputapu para, me te whakaiti i te utu whānui.
Me akiaki ngā mahi whakahaere i roto i ngā whakamātotoru ahumahi i te whakaora wai, me te whakataurite i te haumaru, te kaha o te whakaputanga, me ngā mahi pai rawa atu mō te tiaki i ngā whakamātotoru. Mō ngā whakamātotoru matotoru, whakapiri rānei, he mea nui te whakahaere tupato i ngā tataunga horopeta flocculant me te arotautanga polyelectrolyte. Ko te horopeta tauhohenga, e taurite ana i te wā tūturu ki te rerekētanga whāngai, ka whakarite i te hanganga floc kaha me te kore e nui rawa te horopeta, ā, ka karohia te pikinga o ngā utu whakahaere, te mahi whakamaroke wai ngoikore rānei. Ka whakawhirinaki ngā mahi hou ki ngā pūnaha aunoa whakamātotoru matatau—e whakamahi ana i te ine i te matotoru ā-roto (me ngā taputapu pono pēnei i teIne mātotoru ahumahi Lonnmeter) me te whakatikatika ine matotoru tonu mō ngā āhuatanga o te umanga keri. Mā tēnei whakahaere tukanga pakari ka akiaki i te ōritetanga o te matotoru o raro o te whakamātotoru, ā, ka taea te urupare tere ki ngā raruraru tukanga, ka whakaiti nui i ngā mōrearea o te taumaha rawa o te rake, te aituā here rake, me te hopu rake. Me whai hoahoa rake whakamātotoru whai hua me te tiaki i ngā tikanga hei karo i ngā aukati me ngā aituā haumaru, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao whakaputa nui.
He nui ngā painga o te whakahaere matotoru kua arotauhia mō te arotau i te tipu tukatuka kohuke me te tukanga whakapai ake i te konutea mata. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau kua whakamātauhia puta noa i ētahi pūwero konutea-mata e whai wāhi ana te aroturuki tonu i te kukū totoka me te whakahaere i te kiato o raro o te matotoru kua arotauhia ki te whakatutuki i te pumau o raro i roto i te 2–3% o te hoahoa, me te penapena flocculant o te 10–20% me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao tae atu ki te 15% mō te papu para. Mā te pumau o te tukanga kua whakapaitia ka taea te whakanui ake i te putanga whānui o te tipu me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru, i ngā whāinga whakaora wai rānei. Mā te ine kiato ā-roto me ngā pūnaha whakahaere tohunga ka puta he urupare wā-tūturu mō te arotau i te horopeta flocculant i roto i te keri, e tautoko ana i te whakahaere matū kia kaha ake me te iti ake o ngā aukati tukanga. Ko te pikinga o te whakaora wai ka whai wāhi tika ki te whakaiti i te whakauru wai māori me te iti ake o ngā tapuwae para, e whakarei ake ana i te tutuki i ngā ture me te pumau o te taiao.
Ko te aro turuki i te kukū o ngā matūriki whakapakeke kua arotauhia, ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te pono o te mahi anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te whakapaunga mahi katoa, ka whakapiki ake i te hua o te papaanga. Mā te whakahaere aunoa ka whakaitihia ngā rerekētanga o te matotoru—ka hua ake he tere tukunga pumau, he iti ake te horopeta anō, me te kaha ake o te hangarua o te wai tukatuka. Ka horapa ēnei painga puta noa i ngā utu pūngao, matū, me te wai, ka whakapakari tika i te mahi ōhanga o ngā matūriki ahumahi i roto i ngā tautuhinga maina mata-konutea polymetallic.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQs)
He aha te mahi matua a te whakamātotoru ahumahi i roto i te maina mata me te konutea maha-whakarewa?
Ka wehea te wai mai i ngā totoka i roto i ngā paru tukatuka kohuke e te whakamātotoru ahumahi i roto i tētahi maina mata-konutea maha-whakarewa. Ko tāna mahi matua he whakanui ake i te whakaora wai me te whakapūmau i ngā totoka mā te whakatōnga ā-papa. Ka tukuna te rerenga matotoru ki te whakakorenga paru, ki te whakapai ake rānei i te painga, ko te rerenga kua mārama ka hangarua hei wai tukatuka. Ka whakarei ake tēnei i te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi, ā, ka āwhina i te whakatutuki i ngā here tukunga taiao.
Me pēhea te whakahaere a te kaiwhakamātotoru i te kukū o te rere o raro hei ārai i ngā aituā here rake?
Ka puta te herenga rake whakamātotoru ina tino teitei rawa te kukū o ngā totoka, ka piki ake te ātete me te taipana i runga i te pūnaha rake. Mā te whakahaere wā-tūturu i te kukū o raro - mā te whakamahi i ngā mita kiato ipurangi me ngā pūnaha aunoa - ka whakarite kia kore e nui rawa te kohikohi o ngā totoka, ka noho tonu te taipana ki roto i ngā rohe haumaru. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te ārai i ngā rahunga miihini, te hopu rake, me te wā whakatā mahi utu nui. Ko ngā pūnaha whakahaere, pērā i ngā kaiwhakahaere PID me ngā kaitahuri auau, ka whakatikatika kaha i te tere papu o raro kia mau tonu te kiato tino pai me te karo i te aukati tinana.
He aha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tatau i te horopeta o te flocculant i roto i ngā whakamātotoru rake?
Ka pāngia te horopeta o te flocculant e ētahi taurangi tukanga:
- Ngā āhuatanga o te whāngai: Ko te nui o te wai whakapūkara e hiahiatia ana hei whakaemi pai i ngā matūriki e whakatauhia ana e te nui o te wai whakapūkara me te hanganga o ngā kohuke.
- Te tere rere o te paru: Tērā pea me nui ake te wai whakapūkara kia tere ai te whakapūkara ina nui ake ngā rere.
- Te kukū o te rerenga wai e hiahiatia ana: Ka pā te kukū whāia ki te kaha o te whakahiato me ngā tere taunga.
- Momo konganuku me te ranunga: He rerekē te whanonga o ngā konganuku maha-whakarewa (ngā ranunga mata-konutea) i ngā whāngai kohuke-kotahi.
- Urupare wā-tūturu: Ka whakamahia e ngā mana matatau te ine kiato ā-roto hei whakarerekē i te horopeta ina huri ngā āhuatanga whāngai.
Mā te arotautanga ka ārai i te nui rawa o te horopeta, ka taea te whakaiti i te kiato o te rere me te whakapiki i ngā utu matū. Me tika te aroturuki i te rere me te kiato, pērā i ngā mita kiato takirua, ngā pūnaha FBRM rānei.
He aha ngā arotakenga tukanga kohuke, ā, me pēhea e āwhina ai i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamātotoru?
Ka arotakehia e ngā arotake tukanga kohuke te mahi whakamātotoru - te tirotiro i te mahi waipēhi, te whanonga o te tikanga rake, me te pono o te taputapu. Ka whakamahia e ēnei arotake ngā tirotiro i te papaanga me ngā taputapu tātari (hei tauira, XRF, XRD) hei tautuhi i ngā ngoikoretanga, te whakahaere ngoikore, ngā take miihini rānei. Ka tautuhia e ngā hua ngā whakapainga mahi: te kiato rere wai kua whakapaitia, te tere whakamaroke pai ake, te whakaiti i te kai flocculant, me te haumaru kua whakapaitia (te whakaiti i te mōrearea here rake). Ka whakarite hoki ngā arotake auau kia tutuki ngā paerewa ture me te tautoko i ngā rautaki arotau i te tipu tukatuka kohuke whakauru.
He aha te hiranga o te ine i te mātotoru ā-roto mō te whakahaere i te matotoru whakarewa maha?
Mā te ine i te mātotoru ā-roto ka aroturuki tonu, ka tika hoki te kukū o ngā matūriki paru i ngā wāhi nui o te whakamātotoru. Mā ngā mita mātotoru aunoa, pērā i ngā tauira "Lonnmeter", ka whāngai i ngā raraunga ora ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tukatuka. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakarerekē tere i ngā tere papu me ngā horopeta flocculant, ka mau tonu ngā whāinga rere raro me te waipuke. Ka tukuna e ngā pūnaha ā-roto he urupare tere ki ngā āhuatanga whāngai e huri haere ana, ka ārai i te taumaha rawa o te rake me te whakaiti i te kakahu miihini. Ko te hua he mahi haumaru ake, he pai ake te whai huatanga o te mahi, me te whakaora wai pono, inā koa i roto i ngā maina mata-konutea polymetallic kei reira te rerekētanga o te whāngai.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 25-2025
